| 1. |
- Axelsson, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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The Early Chain of Care in Patients with Bacteraemia with the Emphasis on the Prehospital Setting
- 2016
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Ingår i: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1049-023X .- 1945-1938. ; 31:3, s. 272-277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a lack of knowledge about the early phase of severe infection. This report describes the early chain of care in bacteraemia as follows: (a) compare patients who were and were not transported by the Emergency Medical Services (EMS); (b) describe various aspects of the EMS chain; and (c) describe factors of importance for the delay to the start of intravenous antibiotics. It was hypothesized that, for patients with suspected sepsis judged by the EMS clinician, the delay until the onset of antibiotic treatment would be shorter.All patients in the Municipality of Gothenburg (Sweden) with a positive blood culture, when assessed at the Laboratory of Bacteriology in the Municipality of Gothenburg, from February 1 through April 30, 2012 took part in the survey.In all, 696 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Their mean age was 76 years and 52% were men. Of all patients, 308 (44%) had been in contact with the EMS and/or the emergency department (ED). Of these 308 patients, 232 (75%) were transported by the EMS and 188 (61%) had “true pathogens” in blood cultures. Patients who were transported by the EMS were older, included more men, and suffered from more severe symptoms and signs.The EMS nurse suspected sepsis in only six percent of the cases. These patients had a delay from arrival at hospital until the start of antibiotics of one hour and 19 minutes versus three hours and 21 minutes among the remaining patients (P =.0006). The corresponding figures for cases with “true pathogens” were one hour and 19 minutes versus three hours and 15 minutes (P =.009).Among patients with bacteraemia, 75% used the EMS, and these patients were older, included more men, and suffered from more severe symptoms and signs. The EMS nurse suspected sepsis in six percent of cases. Regardless of whether or not patients with true pathogens were isolated, a suspicion of sepsis by the EMS clinician at the scene was associated with a shorter delay to the start of antibiotic treatment.
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| 2. |
- Berntsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Ambulanssjukvården måste bli jämlik
- 2013
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Ingår i: Helsingborgs Dagblad. - Helsingborg : Helsingborgs Dagblad. - 1103-9388. ; 2013-06-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Skiftande vårdkvalité hotar patientsäkerheten inom ambulanssjukvården. Nu måste regeringen och Socialstyrelsen skapa nationella riktlinjer, skriver Nätverket för utbildning av ambulanssjuksköterskor .
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Frank, Catharina, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Ethics rounds in the ambulance service: a qualitative evaluation
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Ethics. - : Springer Nature. - 1472-6939. ; 25:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundIt is a common ethical challenge for ambulance clinicians to care for patients with impaired decision-making capacities while assessing and determining the degree of decision-making ability and considering ethical values. Ambulance clinicians’ ethical competence seems to be increasingly important in coping with such varied ethical dilemmas. Ethics rounds is a model designed to promote the development of ethical competence among clinicians. While standard in other contexts, to the best of our knowledge, it has not been applied within the ambulance service context. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe ambulance clinicians’ experiences of participating in ethics rounds.MethodsThis was a qualitative descriptive study, evaluating an intervention. Data were collected through sixteen interviews with ambulance clinicians who had participated in an intervention involving ethics rounds. The analysis was performed by use of content analysis.ResultsTwo themes describe the participants’ experiences: (1) Reflecting freely within a given framework, and (2) Being surprised by new insights. The following categories form the basis of the themes; 1a) Gentle guidance by the facilitator, 1b) A comprehensible structure, 2a) New awareness in the face of ethical problems, and 2b) Shared learning through dialogue.ConclusionIncorporating structured ethics rounds seems to create a continuous development in ethical competence that may improve the quality of care in the ambulance service. Structured guidance and facilitated group reflections offer ambulance clinicians opportunities for both personal and professional development. An important prerequisite for the development of ethical competence is a well-educated facilitator. Consequently, this type of ethics rounds may be considered a useful pedagogical model for the development of ethical competence in the ambulance service.
