| 1. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Abbasi, Rasha, et al.
(författare)
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IceCube search for neutrinos from GRB 221009A
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2023). - : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- GRB 221009A is the brightest Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) ever observed. The observed extremelyhigh flux of high and very-high-energy photons provide a unique opportunity to probe the predictedneutrino counterpart to the electromagnetic emission. We have used a variety of methods to searchfor neutrinos in coincidence with the GRB over several time windows during the precursor, promptand afterglow phases of the GRB. MeV scale neutrinos are studied using photo-multiplier ratescalers which are normally used to search for galactic core-collapse supernovae neutrinos. GeVneutrinos are searched starting with DeepCore triggers. These events don’t have directionallocalization, but instead can indicate an excess in the rate of events. 10 GeV - 1 TeV and >TeVneutrinos are searched using traditional neutrino point source methods which take into accountthe direction and time of events with DeepCore and the entire IceCube detector respectively. The>TeV results include both a fast-response analysis conducted by IceCube in real-time with timewindows of T0 − 1 to T0 + 2 hours and T0 ± 1 day around the time of GRB 221009A, as well asan offline analysis with 3 new time windows up to a time window of T0 − 1 to T0 + 14 days, thelongest time period we consider. The combination of observations by IceCube covers 9 ordersof magnitude in neutrino energy, from MeV to PeV, placing upper limits across the range forpredicted neutrino emission.
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| 3. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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| 5. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
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| 6. |
- Chen, Junyuan, et al.
(författare)
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Early Cambrian Yangtze Plate Maotianshan Shale macrofauna biodiversity and the evolution of predation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-0182 .- 1872-616X. ; 254:1-2, s. 250-272
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The large number of soft-part preserved fossils from the Lower Cambrian Maotianshan Shale (Chengjiang) Lagerstätten suggests particularly favourable conditions for a rich life on the shelf-zone sea bottom of the Yangtze Plate, China. This high degree of biodiversity opens an excellent window into the early radiation phase of Metazoa and represents a significant data source for the study of adaptive strategies among early animals. Feeding and locomotion are the main life strategies of organisms we investigated with regard to two major benthic macrofaunal components of the Maotianshan Shale biota, the nemathelminths and the arthropods. Our attempt was to test whether food, feeding and locomotory strategies of the benthic Lower Cambrian shallow-water communities were as diversified as it appears from the morphological diversity of the organisms present. Two major types of feeders can be discerned: suspension/micro-particle feeders – mostly epibenthic sedentary taxa – and larger-particle feeders, living in benthic to bentho-pelagic realms. Scant evidence exists for exclusive vegetarians, fungi eaters, biomat utilizers and for in-faunal vertical burrowers or grazers (bioturbators). Predation, in a wider sense, seems to be a, if not the, major feeding mode among metazoans. Nemathelminths and arthropods are amongst the best examples. In the benthic shallow-water regime, as exposed by the Maotianshan Shale biota, animals and their ontogenetic stages were the most suitable and readily available food source. At least for arthropods, we propose that improvement of predatory strategies was paralleled by the enhancement of locomotory and food manipulation structures. Accumulating evidence of late Precambrian to Early Cambrian metazoans exposing diverse morphologies and life styles indicates that, on the large scale, phylogenesis progressed gradually in the Late Precambrian. This renders an “explosive” radiation of Metazoa unlikely.
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| 7. |
- Feng, Shaohong, et al.
(författare)
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Dense sampling of bird diversity increases power of comparative genomics
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 587:7833
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whole-genome sequencing projects are increasingly populating the tree of life and characterizing biodiversity(1-4). Sparse taxon sampling has previously been proposed to confound phylogenetic inference(5), and captures only a fraction of the genomic diversity. Here we report a substantial step towards the dense representation of avian phylogenetic and molecular diversity, by analysing 363 genomes from 92.4% of bird families-including 267 newly sequenced genomes produced for phase II of the Bird 10,000 Genomes (B10K) Project. We use this comparative genome dataset in combination with a pipeline that leverages a reference-free whole-genome alignment to identify orthologous regions in greater numbers than has previously been possible and to recognize genomic novelties in particular bird lineages. The densely sampled alignment provides a single-base-pair map of selection, has more than doubled the fraction of bases that are confidently predicted to be under conservation and reveals extensive patterns of weak selection in predominantly non-coding DNA. Our results demonstrate that increasing the diversity of genomes used in comparative studies can reveal more shared and lineage-specific variation, and improve the investigation of genomic characteristics. We anticipate that this genomic resource will offer new perspectives on evolutionary processes in cross-species comparative analyses and assist in efforts to conserve species. A dataset of the genomes of 363 species from the Bird 10,000 Genomes Project shows increased power to detect shared and lineage-specific variation, demonstrating the importance of phylogenetically diverse taxon sampling in whole-genome sequencing.
