| 1. |
- Brolin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Second cycle education program in virtual ergonomics and design
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2018). - Cham : Springer. - 9783319960708 - 9783319960715 ; , s. 1058-1065
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current product and production development tends to become more complex where principal design decisions are made in very early development phases when product data only exist in virtual formats. To support this virtual product realisation process there exist a number of tools and technologies. Considering ergonomics and human factors in an increasingly complex process with often complex tools requires competent people able to handle multidisciplinary development challenges in a proactive manner. To answer the need for educational programs to cover these issues the School of Engineering Science at University of Skövde has developed a new master (second cycle) program Virtual Ergonomics and Design. The aim with the program is to give students and future product and production developers, necessary knowledge and skills to effectively use virtual tools for analysis, development, and verification of ergonomics and integrate ergonomics and user aspects into the product realisation process. This is achieved through a number of courses that partly forms a core within the subject Virtual product realisation but also provides in-depth knowledge in ergonomics. Students will in a possible future role as design or production engineers have a great influence on ergonomics in manufacturing departments but also better perception of ergonomics, higher motivation and knowledge of support tools and methods for ergonomics integration.
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| 2. |
- Hanson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Current Trends in Research and Application of Digital Human Modeling
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021). - Cham : Springer. - 9783030746131 - 9783030746148 ; , s. 358-366
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper reports an investigation conducted during the DHM2020 Symposium regarding current trends in research and application of DHM in academia, software development, and industry. The results show that virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and digital twin are major current trends. Furthermore, results show that human diversity is considered in DHM using established methods. Results also show a shift from the assessment of static postures to assessment of sequences of actions, combined with a focus mainly on human well-being and only partly on system performance. Motion capture and motion algorithms are alternative technologies introduced to facilitate and improve DHM simulations. Results from the DHM simulations are mainly presented through pictures or animations.
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| 3. |
- Hanson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Design concept evaluation in digital human modeling tools
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th International Digital Human Modeling Symposium (DHM 2022), August 29–30, 2022, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. - : University of Iowa Press. - 9780984037841 ; , s. 1-9
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the design process of products and production systems, the activity to systematically evaluate initial alternative design concepts is an important step. The digital human modeling (DHM) tools include several different types of assessment methods in order to evaluate product and production systems. Despite this, and due to the fact that a DHM tool in essence is a computer-supported design and analysis tool, none of the DHM tools provide the functionality to, in a systematic way, use the results generated in the DHM tool to compare design concepts between each other. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how a systematic concept evaluation method is integrated in a DHM tool, and to exemplify how it can be used to systematically assess design alternatives. Pugh´s method was integrated into the IPS software with LUA scripting to systematically compare design concepts. Four workstation layout concepts were generated by four engineers. The four concepts were systematically evaluated with two methods focusing on human well-being and two methods focusing on system performance and cost. The result is very promising. The demonstrator illustrates that it is possible to perform a systematic concept evaluation based on human well-being, overall system performance, and other parameters, where some of the data is automatically provided by the DHM tool and other data manually. The demonstrator can also be used to evaluate only one design concept, where it provides the software user and the decision maker with an objective and visible overview of the success of the design proposal from the perspective of several evaluation methods.
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| 4. |
- Hanson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating Physical Load Exposure Calculations and Recommendations in Digitalized Ergonomics Assessment Processes
- 2022
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Ingår i: SPS2022. - Amsterdam; Berlin; Washington, DC : IOS Press. - 9781643682686 - 9781643682693 ; , s. 233-239
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The type of ergonomics assessment methods typically used in digital human modelling (DHM) tools and automated assessment processes were rather developed to be used by ergonomists to assess ergonomics by observing the characteristics of the work. Direct measurement methods complement observation methods. Direct measurement methods have a design that suits being implemented into DHM tools. A drawback of direct measurement methods is that they traditionally do not include action levels. However, action levels in direct measurement methods have recently been suggested. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how these recent physical load exposure calculations and recommendations can be integrated in a DHM tool and in an automated assessment process. A demonstrator solution was developed that inputs exposure data from simulations in the DHM tool IPS IMMA as well as exposure data that originate from tracking real workers’ motions, using the motion capture system Xsens MVN. The demonstrator was applied in two use cases: one based on predicted human motions and one based on captured human motions. In the demonstrator, head posture, upper left and right arm posture and velocity, as well as left and right wrist velocity were calculated. Exposure data were compared with action levels, and extreme action levels were indicated by colouring the information. The results are promising, and the demonstrator illustrates that it is possible to follow the trends in Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 to automate and digitalize ergonomics assessment processes in industry.
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| 5. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Body weight at age 20 and in midlife is more important than weight gain for coronary atherosclerosis: Results from SCAPIS.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 373, s. 46-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated body weight in adolescence is associated with early cardiovascular disease, but whether this association is traceable to weight in early adulthood, weight in midlife or to weight gain is not known. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of midlife coronary atherosclerosis being associated with body weight at age 20, body weight in midlife and body weight change.We used data from 25,181 participants with no previous myocardial infarction or cardiac procedure in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS, mean age 57 years, 51% women). Data on coronary atherosclerosis, self-reported body weight at age 20 and measured midlife weight were recorded together with potential confounders and mediators. Coronary atherosclerosis was assessed using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and expressed as segment involvement score (SIS).The probability of having coronary atherosclerosis was markedly higher with increasing weight at age 20 and with mid-life weight (p<0.001 for both sexes). However, weight increase from age 20 until mid-life was only modestly associated with coronary atherosclerosis. The association between weight gain and coronary atherosclerosis was mainly seen in men. However, no significant sex difference could be detected when adjusting for the 10-year delay in disease development in women.Similar in men and women, weight at age 20 and weight in midlife are strongly related to coronary atherosclerosis while weight increase from age 20 until midlife is only modestly related to coronary atherosclerosis.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bohné, Ulrica, et al.
