| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Edner, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Does a magnetic blanket induce changes in muscular blood flow, skin temperature and muscular tension in horses?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Equine Veterinary Journal. - : Wiley. - 0425-1644 .- 2042-3306. ; 47:3, s. 302-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reasons for performing studyStatic magnetic blankets are often claimed to induce increases in blood flow, reduce muscle tension and tenderness, and be beneficial in both prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal injuries in horses. However, there are no studies that confirm alleged beneficial effects of magnets on muscles of the back in healthy horses. ObjectivesTo investigate whether static magnets sewn into a blanket affect back muscle blood flow, skin temperature, mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) and behaviour in healthy horses. Study designProspective, randomised, blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study. MethodsThe following outcome measurements of the back of 10 healthy horses were performed; blood flow by photoplethysmography, skin temperature by use of thermistors in conjunction with digital infrared thermography, and MNTs by algometry. The horses behaviour was filmed during the procedure and scored on an ethogram. Measurements were performed repeatedly for a 30min baseline period. Thereafter a blanket with active, static magnets (900 gauss) or placebo magnets was placed on the horse and measurements were performed for a 60min treatment period and a 30min post treatment period. The study procedure was repeated on the consecutive day, when the horse received the alternative treatment. ResultsBlood flow in muscle, skin temperatures, MNTs and behavioural traits did not differ between active and placebo magnetic blankets. Skin temperature increased similarly during both active and placebo blanket treatment. ConclusionsIn healthy horses, magnetic blankets did not induce additional significant effects on muscle blood flow, skin temperature, MNTs and behaviour when compared with nonmagnetic blankets.
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| 4. |
- Gaillard, Marie-José, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Holocene land-cover reconstructions for studies on land cover-climate feedbacks
- 2010
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Ingår i: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 6, s. 483-499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The major objectives of this paper are: (1) to review the pros and cons of the scenarios of past anthropogenic land cover change (ALCC) developed during the last ten years, (2) to discuss issues related to pollen-based reconstruction of the past land-cover and introduce a new method, REVEALS (Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites), to infer long-term records of past land-cover from pollen data, (3) to present a new project (LANDCLIM: LAND cover – CLIMate interactions in NW Europe during the Holocene) currently underway, and show preliminary results of REVEALS reconstructions of the regional land-cover in the Czech Republic for five selected time windows of the Holocene, and (4) to discuss the implications and future directions in climate and vegetation/land-cover modeling, and in the assessment of the effects of human-induced changes in land-cover on the regional climate through altered feedbacks. The existing ALCC scenarios show large discrepancies between them, and few cover time periods older than AD 800. When these scenarios are used to assess the impact of human land-use on climate, contrasting results are obtained. It emphasizes the need for methods such as the REVEALS model-based land-cover reconstructions. They might help to fine-tune descriptions of past land-cover and lead to a better understanding of how long-term changes in ALCC might have influenced climate. The REVEALS model is demonstrated to provide better estimates of the regional vegetation/landcover changes than the traditional use of pollen percentages. This will achieve a robust assessment of land cover at regional- to continental-spatial scale throughout the Holocene. We present maps of REVEALS estimates for the percentage cover of 10 plant functional types (PFTs) at 200 BP and 6000 BP, and of the two open-land PFTs “grassland” and “agricultural land” at five time-windows from 6000 BP to recent time. The LANDCLIM results are expected to provide crucial data to reassess ALCC estimates for a better understanding of the land suface-atmosphere interactions.
