| 1. |
- Gudowski, Waclaw, et al.
(författare)
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Review of the European project - Impact of Accelerator-Based Technologies on Nuclear Fission Safety (IABAT)
- 2001
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Ingår i: Progress in nuclear energy (New series). - 0149-1970 .- 1878-4224. ; 38:1-2, s. 135-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IABAT project - Impact of Accelerator Based Technologies on Nuclear Fission Safety - started in 1996 in the frame of 4(th) Framework Programme of the European Union, R&D specific programme Nuclear fission safety 1994-1998, area A.2 Exploring innovative approaches/Fuel cycle concepts, as one of the first common European activities in ADS. The project was completed October 31, 1999. The overall objective of the IABAT project has been a preliminary assessment of the potential of Accelerator-Driven Systems (ADS) for transmutation of nuclear waste and for nuclear energy production with minimum waste generation. Moreover, more specific topics related to nuclear data and code development for ADS have been studied in more detail. Four ADSs have been studied for different fuel/coolant combinations: liquid metal coolant and solid fuel, liquid metal coolant and dispersed fuel, and fast and thermal molten salt systems. Target studies comprised multiple target solutions and radiation damage problems in a target environment. In a tool development part of the project a methodology of subcriticality monitoring has been developed based on Feynman-alpha and Rossi-alpha methods. Moreover, a new Monte-Carlo burnup code taking full advantage of continuous neutron cross-section data has been developed and benchmarked. Impact on the risk from high-level waste repositories fi om radiotoxicity reduction using ADS has been assessed giving no crystal-clear benefits of ADS for repository radiotoxicity reduction but concluding some important prerequisites for effective transmutation. In proliferation studies important differences between critical reactors and ADS have been underlined and non-proliferation measures have been proposed. In assessment of accelerator technology costing models have been created that allow the circular and linear accelerator options to be compared and the effect of parameter variations examined. The calculations reported show that cyclotron systems would be more economical, due mainly to the advantage of the cost of RF power supplies. However, the accelerator community regards with skepticism the possibility of transporting and extracting more than a 10mA beam current from a 1GeV cyclotron and therefore technical factors may limit the application of cyclotrons. Finally, this review summarizes development of nuclear data in the energy region between 20 Mev and 150 MeV. Neutron and proton transport data files for Fe, Ni, Pb, Th, U-238 and Pu-239 have been created. The high-energy part of the data files consists completely of results from model calculations, which are benchmarked against the available experimental data. Although there is obviously future work left regarding fine-tuning of several parts of the data files, the representation of nuclear reaction information up to 150 MeV is already better than can be attained with intranuclear cascade codes.
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| 4. |
- Ancelle-Park, R., et al.
(författare)
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Summary of the evidence of breast cancer service screening outcomes in Europe and first estimate of the benefit and harm balance sheet
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Screening. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-1413 .- 1475-5793. ; 19, s. 5-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To construct a European 'balance sheet' of key outcomes of population-based mammographic breast cancer screening, to inform policy-makers, stakeholders and invited women. Methods From the studies reviewed, the primary benefit of screening, breast cancer mortality reduction, was compared with the main harms, over-diagnosis and false-positive screening results (FPRs). Results Pooled estimates of breast cancer mortality reduction among invited women were 25% in incidence-based mortality studies and 31% in case-control studies (38% and 48% among women actually screened). Estimates of over-diagnosis ranged from 1% to 10% of the expected incidence in the absence of screening. The combined estimate of over-diagnosis for screened women, from European studies correctly adjusted for lead time and underlying trend, was 6.5%. For women undergoing 10 biennial screening tests, the estimated cumulative risk of a FPR followed by non-invasive assessment was 17%, and 3% having an invasive assessment. For every 1000 women screened biennially from age 50-51 until age 68-69 and followed up to age 79, an estimated seven to nine lives are saved, four cases are over-diagnosed, 170 women have at least one recall followed by non-invasive assessment with a negative result and 30 women have at least one recall followed by invasive procedures yielding a negative result. Conclusions The chance of saving a woman's life by population-based mammographic screening of appropriate quality is greater than that of over-diagnosis. Service screening in Europe achieves a mortality benefit at least as great as the randomized controlled trials. These outcomes should be communicated to women offered service screening in Europe.