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| 8. |
- Fritzson, Peter, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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The OpenModelica Integrated Environment for Modeling, Simulation, and Model-Based Development
- 2020
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Ingår i: Modeling, Identification and Control. - Kristiansand, Norway : Norsk Forening for Automatisering. - 0332-7353 .- 1890-1328. ; 41:4, s. 241-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OpenModelica is a unique large-scale integrated open-source Modelica- and FMI-based modeling, simulation, optimization, model-based analysis and development environment. Moreover, the OpenModelica environment provides a number of facilities such as debugging; optimization; visualization and 3D animation; web-based model editing and simulation; scripting from Modelica, Python, Julia, and Matlab; efficient simulation and co-simulation of FMI-based models; compilation for embedded systems; Modelica-UML integration; requirement verification; and generation of parallel code for multi-core architectures. The environment is based on the equation-based object-oriented Modelica language and currently uses the MetaModelica extended version of Modelica for its model compiler implementation. This overview paper gives an up-to-date description of the capabilities of the system, short overviews of used open source symbolic and numeric algorithms with pointers to published literature, tool integration aspects, some lessons learned, and the main vision behind its development.
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| 9. |
- Hippe, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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EGFR/Ras-induced CCL20 production modulates the tumour microenvironment.
- 2020
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 123:6, s. 942-954
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The activation of the EGFR/Ras-signalling pathway in tumour cells induces a distinct chemokine repertoire, which in turn modulates the tumour microenvironment.METHODS: The effects of EGFR/Ras on the expression and translation of CCL20 were analysed in a large set of epithelial cancer cell lines and tumour tissues by RT-qPCR and ELISA in vitro. CCL20 production was verified by immunohistochemistry in different tumour tissues and correlated with clinical data. The effects of CCL20 on endothelial cell migration and tumour-associated vascularisation were comprehensively analysed with chemotaxis assays in vitro and in CCR6-deficient mice in vivo.RESULTS: Tumours facilitate progression by the EGFR/Ras-induced production of CCL20. Expression of the chemokine CCL20 in tumours correlates with advanced tumour stage, increased lymph node metastasis and decreased survival in patients. Microvascular endothelial cells abundantly express the specific CCL20 receptor CCR6. CCR6 signalling in endothelial cells induces angiogenesis. CCR6-deficient mice show significantly decreased tumour growth and tumour-associated vascularisation. The observed phenotype is dependent on CCR6 deficiency in stromal cells but not within the immune system.CONCLUSION: We propose that the chemokine axis CCL20-CCR6 represents a novel and promising target to interfere with the tumour microenvironment, and opens an innovative multimodal strategy for cancer therapy.
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| 10. |
- Jarvis, Erich D., et al.
(författare)
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Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds
- 2014
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 346:6215, s. 1320-1331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To better determine the history of modern birds, we performed a genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of 48 species representing all orders of Neoaves using phylogenomic methods created to handle genome-scale data. We recovered a highly resolved tree that confirms previously controversial sister or close relationships. We identified the first divergence in Neoaves, two groups we named Passerea and Columbea, representing independent lineages of diverse and convergently evolved land and water bird species. Among Passerea, we infer the common ancestor of core landbirds to have been an apex predator and confirm independent gains of vocal learning. Among Columbea, we identify pigeons and flamingoes as belonging to sister clades. Even with whole genomes, some of the earliest branches in Neoaves proved challenging to resolve, which was best explained by massive protein-coding sequence convergence and high levels of incomplete lineage sorting that occurred during a rapid radiation after the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event about 66 million years ago.
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| 11. |
- Kruse, Bastian, et al.