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| 5. |
- Gudmundsdottir, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The type and timing of patent ductus arteriosus treatment was associated with neurodevelopment when extremely preterm infants reached 6.5 years
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 110:2, s. 510-520
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This study investigated patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) treatment and neurodevelopmental outcomes when extremely preterm born children reached 6.5 years. Method: Our cohort was 435 children with neonatal PDA treatment data and neurodevelopmental follow-up data, born in 2004-2007, who participated in the Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study. Pharmacological or surgical PDA treatment and the age at PDA treatment, were investigated in relation to the risks of moderate to severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) and full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) at 6.5 years. Results: The children who received PDA drug treatment, including those who also had surgery, had the same risk of moderate to severe NDI or lower FSIQ as untreated children. However, children who had primary PDA surgery faced increased risks of NDI, with an adjusted incidence rate ratio of 1.62 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28-2.06) and a lower adjusted mean difference FSIQ of −7.1 (95% CI −11 to −3.2). Surgery at less than 10 days of life was associated with a significantly increased risk of moderate to severe NDI and lower FSIQ than surgery after 20 days. Conclusion: Drug treatment followed by deferred surgery appeared to be a safer option for extremely preterm infants severely affected by PDA.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hjelm, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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Factors associated with increased risk for dementia in individuals age 80 years or older with congestive heart failure
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0889-4655 .- 1550-5049. ; 29:1, s. 82-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and research objective: An increasing body of evidence shows that individuals diagnosed with congestive heart failure (CHF) are at a higher risk for dementia. However, the prevalence rate of dementia among persons with CHF in very old individuals has not been previously reported, and little is known about the comorbidities that place old persons with CHF at a higher risk for dementia. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of dementia in individuals 80 years or older who have CHF with that in individuals without CHF and to identify factors related to dementia in individuals diagnosed with CHF.Methods: A total of 702 participants from a Swedish population-based longitudinal study (Octogenerian Twin) were included. The group consisted of same-sex twin pairs, age 80 years or older, and 138 participants had CHF. Dementia was diagnosed according to criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised. Generalized estimating equations including gender, age and educational level, waist circumference, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, depression, and blood values were used in a case-control analysis.Results: Individuals with CHF had a significantly higher prevalence of vascular dementia, 16% vs 6% (P < 0.001), and of all types of dementia, 40% vs 30% (P < 0.01), than those not diagnosed with CHF. The generalized estimating equation models showed that depression, hypertension, and/or increased levels of homocysteine were all associated with a higher risk for dementia in individuals with CHF. Diabetes was specifically associated with an increased risk for vascular dementia.Conclusions: The prevalence of dementia was higher among individuals with CHF than in those without CHF. Diabetes, depression, and hypertension in patients with CHF require special attention from healthcare professionals because these conditions are associated with an elevated risk for dementia. Higher levels of homocysteine were also found to be a marker of dementia in patients with CHF. Further research is needed to identify the factors related to dementia in individuals 80 years or older diagnosed with CHF.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hjelm, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of heart failure on longitudinal changes in cognition among individuals 80 years of age and older
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 21:7-8, s. 994-1003
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between heart failure and specific cognitive abilities in octogenarians with regard to level and change over time.Background. Cognitive impairment is influenced by many factors, and the impact of heart failure is debated. Intact cognitive ability is crucial for successful self-care in patients with heart failure. Middle-aged patients with heart failure seem to have an increased risk of cognitive impairment. No studies have examined the association between heart failure and longitudinal cognitive changes in octogenarians (individuals 80 years and older).Design. A prospective longitudinal design.Methods. Cognitive tests were carried out five times (1991–2002) in 702 octogenarians from the Swedish Twin Registry, including same-sex twin pairs. The test battery included the measurement of processing speed, visuospatial ability, short-term, episodic and semantic memory. Latent growth curve modelling was employed to measure change and performance over time and compares the group diagnosed with heart failure to individuals without a heart failure diagnosis.Results. At baseline, the participants’ mean age was 83·5 years, 67% were women and 13% suffered from heart failure. Individuals diagnosed with heart failure scored significantly lower in spatial abilities and episodic memory than participants not diagnosed with heart failure. Moreover, measures of episodic memory declined more over time in individuals diagnosed with heart failure. There were no significant differences between the groups in other cognitive tests.Conclusion. Spatial problems and episodic memory have implications for everyday life. This might contribute to decreased adherence to prescribed therapy and self-care management and lead to socio-behavioural problems because of an impaired capacity to drive, read and write.Relevance to clinical practice. Nurses should take into account in their assessment that cognitive impairment may restrain elderly heart failure patient’s ability to make decisions and perform self-care actions. Patient education strategies should also be adapted to cognitive ability.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Mazier, F., et al.
(författare)
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Testing the effect of site selection and parameter setting on REVEALS-model estimates of plant abundance using the Czech Quaternary Palynological Database
- 2012
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Ingår i: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-6667 .- 1879-0615. ; 187, s. 38-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- REVEALS-based quantitative reconstruction of Holocene vegetation cover (expressed in plant functional types. PFTs) is used in the LANDCLIM project to assess the effect of human-induced land-cover change on past climate in NW Europe. Using the Czech Quaternary Pollen Database, this case study evaluates the extent to which selection of data and input parameters for the REVEALS model applications would affect reconstruction outcomes. The REVEALS estimates of PFTs (grid-cell based REVEALS PET estimates, GB REVEALS PFT-s) are calculated for five time windows of the Holocene using fossil pollen records available in each 1 degrees x1 degrees grid cell of the Czech Republic. The input data and parameters selected for testing are: basin type and size, number of C-14 dates used to establish the chronology of the pollen records, number of taxa, and pollen productivity estimates (PPE). We used the Spearman correlation coefficient to test the hypothesis that there is no association between GB REVEALS PET-s using different data and parameter inputs. The results show that differences in the basin size and type, number of dates, number and type of taxa (entomophilous included or not), and PPE dataset do not affect the rank orders of the GB REVEALS PET-s significantly, except for the cases when entomophilous taxa are included. It implies that, given careful selection of data and parameter and interpretation of results, REVEALS applications can use pollen records from lakes and bogs of different sizes together for reconstruction of past land cover at the regional to sub-continental spatial scales for purposes such as the study of past land cover-climate interactions. Our study also provides useful criteria to set up protocols for data compilation REVEALS applications of this kind. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Pearce, Elena A., et al.