(författare)
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Support- och diskussionsgrupper, en arbetsform som stödjer den sociala lärmiljön i distanskurser
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Bidrag från den 9:e utvecklingskonferensen för Sveriges ingenjörsutbildningar. - Västerås : Mälardalens universitet. - 9789174856200 ; , s. 205-210
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- En pedagogisk fråga vid distansutbildning är hur relationellt lärande och social lärmiljö kan främjas. Då interaktion ser annorlunda ut än vid campusutbildning och när resurser för lärartid är begränsat till ett minimum blir detta en reell utmaning att adressera. Relationellt lärande och social lärmiljö är betydelsefulla aspekter för att stödja studentens kunskapsutveckling i högre utbildning, och kan beskrivas som ett pedagogiskt synsätt där relationer står i centrum. Dels med avseende på den pedagogiska relationen mellan lärare och student, men även andra relationer såsom mellan student-student eller student-grupp ses som centrala. Inför den nystartade distanskursen Hållbar produktutveckling, inriktning Design Thinking introducerades arbetsformen Support- och diskussionsgrupper med syfte att stödja den sociala lärmiljön på distans. Studenterna fick då möjlighet att gruppvis träffavarandra via ett digitalt verktyg för att både diskutera aktuella frågeställningar i kursen, samt att vara ett stöd för varandra under kursens gång. Arbetsformen visadesig gynna studenternas kunskapsutveckling och gav goda resultat i kursvärderingen. Genom att förstå de grundläggande faktorer som främjar kunskapsutveckling, däribland den sociala lärmiljön, och hur vi kan forma den när den inte uppstår naturligt såsom i distanskurser, kan vi skapa gynnsamma förutsättningar för studenternas kunskapsutveckling och det livslånga lärandet.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Brolin, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Adaptive regression model for prediction of anthropometric data
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human Factors Modelling and Simulation. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1742-5549 .- 1742-5557. ; 5:4, s. 285-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents and evaluates an adaptive linear regression model for the prediction of unknown anthropometric data based on a flexible set of known predictive data. The method is based on conditional regression and includes use of principal component analysis to reduce effects of multicollinearity between the predictive variables. Results from the study show that the proposed adaptive regression model produces more accurate predictions compared to a flat regression model based on stature and weight, and also compared to a hierarchical regression model, that uses geometric and statistical relationships between body measurements to create specific linear regression equations in a hierarchical structure. An additional evaluation shows that the accuracy of the adaptive regression model increases logarithmically with the sample size. Apart from the sample size, the accuracy of the regression model is affected by the number of, and on which measurements that are, variables in the predictive dataset.
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| 10. |
- Brolin, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive regression model for synthesizing anthropometric population data
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 59, s. 46-53
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the development of an adaptive linear regression model for synthesizing of missing anthropometric population data based on a flexible set of known predictive data. The method is based on a conditional regression model and includes use of principal component analysis, to reduce effects of multicollinearity between selected predictive measurements, and incorporation of a stochastic component, using the partial correlation coefficients between predicted measurements. In addition, skewness of the distributions of the dependent variables is considered when incorporating the stochastic components. Results from the study show that the proposed regression models for synthesizing population data give valid results with small errors of the compared percentile values. However, higher accuracy was not achieved when the number of measurements used as independent variables was increased compared to using only stature and weight as independent variables. This indicates problems with multicollinearity that principal component regression were not able to overcome. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation values together with correlation coefficients is sufficient to perform the conditional regression procedure. However, to incorporate a stochastic component when using principal component regression requires raw data on an individual level.Relevance to industryWhen developing products, workplaces or systems, it is of great importance to consider the anthropometric diversity of the intended users. The proposed regression model offers a procedure that gives valid results, maintains the correlation between the measurements that are predicted and is adaptable regarding which, and number of, predictive measurements that are selected.
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| 11. |
- Brolin, Erik, 1984-
(författare)
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Anthropometric diversity and consideration of human capabilities : Methods for virtual product and production development
- 2016
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Contemporary product and production development is typically carried out with the support of computer tools where the design of products and workstations are originated and evaluated within virtual environments. Ergonomics addresses factors important to consider in the product and production development process to ensure a good fit between humans and the items being designed. Digital human modelling (DHM) tools enable simulations and analyses of ergonomics in virtual environments. Anthropometry is central when using DHM tools for product and production development to ensure that the design fits the intended proportion of the targeted population from a physical perspective. Several methods have been prescribed to consider the anthropometric diversity that exists within human populations. Still many DHM based simulations in product and production development processes are done with approaches that are poor in representing anthropometric diversity. Hence, there is a need for better tools and methods that would support DHM tool users to more effectively and efficiently consider anthropometric diversity in the design process.In this thesis current methods for anthropometric diversity considerations have been reviewed and new methods and functionality have been developed and implemented in a DHM tool. Mathematical models have been developed to consider three specific parts important to the consideration of anthropometric diversity: generation of suitable test cases, prediction of missing anthropometric data and implementation of more diverse anthropometric variables such as strength and flexibility. Results show that the proposed methods are accurate and advantageous compared to approaches often used in industry today. The mathematical models for generation of suitable test cases and prediction of missing anthropometric data have been implemented in an anthropometric software module. The module has undergone usability testing with industry DHM tools users. The developed anthropometric module is shown to answer to relevant needs of DHM tool users and fit into the work processes related to DHM simulations and ergonomics analyses utilised in industry today.
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| 12. |
- Brolin, Erik, 1984
(författare)
-
Anthropometric diversity and consideration of human capabilities
- 2016
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Contemporary product and production development is typically carried out with the support of computer tools where the design of products and workstations are originated and evaluated within virtual environments. Ergonomics addresses factors important to consider in the product and production development process to ensure a good fit between humans and the items being designed. Digital human modelling (DHM) tools enable simulations and analyses of ergonomics in virtual environments. Anthropometry is central when using DHM tools for product and production development to ensure that the design fits the intended proportion of the targeted population from a physical perspective. Several methods have been prescribed to consider the anthropometric diversity that exists within human populations. Still many DHM based simulations in product and production development processes are done with approaches that are poor in representing anthropometric diversity. Hence, there is a need for better tools and methods that would support DHM tool users to more effectively and efficiently consider anthropometric diversity in the design process.In this thesis current methods for anthropometric diversity considerations have been reviewed and new methods and functionality have been developed and implemented in a DHM tool. Mathematical models have been developed to consider three specific parts important to the consideration of anthropometric diversity: generation of suitable test cases, prediction of missing anthropometric data and implementation of more diverse anthropometric variables such as strength and flexibility. Results show that the proposed methods are accurate and advantageous compared to approaches often used in industry today. The mathematical models for generation of suitable test cases and prediction of missing anthropometric data have been implemented in an anthropometric software module. The module has undergone usability testing with industry DHM tools users. The developed anthropometric module is shown to answer to relevant needs of DHM tool users and fit into the work processes related to DHM simulations and ergonomics analyses utilised in industry today.