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| 5. |
- Ambjörnsson, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Prehospital suspicion and identification of adult septic patients : Experiences of a screening tool
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2nd Global Conference on Emergency Nursing and Trauma Care, Melia Sitges, September 22-24, 2016.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Sepsis is life threatening and requires urgent healthcare to reduce suffering and death. Therefore it is important that septic patients are identified early to enable treatment. Aim: To investigate to what extent EMS personnel identified patients with sepsis using the “BAS 90-30-90” model, and to describe assessments and medical procedures that were undertaken by the personnel.Methods: This was a retrospective study where 185 EMS medical records were reviewed. The inclusion was based on patients who were later diagnosed with sepsis in the hospital. Results: A physician assessed the patients in 74 of the EMS cases, which lead to exclusion of these records in regard to the EMS personnel’s ability to identify sepsis. The personnel documented suspicion of severe sepsis in eight (n=8) of the remaining 111 records (7.2%). The proportion of patients ˃65 years of age was 73% (n=135) of which 37% (n=50) were over 80 years old. Thirty-nine percent (39%, n=72) were females. The personnel documented blood pressure in 91% (n=168), respiratory rate in 76% (n=140), saturation in 100% (n=185), temperature in 76% (n=141), and heart rate in 94% (n=174) of the records. Systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg was documented in 14,2% (n=24), respiratory rate ˃30 in 36% (n=50), saturation <90 in 49% (n=91), temperature >38°C in 37.6% (n=53), and heart rate ˃90 in 70% (n=121) of the records. Documented medical procedures and treatments were intravenous lines (70%, n=130), intravenous fluids (10%, n=19) and administration of oxygen (72%, n=133).Conclusion: The EMS personnel identified only a few septic patients with the help of the BAS 90-30-90 model when all three criteria would be met for severe sepsis. Either advanced age (>65 years), fever (>38°C) or tachypnea (˃20 breaths/min) appeared to increase the personnel’s suspicion of sepsis. Oxygen, but not intravenous fluids, was given in an adequate way.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Ethics education to support ethical competence learning in healthcare : an integrative systematic review
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Ethics. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6939. ; 23
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Ethical problems in everyday healthcare work emerge for many reasons and constitute threats to ethi- cal values. If these threats are not managed appropriately, there is a risk that the patient may be inflicted with moral harm or injury, while healthcare professionals are at risk of feeling moral distress. Therefore, it is essential to support the learning and development of ethical competencies among healthcare professionals and students. The aim of this study was to explore the available literature regarding ethics education that promotes ethical competence learning for healthcare professionals and students undergoing training in healthcare professions.Methods: In this integrative systematic review, literature was searched within the PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycInfo databases using the search terms ‘health personnel’, ‘students’, ‘ethics’, ‘moral’, ‘simulation’, and ‘teaching’. In total, 40 arti- cles were selected for review. These articles included professionals from various healthcare professions and students who trained in these professions as subjects. The articles described participation in various forms of ethics education. Data were extracted and synthesised using thematic analysis.Results: The review identified the need for support to make ethical competence learning possible, which in the long run was considered to promote the ability to manage ethical problems. Ethical competence learning was found to be helpful to healthcare professionals and students in drawing attention to ethical problems that they were not previ- ously aware of. Dealing with ethical problems is primarily about reasoning about what is right and in the patient’s best interests, along with making decisions about what needs to be done in a specific situation.Conclusions: The review identified different designs and course content for ethics education to support ethical competence learning. The findings could be used to develop healthcare professionals’ and students’ readiness and capabilities to recognise as well as to respond appropriately to ethically problematic work situations.
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| 7. |
- Bennesved, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Ambulance clinicians’ understanding of older patients’ self-determination : A vignette study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nursing Ethics. - : Sage Publications. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 31:2-3, s. 342-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Older patients are often vulnerable and highly dependent on healthcare professionals’ assessment in the event of acute illness. In the context of ambulance services, this poses challenges as the assessment is normally conducted with a focus on identifying life-threatening conditions. Such assessment is not fully satisfactory in a patient relationship that also aims to promote and protect patient autonomy.Aim: To describe ambulance clinicians’ understanding of older patients’ self-determination when the pa- tient’s decision-making ability is impaired.Research design: A qualitative design with an inductive approach, guided by descriptive phenomenology.Participants: In total, 30 ambulance clinicians, comprised of 25 prehospital emergency nurses, 1 nurse and 4 emergency medical technicians participated in 15 dyadic interviews.Ethical considerations: The research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and permission was granted by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority.Findings: The findings are presented in two themes: (1) Movement between explicit and implicit will; and (2) Contradictions about the patient’s best interests. The clinicians’ interpretations are based on an understanding of the patient’s situation using substitute decision-making in emergency situations and conversations that reveal the patient’s explicit wishes. Sometimes the clinicians collaborate to validate the patient’s implicit will, while they at other times subordinate themselves to others’ opinions. The clinicians find themselves in conflict between personal values and organisational values as they try to protect the patient’s self-determination.Conclusion: The results indicate that older patients with an impaired decision-making ability risk losing the right to self-determination in the context of ambulance services. The clinicians face challenges that significantly affect their ability to handle the older patient’s unique needs based on a holistic perspective and their ability to be autonomous.
