| 1. |
- Abdellah, Tebani, et al.
(author)
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Integration of molecular profiles in a longitudinal wellness profiling cohort.
- 2020
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In: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An important aspect of precision medicine is to probe the stability in molecular profiles among healthy individuals over time. Here, we sample a longitudinal wellness cohort with 100 healthy individuals and analyze blood molecular profiles including proteomics, transcriptomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, autoantibodies andimmune cell profiling, complementedwith gut microbiota composition and routine clinical chemistry. Overall, our results show high variation between individuals across different molecular readouts, while the intra-individual baseline variation is low. The analyses show that each individual has a unique and stable plasma protein profile throughout the study period and that many individuals also show distinct profiles with regards to the other omics datasets, with strong underlying connections between the blood proteome and the clinical chemistry parameters. In conclusion, the results support an individual-based definition of health and show that comprehensive omics profiling in a longitudinal manner is a path forward for precision medicine.
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| 2. |
- Arnbjörnsson, Einar, et al.
(author)
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Changes in hospital costs for an appendectomy : 1955, 1965, and 1975
- 1983
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In: The American Journal of Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9610. ; 146:3, s. 342-345
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A reduction in the number of postoperative bed days for patients who underwent appendectomy led to a study of changes in hospital costs of appendectomies for the years 1955, and 1965, and 1975. No significant changes were found in the total hospital costs. However, the postoperative costs decreased by 36 percent from 1955 to 1975 due to a decrease in the mean duration of hospital stay. During the same period of time, the perioperative costs increased by 90 percent due to increased length of operation time correlated with an increasing proportion of inexperienced operating surgeons. At present, there seem to be few possible ways to increase the cost efficiency of treating appendicitis.
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| 3. |
- Bartsch, Hans, et al.
(author)
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Tvåvingar – Diptera
- 2010
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In: Rödlistade arter i Sverige 2010 – The 2010 Red List of Swedish Species. - 9789188506351 ; , s. 393-410
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Brodin, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Inhaled ciclesonide in adults hospitalised with COVID-19 : a randomised controlled open-label trial (HALT COVID-19)
- 2023
-
In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 13:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of inhaled ciclesonide in reducing the duration of oxygen therapy (an indicator of time to clinical improvement) among adults hospitalised with COVID-19.DESIGN: Multicentre, randomised, controlled, open-label trial.SETTING: 9 hospitals (3 academic hospitals and 6 non-academic hospitals) in Sweden between 1 June 2020 and 17 May 2021.PARTICIPANTS: Adults hospitalised with COVID-19 and receiving oxygen therapy.INTERVENTION: Inhaled ciclesonide 320 µg two times a day for 14 days versus standard care.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome was duration of oxygen therapy, an indicator of time to clinical improvement. Key secondary outcome was a composite of invasive mechanical ventilation/death.RESULTS: Data from 98 participants were analysed (48 receiving ciclesonide and 50 receiving standard care; median (IQR) age, 59.5 (49-67) years; 67 (68%) men). Median (IQR) duration of oxygen therapy was 5.5 (3-9) days in the ciclesonide group and 4 (2-7) days in the standard care group (HR for termination of oxygen therapy 0.73 (95% CI 0.47 to 1.11), with the upper 95% CI being compatible with a 10% relative reduction in oxygen therapy duration, corresponding to a <1 day absolute reduction in a post-hoc calculation). Three participants in each group died/received invasive mechanical ventilation (HR 0.90 (95% CI 0.15 to 5.32)). The trial was discontinued early due to slow enrolment.CONCLUSIONS: In patients hospitalised with COVID-19 receiving oxygen therapy, this trial ruled out, with 0.95 confidence, a treatment effect of ciclesonide corresponding to more than a 1 day reduction in duration of oxygen therapy. Ciclesonide is unlikely to improve this outcome meaningfully.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04381364.
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| 6. |
- Brodin, Nina, et al.