(författare)
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Substantial light woodland and open vegetation characterized the temperate forest biome before Homo sapiens
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - 2375-2548. ; 9:45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extent of vegetation openness in past European landscapes is widely debated. In particular, the temperate forest biome has traditionally been defined as dense, closed-canopy forest; however, some argue that large herbivores maintained greater openness or even wood-pasture conditions. Here, we address this question for the Last Interglacial period (129,000–116,000 years ago), before Homo sapiens–linked megafauna declines and anthropogenic landscape transformation. We applied the vegetation reconstruction method REVEALS to 96 Last Interglacial pollen records. We found that light woodland and open vegetation represented, on average, more than 50% cover during this period. The degree of openness was highly variable and only partially linked to climatic factors, indicating the importance of natural disturbance regimes. Our results show that the temperate forest biome was historically heterogeneous rather than uniformly dense, which is consistent with the dependency of much of contemporary European biodiversity on open vegetation and light woodland.
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| 15. |
- Trondman, Anna-Kari, et al.
(författare)
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Pollen-based quantitative reconstructions of Holocene regional vegetation cover (plant-functional types and land-cover types) in Europe suitable for climate modelling
- 2015
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 21:2, s. 676-697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present quantitative reconstructions of regional vegetation cover in north-western Europe, western Europe north of the Alps, and eastern Europe for five time windows in the Holocene [around 6k, 3k, 0.5k, 0.2k, and 0.05k calendar years before present (bp)] at a 1 degrees x1 degrees spatial scale with the objective of producing vegetation descriptions suitable for climate modelling. The REVEALS model was applied on 636 pollen records from lakes and bogs to reconstruct the past cover of 25 plant taxa grouped into 10 plant-functional types and three land-cover types [evergreen trees, summer-green (deciduous) trees, and open land]. The model corrects for some of the biases in pollen percentages by using pollen productivity estimates and fall speeds of pollen, and by applying simple but robust models of pollen dispersal and deposition. The emerging patterns of tree migration and deforestation between 6k bp and modern time in the REVEALS estimates agree with our general understanding of the vegetation history of Europe based on pollen percentages. However, the degree of anthropogenic deforestation (i.e. cover of cultivated and grazing land) at 3k, 0.5k, and 0.2k bp is significantly higher than deduced from pollen percentages. This is also the case at 6k in some parts of Europe, in particular Britain and Ireland. Furthermore, the relationship between summer-green and evergreen trees, and between individual tree taxa, differs significantly when expressed as pollen percentages or as REVEALS estimates of tree cover. For instance, when Pinus is dominant over Picea as pollen percentages, Picea is dominant over Pinus as REVEALS estimates. These differences play a major role in the reconstruction of European landscapes and for the study of land cover-climate interactions, biodiversity and human resources.
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| 16. |
- Alev, Uellar, et al.
(författare)
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Indoor hygrothermal condition and user satisfaction in naturally ventilated historic houses in temperate humid continental climate around the Baltic Sea
- 2016
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Ingår i: Architectural Science Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-8628 .- 1758-9622. ; 59:1, s. 53-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indoor climate and user satisfaction were analysed by field measurement and a questionnaire in 67 traditional rural houses in Estonia, Finland and Sweden. Our findings showed that the indoor climate in all the investigated historic rural houses needs improvement. The room temperature was mainly too low during winter. Leaky houses had also a larger vertical temperature difference. The relative humidity in the unheated and periodically heated houses was high during winter and caused risk for mould growth in 17% of all houses and 33% of unheated houses. Significant differences of indoor humidity loads in different houses were revealed depending on the living density and usage profile. During the winter period, the design value of moisture excess was 4-5g/m(3) and the average moisture load was 2-3.5g/m(3). The indoor humidity load in historic houses was similar to that in modern houses. The results of the questionnaire showed that main problems were related to unstable or too low temperatures. At the same time, inhabitants rated the overall indoor climate as healthy and no statistically important relations were found between average indoor temperature and complaints about too cold or too warm indoor temperatures.
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| 17. |
- Alev, Ullar, et al.