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| 8. |
- Bremer, Kåre, et al.
(författare)
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An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants
- 1998
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Ingår i: ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. - : MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. - 0026-6493. ; 85:4, s. 531-553
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent cladistic analyses are revealing the phylogeny of flowering plants in increasing detail, and there is support for the monophyly of many major groups above the family level. With many elements of the major branching sequence of phylogeny established
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| 9. |
- Fager, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Nurses' use of an advisory decision support system in ambulance services : A qualitative study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To illuminate from the perspective of nurses in ambulance services the experiences of using a web-based advisory decision support system to assess care needs and refer patients.Design: Inductive and descriptive approaches.Method: Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted in the spring of 2020. The data were analysed through the reflexive thematic analysis.Results: The Swedish web-based advisory decision support system (ADSS) was found to strengthen nurses' feelings of security when they assess patients' care needs, promote their competence and professional pride, and help them manage stress. However, the system also generated difficulties for nurses to adjust to the dynamic ambulance team and revealed a discrepancy between their professional roles and responsibilities to refer patients and provide self-care advice. The nurses thought that the support system facilitated their increased participation and helped them understand patients and significant others by offering transparency in assessment and decision making. Thus, the support system provides nurses with an opportunity to strengthen patients' independence through information and education. However, in the care relationship, nurses worked to overcome patients' expectations.Conclusion: Nurses using the ADSS increased their security while performing assessments and referrals and found new opportunities to provide information and promote understanding of their decisions. However, nursing care values can be threatened when new support systems are introduced, especially as ambulance services become increasingly protocol-driven.Implications for Profession and/or Patient Care: These findings have implications for nurses' work environments and help them maintain consistency in making medical assessments and in providing equivalent self-care advice when referring patients to the different levels of care. The findings will also impact researchers and policymakers who formulate decision support systems.Reporting Method: Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ).Patient or Public Contribution: None.
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| 10. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Suspicion and treatment of severe sepsis : An overview of the prehospital chain of care
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : BioMed Central. - 1757-7241. ; 20:42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSepsis is a life-threatening condition where the risk of death has been reported to be even higher than that associated with the major complications of atherosclerosis, i.e. myocardial infarction and stroke. In all three conditions, early treatment could limit organ dysfunction and thereby improve the prognosis.AimTo describe what has been published in the literature a/ with regard to the association between delay until start of treatment and outcome in sepsis with the emphasis on the pre-hospital phase and b/ to present published data and the opportunity to improve various links in the pre-hospital chain of care in sepsis.MethodsA literature search was performed on the PubMed, Embase (Ovid SP) and Cochrane Library databases.ResultsIn overall terms, we found a small number of articles (n=12 of 1,162 unique hits) which addressed the prehospital phase. For each hour of delay until the start of antibiotics, the prognosis appeared to become worse. However, there was no evidence that prehospital treatment improved the prognosis.Studies indicated that about half of the patients with severe sepsis used the emergency medical service (EMS) for transport to hospital. Patients who used the EMS experienced a shorter delay to treatment with antibiotics and the start of early goal-directed therapy (EGDT). Among EMS-transported patients, those in whom the EMS staff already suspected sepsis at the scene had a shorter delay to treatment with antibiotics and the start of EGDT.There are insufficient data on other links in the prehospital chain of care, i.e. patients, bystanders and dispatchers.ConclusionSevere sepsis is a life-threatening condition. Previous studies suggest that, with every hour of delay until the start of antibiotics, the prognosis deteriorates. About half of the patients use the EMS. We need to know more about the present situation with regard to the different links in the prehospital chain of care in sepsis.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Holmberg, Bodil, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Self-determination in older patients: Experiences from nurse-dominated ambulance services