(author)
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“it’s like listening to the radio with a little interference” : a qualitative study describing pain management among patients with psoriatic arthritis
- 2023
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In: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 12:23
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pain is one of the most important areas to focus on in the assessment and treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and treatment should be individualized and based on the needs of the patient. Therefore, our aim was to explore and describe the management of pain among patients with PsA. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 participants with PsA (3 men and 8 women) and used qualitative content analysis to analyze the text. The results showed a main overarching theme of meaning and three subthemes. They were ‘Taking charge of life despite the constant murmur of pain’ through ‘Sorting out vulnerability’, ‘Reaching acceptance and engagement’, and ‘Directing focus to change’. Nine categories further described the components of pain management: ‘face uncertainty for the future, ‘consider restrictions’, ‘illuminate the invisible’, ‘increase awareness’, ‘find a permissive environment and social support’, ‘enhance inner endurance’, ‘reformulate emotions and thoughts’, ‘use distracting activities’, and ‘adjust activities’. The action components of pain management interpreted from a theoretical perspective highlight the importance for the patients of attaining the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs, i.e., competence, autonomy, and relatedness. Health professionals therefore need to increase the skills required for needs-supportive behaviors as well as facilitating spouse and peer support in the management of pain in PsA.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Erlandsson, Björn-Erik, et al.
(author)
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Medicinsk säkerhet
- 2016. - 3
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In: Anestesi. - Stockholm : Liber AB. - 9789147100545 ; , s. 168-173
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 9. |
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Exhibition: Space Waves and a Tale : Hannes Alfvén (1908–1995). Nobel Prize laureate in physics 1970.
- 2022
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Artistic workabstract
- The exhibition Space Waves and a Tale presented parts of Alfvén's extensive research, his community engagement and last but not least, his fictional story The tale of the great computing machine from 1966. In 1970 KTH professor Hannes Alfvén (1908 – 1995) was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for his discoveries and applications in plasma physics. The exhibition Space Waves and a Tale presented parts of Alfvén's extensive research, his community engagement and his fictional story The tale of the great computing machine from 1966.Alfvén's research allow us to explore all corners of the universe – from the auroras on earth to the auroras on other planets, from solar wind to stellar wind, from plasma phenomena in the laboratory to astrophysical plasma phenomena in ours and other galaxies.The tale of the great computing machine is a satirical tale that tells the story of a future society controlled by computers and is also the source of inspiration for an opera with the same name.As part of the exhibition Space Waves and a Tale visitors were invited to share their visions of how future technology will shape our lives and societies. Two students from the KTH School of Architecture have contributed to the exhibition by designing and building a flexible and sustainable exhibition module. Students from BOOMERANG REXUS participated with objects related to aerospace research.Space Waves and a Tale was produced by the project group for KTH 200 years anniversary celebration together with KTH Library, The Opera: The Tale of the Great Computing Machine, the Division of Space and Plasma Physics and the KTH School of Architecture.In connection with the exhibithion there was a book discussion, popular science lecture and a class visit.
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| 10. |
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Fear of an unFAIR planet : Welcome to an exhibition that demonstrates the path to FAIR data and open access to research
- 2023
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Artistic workabstract
- The world faces significant challenges, and research is essential in finding solutions. One obstacle is that much of the research results and data are locked behind paywalls or otherwise hidden, and not accessible to a broader audience. Who knows what advancements and groundbreaking discoveries we are missing due to this confinement? The goal should be to make as much research data and results as open and available as possible. The question is: how do we get there?Openness is crucial for addressing today’s major issues, such as the climate crisis, and is about global justice. A recent example of what shared and accessible data can contribute to is the rapid development of new vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. What other challenges can we solve together with the help of open and accessible research data? Do we need to fear an unFAIR world?