(författare)
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Renovation alternatives to improve energy performance of historic rural houses in the Baltic Sea region
- 2014
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 77, s. 58-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyses renovation alternatives to improve energy performance of historic rural houses in three countries (Estonia, Finland, Sweden) in the Baltic Sea region (cold climate). The study was conducted by a combination of field measurements and simulations. Indoor climate, typical houses and structures as well as the current condition and need for renovation were determined by field measurements. Based on field measurements, indoor climate and energy simulation models were validated and used to calculate energy use for different renovation measures. Energy renovation packages were calculated for different scenarios (minimal influence on the appearance of the house, improvement of thermal comfort, improvement of building service systems) for different energy saving levels. The analysis showed that the improvement of building service systems and the energy source holds the largest energy saving potential. The building envelope of old rural houses needs improvement also due to high thermal transmittance and air leakage. The insulation of the external wall has the largest single energy saving potential of the building's envelope. The results show how energy savings depend on energy saving targets, typology of the building, thermal transmittance of original structures, and building service systems. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 18. |
- Andersson, Jonny, et al.
(författare)
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Skånska småvatten nu och då : En förändringsinventering med hjälp av flygbilder från 1940-, 1980- och 2000-talet
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SammanfattningSmåvatten i form av dammar och våtmarker har en viktig funktion i både denterrestra och akvatiska miljön. Småvatten är en svacka eller hålighet som ärvattenfylld året om. De främjar den biologiska mångfalden på landskaps och artnivå genom att utöka antalet småbiotoper och vara uppehållsplats och födoplatsför många djur och växter. De fungerar även som buffert för flödesvariationer ochsom kväverenare i vattendrag, vilket minskar halten näringsämnen som når ut ihavet och där bidrar till övergödning. De flesta antropogena småvattnen har sittursprung från 1800-talet och 1900-talets början, då näringsrik märgellera grävdesupp från åkrar och hålen på åkrar fylldes upp med nederbörd. I samband medjordbrukets effektivisering så jämnades många av dessa märgelhålor och antaletsmåvetten minskade avsevärt. Sedan mitten på 1980-talet har småvatten ochvåtmarker uppmärksammats i en rad olika miljöprojekt i Skåne.Syftet med det här projektet var att undersöka hur förekomsten av småvattenförändrats under de senaste 60 åren. Inventeringen gjordes med hjälp avflygfotografier från 1940-, 1980- och 2000-talet. Basen för studien är 30 stycken5*5 kilometers rutor slumpmässigt fördelade i Skåne. Analysen innebar attuppskatta antalet och totala arean småvatten i varje ruta. En indelning av skog ochåker region gjordes för att studera regionsskillnader. En klassificering avomkringliggande marktyp utfördes för att se i vilken marktyp som främstaförändringarna skett samt i vilken storleksklass dessa förändringar inträffat.Projektet syftade även till att utarbeta en metodik för att kunna utföra en storskaliginventering av småvattenförändringar under en lång tidsperiod.Resultaten visar att metodiken för att genomföra en inventering av detta slag vartillfredsställande vad gäller area- och antalsförändringen, och grunddata för attvidare undersöka kvävereningspotential för småvatten saknas. Vidare har antaletsmåvatten nästan halverats mellan 1940-talet och 1980-talet för att därefter ökaframtill 2000-talet. Förändringen är störst bland de minsta småvatten (0-0.1 ha)som minskar kraftigt i framförallt åkermark. Sedan 1980-talet har antaletmedelsmå småvatten (0.1-1 ha) tillkommit i gräsmark. Medelantalet småvattenhar minskat och därmed småbiotopstätheten och goda förutsättningar för växteroch djur knutna till dessa att spridas och fortplanta sig i landskapet. Medelareanav småvatten med eller utan genomflöde har ökat sedan 1940-talet vilket skulleinnebära att kvävereningspotentialen förbättrats. Dock har förmodligenkvävebelastningen ökat avsevärt under samma tid.För framtida studier om hydrologiska förändringar i Skåne bör grunddata förutbredning av vattendrag kompletteras och förbättras. Långtidsstudier kan medfördel sträcka sig längre tillbaka med hjälp av historiska kartor ochpalaeolimnologiska studier. Dessa studier skulle utföras i ett dräneringsområdeistället för i slumpade inventerings rutor.