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; , s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To describe ambulance clinicians' experiences of self-determination in older patients.Design: The study had an inductive and explorative design, guided from a life-world perspective.Methods: Thirty-two Swedish ambulance clinicians were interviewed in six focus groups in November 2019. The data were analysed with content analysis, developing manifest categories and latent themes.Findings: The ambulance clinicians assessed the older patients' exercise of self-determination by engaging in conversation and by being visually alert, to eventually gain an overall picture of their decision-making capacity. This assessment was used as a platform when informing older patients of their rights, thus promoting their participation in care. Having limited time and narrow guidelines counteracted ambulance clinicians' ambitions to support older patients' general desire to avoid hospitalization, which resulted in an urge to displace their responsibility to external decision-makers.Conclusion: Expectations that older patients with impaired decision-making ability will give homogeneous responses mean an increased risk of ageist attitudes with a simplified view of patient autonomy. Such attitudes risk the withholding of information about options that healthcare professionals do not wish older patients to choose. When decision-making is difficult, requests for expanded guidelines may paradoxically risk alienation from the professional nursing role.Implications and Impact: The findings show ambulance clinicians' unwillingness to shoulder their professional responsibility when encountering older patients with impaired decision-making ability. In assuming that all older patients reason in the same way, ambulance clinicians tend to adopt a simplistic and somewhat ageist approach when it comes to patient autonomy. This points to deficiencies in ethical competence, which is why increased ethics support is deemed suitable to promote and develop ethical competence. Such support can increase the ability to act as autonomous professionals in accordance with professional ethical codes.Reporting Method: This study adhered to COREQ guidelines.Patient and Public Contribution: None.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Jacobsson, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
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”Ambulanssjukvården behöver genomgripande förändringar”
- 2021
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Ingår i: Dagens Medicin. - : Dagens Medicin. - 1402-1943. ; :2021-06-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Debattörer från Ambulance health research network vill se en nationell ledningsstruktur, ökad evidens för vården, akademisk kompetens i ledningsfunktioner samt en nationell utbildnings- och kompetensstandard.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Sandlund, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Kontinuitet främjar personligt och professionellt ansvarstagade
- 2017
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Läkartidningen Förlag. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 114:42, s. 1-2
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Att utröna medicinska behov, fatta beslut och se dem genomförda är läkarens ansvar.För att få veta den enskilde patientens värderingar och önskemål krävs en förtroendefull relation med vårdgivaren. Kontinuitet förenklar skapandet av en sådan relation. Trots att kontinuitet är centralt är det inte ett mål i sig, utan bör betraktas som ett medel för att uppnå andra mål som följer av läkarens yrkesetik och lagstiftning.
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| 19. |
- Svensson, Anders, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Ambulance clinicians' attitudes to older patients' self-determination when the patient has impaired decision-making ability : a Delphi study
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Older People Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 1748-3735 .- 1748-3743. ; 17:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The proportion of older people is increasing and reflects in the demand on ambulance services (AS). Patients can be more vulnerable and increasingly dependent, especially when their decision-making ability is impaired. Self-determination in older people has a positive relation to quality of life and can raise ethical conflicts in AS. Hence, the aim of this study was to empirically explore attitudes among Swedish ambulance clinicians (ACs) regarding older patients ’self-determination in cases where patients have impaired decision-making ability, and who are in urgent need of care.Materials and methods: An explorative design was adopted. A Delphi technique was used, comprising four rounds, involving a group (N = 31) of prehospital emergency nurses (n = 14), registered nurses (n = 10) and emergency medical technicians (n = 7). Focus group conversations (Round 1) and questionnaires (Rounds 2–4) generated data. Round 1 was analyzed using manifest content analysis, which ultimately resulted in the creation of discrete items. Each item was rated with a five-point Likert scale together with free-text answers. Consensus (≥70%) was calculated by trichotomising the Likert scale.Results: Round 1 identified 108 items which were divided into four categories: (1) at- titudes regarding the patient (n = 35), (2) attitudes regarding the patient relationship (n = 8), (3) attitudes regarding oneself and one's colleagues (n = 45), and (4) attitudes regarding other involved factors (n = 20). In Rounds 2–4, one item was identified in the free text from Round 2, generating a total of 109 items. After four rounds, 72 items (62%) reached consensus.Conclusions: The findings highlight the complexity of ACs 'attitudes towards older patients' self-determination. The respect of older patients' self-determination is challenged by the patient, other healthcare personnel, significant others and / or colleagues. The study provided a unique opportunity to explore self-determination and shared decision-making. AS have to provide continued ethical training, for ex- ample to increase the use of simulation-based training or moral case deliberations in order to strengthen the ACs ’moral abilities within their professional practice.Implications for practice: Ambulance services must develop opportunities to pro- vide continued training within this topic. One option would be to increase the use of simulation-based training, focusing on ethical aspects of care. Another option might be to facilitate moral case deliberations to strengthen the ACs' abilities to manage these issues while being able to share experiences with peers. These types of interventions should illuminate the importance of the topic for the individual AC, which, in turn, may strengthen and develop the caring abilities within an integrated care team.