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Larsson, Johan, 1972-
(author)
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Development of suppliers and supply chains : Supplier development as a purchasing strategy
- 2005
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Purchasing is a function that has developed form a more clerical function to a function of strategic importance over the last 20 years. As a result of this development we have observed that many fi rms engage in supplier development activities as a part of their purchasing strategy. This thesis consists of four different essays describing various aspects of supplier development and an essay that summarise and connects the four essays as well as giving a broad introduction to the fi eld of research. Small and medium sized firms are of special interest when studying supplier or supply chain since they are important links in their supply chains but have fewer resources and therefore limited possibilities to develop by themselves. In the thesis three of the essays describe different ways in which this can be conducted. Positive benefits from supplier and supply chain development reported in the thesis are lower costs, shorter lead times, increased competence and an overall improved competitiveness.
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| 15. |
- Mattsson, C. Mikael, et al.
(author)
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No evidence of cardiac fatigue in tissue velocity curves at rest after 6 days of ultra-endurance exercise
- 2010
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In: European Heart Journal (2010) 31 (Abstract Supplement), 304-305. - : Oxford Journals. ; , s. 304-305
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate if extreme workload would induce signs of cardiac fatigue similar to that in skeletal muscle, e.g. decreased velocity of contraction. Methods: The subjects were 12 men and 3 women who participated in the Adventure Racing World Championship, a 5-7 days non-stop competition open for mixed gender teams of four. All subjects were healthy, well-trained ultra-endurance athletes with experince from several years of training and competition at international elite level. Measurements of the heart's contraction velocities were conducted using tissue Doppler imaging (VIVID7) in a resting situation at baseline, immediately after the race, and after 24 hours of recovery. Results: Characteristics for the subjects were at baseline (mean ± SD, for men and women): age 30±3 and 27±4; interventricular septal thickness 10.5±0.7 and 8.0±0.0 mm; left ventricular end-diastolic diameter 54.4±3.4 and 45.0±3.0 mm; posterior wall thickness 10.4±0.9 and 8.0±1.0 mm; early to late diastolic filling velocity (E/A) 2.3±0.6 and 2.2±0.2. Exercise duration was approx. 150 hours, and the calculated average work intensity was 40% of respective VO2peak, including time for rest, change of equipment, and food intake. Values of contraction velocities are presented in the table. Conclusions: All athletes had normally sized hearts. Based on contraction velocities we found no evidence of cardiac fatigue after ultra-endurance exercise. A difference compared to studies that found cardiac fatigue in other sports (e.g. marathon, triathlon) is that even though our population exercised for an extreme duration the average intensity was low. This might point towards that exercise intensity, not duration, is the primary source for cardiac fatigue.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Mårtensson, Mattias, et al.
(author)
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High incidence of defective ultrasound transducers in use in routine clinical practice
- 2009
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In: European Journal of Echocardiography. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1525-2167 .- 1532-2114. ; 10:3, s. 389-394
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective was to evaluate the function of ultrasound transducers in use in routine clinical practice and thereby estimating the incidence of defective transducers. The study comprised a one-time test of 676 transducers from 7 manufacturers which were in daily use in clinical departments at 32 hospitals. They were tested with the Sonora FirstCall Test System; 39.8% exhibited a transducer error. Delamination was detected in 26.5% and break in the cable was detected in 8.4% of the tested transducers. Errors originating from the piezoelectrical elements were unusual. Delamination and short circuit occurred without significant differences between transducers from all tested manufacturers, but the errors break in the cable, weak and dead element showed a statistically significant higher frequency in transducers from certain manufacturers. The high error frequency and the risk for incorrect medical decisions when using a defective transducer indicate an urgent need for increased testing of the transducers in clinical departments.
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| 19. |
- Oskarsson, Björn, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Investigation method – a key skill in logistics education?