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| 13. |
- Brolin, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Conditional Regression Model for Prediction of Anthropometric Variables
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2013 Digital human modeling symposium.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In digital human modelling (DHM) systems consideration of anthropometry is central. Important functionality in DHM tools is the regression model, i.e. the possibility to predict a complete set of measurements based on a number of defined independent anthropometric variables. The accuracy of a regression model is measured by how well the model predicts dependent variables based on independent variables, i.e. known key anthropometric measurements. In literature, existing regression models often use stature and/or body weight as independent variables in so-called flat regressions models which can produce estimations with large errors when there are low correlations between the independent and dependent variables. This paper suggests a conditional regression model that utilise all known measurements as independent variables when predicting each unknown dependent variable. The conditional regression model is compared to a flat regression model, using stature and weight as independent variables, and a hierarchical regression model that uses geometric and statistical relationships between body measurements to create specific linear regression equations in a hierarchical structure. The accuracy of the models is assessed by evaluating the coefficient of determination, R2 and the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD). The results from the study show that using a conditional regression model that makes use of all known variables to predict the values of unknown measurements is advantageous compared to the flat and hierarchical regression models. Both the conditional linear regression model and the hierarchical regression model have the advantage that when more measurements are included the models will give a better prediction of the unknown measurements compared to the flat regression model based on stature and weight. A conditional linear regression model has the additional advantage that any measurement can be used as independent variable. This gives the possibility to only include measurements that have a direct connection to the design dimensions being sought. Utilising the conditional regression model would create digital manikins with enhanced accuracy that would produce more realistic and accurate simulations and evaluations when using DHM tools for the design of products and workplaces.
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| 14. |
- Brolin, Erik
(författare)
-
Consideration of anthropometric diversity : Methods for virtual product and production development
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ergonomics and Human Factors address factors important to consider in the product and production development process. This is done through a User Centred Design process where focus is put on human-machine interactions. Digital human modelling (DHM) tools provide and facilitate rapid simulations, visualisations and analyses of the human-machine interactions in a virtual environment. Anthropometry, the study of human measurements, is central in DHM simulations due to the necessity of ensuring intended accommodation levels. Several methods have been described to consider the anthropometric diversity that exists within human populations. Still, many simulations are done with few human models, so called manikins, in industry today due to the time consuming processes when working with many manikins in current DHM tools. Hence, there is a need for better tools and methods. To increase the understanding among DHM users there is also a need to illustrate differences in results when using different approaches, and to evaluate the validity of the assumptions that methods for anthropometric diversity consideration are based upon.In this thesis current methods for anthropometric diversity considerations have been reviewed and the differences in evaluation results when utilizing different approaches have been analysed. New methods and functionality have been developed and implemented in DHM tools and the possibilities to include more physical characteristics and in turn consider more aspects of human diversity have been explored. Results shows that the proposed methods are advantageous compared to approaches often used in industry today and will, if used, increase the consideration of anthropometric diversity when using DHM tools for the design of products and workplaces.
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| 15. |
- Brolin, Erik, 1984
(författare)
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Consideration of anthropometric diversity
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ergonomics and Human Factors address factors important to consider in the product and production development process. This is done through a User Centred Design process where focus is put on human-machine interactions. Digital human modelling (DHM) tools provide and facilitate rapid simulations, visualisations and analyses of the human-machine interactions in a virtual environment. Anthropometry, the study of human measurements, is central in DHM simulations due to the necessity of ensuring intended accommodation levels. Several methods have been described to consider the anthropometric diversity that exists within human populations. Still, many simulations are done with few human models, so called manikins, in industry today due to the time consuming processes when working with many manikins in current DHM tools. Hence, there is a need for better tools and methods. To increase the understanding among DHM users there is also a need to illustrate differences in results when using different approaches, and to evaluate the validity of the assumptions that methods for anthropometric diversity consideration are based upon.In this thesis current methods for anthropometric diversity considerations have been reviewed and the differences in evaluation results when utilizing different approaches have been analysed. New methods and functionality have been developed and implemented in DHM tools and the possibilities to include more physical characteristics and in turn consider more aspects of human diversity have been explored. Results shows that the proposed methods are advantageous compared to approaches often used in industry today and will, if used, increase the consideration of anthropometric diversity when using DHM tools for the design of products and workplaces.
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| 16. |
- Brolin, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Description of boundary case methodology for anthropometric diversity consideration
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human Factors Modelling and Simulation. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1742-5549. ; 3:2, s. 204-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes and evaluates the boundary case methodology for the simultaneous consideration of variance for a number of selected anthropometric variables. The methodology includes the calculation of key dimension values for extreme but likely anthropometric measurement combinations. This data can be applied when utilising digital human modelling (DHM) tools for proactive design work and entered as input data when representative manikins are defined. The mathematical procedure is clearly described and exemplified to demonstrate how to use the methodology in design work. The outcome of the method is illustrated and compared using several different cases where the number of measurements is varied and where principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the number of dimensions in one case. The paper demonstrates that the proposed boundary case method is advantageous compared to approaches based on the use of univariate percentile data in design.
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| 17. |
- Brolin, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Design of a Digital Human Modelling Module for Consideration of Anthropometric Diversity
- 2014
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Ingår i: Advances in Applied Digital Human Modeling. - : AHFE Conference. - 9781495120947 ; , s. 114-120
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital human modelling (DHM) tools are useful when evaluating human-machine interaction as they enable consideration of anthropometric diversity by facilitating the creation of human models, so called manikins, of different sizes and proportions. This paper presents the design of a module, as part of a DHM tool, made to enable a more holistic approach when defining manikin characteristics. The module is created based on previous user interviews and literature studies on the use of DHM systems and advanced mathematical methods for anthropometric diversity consideration. The module is aimed to support and guide non-expert users while at the same time support effective use and provide appropriate functionality also for expert users. The module acts as a digital guide and supports standardised working procedures when creating manikins to be used in subsequent ergonomics simulations and analyses, and shows a strong visual connection between user interface choices and their response.
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| 18. |
- Brolin, Erik, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Development and evaluation of an anthropometric module for digital human modelling systems
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human Factors Modelling and Simulation. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1742-5549 .- 1742-5557. ; 7:1, s. 47-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the development of a software module and a graphical user interface which aims to support the definition of anthropometry of manikins in a digital human modelling (DHM) tool. The module is developed from user interviews and literature studies, as well as mathematical methods for anthropometric diversity consideration. The module has functionality to create both single manikins and manikin families, where it is possible to combine or analyse different population datasets simultaneously. The developed module and its interface have been evaluated via focus group interviews and usability tests by DHM tool users. Results from the studies show that the developed module and its interface has relevant functionality, fits well into industrial work processes, and is easy to use. The study also identifies possibilities to further increase usability.