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| 6. |
- Pashayan, N, et al.
(författare)
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Personalized early detection and prevention of breast cancer: ENVISION consensus statement
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature reviews. Clinical oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1759-4782 .- 1759-4774. ; 17:11, s. 687-705
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Collaborative on Personalized Early Detection and Prevention of Breast Cancer (ENVISION) brings together several international research consortia working on different aspects of the personalized early detection and prevention of breast cancer. In a consensus conference held in 2019, the members of this network identified research areas requiring development to enable evidence-based personalized interventions that might improve the benefits and reduce the harms of existing breast cancer screening and prevention programmes. The priority areas identified were: 1) breast cancer subtype-specific risk assessment tools applicable to women of all ancestries; 2) intermediate surrogate markers of response to preventive measures; 3) novel non-surgical preventive measures to reduce the incidence of breast cancer of poor prognosis; and 4) hybrid effectiveness–implementation research combined with modelling studies to evaluate the long-term population outcomes of risk-based early detection strategies. The implementation of such programmes would require health-care systems to be open to learning and adapting, the engagement of a diverse range of stakeholders and tailoring to societal norms and values, while also addressing the ethical and legal issues. In this Consensus Statement, we discuss the current state of breast cancer risk prediction, risk-stratified prevention and early detection strategies, and their implementation. Throughout, we highlight priorities for advancing each of these areas.
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| 8. |
- Kootker, Lisette M., et al.
(författare)
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The effects of decomposition and environment on antemortem H-Pb-Sr isotope compositions and degradation of human scalp hair : Actualistic taphonomic observations
- 2020
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Ingår i: Forensic Science International. - : Elsevier. - 0379-0738 .- 1872-6283. ; 312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multi-isotope analysis (e.g., Sr–Pb–O–H–C–N) of human scalp hair is routinely used in forensic investigations of human remains to constrain the geographic origin of unidentified bodies, and to investigate antemortem mobility patterns. However, while it is known that postmortem processes can affect the preservation of, or even overprint, the biogenic isotopic signatures in hair, the speed and nature of these processes have rarely been studied. This study investigates the effects of decomposition and environment on the H–Pb–Sr isotope compositions of human hair as well as the relationship between structural hair shaft degradation and isotopic signature change over time. Human scalp hair samples from four body donations were collected at different stages throughout gross body decomposition. The willed-donated bodies were placed to decompose outdoors at the Forensic Anthropology Research Facility (FARF) at Texas State University. Hair fibers from two of the donations were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution light microscopy (HRLM). Chemical and microbiological degradation of hair fibers occurred rapidly after placement of the body outdoors. Measurements of scalp hair isotopic composition demonstrated that H–Pb–Sr isotope ratios were altered within days after environmental exposure, presumably by deposition, leaching and/or exchange with the local bioavailable soil, and vapor. The degree of physical hair degradation and changes in H–Pb–Sr isotope composition were not correlated. We conclude that antemortem isotopic H–Pb–Sr isotope ratios are difficult to recover in hairs derived from decomposing whole bodies.
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| 9. |
- Paschke, K. D., et al.
(författare)
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Experimental determination of the complete spin structure for (p)over-barp ->(Lambda)over-bar Lambda at p((p)over-bar)=1.637 GeV/c
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 74:1, s. 015206-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reaction (p) over barp -> (Lambda) over bar Lambda -> (p) over bar pi(+)p pi(-) has been measured with high statistics at a beam momentum of p((p) over bar)=1.637GeV/c. The use of a transversely polarized frozen-spin target combined with the self-analyzing property of Lambda/(Lambda) over bar decay allows access to unprecedented information on the spin structure of the interaction. The most general spin-scattering matrix can be written in terms of 11 real parameters for each bin of scattering angle; each of these parameters is determined with reasonable precision. From these results, all conceivable spin correlations are determined with inherent self-consistency. Good agreement is found with the few previously existing measurements of spin observables in (p) over barp ->(Lambda) over bar Lambda near this energy. Existing theoretical models do not give good predictions for those spin observables that had not been previously measured.