- 2013
-
In: Digital proceedings of the 25<sup>th</sup> NOFOMA Conference. - 9789198097337 ; , s. 1-16
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose – Structured investigations is important as a prerequisite when entering change projects. Investigation method is a valuable skill among logistics practitioners. Therefore, it is desired that logistics students learn investigation method during their studies. It is however not clear what investigation method is. The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework for describing investigation method.Design/methodology/approach – The framework was created with inspiration from literature. It was then used to examine to what extent investigation method was learned in a specific logistics education at master level. The course curriculum and intended learning outcomes were studied and compared with the students’ perceptions, gathered through a questionnaire to 47 students at the end of their logistics studies.Findings – The proposed framework was successfully tested. The results indicate that students have gained good skills within investigation method. They point out projects in various forms as being most useful for their learning.Research limitations/implications - The study was performed on one specific case, and should be expanded to a wider range of logistics educational programmes, in order to reach more reliable findings.Practical implications – This study is rather a starting point for research that can be of high relevance for how to design and conduct logistics education, and that might lead to graduates better prepared for conducting investigations. Originality/value - Research into general pedagogical aspects related to logistics is only sparsely addressed in research, in which the role of investigation method is mostly ignored. This paper aims at putting investigation method on the ‘skill agenda’ for logistics education.
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| 20. |
- Oskarsson, Björn, et al.
(author)
-
Investigation Methodology in Logistics : A Framework
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Investigation methodology is a valuable skill among logistics practitioners, since a structured investigation is a prerequisite when entering change projects. Therefore, it is desired that logistics students learn investigation methodology during their studies. It is however not clear what investigation methodology is, which makes it difficult to teach the subject, and to evaluate the students’ learning. The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework for describing investigation methodology.The framework was developed based on literature, and its validity was tested on a case university by the means of focus group discussions with logistics educators, and a questionnaire to 83 students at the end of their logistics studies.The proposed framework consists of nine components considered important when describing a structured investigation methodology. The tests indicate that the proposed framework is valuable for describing and evaluating program and course curricula, as well as for evaluating students’ learning of investigation methodology.The framework was tested on a single case. To reach more reliable findings, a wider range of logistics educational programmes should be studied.This study is a starting point for research within investigation methodology, that can be of high relevance for how to design and conduct logistics education, which might lead to graduates better prepared for conducting investigations.Research on pedagogical aspects related to logistics is sparsely addressed in research, and the role of investigation methodology is mostly ignored. This paper aims at putting investigation methodology on the ‘skill agenda’ for logistics education.
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| 21. |
- Oskarsson, Björn, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Systems Thinking in a Mechanical Engineering Program
- 2022
-
In: The 18th International CDIO Conference.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In engineering programs, systems thinking capability has been promoted for a long time. The capability of students to apply various systems thinking approaches is not only supported by educational staff, but also highly required by various employers. The aim of the study is to investigate the inclusion of systems thinking aspects in the Mechanical Engineering program at Linköping University. Two research questions address this aim. According to involved teachers, (1) What aspects of systems thinking are included in the Master Program in Mechanical Engineering?, and (2) What teaching and learning activities concerning systems thinking are included in the Master Program in Mechanical Engineering? Empirical data was gathered through focus group interviews with involved teachers from two Master profiles. The results indicate that systems thinking is present in the respective Master profiles, however not explicitly communicated with the students. Systems thinking is often coupled with disciplinary knowledge, which supports CDIO standard 3. Some examples of how systems thinking is taught relating to disciplinary knowledge (CDIO standard 7) were presented by the teachers. Examples of teaching activities specifically aimed at systems thinking were however missing, alongside examination of systems thinking in particular.