(författare)
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CD4+ T cell-induced inflammatory cell death controls immune-evasive tumours
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 618:7967, s. 1033-1040
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most clinically applied cancer immunotherapies rely on the ability of CD8+ cytolytic T cells to directly recognize and kill tumour cells1,2,3. These strategies are limited by the emergence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-deficient tumour cells and the formation of an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment4,5,6. The ability of CD4+ effector cells to contribute to antitumour immunity independently of CD8+ T cells is increasingly recognized, but strategies to unleash their full potential remain to be identified7,8,9,10. Here, we describe a mechanism whereby a small number of CD4+ T cells is sufficient to eradicate MHC-deficient tumours that escape direct CD8+ T cell targeting. The CD4+ effector T cells preferentially cluster at tumour invasive margins where they interact with MHC-II+CD11c+ antigen-presenting cells. We show that T helper type 1 cell-directed CD4+ T cells and innate immune stimulation reprogramme the tumour-associated myeloid cell network towards interferon-activated antigen-presenting and iNOS-expressing tumouricidal effector phenotypes. Together, CD4+ T cells and tumouricidal myeloid cells orchestrate the induction of remote inflammatory cell death that indirectly eradicates interferon-unresponsive and MHC-deficient tumours. These results warrant the clinical exploitation of this ability of CD4+ T cells and innate immune stimulators in a strategy to complement the direct cytolytic activity of CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells and advance cancer immunotherapies.
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| 12. |
- Maas, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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The ‘Orsten’—More than a Cambrian Konservat-Lagerstätte
- 2006
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Ingår i: Palaeoworld. - 1871-174X .- 1875-5887. ; 15, s. 266-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- In several areas of southern Sweden, limestone nodules, locally called Orsten occur within bituminous alum shales. Theseshales and nodules were deposited under dysoxic conditions at the bottom of what was most likely a shallow sea during the lateMiddle to Upper Cambrian (ca. 500 million years ago). Subsequently, the name ‘Orsten’ has been referred to particular, mainlyarthropod, fossils from such nodules, and, in a wider sense, to the specific type of preservation of minute fossil through secondarilyphosphatization. This preservation is exceptional in yielding uncompacted and diagenetically undeformed three-dimensional fossils.‘Orsten’-type preservation resulted from incrustation of a thin external layer and also by impregnation by calcium phosphate and,therefore, mineralization of the surface of the former animals during early diagenesis. Primarily, this type of preservation seems tohave affected only cuticle-bearing metazoans such as cycloneuralian nemathelminths and arthropods. ‘Orsten’ preservation in thissense seems to be limited by size, in having yielded no partial or complete animals larger than 2 mm. On the other end of the scale,even larvae 100
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| 31. |
- Bickl, Andreas M., et al.
(författare)
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Changes in gambling behaviour and related problems in clients seeking help in outpatient addiction care : Results from a 36-month follow-up study in Bavaria
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Behavioral Addictions. - : Akademiai Kiado Zrt.. - 2062-5871 .- 2063-5303. ; 10:3, s. 690-700
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aim: Evidence on the course of gambling disorder (GD) in clients seeking help from outpatient addiction care facilities is sparse. To close this knowledge gap, this longitudinal one-armed cohort study portrays the development of GD in help-seeking clients over a 3-year timeframe.Methods: We investigated changes in severity of GD as well as in gambling frequency and intensity in 145 gamblers in outpatient treatment in Bavaria using generalized estimation equations (GEEs). To investigate potentially different trajectories between study participants with and without migration background (MB), additional analyses were applied with time*migration interaction. All analyses were adjusted for age, gender, education, electronic gambling machine (EGM) gambling, MB, GD, related help sought before and treatment status.Results: Within the entire study population, improvements in severity of GD (reduction of 39.2%), gambling intensity (reduction of 75.6%) and gambling frequency (reduction of 77.0%) were observed between baseline and 36 months of follow-up. The declines were most pronounced between baseline and follow-up 1 and stabilized thereafter. Participants with MB improved consistently less than participants without MB.Discussion and conclusion: Our study suggests that severity of GD and gambling patterns improve in the context of outpatient treatment. The beneficial results furthermore persist for 36 months after treatment termination. As clients with MB seem to profit less than clients without MB, improvements in outpatient gambling services to the specific needs of this clientele are required.