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| 19. |
- Beck, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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Having to focus on doing rather than being : nurse assistants' experience of palliative care in municipal residential care settings
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 49:4, s. 455-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Palliative care should be provided, irrespective of setting to all patients facing a life-threatening illness and to their families. The situation and needs of older people differ from those of younger people since they often have several co-existing diseases and health complaints. This implies an extensive need for care and for longer periods of palliative care. The main providers of palliative care for older people are nurse assistants, who are also those with the shortest education. AIM: The aim of this study was to illuminate nurse assistants' experience of palliative care for older people in residential care. DESIGN: The study had an explorative, descriptive design. SETTINGS: Thirteen residential care units in three different districts in a large city in southern Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-five nurse assistants selected to represent variations in age, gender workplace and work experience. METHODS: Data were collected from six focus-group interviews and subjected to content analysis to gain an understanding of the phenomenon. RESULTS: The nurse assistants described palliative care as a contrast to the everyday care they performed in that they had a legitimate possibility to provide the care needed and a clear assignment in relation to relatives. Palliative care also meant having to face death and dying while feeling simultaneous that it was unnatural to talk about death and having to deal with their own emotions. They emphasised that they were in need of support and experienced leadership as invisible and opaque, but gained strength from being recognized. CONCLUSION: In order to support nurse assistants in providing high quality end-of-life care, more focus is needed on the trajectory of older peoples' dying, on the importance of involving relatives throughout the period of care provision, and on support when encountering death and dying. There is also a need for engaged care leaders, both registered nurses and managers, to recognize the work of nurse assistants and to support care provision for older people within the framework of palliative care philosophy.
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| 20. |
- Beck, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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Having to focus on doing rather than being : nurse assistants' experience of palliative care in municipal residential care settings
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Elsevier Ltd.. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 49:4, s. 455-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Palliative care should be provided, irrespective of setting to all patients facing a life-threatening illness and to their families. The situation and needs of older people differ from those of younger people since they often have several co-existing diseases and health complaints. This implies an extensive need for care and for longer periods of palliative care. The main providers of palliative care for older people are nurse assistants, who are also those with the shortest education. AIM: The aim of this study was to illuminate nurse assistants' experience of palliative care for older people in residential care. DESIGN: The study had an explorative, descriptive design. SETTINGS: Thirteen residential care units in three different districts in a large city in southern Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-five nurse assistants selected to represent variations in age, gender workplace and work experience. METHODS: Data were collected from six focus-group interviews and subjected to content analysis to gain an understanding of the phenomenon. RESULTS: The nurse assistants described palliative care as a contrast to the everyday care they performed in that they had a legitimate possibility to provide the care needed and a clear assignment in relation to relatives. Palliative care also meant having to face death and dying while feeling simultaneous that it was unnatural to talk about death and having to deal with their own emotions. They emphasised that they were in need of support and experienced leadership as invisible and opaque, but gained strength from being recognized. CONCLUSION: In order to support nurse assistants in providing high quality end-of-life care, more focus is needed on the trajectory of older peoples' dying, on the importance of involving relatives throughout the period of care provision, and on support when encountering death and dying. There is also a need for engaged care leaders, both registered nurses and managers, to recognize the work of nurse assistants and to support care provision forolder people within the framework of palliative care philosophy.
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| 21. |
- Bergström, Helena, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Child sexual abuse at preschools - a research review of a complex issue for preschool professionals
- 2016
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Ingår i: Early Child Development and Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0300-4430 .- 1476-8275. ; 186:9, s. 1520-1528
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this research review is to synthesize research published between 2000 and 2015 regarding child sexual abuse, preschool and preschool teachers. The review identifies themes relevant for the preschool teacher profession: child sexual abuse at preschools, suspicions and consequences for the preschool sector, preventing techniques and the preschool teacher as a safeguarder. Furthermore, important types of tensions in efforts to safeguard against child sexual abuse are identified: the importance of listening to children and avoiding false allegations, the preschool teacher as a safeguarder and a potential abuser, and the importance of preventing child sexual abuse and providing qualitative care of children. Implications for the profession, the education of preschool teachers and the need for more research are addressed.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Bergström, Helena, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Samtycke, känslor och möjligheter att agera : barnsyn och barns aktörskap i sexualbrottsförebyggande litteratur för förskoleåldern
- 2022
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Ingår i: Barn. - : Cappelen Damm AS - Cappelen Damm Akademisk. - 0800-1669 .- 2535-5449. ; 40:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I artikeln analyseras svenska bilderböcker som gör anspråk på att förebygga sexuella övergrepp. Syftet med studien är att analysera böckernas barnsyn och syn på barns aktörskap. Analysen visar att böckerna beskriver övergrepp i vaga uttryck. Ett huvudbudskap är att principen om samtycke ska gälla för barn, men utan att kopplas till sex. Samtycke uppnås genom att känna efter och agera utifrån egna och andras kroppsliga integritetsgränser. Barn positioneras som utsatta gentemot vuxna, samtidigt som de ska förstå att de kan agera nästan jämlikt. Vissa budskap riktar sig direkt till eller om vuxna; att de måste lyssna på barn. Analysen visar att böckerna har ett fokus som inte framkommit i studier av internationell utgivning. De svenska exemplen kan ses som en bred socialisation för att förebygga sexuella övergrepp mot barn, men också mot vuxna.
