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- Corthay, Alexandre, et al.
(författare)
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Epitope glycosylation plays a critical role for T cell recognition of type II collagen in collagen-induced arthritis
- 1998
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Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - 1521-4141. ; 28:8, s. 2580-2590
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunization of mice with type II collagen (CII) leads to collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a model for rheumatoid arthritis. T cell recognition of CII is believed to be a critical step in CIA development. We have analyzed the T cell determinants on CII and the TCR used for their recognition, using twenty-nine T cell hybridomas derived from C3H.Q and DBA/1 mice immunized with rat CII. All hybridomas were specific for the CII(256-270) segment. However, posttranslational modifications (hydroxylation and variable O-linked glycosylation) of the lysine at position 264 generated five T cell determinants that were specifically recognized by different T cell hybridoma subsets. TCR sequencing indicated that each of the five T cell epitopes selected its own TCR repertoire. The physiological relevance of this observation was shown by in vivo antibody-driven depletion of TCR Valpha2-positive T cells, which resulted in an inhibition of the T cell proliferative response in vitro towards the non-modified CII(256-270), but not towards the glycosylated epitope. Most hybridomas (20/29) specifically recognized CII(256-270) glycosylated with a monosaccharide (beta-D-galactopyranose). We conclude that this glycopeptide is immunodominant in CIA and that posttranslational modifications of CII create new T cell determinants that generate a diverse TCR repertoire.
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- Magnussen, Freddy, et al.
(författare)
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Iron losses in salient permanent magnet machines at field-weakening operation : COVERING THEORY TO PRACTICE
- 2004
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Ingår i: CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2004 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: COVERING THEORY TO PRACTICE. - NEW YORK, NY : IEEE. - 0780384865 ; , s. 40-47
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Permanent magnet machines for electric vehicles are often designed with a magnetic saliency to improve the torque generation as a result of the reluctance torque at field-weakening operation. The armature reaction is pronounced in such operation, leading to extensive magnetic field harmonics in the teeth and consequently iron losses. This paper analyses the iron losses in two designed machine topologies, inset and interior permanent magnet rotor structures, by measurements and finite element method computations. The measurements and calculations are performed on three prototypes-one with an in set design and two with an equal interior design, but different laminated stator core sheet thickness of 0,35 and 0,20 mm, respectively. The three machines have the same stator designs and water-cooled housings.
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