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| 32. |
- Braun, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Above-ground biomass estimates based on active and passive microwave sensor imagery in low-biomass savanna ecosystems
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Remote Sensing. - 1931-3195. ; 12:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although many studies exist on the estimation and monitoring of above-ground biomass (AGB) of forest ecosystems by methods of remote sensing, very little research has been carried out for ecosystems of low primary production, such as grasslands, steppes, or savannas. Our study intends to approach this gap and investigates the correlation between space-borne radar information and AGB at the scale of 10 tons per hectare and below. Additionally, we introduce the integration of passive brightness temperature as an additional covariate for biomass estimation, based on the hypothesis that it contains information complementary to microwave backscatter of the active sensors. Our findings show that large-scale estimates of AGB can be conducted for grasslands and savannas at high accuracy (R-2 up to 0.52). Additionally, we found that the integration of passive radar can increase the quality of AGB estimates in terms of explained variance for selected cases. We hope that these indications are a starting point for more integrated approaches toward biomass estimations based on Earth observation methods.
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| 33. |
- Braun, Andreas P., et al.
(författare)
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Gauged 2-form symmetries in 6D SCFTs coupled to gravity
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - : Springer Nature. - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study six dimensional supergravity theories with superconformal sectors (SCFTs). Instances of such theories can be engineered using type IIB strings, or more generally F-Theory, which translates field theoretic constraints to geometry. Specifically, we study the fate of the discrete 2-form global symmetries of the SCFT sectors. For both (2, 0) and (1, 0) theories we show that whenever the charge lattice of the SCFT sectors is non-primitively embedded into the charge lattice of the supergravity theory, there is a subgroup of these 2-form symmetries that remains unbroken by BPS strings. By the absence of global symmetries in quantum gravity, this subgroup much be gauged. Using the embedding of the charge lattices also allows us to determine how the gauged 2-form symmetry embeds into the 2-form global symmetries of the SCFT sectors, and we present several concrete examples, as well as some general observations. As an alternative derivation, we recover our results for a large class of models from a dual perspective upon reduction to five dimensions.
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| 34. |
- Braun, Andreas P., et al.
(författare)
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Infinitely many M2-instanton corrections to M-theory on G(2)-manifolds
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - : SPRINGER. - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider the non-perturbative superpotential for a class of four-dimensional N = 1 vacua obtained from M-theory on seven-manifolds with holonomy G(2). The class of G(2)-holonomy manifolds we consider are so-called twisted connected sum (TCS) constructions, which have the topology of a K3-fibration over S-3. We show that the non-perturbative superpotential of M-theory on a class of TCS geometries receives infinitely many inequivalent M2-instanton contributions from infinitely many three-spheres, which we conjecture are supersymmetric (and thus associative) cycles. The rationale for our construction is provided by the duality chain of [1], which relates M-theory on TCS G(2) manifolds to E-8 x E-8 heterotic backgrounds on the Schoen Calabi-Yau threefold, as well as to F-theory on a K3-fibered Calabi-Yau fourfold. The latter are known to have an infinite number of instanton corrections to the superpotential and it is these contributions that we trace through the duality chain back to the G(2)-compactification.
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| 35. |
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| 37. |
- Braun, Judith, et al.
(författare)
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Full15N tracer accounting to revisit major assumptions of 15N isotope pool dilution approaches for gross nitrogen mineralization
- 2018
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Ingår i: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717. ; 117, s. 16-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 The Authors The 15 N isotope pool dilution (IPD) technique is the only available method for measuring gross ammonium (NH 4 + ) production and consumption rates. Rapid consumption of the added 15 N-NH 4 + tracer is commonly observed, but the processes responsible for this consumption are not well understood. The primary objectives of this study were to determine the relative roles of biotic and abiotic processes in 15 N-NH 4 + consumption and to investigate the validity of one of the main assumptions of IPD experiments, i.e., that no reflux of the consumed 15 N tracer occurs during the course of the experiments. We added a 15 N-NH 4 + tracer to live and sterile (autoclaved) soil using mineral topsoil from a beech forest and a grassland in Austria that differed in NH 4 + concentrations and NH 4 + consumption kinetics. We quantified both biotic tracer consumption (i.e. changes in the concentrations and 15 N enrichments of NH 4 + , dissolved organic N (DON), NO 3 − and the microbial N pool) and abiotic tracer consumption (i.e., fixation by clay and/or humic substances). We achieved full recovery of the 15 N tracer in both soils over the course of the 48 h incubation. For the forest soil, we found no rapid consumption of the 15 N tracer, and the majority of tracer (78%) remained unconsumed at the end of the incubation period. In contrast, the grassland soil showed rapid 15 N-NH 4 + consumption immediately after tracer addition, which was largely due to both abiotic fixation (24%) and biotic processes, largely uptake by soil microbes (10%) and nitrification (13%). We found no evidence for reflux of 15 N-NH 4 + over the 48 h incubation period in either soil. Our study therefore shows that 15 N tracer reflux during IPD experiments is negligible for incubation times of up to 48 h, even when rapid NH 4 + consumption occurs. Such experiments are thus robust to the assumption that immobilized labeled N is not re–mobilized during the experimental period and does not impact calculations of gross N mineralization.