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| 22. |
- Oskarsson, Björn, 1964-
(author)
-
Total Cost Analysis in Logistics : Practical Execution, Learning, and Teaching in Higher Education
- 2019
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Cost is considered a crucial factor in much decision-making in private and public organisations. Therefore, the ability to calculate total estimated costs for different alternatives is important. However, such total cost analysis is a challenging task. Providing students with the knowledge and skills needed for total cost analysis is therefore relevant in several disciplines within higher education.Within logistics management, total cost analysis is for decades by several scholars regarded as a ‘cornerstone’, a fundamental part of the discipline. However, except for describing the basic steps and presumptions, the literature does not give much support concerning how to conduct such analyses, or which the difficulties associated with total cost analysis are. This blank space in literature is not limited to the logistics discipline, it stretches throughout many disciplines. Neither does literature cover how to teach to support students’ learning of total cost analysis.Hence, to address the lack of research, the purpose of this thesis was formulated as follows: To contribute to the understanding of conducting, learning, and teaching total cost analysis.Three research questions were shaped to address each part of the purpose: conducting, learning and teaching.RQ1 What challenges are connected to the process of conducting total cost analysis?RQ2 What thresholds are there for learning how to conduct total cost analysis?RQ3 How can total cost learning be supported by suitable educational methods?The research questions are connected to each other in the sense that the challenges of conducting total cost analysis (RQ1) indicate within which areas total cost learning is difficult, and thereby where thresholds are to be investigated (RQ2). Further, knowledge about the learning thresholds is needed to discuss suitable educational activities (RQ3).The research was conducted by a combination of literature reviews and multiple case studies at four Higher Education Institutions, where both teachers and students were approached. The findings for RQ1 were developed in an abductive procedure walking back and forth between literature and cases. A twelve-step process for total cost analysis was defined, and specific challenges associated for each of these steps. Regarding learning thresholds (RQ2), perceived difficulties with learning total cost analysis were identified in the case studies. These difficulties were then analysed against threshold characteristics available in literature. This resulted in the identification of four total cost learning thresholds. Literature on constructivist-based teaching was used to suggest teaching methods to support learning (RQ3). These types of activities proved to match the ones most appreciated by teachers and students in the studied cases. The twelve-step process provides a more structured and holistic view of total cost analysis than previously available in the logistics literature. The description of challenges with conducting total cost analysis is novel, not only within logistics, but also generally, why this is a major contribution from this research. Aspects regarding teaching and learning connected to logistics, and to total cost analysis, are very sparsely addressed in literature, which makes the findings concerning learning thresholds and teaching methods valuable.The findings are believed to be useful for different stakeholders. First and foremost, teachers can use the findings for designing programs, courses, and course modules which cover the important aspects of total cost analysis with help from educational activities supporting the students’ learning. Second, for organisations where total cost analyses are conducted, the suggested process with its steps and associated challenges can be used to achieve better total cost analyses, and in turn more substantiated decisions. In the longer perspective, better education on total cost analysis at Higher Education Institutions will further strengthen the total cost competence in organisations, thereby improving the total cost-related decision making.Total cost analysis is not unique for the logistics discipline. Although focus in the study has been on Higher Education Institutions providing logistics courses, the findings are to a high extent believed to be relevant also for other disciplines dealing with total cost analysis.