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| 20. |
- Svensson, Anders, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Response times in rural areas for emergency medical services, fire and rescue services and voluntary first responders during out-of-hospital cardiac arrests
- 2024
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Ingår i: Resuscitation Plus. - : Elsevier. - 2666-5204. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To increase survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA), great efforts are made to improve the number of voluntary first responders (VFR). However, evidence of the potential utility of such efforts is sparse, especially in rural areas. Therefore, the aim was to describe and compare response times for emergency medical services (EMS), fire and rescue services (FRS), and VFR during OHCA in relation to population density. Methods: This observational and comparative study was based on data including positions and time stamps for VFR and response times for EMS and FRS in a region in southern Sweden. Results: In total, 285 OHCAs between 1 July 2020 and 31 December 2021 were analysed. VFR had the shortest median response time in comparison to EMS and FRS in all studied population densities. The overall median (Q1–Q3) time gain for VFR was 03:07 (01:39–05:41) minutes. A small proportion (19.2%) of alerted VFR accepted the assignments. This is most problematic in rural and sub-rural areas, where there were low numbers of alerted VFR. Also, FRS had shorter response time than EMS in all studied population densities except in urban areas. Conclusion: The differences found in median response times between rural and urban areas are worrisome from an equality perspective. More focus should be placed on recruiting VFR, especially in rural areas since VFR can potentially contribute to saving more lives. Also, since FRS has a shorter response time than EMS in rural, sub-rural, and sub-urban areas, FRS should be dispatched more frequently.
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| 21. |
- Ågård, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Ethical controversies in the process of formulating new national guidelines on cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Ethics. - : Sage Publications. - 1477-7509 .- 1758-101X. ; 12:4, s. 174-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Delegation for Medical Ethics within the Swedish Society of Medicine has taken the initiative to create national ethical guidelines on cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The reasons behind this initiative were indications of differences in the way decisions about cardiopulmonary resuscitation were made and documented and requests expressed by health- care professionals for new national ethical guidelines. During the process of creating the guidelines, a number of work- shops were held with representatives from the delegation and clinical experts from various branches of medicine. Several versions of the working document were sent to consultation bodies with requests for comments. We therefore believe that the final guidelines are well supported by the medical profession in Sweden. The purpose of this article is to present ethical issues on which it was difficult to reach consensus due to divergent opinions expressed by the people and organisations involved. The arguments for and against a particular point of view or wording in the text are presented. The main controversies were related to the following six issues; Determining whether or not cardiopulmonary resus- citation is beneficial for the patient – The presence of close loved ones during cardiopulmonary resuscitation – Performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation for the benefit of people other than the patient – Ambulance personnel’s mandate to decide not to initiate and to terminate cardiopulmonary resuscitation outside hospital – Limiting the length and content of cardiopulmonary resuscitation – Whether or not to specify a week of gestation before which cardio- pulmonary resuscitation should not be started.
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| 22. |
- Ågård, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Ethical controversies when formulating new national guidelines on cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Ethics. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-7509 .- 1758-101X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Delegation for Medical Ethics within the Swedish Society of Medicine has taken the initiative to create national ethical guidelines on cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The reasons behind this initiative were indications of differences in the way decisions about cardiopulmonary resuscitation were made and documented and requests expressed by health- care professionals for new national ethical guidelines. During the process of creating the guidelines, a number of work- shops were held with representatives from the delegation and clinical experts from various branches of medicine. Several versions of the working document were sent to consultation bodies with requests for comments. We therefore believe that the final guidelines are well supported by the medical profession in Sweden. The purpose of this article is to present ethical issues on which it was difficult to reach consensus due to divergent opinions expressed by the people and organisations involved. The arguments for and against a particular point of view or wording in the text are presented. The main controversies were related to the following six issues; Determining whether or not cardiopulmonary resus- citation is beneficial for the patient – The presence of close loved ones during cardiopulmonary resuscitation – Performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation for the benefit of people other than the patient – Ambulance personnel’s mandate to decide not to initiate and to terminate cardiopulmonary resuscitation outside hospital – Limiting the length and content of cardiopulmonary resuscitation – Whether or not to specify a week of gestation before which cardio- pulmonary resuscitation should not be started.