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| 38. |
- Braun, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Method for the wafer-level integration of shape memory alloy wires
- 2013
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The present invention relates to a method to attach a shape memory alloy wire to a substrate, where the wire is mechanically attached into a 3D structure on the substrate. The present invention also relates to a device comprising a shape memory alloy wire attached to a substrate, where the wire is mechanically attached into a 3D structure on the substrate.
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| 39. |
- Braun, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Nitrogen deposition in forests: Statistical modeling of total deposition from throughfall loads
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Forests and Global Change. - : IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet. - 2624-893X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Nitrogen (N) gradient studies in some cases use N deposition inthroughfall as measure of N deposition to forests.For evaluating critical loadsof N, however, information on total N deposition is required, i.e., the sum ofestimates of dry, wet and occult deposition.Methods: The present paper collects a number of studies in Europe wherethroughfall and total N deposition were compared in different forest types.From this dataset a function was derived which allows to estimate total Ndeposition from throughfall N deposition.Results: At low throughfall N deposition values, the proportion of canopyuptake is high and thus the underestimation of total deposition by throughfallN needs to be corrected.At throughfall N deposition values > 20 kg Nha?1 yr?1 canopy uptake is getting less important.Conclusion: This work shows that throughfall clearly underestimates totaldeposition of nitrogen. With the present data set covering large parts of Europe it is possible to derive a critical load estimate from gradient studiesusing throughfall data.
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| 40. |
- Cavalcanti de Castro, Marcel, 1978-
(författare)
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Enabling Multimedia Services over Wireless Multi-Hop Networks
- 2009
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With the constant development of wireless technologies, the usageof wireless devices tends to increase even more in the future.Wireless multi-hop networks (WMNs) have emerged as a keytechnology to numerous potential scenarios, ranging from disasterrecovery to wireless broadband internet access. The distributedarchitecture of WMNs enables nodes to cooperatively relay othernode's packets. Because of their advantages over other wirelessnetworks, WMNs are undergoing rapid progress and inspiringnumerous applications. However, many technical issues still existin this field. In this thesis we investigate how Voice over IP(VoIP) and peer-to-peer (P2P) application are influenced bywireless multi-hop network characteristics and how to optimizethem in order to provide scalable communication.We first consider the deployment of VoIP service in wirelessmulti-hop networks, by using the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)architecture. Our investigation shows that the centralized SIParchitecture imposes several challenges when deployed in thedecentralized wireless multi-hop environment. We find that VoIPquality metrics are severely degraded as the traffic and number ofmultiple hops to the gateway increase. In the context ofscalability, we further propose four alternative approaches whichavoid current limitations.In the second part of this thesis we tackle the network capacityproblem while providing scalable VoIP service over wirelessmulti-hop networks. The performance evaluation shows the influenceof intra and inter-flow interference in channel utilization, whichdirect impacts the VoIP capacity. In order to avoid the small VoIPpacket overhead, we propose a new adaptive hop-by-hop packetaggregation scheme based on wireless link characteristics. Ourperformance evaluation shows that the proposed scheme can increasethe VoIP capacity by a two-fold gain.The study of peer-to-peer applicability over wireless multi-hopnetworks is another important contribution. A resource lookupapplication is realized through structured P2P overlay. We showthat due to several reasons, such as characteristics of wirelesslinks, multi-hop forwarding operation, and structured P2Pmanagement traffic aggressiveness the performance of traditionalP2P applications is rather low in wireless multi-hop environments.Therefore, we suggested that a trade-off between the P2P lookupefficiency and the P2P management traffic overhead can be achievedwhile maintaining the overlay network consistency in wirelessmulti-hop networks.