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| 24. |
- Bergström, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish media discourses about child sexual abuse in preschools : the best interest of the child and continued trust in male teachers
- 2020
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Ingår i: Early Child Development and Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0300-4430 .- 1476-8275. ; 190:12, s. 1878-1886
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The framing of news promotes certain interpretations. The representation of a problem in public media thereby affects the idea of what to do about that problem. This article analyses discourses about child sexual abuse (CSA) in preschools, occurring in Swedish printed media 2014–2015, and interprets the effects that the discourses may have on the social practices. ‘The discourse of the best interest of the child and preschool as a good place’ and ‘the discourse of equality as an ideal’ dominate the material, although narratives describe CSA. Solutions to limiting CSA are discussed only rarely.
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| 25. |
- Bragée, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Historical TOC concentration minima during peak sulfur deposition in two Swedish lakes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 12:2, s. 307-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decadal-scale variations in total organic carbon (TOC) concentration in lake water since AD1200 in two small lakes in southern Sweden were reconstructed based on visible-near-infrared spectroscopy (VNIRS) of their recent sediment successions. In order to assess the impacts of local land-use changes, regional variations in sulfur, and nitrogen deposition and climate variations on the inferred changes in TOC concentration, the same sediment records were subjected to multi-proxy palaeolimnological analyses. Changes in lake-water pH were inferred from diatom analysis, whereas pollen-based land-use reconstructions (Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm) together with geochemical records provided information on catchment-scale environmental changes, and comparisons were made with available records of climate and population density. Our long-term reconstructions reveal that inferred lake-water TOC concentrations were generally high prior to AD1900, with additional variability coupled mainly to changes in forest cover and agricultural land-use intensity. The last century showed significant changes, and unusually low TOC concentrations were inferred at AD1930-1990, followed by a recent increase, largely consistent with monitoring data. Variations in sulfur emissions, with an increase in the early 1900s to a peak around AD1980 and a subsequent decrease, were identified as an important driver of these dynamics at both sites, while processes related to the introduction of modern forestry and recent increases in precipitation and temperature may have contributed, but the effects differed between the sites. The increase in lake-water TOC concentration from around AD1980 may therefore reflect a recovery process. Given that the effects of sulfur deposition now subside and that the recovery of lake-water TOC concentrations has reached pre-industrial levels, other forcing mechanisms related to land management and climate change may become the main drivers of TOC concentration changes in boreal lake waters in the future.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Broström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Type D personality to perceived side effects and adherence in CPAP-treated patients with OSAS
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Sleep Research. - : Wiley. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869. ; 16:4, s. 439-447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the treatment of choice for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), but side effects are common and long-term adherence low. The Type D (distressed) personality is defined as a combination of negative affectivity and social inhibition. The association of Type D personality with adherence has not been studied in CPAP-treated patients with OSAS. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of Type D personality in OSAS patients with CPAP treatment longer than 6 months and the association with self-reported side effects and adherence. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. A total of 247 OSAS patients with a mean use of CPAP treatment for 55 months (6-182 months) were included. Data collection was achieved by two questionnaires; the Type D scale 14 (DS14) (Type D personality), SECI (side effects of CPAP), as well as from medical records (clinical variables and objective adherence to CPAP treatment). Type D personality occurred in 30% of the patients with OSAS and significantly (P < 0.05-0.001) increased the perceived frequency and severity of a broad range of side effects. The objective adherence was significantly lower (P < 0.001) for OSAS patients with Type D compared to OSAS patients without Type D, both with regard to a mean use of 4 h per night and 85% of the self-rated sleep time per night. The additional effect of a Type D personality on perceived side effects and adherence to CPAP treatment found in this study could be used by healthcare personnel when evaluating patients waiting for treatment.
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| 29. |
- Broström, Anders, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Congestive heart failure, spouses' support and the couple's sleep situation : a critical incident technique analysis
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - Oxford : Blackwell Scientific. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 12:2, s. 223-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sleep related breathing disorders are common as well as a poor prognostic sign associated with higher mortality in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). These patients often have a shorter total duration of sleep, disturbed sleep structure and increased daytime sleepiness, which can negatively affect all dimensions of the life situation. The spouse has an important role in supporting the patient in relation to sleep disorders, but this role may be adversely affected by the sleep situation of the couple. The aim of this study was to describe decisive situations that influence spouses' support to patients with CHF in relation to the couple's sleep situation. A qualitative descriptive design using critical incident technique was employed. Incidents were collected by means of interviews with 25 spouses of patients with CHF, strategically selected from two hospital-based specialist clinics in southern Sweden. Two main areas emerged in the analysis: support stimulating situations and support inhibiting situations. Support stimulating situations described how spouses' support was positively affected by their own adaptation in psychosocial or practical situations, and receiving help from others. Support inhibiting situations described how the spouses' support was negatively affected by sleep disturbances as a result of the patient's symptoms, anxiety in relation to the disease, limitations as a result of the sleeping habits, dissatisfaction with care related to the sleep situation, and being left to cope alone with the problems. An increased understanding of the stimulating and inhibiting situations influencing spouses' support for patients with CHF can guide health care personnel in deciding if an intervention is needed to improve the sleep situation for patient and spouse.