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| 23. |
- Oskarsson, Björn
(author)
-
Towards Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Logistics
- 2014
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Logistics is regarded as an area of high importance in business, contributing to profitability and competitiveness. Logistics is crucial also from a societal perspective, since logistical activities count for a big proportion of a country’s GNP, and since effective logistics systems can help reducing some of the environmental problems we face today. Higher education has an important role to play in order to provide business and society with well-educated logistics personnel. Since not much research is published within higher education in logistics, the purpose of this thesis was defined as:To contribute to the knowledge on teaching and learning logistics in higher education.More specifically, two research questions were set up:RQ1: What knowledge and skills are important for students to learn during highereducation in logistics? RQ2: How can students’ learning of these skills and knowledge be facilitated?A comprehensive literature review serves as a basis for the study. The literature on logistics education gives limited guidance concerning what is to be learned during higher education in logistics, as well as how to facilitate learning within logistics. These findings indicate that the logistics teaching faculty do not base their course designs and teaching practices on solid knowledge on what and how to teach.Although a major finding of my work is that more research is needed, some more concrete propositions can be made. In order to reach some kind of answers to the research questions, a selection of pedagogical theories was applied on logistics education with help from illustrating examples, partly found in literature, and partly from specific studies performed as part of this thesis.Concerning the first research question, I propose a tentative model, illustrating how different logistics knowledge and skills can be positioned against each other. A division is made between subject-specific and generic knowledge and skills, and two core generic skills within logistics are proposed: Total cost analysis and Structured investigation method.From pedagogical literature, the concept of thresholds was introduced. A threshold refers to something that is troublesome for students to overcome, but once passed leads to a new way of understanding. The identification of the thresholds associated with acquiring important knowledge and skills, is therefore important for teachers. Some thresholds concerning logistics education are discussed in the thesis. For the two core generic skills proposed above, it is suggested that ‘case-specific adaptation of total cost models’ is a threshold for total cost analysis, and ‘investigation planning’ is suggested as a threshold for structured investigation method.The question of how something can be learned is dependent on what is to be learned. Since there is a lack of clear answers concerning the what, the second research question (focusing the how) is difficult to answer in a concrete manner. On a general level, some findings were found though.Logistics is a discipline where education has strong emphasis on usefulness for the workinglife. Problem- and practice-based instructional methods are therefore recommended to create learning situations, where learning is extended from theoretical models as such, to their application in realistic settings. Reflection upon the appropriateness of the models then becomes essential. The use of educational games, simulation, and field-based projects are examples of such methods.In pedagogical literature, the term pedagogical content knowledge addresses the need for teachers to know the subject-matter (the content) in a way that makes it possible for him/her to make it understandable for the students. This kind of knowledge is built up from a number of knowledge components. One of those concerns knowledge about what is troublesome for students, which bridges over to the previously described threshold concepts. Another component is knowledge of students’ pre-understanding. An example of a method for capturing such pre-understanding is given in the thesis. Given that a teacher knows the subject-matter, the students pre-understanding, and some other contextual factors, a good knowledge on how to instruct and assess the students is crucial. The instructional methods are to a big extent case-specific, but as indicated above, problem- and practice-based methods are often to recommend within logistics education.Based on the findings and discussions in this study, a number of suggestions for future research are proposed. Among those is the need to identify the thresholds connected to learning core logistical knowledge, and to investigate appropriate instructional methods for helping students to overcome these thresholds.
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| 24. |
- Peolsson, Michael, et al.
(author)
-
A pilot study using Tissue Velocity Ultrasound Imaging (TVI) to assess muscle activity pattern in patients with chronic trapezius myalgia
- 2008
-
In: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Different research techniques indicate alterations in muscle tissue and in neuromuscular control of aching muscles in patients with chronic localized pain. Ultrasound can be used for analysis of muscle tissue dynamics in clinical practice. Aim: This study introduces a new muscle tissue sensitive ultrasound technique in order to provide a new methodology for providing a description of local muscle changes. This method is applied to investigate trapezius muscle tissue response especially with respect to specific regional deformation and deformation rates - during concentric shoulder elevation in patients with chronic trapezius myalgia and healthy controls before and after pain provocation. Methods: Patients with trapezius myalgia and healthy controls were analyzed using an ultrasound system equipped with tissue velocity imaging (TVI). The patients performed a standardized 3-cm concentric shoulder elevation before and after pain provocation/exercise at a standardized elevation tempo (30 bpm). A standardized region of interest (ROI), an ellipsis with a size that captures the upper and lower fascia of the trapezius muscle (4 cm width) at rest, was placed in the first frame of the loop registration of the elevation. The ROI was re-anchored frame by frame following the same anatomical landmark in the basal fascia during all frames of the concentric phase. In cardiac measurement, tissue velocities are measured in the axial projection towards and against the probe where red colour represents shortening and red lengthening. In the case of measuring the trapezius muscle, tissue deformation measurements are made orthogonally, thus, indirectly. Based on the assumption of muscle volume incompressibility, blue represents tissue contraction and red relaxation. Within the ROI, two variables were calculated as a function of time: deformation and deformation rate. Hereafter, max, mean, and quadratic mean values (RMS) of each variable were calculated and compared before and after pain provocation/exercise. Results: This new methodology seems valuable when looking at local muscle changes and studying the mechanism behind chronic muscle pain. The univariate analyses indicate that patients with chronic trapezius myalgia after pain provocation due to exercise at group level showed decreased strain and unchanged strain rate while healthy controls had unchanged strain and increased strain rate. However, the multivariate analysis indicates that most patients showed lower levels according to both strain and strain rate after exercise compared to most controls. Conclusion: Tissue velocity imaging can help describe musculoskeletal tissue activity and dynamics in patients with chronic pain conditions. An altered muscle tissue dynamic after pain provocation/exercise among the majority of trapezius myalgia patients compared with the healthy controls was found.