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| 11. |
- Bonroy, Carolien, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of antinuclear antibodies : recommendations from EFLM, EASI and ICAP
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 1434-6621 .- 1437-4331. ; 61:7, s. 1167-1198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are important for the diagnosis of various autoimmune diseases. ANA are usually detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using HEp-2 cells (HEp-2 IFA). There are many variables influencing HEp-2 IFA results, such as subjective visual reading, serum screening dilution, substrate manufacturing, microscope components and conjugate. Newer developments on ANA testing that offer novel features adopted by some clinical laboratories include automated computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) systems and solid phase assays (SPA).Methods: A group of experts reviewed current literature and established recommendations on methodological aspects of ANA testing. This process was supported by a two round Delphi exercise. International expert groups that participated in this initiative included (i) the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group “Autoimmunity Testing”; (ii) the European Autoimmune Standardization Initiative (EASI); and (iii) the International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP).Results: In total, 35 recommendations/statements related to (i) ANA testing and reporting by HEp-2 IFA; (ii) HEp-2 IFA methodological aspects including substrate/conjugate selection and the application of CAD systems; (iii) quality assurance; (iv) HEp-2 IFA validation/verification approaches and (v) SPA were formulated. Globally, 95% of all submitted scores in the final Delphi round were above 6 (moderately agree, agree or strongly agree) and 85% above 7 (agree and strongly agree), indicating strong international support for the proposed recommendations.Conclusions: These recommendations are an important step to achieve high quality ANA testing.
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| 12. |
- Gudowski, Waclaw, et al.
(författare)
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The Subcritical Assembly in Dubna (SAD) - Part II : Research program for ADS-demo experiment
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 562:2, s. 887-891
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subcritical Assembly in Dubna (SAD), a project funded by the International Science and Technology Centre, driven in collaboration with many European partners, may become the first Accelerator Driven Subcritical experiment coupling an existing proton accelerator of 660 MeV with a compact MQX-fuelled subcritical core. The main objective of the SAD experiment is to study physics of Accelerator Driven System ranging from a very deep subcriticality up to k(eff) of 0.98. All experiences with subcriticality monitoring from previous subcritical experiments like MUSE, Yalina and IBR-30 booster mode will be verified in order to select the most reliable subcriticality monitoring technique. Particular attention will be given to validation of the core power-beam current relation. Moreover, some studies have been done to assess possibility of power upgrade for SAD.
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| 15. |
- Shvetsov, V., et al.
(författare)
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The Subcritical Assembly in Dubna (SAD) - Part I : Coupling all major components of an Accelerator Driven System (ADS)
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 562:2, s. 883-886
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A demonstration facility for Accelerator Driven Systems has been proposed to be constructed at the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research in Dubna. The Subcritical Assembly in Dubna project proposes to couple an existing proton accelerator of 660 MeV and 1 mu A current with a specially designed U-Pu MOX subcritical core. Project objectives, technical description and current status of the project are presented in this paper.
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| 16. |
- van Dongen, Koen W, et al.
(författare)
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European consensus on a competency-based virtual reality training program for basic endoscopic surgical psychomotor skills.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Surgical endoscopy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-2218 .- 0930-2794. ; 25:1, s. 166-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Virtual reality (VR) simulators have been demonstrated to improve basic psychomotor skills in endoscopic surgery. The exercise configuration settings used for validation in studies published so far are default settings or are based on the personal choice of the tutors. The purpose of this study was to establish consensus on exercise configurations and on a validated training program for a virtual reality simulator, based on the experience of international experts to set criterion levels to construct a proficiency-based training program. METHODS: A consensus meeting was held with eight European teams, all extensively experienced in using the VR simulator. Construct validity of the training program was tested by 20 experts and 60 novices. The data were analyzed by using the t test for equality of means. RESULTS: Consensus was achieved on training designs, exercise configuration, and examination. Almost all exercises (7/8) showed construct validity. In total, 50 of 94 parameters (53%) showed significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: A European, multicenter, validated, training program was constructed according to the general consensus of a large international team with extended experience in virtual reality simulation. Therefore, a proficiency-based training program can be offered to training centers that use this simulator for training in basic psychomotor skills in endoscopic surgery.
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