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| 41. |
- Fischer, Andreas C., 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Wafer-level integration of NiTi shape memory alloy wires for the fabrication of microactuators using standard wire bonding technology
- 2011
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Ingår i: 24th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), 2011 IEEE. - : IEEE. ; , s. 348-351
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on the first integration of SMA wires into silicon based MEMS structures using a standard wire bonder. This approach allows fast and efficient placement, alignment and mechanical attachment of NiTi-based SMA wires to silicon-based MEMS. The wires are mechanically anchored and clamped into deep-etched silicon structures on a wafer. The placement precision is high with an average deviation of 4 #x03BC;m and the mechanical clamping is strong, allowing successful actuation of the SMA wires.
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| 42. |
- Fischer, Andreas C., 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Wire-bonder-assisted integration of non-bondable SMA wires into MEMS substrates
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0960-1317 .- 1361-6439. ; 22:5, s. 055025-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on a novel technique for the integration of NiTi shape memory alloy wires and other non-bondable wire materials into silicon-based microelectromechanical system structures using a standard wire-bonding tool. The efficient placement and alignment functions of the wire-bonding tool are used to mechanically attach the wire to deep-etched silicon anchoring and clamping structures. This approach enables a reliable and accurate integration of wire materials that cannot be wire bonded by traditional means.
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| 43. |
- Forsea, Ana-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Inequalities in the patterns of dermoscopy use and training across Europe : conclusions of the Eurodermoscopy pan-European survey
- 2020
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Ingår i: European journal of dermatology : EJD. - : John Libbey Eurotext. - 1167-1122 .- 1952-4013. ; 30:5, s. 524-531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Dermoscopy is a widely used technique, recommended in clinical practice guidelines worldwide for the early diagnosis of skin cancers. Intra-European disparities are reported for early detection and prognosis of skin cancers, however, no information exists about regional variation in patterns of dermoscopy use across Europe.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the regional differences in patterns of dermoscopy use and training among European dermatologists.MATERIALS & METHODS: An online survey of European-registered dermatologists regarding dermoscopy training, practice and attitudes was established. Answers from Eastern (EE) versus Western European (WE) countries were compared and their correlation with their respective countries' gross domestic product/capita (GDPc) and total and government health expenditure/capita (THEc and GHEc) was analysed.RESULTS: We received 4,049 responses from 14 WE countries and 3,431 from 18 EE countries. A higher proportion of WE respondents reported dermoscopy use (98% vs. 77%, p<0.001) and training during residency (43% vs. 32%) or anytime (96.5% vs. 87.6%) (p<0.001) compared to EE respondents. The main obstacles in dermoscopy use were poor access to dermoscopy equipment in EE and a lack of confidence in one's skills in WE. GDPc, THEc and GHEc correlated with rate of dermoscopy use and dermoscopy training during residency (Spearman rho: 0.5-0.7, p<0.05), and inversely with availability of dermoscopy equipment.CONCLUSION: The rates and patterns of dermoscopy use vary significantly between Western and Eastern Europe, on a background of economic inequality. Regionally adapted interventions to increase access to dermoscopy equipment and training might enhance the use of this technique towards improving the early detection of skin cancers.
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| 44. |
- Gasparovic, Hrvoje, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of progressive aortic regurgitation on outcomes after left ventricular assist device implantation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Heart and Vessels. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0910-8327 .- 1615-2573. ; 37:12, s. 1985-1994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aortic regurgitation (AR) following continuous flow left ventricular assist device implantation (cf-LVAD) may adversely impact outcomes. We aimed to assess the incidence and impact of progressive AR after cf-LVAD on prognosis, biomarkers, functional capacity and echocardiographic findings. In an analysis of the PCHF-VAD database encompassing 12 European heart failure centers, patients were dichotomized according to the progression of AR following LVAD implantation. Patients with de-novo AR or AR progression (AR_1) were compared to patients without worsening AR (AR_0). Among 396 patients (mean age 53 ± 12 years, 82% male), 153 (39%) experienced progression of AR over a median of 1.4 years on LVAD support. Before LVAD implantation, AR_1 patients were less frequently diabetic, had lower body mass indices and higher baseline NT-proBNP values. Progressive AR did not adversely impact mortality (26% in both groups, HR 0.91 [95% CI 0.61–1.36]; P = 0.65). No intergroup variability was observed in NT-proBNP values and 6-minute walk test results at index hospitalization discharge and at 6-month follow-up. However, AR_1 patients were more likely to remain in NYHA class III and had worse right ventricular function at 6-month follow-up. Lack of aortic valve opening was related to de-novo or worsening AR (P < 0.001), irrespective of systolic blood pressure (P = 0.67). Patients commonly experience de-novo or worsening AR when exposed to continuous flow of contemporary LVADs. While reducing effective forward flow, worsening AR did not influence survival. However, less complete functional recovery and worse RV performance among AR_1 patients were observed. Lack of aortic valve opening was associated with progressive AR.