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| 19. |
- Brolin, Erik, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of body shape data based digital human models for ergonomics simulations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th International Digital Human Modeling Symposium (DHM 2022), August 29–30, 2022, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. - : University of Iowa Press. - 9780984037841 ; , s. 1-9
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the development of body-shape-data-based digital human models, i.e. manikins, for ergonomics simulations. In digital human modeling (DHM) tools, it is important that the generated manikin models are accurate and representative for different body sizes and shapes as well as being able to scale and move during motion simulations. The developed DHM models described in this paper are based on body scan data from the CAESAR anthropometric survey. The described development process consists of six steps and includes alignment of body scans, fitting of template mesh through homologous body modeling, statistical prediction of body shape, joint centre prediction, adjustment of posture to T-pose, and, finally, generation of a relation between predicted mesh and manikin mesh. The implemented method can be used to create any type of manikin size that can be directly used in a simulation. To evaluate the results, a comparison was done of original body scans and statistically predicted meshes generated in an intermediary step, as well as the resulting DHM manikins. The accuracy of the statistically predicted meshes are relatively good, even though differences can be seen, mostly related to postural differences and differences around smaller areas with distinct shapes. The biggest differences between the final manikin models and the original scans can be found in the shoulder and abdominal areas, in addition to the significantly different initial posture that the manikin models have. To further improve and evaluate the generated manikin models, additional body scan data sets that include more diverse postures would be useful. DHM tool functionality could also be improved to enable evaluation of the accuracy of the generated manikin models, possibly resulting in DHM tools that are more compliant with standard documents. At the same time, standard documents might need to be updated in some aspects to include more three-dimensional accuracy analysis.
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| 20. |
- Brolin, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Digital human arm models with variation in size, strength and range of motion
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital human modelling (DHM) systems can be used to simulate production processes and analyse the human-machine interaction, particularly at early design stages. The human-machine interaction is affected and limited by factors or characteristics belonging to the human user and the machine or product but also the surrounding environment. DHM systems consider in most cases only physical user capabilities and with focus on consideration of body size related anthropometric diversity. However, the human-machine interaction is not only affected by the size and proportions of a user but for example also the user´s muscle strength and range of motion (ROM). This paper describes a study where diversity in strength and ROM, together with diversity in body size, is implemented in the process of creating data for a group of human arm models. A literature study was done to investigate the diversity of strength and ROM and the correlation between such measurements and body size data. The results from the literature study showed that there is little correlation between body size, strength and ROM. The study also showed that there are few published studies where body size, strength and ROM have been tested at the same time. From the literature study, generic correlation coefficients between body size, strength and ROM were synthesized. Using these correlation coefficients and Principal Component Analysis, data for a group of 14 female arm models with varying body size, strength and ROM were calculated. The results show that it is possible to introduce additional variables such as strength and ROM, but also that data of the correlation between body size and other types of anthropometric measurements are scarce. New measurement studies are important to decrease the uncertainties when predicting correlation coefficients between body size, strength and ROM variables.
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| 21. |
- Brolin, Erik, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Generation and evaluation of distributed cases by clustering of diverse anthropometric data
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human Factors Modelling and Simulation. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1742-5557. ; 5:3, s. 210-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a study where diversity in body size, strength and joint range of motion, together with diversity in other capability measurements, is included in the process of generating data for a group of test cases using cluster analysis. Descriptive statistics and correlation data was acquired for 15 variables for different age groups and both sexes. Based on this data, a population of 10,000 individuals was synthesised using correlated random numbers. The synthesised data was used in cluster analyses where three different clustering algorithms were applied and evaluated; hierarchical clustering, k-means clustering and Gaussian mixture distribution clustering. Results from the study show that the three clustering algorithms produce groups of test cases with different characteristics, where the hierarchical and k-means algorithm give the most diverse results and where the Gaussian mixture distribution gives results that are in between the first two.
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| 22. |
- Brolin, Erik, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Possibilities and challenges for proactive manufacturing ergonomics
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2018). - Cham : Springer. - 9783319960678 - 9783319960685 ; , s. 11-20
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper identifies and describes product development activities where ergonomics issues could be considered and illustrates how that could be done through a number of different approaches. The study is divided into two parts where an interview study is done to identify where in a product development process consideration of ergonomics issues are or could be done. The second part of the study includes an observation, motion capture and simulation study of current manufacturing operations to evaluate and compare three different assessment approaches; observational based ergonomics evaluation, usages of motion capture data and DHM simulation and evaluation. The results shows the importance of consideration of ergonomics in early development phases and that the ergonomics assessment process is integrated in the overall product and production development process.
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| 23. |
- Brolin, Erik, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Skewed Boundary Confidence Ellipses for Anthropometric Data
- 2020
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Ingår i: DHM2020. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643681047 - 9781643681054 ; , s. 18-27
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some anthropometric measurements, such as body weight often show a positively skewed distribution. Different types of transformations can be applied when handling skewed data in order to make the data more normally distributed. This paper presents and visualises how square root, log normal and, multiplicative inverse transformations can affect the data when creating boundary confidence ellipses. The paper also shows the difference of created manikin families, i.e. groups of manikin cases, when using transformed distributions or not, for three populations with different skewness. The results from the study show that transforming skewed distributions when generating confidence ellipses and boundary cases is appropriate to more accurately consider this type of diversity and correctly describe the shape of the actual skewed distribution. Transforming the data to create accurate boundary confidence regions is thought to be advantageous, as this would create digital manikins with enhanced accuracy that would produce more realistic and accurate simulations and evaluations when using DHM tools for the design of products and workplaces.
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| 24. |
- Brolin, Erik, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Statistical Posture Prediction of Vehicle Occupants in Digital Human Modelling Tools
- 2020
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Ingår i: Digital Human Modeling and Applications in Health, Safety, Ergonomics and Risk Management. Posture, Motion and Health. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030499037 - 9783030499044 ; , s. 3-17
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- When considering vehicle interior ergonomics in the automotive design and development process, it is important to be able to realistically predict the initial, more static, seated body postures of the vehicle occupants. This paper demonstrates how published statistical posture prediction models can be implemented into a digital human modelling (DHM) tool to evaluate and improve the overall posture prediction functionality in the tool. The posture prediction functionality uses two different posture prediction models in a sequence, in addition to the DHM tool´s functionality to optimize postures. The developed posture prediction functionality is demonstrated and visualized with a group of 30 digital human models, so called manikins, by using accurate car geometry in two different use case scenarios where the sizes of the adjustment ranges for the steering wheel and seat are altered. The results illustrate that it is possible to implement previously published posture prediction models in a DHM tool. The results also indicate that, depending on how the implemented functionality is used, different results will be obtained. Having access to a digital tool that can predict and visualize likely future vehicle occupants’ postures, for a family of manikins, enables designers and developers to consider and evaluate the human-product interaction and fit, in a consistent and transparent manner. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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| 25. |
- Brolin, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Virtual test persons based on diverse anthropometric data for ergonomics simulations and analysis
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 49th NES 2017 Conference "Joy at Work", Lund, August 20-23, 2017. - Lund : Lund University, Faculty of Engineering. - 9789177531524 ; , s. 232-239
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a study where diverse anthropometric data is included in the process of generating data for a group of virtual test persons. Data on body size, strength and ROM were either collected on an individual level or predicted and synthesized and then used in cluster analyses to generate six unique virtual test persons. Results show that the method is able to generate detailed virtual test persons which enables more realistic and accurate simulations, as strength and ROM data is included into the motion prediction algorithms used to generate motions.