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| 30. |
- Broström, Anna
(författare)
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Estimating source area of pollen and pollen productivity in the cultural landscapes of southern Sweden - developing a palynological tool for quantifying past plant cover
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fossil pollen records retrieved from peat and lake sediments have great potential for quantifying past plant cover. This thesis is a contribution to the development of a palynological interpretation tool for reconstructing past cultural landscapes in terms of plant abundance and distribution. The aims of this thesis are (1) to explore pollen-vegetation relationships in the ancient, traditional cultural landscape of southern Sweden, (2) to test the potentials and limits of using mechanistic models of pollen dispersal and deposition to reconstruct past cultural landscapes from fossil pollen assemblages, (3) to estimate pollen productivity for the most common plant taxa characteristic of the past cultural landscapes of southern Sweden, and (4) to define and estimate the spatial scale of the cultural landscape reflected by pollen assemblages in moss polsters and small lakes. Data collection included sampling moss polsters and lake sediments for pollen and making vegetation surveys. The compilation of vegetation data was performed using GIS software. Pollen/vegetation relationships were explored using numerical techniques (PCA, RDA, Monte Carlo permutation test). Pollen productivity was estimated using Extended R-Value (ERV) -models. These models imply that vegetation is distance-weighted, which required the development of an appropriate design of vegetation survey in the field. The spatial scale of the landscape reflected by pollen assemblages is defined as the area beyond which the correlation of pollen and vegetation does not improve, and is named "relevant source area of pollen" (RSAP). RSAP was estimated using the maximum likelihood method. For hypothesis testing, a computer simulation model (POLLSCAPE) developed for forest vegetation was used to simulate pollen dispersal and deposition in cultural landscapes. The empirical pollen/vegetation data shows a major difference between the two contrasting vegetation regions of southern Sweden in terms of the relationship between NAP (herb pollen) percentages and open-land percentage cover. The relationship between NAP % and open-land % cover was also simulated using POLLSCAPE. The simulated and empirical relationships are very similar, which demonstrates that POLLSCAPE can be used for semi-open and open landscapes. Pollen productivity estimates (PPE) were obtained for 25 herb and tree taxa. RSAP for small lakes and moss polsters was estimated to be 800-1000 m and 400 m, respectively. Empirical data and simulations show that random site selection is required in order to obtain reliable estimates of RSAP, and that the spatial resolution of the vegetation survey close to the pollen sample, i.e. the size distribution of the vegetation mosaic, plays a critical role in RSAP estimates. Major implications of the results are (1) the cover of open land is likely to be strongly underestimated on the basis of NAP percentages alone in a mosaic semi-open landscape, (2) provided that past and present landscapes have a similar vegetation structure, a quantitative reconstruction of the past landscape would be possible within 1000 m radius around small lakes and 400 m radius around soil profiles, (3) the availability of PPE for critical herb taxa and the demonstration that POLLSCAPE may be used to study open and semi-open landscapes provide a reliable tool for proceeding with the study of pollen dispersal and deposition in cultural landscapes.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Broström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating the spatial scale of pollen dispersal in the cultural landscape of southern Sweden
- 2005
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Ingår i: The Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 15:2, s. 252-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary aim of the study was to estimate the spatial scale of pollen dispersal and deposition for pollen assemblages from moss polsters in the cultivated landscape of southern Sweden, as a mean to improve future studies of the pollen/vegetation relationship in the region, and interpretation of fossil pollen data in terms of past cultural landscapes. This can be done by estimating the 'relevant source area of pollen' (RSAP) defined as the area around the pollen sampling point beyond which the pollen-vegetation relationship does not improve. Forty-two sites from nonfertilized grasslands in the traditional open agricultural (Open Region) and semi-open forested (Semi-Open Region) regions of southern Sweden were selected. The vegetation survey was performed within a 1500 m radius area around the moss polsters sampling area. The extended R-value (ERV) model was used to evaluate the pollen-plant abundance relationship. The RSAP for moss polsters in the Open Region was estimated to c. 400 m from empirical data. In the Semi-Open Region, however, the likelihood function score, an indicator of the goodness-of-fit of the data to the ERV model, showed an unexpected pattern of change, making it difficult to evaluate the RSAP. Simulations using hypothetical landscapes suggest that systematic selection of sampling sites could cause this pattern. Simulations also demonstrate that the size of vegetation patches affect the RSAP, i.e., the larger the vegetation patches are, the larger the RSAP becomes. Similar RSAP for the Open and Semi-Open Regions is obtained in simulations using the same patch size, and random selection. In the actual vegetation, patch size is comparable in the two regions, which would suggest that the RSAP for moss polsters in the Semi-Open Region is c. 400 m as well.