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| 45. |
- Guidetti, Federica, et al.
(författare)
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Safety of continuing mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist treatment in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and severe kidney disease : data from Swedish Heart Failure Registry
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Heart Failure. - : WILEY. - 1388-9842 .- 1879-0844. ; 25:12, s. 2164-2173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) improve outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) but remain underused and are often discontinued especially in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to concerns on renal safety. Therefore, in a real-world HFrEF population we investigated the safety of MRA use, in terms of risk of renal events, any mortality and any hospitalization, across the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) spectrum including severe CKD. Methods and results: We analysed patients with HFrEF (ejection fraction <40%), not on dialysis, from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry. We performed multivariable logistic regression models to investigate patient characteristics independently associated with MRA use, and univariable and multivariable Cox regression models to assess the associations between MRA use and outcomes. Of 33 942 patients, 17 489 (51%) received MRA, 32%, 45%, 54%, 54% with eGFR <30, 30–44, 45–59 or ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively. An eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and patient characteristics linked with more severe HF were independently associated with more likely MRA use. In multivariable analyses, MRA use was consistently not associated with a higher risk of renal events (i.e. composite of dialysis/renal death/hospitalization for renal failure or hyperkalaemia) (hazard ratio [HR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98–1.10), all-cause death (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.97–1.08) as well as of all-cause hospitalization (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.95–1.02) across the eGFR spectrum including also severe CKD. Conclusions: The use of MRAs in patients with HFrEF decreased with worse renal function; however their safety profile was demonstrated to be consistent across the entire eGFR spectrum.
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| 46. |
- Haenssle, H A, et al.
(författare)
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Man against machine: diagnostic performance of a deep learning convolutional neural network for dermoscopic melanoma recognition in comparison to 58 dermatologists.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-8041 .- 0923-7534. ; 29:8, s. 1836-1842
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deep learning convolutional neural networks (CNN) may facilitate melanoma detection, but data comparing a CNN's diagnostic performance to larger groups of dermatologists are lacking.Google's Inception v4 CNN architecture was trained and validated using dermoscopic images and corresponding diagnoses. In a comparative cross-sectional reader study a 100-image test-set was used (level-I: dermoscopy only; level-II: dermoscopy plus clinical information and images). Main outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) for diagnostic classification (dichotomous) of lesions by the CNN versus an international group of 58 dermatologists during level-I or -II of the reader study. Secondary end points included the dermatologists' diagnostic performance in their management decisions and differences in the diagnostic performance of dermatologists during level-I and -II of the reader study. Additionally, the CNN's performance was compared with the top-five algorithms of the 2016 International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) challenge.In level-I dermatologists achieved a mean (±standard deviation) sensitivity and specificity for lesion classification of 86.6% (±9.3%) and 71.3% (±11.2%), respectively. More clinical information (level-II) improved the sensitivity to 88.9% (±9.6%, P=0.19) and specificity to 75.7% (±11.7%, P<0.05). The CNN ROC curve revealed a higher specificity of 82.5% when compared with dermatologists in level-I (71.3%, P<0.01) and level-II (75.7%, P<0.01) at their sensitivities of 86.6% and 88.9%, respectively. The CNN ROC AUC was greater than the mean ROC area of dermatologists (0.86 versus 0.79, P<0.01). The CNN scored results close to the top three algorithms of the ISBI 2016 challenge.For the first time we compared a CNN's diagnostic performance with a large international group of 58 dermatologists, including 30 experts. Most dermatologists were outperformed by the CNN. Irrespective of any physicians' experience, they may benefit from assistance by a CNN's image classification.This study was registered at the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS-Study-ID: DRKS00013570; https://www.drks.de/drks_web/).