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| 26. |
-
DHM2020 : Proceedings of the 6th International Digital Human Modeling Symposium, August 31 - September 2, 2020
- 2020
-
Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book of proceedings contains papers accepted for the 6th International Digital Human Modeling Symposium (DHM2020), hosted by the University of Skövde in Sweden, and held at the ASSAR Industrial Innovation Arena in Skövde, as well as online, August 31 – September 2, 2020. The proceedings of DHM2020 consists of 43 papers subdivided into six parts, reflecting the topics addressed at the symposium. Part 1 is entitled Anthropometry. It contains papers on the collection and processing of anthropometric data, and on the development of methods for how to use anthropometric data in DHM settings, e.g. in the design of truck interiors and protective equipment. Also included in this part are methods for handling 3D scan data, skewed data, and how to generate full body shapes with a limited number of measures. Part 2 is entitled Behaviour and Biomechanical Modeling. It contains papers on cognitive modeling of roadside human interactions, and on physical musculoskeletal modelling of jaw motions. Modelling of hand-eye strategies and vision behaviour are covered, representing areas in the intersection of cognitive and physical modelling. Also presented are modelling technologies, including optimal control and neural networks. Part 3 is entitled Human Motion Data Collection and Modeling. It contains papers on reach and grasp modelling, as well as posture stability and hand trajectories. This part also includes papers on how to gather motion data with 3D textiles and smart clothing, and how to store motion data in databases. Part 4 is entitled Human-Product Interaction Modeling. It contains papers on how vehicle drivers interact with automotive interiors. Seat interaction for vehicle drivers and pilots is presented, as well as papers on models for human-seat foam interaction. Also included in this part is modelling of exoskeleton as a human support. Part 5 is entitled Industry and User Perspectives. It contains papers on both industry, health, and medical sector perspectives. Examples are given on applications of DHM software and associated technologies. Future needs and identified gaps are discussed. Several papers focus on usability of DHM software, both on desktop and in VR. Also included in this part is gamification of DHM. Part 6 is entitled Production Planning and Ergonomics Evaluation. It contains papers on DHM as an ergonomics evaluation tool. Gender perspectives on DHM are presented, as well as a case from the maritime sector. The development of a multi-objective approach for DHM simulation and evaluation is presented. DHM simulations are compared with motion capture data. Also included in this part are DHM tools with VR functionality, combined with motion capture and AI technologies.
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| 27. |
- Garcia Rivera, Francisco, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
-
Using Virtual Reality and Smart Textiles to Assess the Design of Workstations
- 2020
-
Ingår i: SPS2020. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643681467 - 9781643681474 ; , s. 145-154
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a solution that integrates a smart textiles systemwith virtual reality to assess the design of workstations from an ergonomics pointof view. By using the system, ergonomists, designers, engineers, and operators,can test design proposals of workstations in an immersive virtual environmentwhile they see their ergonomics evaluation results displayed in real-time.. Thesystem allows its users to evaluate the ergonomics of the workplace in a preproduction phase. The workstation design can be modified, enabling workstationdesigners to better understand, test and evaluate how to create successfulworkstation designs, eventually to be used by the operators in production. Thisapproach uses motion capture together with virtual reality and is aimed tocomplement and integrate with the use of digital human modelling (DHM)software at virtual stages of the production development process.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Hanson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Industrial path solutions - intelligently moving manikins
- 2019
-
Ingår i: DHM and Posturography. - London : Academic Press. - 9780128167137 ; , s. 115-124
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- IPS IMMA (Industrial Path Solutions - Intelligently Moving Manikins) is a digital human modeling tool developed in close cooperation between academia and industry in Sweden. The academic consortium behind the software consists of expertise within applied mathematics, ergonomics, and engineering. The development of IMMA was initiated from the vehicle industries’ need of an effective, efficient, objective, and user-friendly software for verification of manufacturing ergonomics. The ‘Industrial path solutions - intelligently moving manikins’ chapter consists of two main sections: the first about the commercially available tool, and the second about current or recent research projects developing the software further. Commercial IPS IMMA is presented by describing the biomechanical model and appearance, anthropometrics module, motion prediction, instruction language, and ergonomics evaluation. The research projects focus on dynamic motions simulation, muscle modelling and application areas such as human-robot collaboration, occupant packaging, and layout planning.
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| 30. |
- Högberg, Dan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Accommodation levels for ellipsoid versus cuboid defined boundary cases
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier. - 2351-9789. ; 3, s. 3702-3708
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The boundary case method is established for the representation and consideration of anthropometric diversity in design tasks with certain characteristics. Sometime boundary cases are defined separately for two distributions, e.g. for females and males, which may lead to a situation where some boundary cases will be redundant in that they are located within the joint distribution rather than on the joint boundary. This paper describes and illustrates a method for automatic identification of redundant boundary cases that are located within two three-dimensional overlapping distributions.Practitioner Summary: The paper describes a pragmatic way to focus the design work on users with specific limiting body measurement combinations that can be used to obtain design data or be used to describe appropriate test persons or digital human models for design problems where the boundary case method is suitable.
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| 31. |
- Högberg, Dan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Basic Method for Handling Trivariate Normal Distributions in Case Definition for Design and Human Simulation
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Advances in Applied Digital Human Modeling. - : AHFE Conference. - 9781495120947 ; , s. 27-40
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper describes a basic approach for the establishment of representative test persons when performing accommodation analyses and wanting to simultaneously consider normal variation in three variables. The main application is for defining a number of different manikins when performing ergonomics simulations for boundary case based accommodation analyses using digital human modelling tools. The method is also applicable when wanting to select representative people to be involved in user trials or to get direct design data. One objective is that the proposed method shall support inclusive design in that it is easy to adopt by non-experts in multivariate accommodation analyses, and accordingly reduce the amount of unsuitable univariate accommodation analyses. The paper introduces the reader to the area of interest, making links to previous research and current problems. The approach for the development of the basic method is explained. The confidence ellipse method is used for defining appropriate boundary manikins according to three selected key variables and desired accommodation level. The paper includes two examples that illustrate the method and compare the method to an alternative method.
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| 32. |
- Högberg, Dan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Concept of Formalized Test Procedure for Proactive Assessment of Ergonomic Value by Digital Human Modelling Tools in Lean Product Development
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Advances in Human Factors in Simulation and Modeling. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer. - 9783319605906 - 9783319605913 ; , s. 425-436
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A concept of a formalized test procedure for proactive assessment of ergonomic value by digital human modelling (DHM) tools in lean product development (LPD) is proposed and described. The objective of the formalized procedure is to integrate the utilization of DHM tools in LPD and to support the delivery of ergonomic value and reduce waste in product and production development processes. A design process model is illustrated and described, and examples are given of how to specify and work with ergonomic value in the process.