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| 37. |
- Agerström, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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All else equal : Examining treatment bias and stereotypes based on patient ethnicity and socioeconomic status using in-hospital cardiac arrest clinical vignettes
- 2024
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Ingår i: Heart and Lung. - : MOSBY-ELSEVIER. - 0147-9563 .- 1527-3288. ; 63, s. 86-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Research on ethnic and socioeconomic treatment differences following in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) largely draws on register data. Due to the correlational nature of such data, it cannot be concluded whether detected differences reflect treatment bias/discrimination – whereby otherwise identical patients are treated differently solely due to sociodemographic factors. To be able to establish discrimination, experimental research is needed. Objective: The primary aim of this experimental study was to examine whether simulated IHCA patients receive different treatment recommendations based on ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES), holding all other factors (e.g., health status) constant. Another aim was to examine health care professionals’ (HCP) stereotypical beliefs about these groups. Methods: HCP (N = 235) working in acute care made anonymous treatment recommendations while reading IHCA clinical vignettes wherein the patient's ethnicity (Swedish vs. Middle Eastern) and SES had been manipulated. Afterwards they estimated to what extent hospital staff associate these patient groups with certain traits (stereotypes). Results: No significant differences in treatment recommendations for Swedish versus Middle Eastern or high versus low SES patients were found. Reported stereotypes about Middle Eastern patients were uniformly negative. SES-related stereotypes, however, were mixed. High SES patients were believed to be more competent (e.g., respected), but less warm (e.g., friendly) than low SES patients. Conclusions: Swedish HCP do not seem to discriminate against patients with Middle Eastern or low SES backgrounds when recommending treatment for simulated IHCA cases, despite the existence of negative stereotypes about these groups. Implications for health care equality and quality are discussed.
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| 38. |
- Agerström, Jens, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Discriminatory cardiac arrest care? : Patients with low socioeconomic status receive delayed cardiopulmonary resuscitation and are less likely to survive an in-hospital cardiac arrest
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 42:8, s. 861-869
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES) face widespread prejudice in society. Whether SES disparities exist in treatment and survival following in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is unclear. The aim of the current retrospective registry study was to examine SES disparities in IHCA treatment and survival, assessing SES at the patient level, and adjusting for major demographic, clinical, and contextual factors.Methods and results: In total, 24 217 IHCAs from the Swedish Register of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation were analysed. Education and income constituted SES proxies. Controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, comorbidity, heart rhythm, aetiology, hospital, and year, primary analyses showed that high (vs. low) SES patients were significantly less likely to receive delayed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (highly educated: OR = 0.89, and high income: OR = 0.98). Furthermore, patients with high SES were significantly more likely to survive CPR (high income: OR = 1.02), to survive to hospital discharge with good neurological outcome (highly educated: OR = 1.27; high income: OR = 1.06), and to survive to 30 days (highly educated: OR = 1.21; and high income: OR = 1.05). Secondary analyses showed that patients with high SES were also significantly more likely to receive prophylactic heart rhythm monitoring (highly educated: OR = 1.16; high income: OR = 1.02), and this seems to partially explain the observed SES differences in CPR delay.Conclusion: There are clear SES differences in IHCA treatment and survival, even when controlling for major sociodemographic, clinical, and contextual factors. This suggests that patients with low SES could be subject to discrimination when suffering IHCA.
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| 39. |
- Agerström, Jens, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment and survival following in-hospital cardiac arrest : does patient ethnicity matter?
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS : Previous research on racial/ethnic disparities in relation to cardiac arrest has mainly focused on black vs. white disparities in the USA. The great majority of these studies concerns out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The current nationwide registry study aims to explore whether there are ethnic differences in treatment and survival following in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), examining possible disparities towards Middle Eastern and African minorities in a European context.METHODS AND RESULTS: In this retrospective registry study, 24 217 patients from the IHCA part of the Swedish Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation were included. Data on patient ethnicity were obtained from Statistics Sweden. Regression analysis was performed to assess the impact of ethnicity on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) delay, CPR duration, survival immediately after CPR, and the medical team's reported satisfaction with the treatment. Middle Eastern and African patients were not treated significantly different compared to Nordic patients when controlling for hospital, year, age, sex, socioeconomic status, comorbidity, aetiology, and initial heart rhythm. Interestingly, we find that Middle Eastern patients were more likely to survive than Nordic patients (odds ratio = 1.52).CONCLUSION: Overall, hospital staff do not appear to treat IHCA patients differently based on their ethnicity. Nevertheless, Middle Eastern patients are more likely to survive IHCA.