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| 25. |
- Petursdottir, Dagbjort H., et al.
(author)
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Early-Life Human Microbiota Associated With Childhood Allergy Promotes the T Helper 17 Axis in Mice
- 2017
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In: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The intestinal microbiota influences immune maturation during childhood, and is implicated in early-life allergy development. However, to directly study intestinal microbes and gut immune responses in infants is difficult. To investigate how different types of early-life gut microbiota affect immune development, we collected fecal samples from children with different allergic heredity (AH) and inoculated germ-free mice. Immune responses and microbiota composition were evaluated in the offspring of these mice. Microbial composition in the small intestine, the cecum and the colon were determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. The intestinal microbiota differed markedly between the groups of mice, but only exposure to microbiota associated with AH and known future allergy in children resulted in a T helper 17 (Th17)-signature, both systemically and in the gut mucosa in the mouse offspring. These Th17 responses could be signs of a particular microbiota and a shift in immune development, ultimately resulting in an increased risk of allergy.
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| 26. |
- Sternberg-Simon, M., et al.
(author)
-
Natural killer cell inhibitory receptor expression in humans and mice : A closer look
- 2013
-
In: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 4:March, s. 65-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Natural Killer (NK) cell population is composed of subsets of varying sizes expressing different combinations of inhibitory receptors for MHC class I molecules. Genes within the NK gene complex, including the inhibitory receptors themselves, seem to be the primary intrinsic regulators of inhibitory receptor expression, but the MHC class I background is an additional Modulating factor. In this paper, we have performed a parallel study of the inhibitory receptor repertoire in inbred mice of the C57Bl/6 background and in a cohort of 44 humans. Deviations of subset frequencies from the "product rule (PR)," i.e., differences between observed and expected frequencies of NK cells, were used to identify MHC-independent and MHC-dependent control of receptor expression frequencies. Some deviations from the PR were similar in mice and humans, such as the decreased presence of NK cell subset lacking inhibitory receptors. Others were different, including a role for NKG2A in determining over- or under-representation of specific subsets in humans but not in mice. Thus, while human and murine inhibitory receptor repertoires differed in details, there may also be shared principles governing NK cell repertoire formation in these two species.
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| 27. |
- Storaa, Camilla, et al.
(author)
-
Tissue motion imaging of the left ventricle--quantification of myocardial strain, velocity, acceleration and displacement in a single image
- 2004
-
In: European Journal of Echocardiography. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1525-2167 .- 1532-2114. ; 5:5, s. 375-385
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIMS: Several methods of parametric imaging of left ventricular function including tissue velocity imaging (TVI) and strain rate imaging (SRI) have previously been presented, however, they have the limitation that they can, respectively, portray only one physiological myocardial parameter. The aims of this pilot study were to implement and validate tissue motion imaging (TMI) for the first time, a visualization technique which permits acceleration, velocity, displacement and strain to be interpreted quantitatively or semi-quantitatively in a single image. METHODS AND RESULTS: TMI is achieved by the color coding of temporal tissue velocity integrals. The principles behind this technique are validated, and case examples demonstrating its use in the clinical setting are provided. Limitations of the method as well as future applications and improvements are discussed. CONCLUSION: As this method allows representation of a multitude of variables and is visually attractive, it may facilitate more widespread use of myocardial quantitation in everyday practice.