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| 33. |
- Högberg, Dan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
DHM Based Test Procedure Concept for Proactive Ergonomics Assessments in the Vehicle Interior Design Process
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2018). - Cham, Switzerland : Springer. - 9783319960760 - 9783319960777 ; , s. 314-323
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of a digital human modelling (DHM) based test procedure concept for the assessment of physical ergonomics conditions in virtual phases of the vehicle interior design process is illustrated and discussed. The objective of the test procedure is to be a valuable tool for ergonomic evaluations and decision support along the design process, so that ergonomic issues can be dealt with in an efficient, objective and proactive manner. The test procedure is devised to support companies in having stable and objective processes, in accordance with lean product development (LPD) philosophies. The overall structure and fundamental functionality of the test procedure concept is explained by a simplified use case, utilizing the DHM tool IPS IMMA to: define manikin families and manikin tasks; predict manikin motions; and visualize simulations and ergonomics evaluation outcomes.
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| 34. |
- Högberg, Dan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Identification of redundant boundary cases
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 19th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association. - Zürich, Switzerland : The International Ergonomics Association. ; , s. 1-5
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The boundary case method is established for the representation and consideration of anthropometric diversity in design tasks with certain characteristics. Sometime boundary cases are defined separately for two distributions, e.g. for females and males, which may lead to a situation where some boundary cases will be redundant in that they are located within the joint distribution rather than on the joint boundary. This paper describes and illustrates a method for automatic identification of redundant boundary cases that are located within two three-dimensional overlapping distributions.Practitioner Summary: The paper describes a pragmatic way to focus the design work on users with specific limiting body measurement combinations that can be used to obtain design data or be used to describe appropriate test persons or digital human models for design problems where the boundary case method is suitable.
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| 35. |
- Iriondo Pascual, Aitor, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
-
Application of Multi-objective Optimization on Ergonomics in Production : A Case Study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Advances in Additive Manufacturing, Modeling Systems and 3D Prototyping. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030202156 - 9783030202163 ; , s. 584-594
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Taking a holistic perspective is central in production development, aiming to optimize ergonomics and overall production system performance. Hence, there is a need for tools and methods that can support production companies to identify the production system alternatives that are optimal regarding both ergonomics and production efficiency. The paper presents a devised case study where multi-objective optimization is applied, as a step to towards the development of such an optimization tool. The overall objective in the case study is to find the best order in which an operator performs manual tasks during a workday, considering ergonomics and production system efficiency simultaneously. More specifically, reducing the risk of injury from lifting tasks and improving the throughput are selected as the two optimization objectives. An optimization tool is developed, which communicates with a digital human modelling tool to simulate work tasks and assess ergonomics.
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| 36. |
- Iriondo Pascual, Aitor, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
-
Development and initial usability evaluation of a digital tool for simulation-based multi-objective optimization of productivity and worker well-being
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Advanced Engineering Informatics. - : Elsevier. - 1474-0346 .- 1873-5320. ; 62
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Engineers use modelling and simulation techniques to efficiently create, evaluate, and optimize design solutions.In an industrial production context, engineers often need to consider requirements related to both productivityand worker well-being in order to find successful design solutions. However, simulations related to productivityand worker well-being respectively, are typically carried out by different engineering roles, using different digitaltools. This lack of integrated work procedure could lead to inefficient development processes and suboptimaldesign solutions. Additionally, since performing multi-objective optimizations is likely to be seen as a complicated task by engineers in areas such as design engineering, production engineering, and ergonomics, requiringspecific knowledge and skills, such tasks are typically performed by engineers specialized on optimization. Thispaper presents the development and usability evaluation of a digital tool that supports engineers not specializedin optimization to define and perform simulation-based multi-objective optimizations of requirements related toboth productivity and worker well-being in an automated and simultaneous manner. The digital tool is the resultof research carried out over a period of four years, following an iterative development and assessment process bythe means of use cases, done in close collaboration with potential users of the digital tool, i.e. engineers at severalcompanies. The usability evaluation of the digital tool shows that potential users in the industry view the tool asa promising support for performing their engineering tasks in a more efficient and integrated manner.
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| 37. |
- Iriondo Pascual, Aitor, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
-
Multi-objective Optimization of Ergonomics and Productivity by Using an Optimization Framework
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021). - Cham : Springer. - 9783030746131 - 9783030746148 ; , s. 374-378
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simulation technologies are widely used in industry as they enable efficient creation, testing, and optimization of the design of products and production systems in virtual worlds, rather than creating,testing, and optimizing prototypes in the physical world. In an industrial production context, simulation of productivity and ergonomics helps companies to find and realize optimized solutions that uphold profitability, output, quality, and worker well-being in their production facilities. However, these two types of simulations are typically carried out using separate software, used by different users, with different objectives. This easily causes silo effects, leading to slow development processes and sub-optimal solutions. This paper reports on research related to the realization of an optimization framework that enables the concurrent optimization of aspects relating to both ergonomics and productivity. The framework is meant to facilitate the inclusion of Ergonomics 4.0 in the Industry 4.0 revolution.
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| 38. |
- Iriondo Pascual, Aitor, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
-
Optimizing Ergonomics and Productivity by Connecting Digital Human Modeling and Production Flow Simulation Software
- 2020
-
Ingår i: SPS2020. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643681467 - 9781643681474 ; , s. 193-204
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simulation software is used in the production development process to simulate production and predict behaviors, calculate times, and plan production in advance. Digital human modeling (DHM) software is used to simulate humans working in production and assess whether workstation designs offer appropriate ergonomic conditions for the workers. However, these human simulations are usually carried out by human factors engineers or ergonomists, whereas the production simulations are carried out by production engineers. Lack of integration of these two simulations can lead to suboptimal solutions when the factory is not optimized to improve both productivity and ergonomics. To tackle this problem, a platform has been developed that connects production flow simulation software data and DHM software data and integrates them in a generic software for data treatment and visualization. Production flow simulation software data and DHM software data are organized in a hierarchical structure that allows synchronization between the production data and the ergonomic data on the target simulation software. The platform is generic and can be connected to any production flow simulation software and any DHM software by creating specific links for each software. The platform requires only the models of the production line, workstations, and tasks in order to perform the simulations in the target simulation software and collect the simulation results to present the results to the user of the platform.