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| 40. |
- Andersson, Henrik, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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The early chain of care in bacteraemia patients: Early suspicion, treatment and survival in prehospital emergency care
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Emergency Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0735-6757 .- 1532-8171. ; 36:12, s. 2211-2218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Bacteraemia is a first stage for patients risking conditions such as septic shock. The primary aim of this study is to describe factors in the early chain of care in bacteraemia, factors associated with increased chance of survival during the subsequent 28 days after admission to hospital. Furthermore, the long-term outcome was assessed. Methods: This study has a quantitative design based on data from Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and hospital records. Results: In all, 961 patients were included in the study. Of these patients, 13.5% died during the first 28 days. The EMS was more frequently used by non-survivors. Among patients who used the EMS, the suspicion of sepsis already on scene was more frequent in survivors. Similarly, EMS personnel noted the ESS code "fever, infection" more frequently for survivors upon arriving on scene. The delay time from call to the EMS and admission to hospital until start of antibiotics was similar in survivors and non-survivors. The five-year mortality rate was 50.8%. Five-year mortality was 62.6% among those who used the EMS and 29.5% among those who did not (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: This study shows that among patients with bacteraemia who used the EMS, an early suspicion of sepsis or fever/infection was associated with improved early survival whereas the delay time from call to the EMS and admission to hospital until start of treatment with antibiotics was not. 50.8% of all patients were dead after five years. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 41. |
- Axelsson, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Nationella regler krävs för ambulanssjukvård
- 2011
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ambulanssjukvården i Sverige saknar nationella riktlinjer. En konsekvens av detta är brister i tillgängligheten vilket fått allvarliga konsekvenser för flera personer under den senaste tiden. En av dem är Maximilian och hans mamma som blev påkörda på trottoaren av en 23-årig förare som hade tappat kontrollen över sin bil. Det tog nästan en timme innan pojken flögs till sjukhus med helikopter från olycksplatsen på Tjörn utanför Stenungsund. Maximilian blev bara tio veckor.
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| 42. |
- Axelsson, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Nationella regler krävs för ambulanssjukvård
- 2011
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; :2011-11-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- I Sverige är det upp till varje landsting att bestämma hur snabbt en ambulans ska vara på plats. I stället borde det finnas nationella riktlinjer kring hur tillgängligheten ska se ut, skriver flera ambulanssjuksköterskor.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Bertilsson, Emilie, et al.
(författare)
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Usage of do-not-attempt-to-resuscitate orders in a Swedish community hospital : patient involvement, documentation and compliance
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Ethics. - : Springer. - 1472-6939. ; 21:1, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To characterize patients dying in a community hospital with or without attempting cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and to describe patient involvement in, documentation of, and compliance with decisions on resuscitation (Do-not-attempt-to-resuscitate orders; DNAR).Methods: All patients who died in Kalmar County Hospital during January 1, 2016 until December 31, 2016 were included. All information from the patients’ electronic chart was analysed.Results: Of 660 patients (mean age 77.7 ± 12.1 years; range 21–101; median 79; 321 (48.6%) female), 30 (4.5%) were pronounced dead in the emergency department after out-of-hospital CPR. Of the remaining 630 patients a DNAR order had been documented in 558 patients (88.6%). Seventy had no DNAR order and 2 an explicit order to do CPR. In 43 of these 70 patients CPR was unsuccessfully attempted while the remaining 27 patients died without attempting CPR. In 2 of 558 (0.36%) patients CPR was attempted despite a DNAR order in place. In 412 patients (73.8%) the DNAR order had not been discussed with neither patient nor family/friends. Moreover, in 75 cases (13.4%) neither patient nor family/friends were even informed about the decision on code status.Conclusions: In general, a large percentage of patients in our study had a DNAR order in place (88.6%). However, 27 patients (4.3%) died without CPR attempt or DNAR order. DNAR orders had not been discussed with the patient/surrogate in almost three fourths of the patients. Further work has to be done to elucidate the barriers to discussions of CPR decisions with the patient.