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| 28. |
- Trollheden, Stefan, et al.
(author)
-
Turbine Technologies for Future Cryogenic ELV Engines
- 2006
-
In: AIAA 57th International Astronautical Congress, IAC 2006. ; , s. 6157-6167
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Volvo Aero has developed the turbines for the Hydrogen and Oxygen turbopumps for the Vulcain and Vulcain 2 engines used for Ariane 5. For the new European upper stage engine, Vinci, Volvo Aero has maintained the same responsibility for the turbines as during the Vulcain development. In Europe there are presently a number of technology programs to prepare and mature new technologies, for example the Vinci demo and the Vulcain X program. This paper presents the effort at Volvo Aero to prepare the turbine technology for the next cryogenic ELV engines. The requirements on engine, turbopump and turbines will be described. Potential new concepts which meet the new requirements will be discussed for GG and Expander cycle engines. Also the need for new method development to increase the accuracy of turbine behavior as well as decreasing development risks will be presented. Furthermore a demonstration program for a new generation turbine for the Hydrogen Turbopump, TPX, will be presented and also the Vinci demo program.
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| 29. |
- Uhlén, Mathias, et al.
(author)
-
A genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of protein-coding genes in human blood cells
- 2019
-
In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 366:6472, s. 1471-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Blood is the predominant source for molecular analyses in humans, both in clinical and research settings. It is the target for many therapeutic strategies, emphasizing the need for comprehensive molecular maps of the cells constituting human blood. In this study, we performed a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of protein-coding genes in sorted blood immune cell populations to characterize the expression levels of each individual gene across the blood cell types. All data are presented in an interactive, open-access Blood Atlas as part of the Human Protein Atlas and are integrated with expression profiles across all major tissues to provide spatial classification of all protein-coding genes. This allows for a genome-wide exploration of the expression profiles across human immune cell populations and all major human tissues and organs.
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- Wigander, Helena, et al.
(author)
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Quality of life and functional outcome in Swedish children with low anorectal malformations : a follow-up study
- 2019
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In: Pediatric surgery international (Print). - : Springer. - 0179-0358 .- 1437-9813. ; 35:5, s. 583-590
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim was to investigate the quality of life and bowel function in children with low anorectal malformations (ARM).ADDITIONAL AIM: To evaluate the Swedish version the Hirschsprung's Disease/Anorectal Malformation Quality of life Questionnaire (HAQL).METHODS: Forty-four children and their parents were invited to complete the HAQL and the Bowel Function Score (BFS). Healthy children participated as controls and completed the HAQL.RESULTS: Seventeen children and 18 mothers completed the HAQL. The children reported impaired function in the physical symptom (PH) fecal continence (FC) and laxative diet (LD) domains compared to controls. Compared with their mothers, they reported impaired physical function and more symptoms in the emotional functioning (EMF) and PH domains. 27 families completed the BFS; 63% reported normal bowel function, 33% moderate outcome and one patient, comprising 4%, poor outcome. Evaluation of the HAQL, FC, EMF and PH domains showed no obvious conflicts.CONCLUSIONS: The children did not differ much regarding their QoL, even though they appeared to have impaired bowel function and worse emotional functioning compared to controls. The mothers underestimated their children's physical symptoms and overestimated their emotional functioning. Evaluated domains in the HAQL appear to work as intended, but the questionnaire needs further development.
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