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| 39. |
- Iriondo Pascual, Aitor, 1993-
(författare)
-
Simulation-based multi-objective optimization of productivity and worker well-being
- 2023
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In industry, simulation software is used to simulate production, making it possible to predict events in production, calculate times and plan production, even in the early phases of the production development process. Software known as digital human modelling (DHM) tools can also be used to simulate humans working in production. When simulating digital human models, ergonomics evaluations can be carried out to assess whether workstation designs offer appropriate ergonomic conditions for the workers. However, simulations performed to predict and plan production are usually done separately from the human simulations performed to evaluate ergonomics. This can lead to suboptimal solutions in which a factory is optimized to improve either productivity or ergonomics. This thesis outlines the hypothesis that more optimal solutions for workstation design, layout and line balancing can be obtained in simulations by optimizing productivity and ergonomic factors simultaneously instead of considering them separately. Hence, the aim is to carry out research on the development of a simulation-based multi-objective optimization method for productivity and ergonomic factors and to realize the method as a software tool in order to test and communicate it. From an application and societal-impact perspective, the overall objective is to offer a new approach for designing production systems that focuses on both over-all system performance and the well-being of workers, reduces the effort of engineers and helps industry create more productive and sustainable workspaces.
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| 40. |
- Kolbeinsson, Ari, et al.
(författare)
-
Data-Driven Personas : Expanding DHM for a Holistic Approach
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Advances in Simulation and Digital Human Modeling. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030797621 - 9783030797638 ; , s. 296-303
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we detail research and development of data-driven personas in the IPS-IMMA digital human modelling system. Semi-automatically generating personas for working with user experience (UX) aspects of the Operator 4.0 side of Industry 4.0 is suggested as a viable approach for contributing to operator well-being and diversity by supporting workstation designers to take these factors into account early in the workstation design process. These data-driven personas are being developed to be generated using anthropometric data from the manikin family generation module of IPS-IMMA. Specific design suggestions are presented, what should be taken into account and how that will be implemented, and the current state of development of the data-driven personas module is discussed. Prototypes are planned under the coming year.
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| 41. |
- Larsson, Emma, 1991, et al.
(författare)
-
Active Human Body Model Predictions Compared to Volunteer Response in Experiments with Braking, Lane Change, and Combined Manoeuvres
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Conference proceedings International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, IRCOBI. - 2235-3151. ; :S1-9, s. 349-369
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Active human body models are an important tool to study occupant interaction with safety systems in evasive manoeuvres such as braking and/or steering. In this study a finite element human body model with and without closed-loop active muscle control in the neck and lower trunk was compared to volunteer occupants in six different load cases with lane change, braking, and combined manoeuvres using standard and prepretensioned seat belts. Seven different muscle controllers, using two different muscle activation strategies based either on head and torso displacements or muscle length, and one with the controller turned off have been compared to volunteer kinematics. Cross-correlation analysis with CORA was used to evaluate the model biofidelity. The results show an improvement in CORA scores when using active muscles, compared to the model with muscle activity turned off, for one load case and similar CORA scores between the models for five load cases. CORA scores ranged from 0.78 to 0.88 for the active models and 0.70 to 0.82 from the model with muscles turned off. The active model gave a kinematic response with good biofidelity in lane change with braking, pure braking, and lane change with pre-pretensioned seat belt, but the biofidelity of the model was rated as fair in lane change with standard seat belt.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Mahdavian, Nafise, et al.
(författare)
-
Digital human modelling in a virtual environment of CAD parts and a point cloud
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 5th International Digital Human Modeling Symposium. - : Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. ; , s. 283-291
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manual assembly is a time and cost consuming phase of production. It is crucial to design the assembly process so that overall system efficiency, quality output and human well-being meet desired levels. Since manual assembly involve humans, one support in the production design process is to use digital human modelling (DHM) tools to model and assess different design scenarios prior to the actual production process. In the traditional way, various CAD tools are used by engineers to model the production layout and the workstations. Then, these models typically are imported into a DHM tool to simulate human work, and to apply ergonomic evaluation methods on the simulated work tasks. This work, supported by CAD and DHM, can be a time consuming and iterative process as precise information and measurements of the actual assembly environment are needed, e.g. related to actual geometries of factory premises or of facilities surrounding the workstations. However, introducing point cloud scanning technology can provide the user with a more correct and realistic virtual representation of the environment, which allows for a faster and more precise design process.The aim of this paper is to present the developments and capabilities of the DHM tool IPS IMMA (Intelligently Moving Manikins) in an assembly process and in a virtual environment provided by point cloud scanning.
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| 44. |
- Mahdavian, Nafise, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of Giving Feedback on Postural Working Techniques
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Advances in Manufacturing Technology XXXII. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : IOS Press. - 9781614999010 - 9781614999027 ; , s. 247-252, s. 247-252
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Working postures and movements affect work efficiency and musculoskeletal health. To reduce the biomechanical exposure in physically demanding settings, working techniques may be improved by giving instant ergonomic feedback to the operator. This study investigates if feedback can be used to decrease adverse postures and movements in assembly work. A prototype solution of a smart textile workwear was used on a trainee assembly line. Posture and movement signals of 24 trainee operators were sampled via the workwear, transferred to a tablet for analyses and used to provide feedback suggesting improvements of work technique. Two modes of feedback were tested. Every participant’s work technique was measured before and after receiving the feedback and the results were compared. For upper arm elevation angle ≥60, behaviour change is indicated, supporting a positive work technique change, and indicated a future usefulness of technical automatic feedback for operators.
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| 45. |
- Marshall, Russel, et al.
(författare)
-
Digital Human Modelling : Inclusive Design and the Ageing Population
- 2022. - 1
-
Ingår i: Internet of Things for Human-Centered Design. - Singapore : Springer Nature. - 9789811684876 - 9789811684883 - 9789811684906 ; , s. 73-96
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital human modelling (DHM) is a tool that allows humans to be modelled in three-dimensional CAD. An almost infinite variety of humans can be modelled and families of so-called manikins can be created to act as virtual user groups, evaluating the interactions between humans and products, workplaces and environments. This chapter introduces the concept of DHM, its use of, and reliance on, anthropometric data from national populations and showcases two exemplar tools in SAMMIE and IPS IMMA. Case studies are presented that highlight the advantages DHM can bring to understanding the requirements of designing for the ageing population; covering designing for the ageing workforce, the exploration of transport accessibility and how users can generate representative manikin families to properly represent the diversity of people. DHM is demonstrated to be a powerful tool for practitioners aiming to understand and design for people, including older people within society.
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| 46. |
- Perez Luque, Estela, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
-
Challenges for the Consideration of Ergonomics in Product Development in the Swedish Automotive Industry – An Interview Study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: DESIGN2022. - : Cambridge University Press. ; , s. 2165-2174
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an interview study aiming to understand the state of the art of how ergonomics designers work in the vehicle development process within the Swedish automotive industry. Ten ergonomic designers from seven different companies participated in the interview study. Results report the ergonomics designers' objectives, workflow, tools, challenges, and ideal work performance tool. We identify four main gaps and research directions that can enhance the current challenges: human behavior predictions, simulation tool usability, ergonomics evaluations, and integration between systems.