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| 48. |
- Bremer, Anders, Docent, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Ambulance nurse students’ experiences of ethical problems in patient-relationships
- 2019
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Ingår i: Presented at the 3rd NCCS/EACS Conference: "Sustainable Caring for Health and Wellbeing", Vaasa, Finland, October 1-3, 2019.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Ambulance nurse education in Sweden is a one-year master’s degree program for registered nurses leading to a postgraduate diploma in specialist nursing. Ambulance nurses face unpredictable and ethically challenging situations with multi-dimensional suffering, requiring the ability to provide medical care and simultaneously creating a trustful relationship. Students undergoing their specialist education face the same challenges.Aim: The aim was to describe ambulance nurse students’ (ANS) experiences of ethical problems in patient relationships during clinical studies.Method: Written exams (n=69) in ANS’ clinical placements studies were collected between 2014- 2016 in three courses. In the exam the ANS were asked to describe and problematize a selfexperienced ethical problem in the care relationship with a specific patient. The thematic analysis commenced with being familiarized with the text as a whole before condensation and coding. The exams were read and re-read several times. After coding followed further analysis, re-analysis and validation in several linear and circular steps to finally compile sub-themes and themes.Results: Ethical problems emerged as six themes; 1) Insecurity in considering patient autonomy, 2) Conflicting assessments of the patients best, 3) Inadequate access to patient narratives, 4) Absence of trustful relationships, 5) Disturbance of patient focus and 6) Limited possibility to provide proper care.Conclusions and implications: The result emphasizes ethical problem within patient-relationships in the ambulance care as multifaceted and strongly connected to patient’s autonomy. Outgoing from the results an intervention project regarding older patients’ autonomy in ambulance care started in January 2019.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Bremer, Anders, 1957-
(författare)
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Ambulanssjukvård mellan liv och död : ett etiskt perspektiv
- 2009
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Ingår i: Vårdvetenskapens dag, Växjö universitet.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Patienters hjärtstopp utanför sjukhus orsakar lidande och död. Det påverkar även närståendes fortsatta livssituation. Bakgrund: För ambulanspersonal kan det vara svårt ta etiskt riktiga beslut vid vård av patient med hjärtstopp. I balansen mellan nytta och risk med återuppliv-ning är det svårt att avgöra vad som är rätt eller fel och när det är meningslöst eller emot patientens vilja. De drabbades erfarenheter, och ett normativt per-spektiv, kan bidra med kunskap om vad etiskt god vård vid hjärtstopp kan vara. Syfte: Att beskriva vad det innebär att överleva hjärtstopp utanför sjukhus re-spektive närvara vid närståendes hjärtstopp, samt belysa de etiska aspekter och problem som framträder. Metod: Kvalitativa intervjuer med fenomenologisk livsvärldsansats. Nio över-levande patienter och sju närstående intervjuades. Resultat: Överlevande patienter beskriver hur ogripbart det är att drabbas av hjärtstopp och hur uppvaknandet ur medvetslösheten innebär vilsenhet och för-lust av sammanhang. Efteråt, via andra människors berättelser och egna minnen, söker överlevande efter sammanhang så att händelsen och livssituationen kan ges mening och förklaring till tankar, känslor och upplevelser. I det fortsatta li-vet finns existentiell otrygghet där identiteten och meningen i livet omvärderas i takt med en växande insikt om hur kroppen påverkats. Där finns tacksamhet och glädje över välbefinnande och trygghet i ett förändrat liv där det passerade livs-hotet införlivas i ett liv där nära relationer blivit viktigare. Närstående upplever patientens hjärtstopp som overkligt. Tiden tycks stanna upp. Samtidigt är verk-ligheten extremt påtaglig med ett överväldigande, ensamt ansvar med känsla av otillräcklighet. Ambulanspersonalens ankomst väcker närståendes hopp om att patienten ska överleva, samtidigt som allt är kaotiskt, ångestfyllt och omtumlan-de då närstående kastas mellan hopp och misströstan. Livets grundvalar skakas om. Efter händelsen finns frågor och oro. Närståendes ensamhet i sorg eller oro för den överlevandes framtid, riskerar att leda till uppoffringar av egna behov. Slutsats: I det akuta skedet är det svårt att avgöra om patienten kan räddas till ett fortsatt acceptabelt liv varför återupplivningsförsök bör göras vid behand-lingsbara hjärtstopp. Undantagsvis är det rätt att avstå från, eller avbryta, åter-upplivning och vid förekomst av giltigt förhandsdirektiv är det primära att främ-ja en värdig död. Ambulanssjuksköterskor kan antas kunna ta ett utökat etiskt ansvar när det gäller beslutsrätten att avstå/avbryta återupplivning vid hjärtstopp och i eftervården av överlevande patienter kan ambulanspersonal hjälpa till att återskapa förlorade sammanhang. Ett rimligt vårdansvar för närstående är att ge stöd i krissituationen, dels under pågående återupplivning och dels då patienten avlidit. Däremot är hjärtlungräddning utförd som en ritual för närstående skull inte att betrakta som ett gott akut vårdande.
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