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| 47. |
- Jakus, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Improved survival of left ventricular assist device carriers in Europe according to implantation eras : results from the PCHF-VAD registry
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Heart Failure. - : Wiley. - 1388-9842 .- 1879-0844. ; 24:7, s. 1305-1315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Temporal changes in patient selection and major technological developments have occurred in the field of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), yet analyses depicting this trend are lacking for Europe. We describe the advances of European LVAD programmes from the PCHF-VAD registry across device implantation eras. Methods and results: Of 583 patients from 13 European centres in the registry, 556 patients (mean age 53 ± 12 years, 82% male) were eligible for this analysis. Patients were divided into eras (E) by date of LVAD implantation: E1 from December 2006 to December 2012 (6 years), E2 from January 2013 to January 2020 (7 years). Patients implanted more recently were older with more comorbidities, but less acutely ill. Receiving an LVAD in E2 was associated with improved 1-year survival in adjusted analysis (hazard ratio [HR] 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35–0.98; p = 0.043). LVAD implantation in E2 was associated with a significantly lower chance of heart transplantation (adjusted HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.23–0.67; p = 0.001), and lower risk of LVAD-related infections (adjusted HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.43–0.95; p = 0.027), both in unadjusted and adjusted analyses. The adjusted risk of haemocompatibility-related events decreased (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.39–0.91; p = 0.016), while heart failure-related events increased in E2 (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.02–2.75; p = 0.043). Conclusion: In an analysis depicting the evolving landscape of continuous-flow LVAD carriers in Europe over 13 years, a trend towards better survival was seen in recent years, despite older recipients with more comorbidities, potentially attributable to increasing expertise of LVAD centres, improved patient selection and pump technology. However, a smaller chance of undergoing heart transplantation was noted in the second era, underscoring the relevance of improved outcomes on LVAD support.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Leibiger, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Endolysosomal pathway activity protects cells from neurotoxic TDP-43
- 2018
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Ingår i: Microbial Cell. - : Shared Science Publishers OG. - 2311-2638. ; 5:4, s. 212-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The accumulation of protein aggregates in neurons is a typical pathological hallmark of the motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In many cases, these aggregates are composed of the 43 kDa TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP‑43). Using a yeast model for TDP‑43 proteinopathies, we observed that the vacuole (the yeast equivalent of lysosomes) markedly contributed to the degradation of TDP‑43. This clearance occurred via TDP‑43-containing vesicles fusing with the vacuole through the concerted action of the endosomal-vacuolar (or endolysosomal) pathway and autophagy. In line with its dominant role in the clearance of TDP‑43, endosomal-vacuolar pathway activity protected cells from the detrimental effects of TDP‑43. In contrast, enhanced autophagy contributed to TDP‑43 cytotoxicity, despite being involved in TDP‑43 degradation. TDP‑43’s interference with endosomal-vacuolar pathway activity may have two deleterious consequences. First, it interferes with its own degradation via this pathway, resulting in TDP‑43 accumulation. Second, it affects vacuolar proteolytic activity, which requires endosomal-vacuolar trafficking. We speculate that the latter contributes to aberrant autophagy. In sum, we propose that ameliorating endolysosomal pathway activity enhances cell survival in TDP‑43-associated diseases.
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| 50. |
- Leibiger, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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TDP-43 controls lysosomal pathways thereby determining its own clearance and cytotoxicity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 27:9, s. 1593-1607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- TDP-43 is a nuclear RNA-binding protein whose cytoplasmic accumulation is the pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). For a better understanding of this devastating disorder at the molecular level, it is important to identify cellular pathways involved in the clearance of detrimental TDP-43. Using a yeast model system, we systematically analyzed to which extent TDP-43-triggered cytotoxicity is modulated by conserved lysosomal clearance pathways. We observed that the lysosomal fusion machinery and the endolysosomal pathway, which are crucial for proper lysosomal function, were pivotal for survival of cells exposed to TDP-43. Interestingly, TDP-43 itself interfered with these critical TDP-43 clearance pathways. In contrast, autophagy played a complex role in this process. It contributed to the degradation of TDP-43 in the absence of endolysosomal pathway activity, but its induction also enhanced cell death. Thus, TDP-43 interfered with lysosomal function and its own degradation via lysosomal pathways, and triggered lethal autophagy. We propose that these effects critically contribute to cellular dysfunction in TDP-43 proteinopathies.
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