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| 47. |
- Perez Luque, Estela, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
-
Simulation of hip joint location for occupant packaging design
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th International Digital Human Modeling Symposium (DHM 2022), August 29–30, 2022, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. - : University of Iowa Press. - 9780984037841 ; , s. 1-12
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- DHM tools have been widely used to analyze and improve vehicle occupant packaging and interior design in the automotive industry. However, these tools still present some limitations for this application. Accurately characterizing seated posture is crucial for ergonomic and safety evaluations. Current human posture and motion predictions in DHM tools are not accurate enough for the precise nature of vehicle interior design, typically requiring manual adjustments from DHM users to get more accurate driving and passenger simulations. Manual adjustment processes can be time-consuming, tedious, and subjective, easily causing non-repeatable simulation results. These limitations create the need to validate the simulation results with real-world studies, which increases the cost and time in the vehicle development process. Working with multiple Swedish automotive companies, we have begun to identify and specify the limitations of DHM tools relating to driver and passenger posture predictions given predefined vehicle geometry points/coordinates and specific human body parts relationships. Two general issues frame the core limitations. First, human kinematic models used in DHM tools are based on biomechanics models that do not provide definitions of these models in relation to vehicle geometries. Second, vehicle designers follow standards and regulations to obtain key human reference points in seated occupant locations. However, these reference points can fail to capture the range of human variability. This paper describes the relationship between a seated reference point and a biomechanical hip joint for driving simulations. The lack of standardized connection between occupant packaging guidelines and the biomechanical knowledge of humans creates a limitation for ergonomics designers and DHM users. We assess previous studies addressing hip joint estimation from different fields to establish the key aspects that might affect the relationship between standard vehicle geometry points and the hip joint. Then we suggest a procedure for standardizing points in human models within DHM tools. A better understanding of this problem may contribute to achieving closer to reality driving posture simulations and facilitating communication of ergonomics requirements to the design team within the product development process.
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| 48. |
- Ruiz Castro, Pamela, et al.
(författare)
-
IPS IMMA for designing human-robot collaboration workstations
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 5th International Digital Human Modeling Symposium. - : Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. ; , s. 263-273
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global competition has forced manufacturing companies to further increase their productivity. This, together with technology development and changes in regulations, have led to the introduction of new types of workstations in production lines, where human operators collaborate with industrial robots to perform work tasks. As any type of product, these workstations need to be designed in the most optimal way to deliver the expected value. In the design process of these collaborative workstations, separate virtual simulations of industrial robots and human operators can be made with multiple commercial software. Separate simulations reduce the efficiency of the design process and makes it harder to identify successful design solutions. Hence, there is a need for software tools that are capable of simultaneous simulation of the human-robot collaboration in a workstation. Providing engineers with such tools will assist their tasks to optimize the human and robot workflow, while proactively ensuring proper ergonomic conditions for operators.This paper describes and illustrates how the digital human modelling (DHM) tool IPS IMMA can aid in the design of human-robot collaboration workstations. A use case where the human operator collaborates with a robot to produce a section of a pedal car in a virtual scenario is described. The use case illustrates the current capabilities and limitations of the software to simulate human-robot collaborations in workstations. Hence, the use case aims to provide input for further development of DHM tools aimed to assist the design of human-robot collaboration workstations.
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| 49. |
- Sederholm Lawesson, Sofia, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Association Between History of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Coronary Artery Disease Assessed by Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: JAMA. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1538-3598 .- 0098-7484. ; 329:5, s. 393-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adverse pregnancy outcomes are recognized risk enhancers for cardiovascular disease, but the prevalence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis after these conditions is unknown.To assess associations between history of adverse pregnancy outcomes and coronary artery disease assessed by coronary computed tomography angiography screening.Cross-sectional study of a population-based cohort of women in Sweden (n=10528) with 1 or more deliveries in 1973 or later, ascertained via the Swedish National Medical Birth Register, who subsequently participated in the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study at age 50 to 65 (median, 57.3) years in 2013-2018. Delivery data were prospectively collected.Adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, preterm delivery, small-for-gestational-age infant, and gestational diabetes. The reference category included women with no history of these exposures.Coronary computed tomography angiography indexes, including any coronary atherosclerosis, significant stenosis, noncalcified plaque, segment involvement score of 4 or greater, and coronary artery calcium score greater than 100.A median 29.6 (IQR, 25.0-34.9) years after first registered delivery, 18.9% of women had a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes, with specific pregnancy histories ranging from 1.4% (gestational diabetes) to 9.5% (preterm delivery). The prevalence of any coronary atherosclerosis in women with a history of any adverse pregnancy outcome was 32.1% (95% CI, 30.0%-34.2%), which was significantly higher (prevalence difference, 3.8% [95% CI, 1.6%-6.1%]; prevalence ratio, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.06-1.22]) compared with reference women. History of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia were both significantly associated with higher and similar prevalence of all outcome indexes. For preeclampsia, the highest prevalence difference was observed for any coronary atherosclerosis (prevalence difference, 8.0% [95% CI, 3.7%-12.3%]; prevalence ratio, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.14-1.45]), and the highest prevalence ratio was observed for significant stenosis (prevalence difference, 3.1% [95% CI, 1.1%-5.1%]; prevalence ratio, 2.46 [95% CI, 1.65-3.67]). In adjusted models, odds ratios for preeclampsia ranged from 1.31 (95% CI, 1.07-1.61) for any coronary atherosclerosis to 2.21 (95% CI, 1.42-3.44) for significant stenosis. Similar associations were observed for history of preeclampsia or gestational hypertension among women with low predicted cardiovascular risk.Among Swedish women undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography screening, there was a statistically significant association between history of adverse pregnancy outcomes and image-identified coronary artery disease, including among women estimated to be at low cardiovascular disease risk. Further research is needed to understand the clinical importance of these associations.
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- Sjögreen Gleisner, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term retention of 177Lu/177mLu-Dotatate in patients investigated by gamma spectrometry and gamma camera imaging.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Medicine. - : Society of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505 .- 2159-662X. ; 56:7, s. 976-984
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dosimetry in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy using (177)Lu-Dotatate is based on patient imaging during the first week after administration, and determination of the activity retention as a function of time for different tissues. For calculation of the absorbed dose it is generally assumed that the long-term activity retention follows the pattern determined from the first week. This work aims to investigate the validity of this assumption by performing additional patient measurements between 5 and 10 weeks after administration. A further aim is to investigate to what extent absorbed dose values are affected when including these measurements, also taking into account the radionuclide impurity of (177)mLu and build-up of secondary (177)Lu from the (177)mLu decay.
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