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| 33. |
- Broström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Geologi och landskapshistoria i och runt Arrie
- 2009
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Ingår i: Närnaturens mångfald : planering och brukande av Arriesjöns strövområde. - 1654-6881. - 9789197723336 ; 3, s. 20-33
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Arriesjöns strövområde var mellan 1906 och1998 en täkt för grus, sand och lera. Innan dess var området en ca 20 m hög platåliknande kulle som en isälv i den senaste inlandsisen lämnat efter sig. I kullens sediment har hittats mammutrester, renben och torv med växtrester som vittnar om ett annat klimat och en annorlunda miljö. Vad sedimenten består av och hur de hamnat där har geologer beskrivit, tolkat och omtolkat sedan slutet av 1800-talet. Detektivarbetet att rekonstruera istidernas förlopp, deras avlagringar på djupet och landskapets förändring fram tills idag är ständigt pågående. Det baseras på information från grustäkter, borrningar och utgrävningar i samband med vägbyggen, kustklintar (minerogena sediment) samt undersökningar av torv- och sjösediment (organogena sediment). För datering används förutom korrelation av lagerföljder mellan olika platser bl.a. Optisk Stimulerad Luminiscens och kol-14 för minerogena respektive organogena sediment. Nedan beskrivs områdets geologi, med dagens kunskapsläge, för att ge de förutsättningar som finns för landskapets förändring i och runt Arrie i ett långt tidsperspektiv. Det rumsliga perspektivet är både lokalt och regionalt.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Broström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Landscape, climate, sea-level variations and human living conditions in a coastal area of western Blekinge on the Baltic sea between 11600 cal BP and AD 1000 : E22- Sölvesborg-Stensnäs-project members 2014
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project has been to reveal the living conditionsfor humans in a coastal area of the Baltic sea during thirteen thousand years and to study the implications of variations in climate, sea-level and landscape changes. The archaeological ex- cavations, well integrated with paleoecological studies, along a twenty kilometer new road-built between Sölvesborg and Stensnäs has resulted in unique findings which shed new light on to the human history in southern Scandinavia and adjust- ment of the sea-level curve in western Blekinge. Time periods from early mesolithic, neolithic, bronze age until late iron age are well represented at the sites along the former bay and lake Vesan. Macrofossil analysis of the plant material at the archae- ological sites has revealed the food resources, burial gifts and given a glimpse of the local environment. Sediment cores from the center and near shore of former lake Vesan has given the opportunity to reconstruct the aquatic conditions and vegeta- tion in the surrounding landscape based on analysis of diatoms, pollen, macrofossils and carbon content. The vast number of radiocarbon dates of the archaeological material from various altitudes at the sites has enabled adjustment of the sea-level curve especially during Ancylus-, Littorina transgressions and aregression around 8.2 ka.
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| 37. |
- Broström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Landscape, climate, sea-level variations and human living conditions in a coastal area of western Blekinge on the Baltic sea between 11600 cal BP and AD 1000 : E22- Sölvesborg-Stensnäs-project members 2014
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project has been to reveal the living conditionsfor humans in a coastal area of the Baltic sea during thirteen thousand years and to study the implications of variations in climate, sea-level and landscape changes. The archaeological ex- cavations, well integrated with paleoecological studies, along a twenty kilometer new road-built between Sölvesborg and Stensnäs has resulted in unique findings which shed new light on to the human history in southern Scandinavia and adjust- ment of the sea-level curve in western Blekinge. Time periods from early mesolithic, neolithic, bronze age until late iron age are well represented at the sites along the former bay and lake Vesan. Macrofossil analysis of the plant material at the archae- ological sites has revealed the food resources, burial gifts and given a glimpse of the local environment. Sediment cores from the center and near shore of former lake Vesan has given the opportunity to reconstruct the aquatic conditions and vegeta- tion in the surroundinglandscape based on analysis of diatoms, pollen, macrofossils and carbon content. The vast number of radiocarbon dates of the archaeological material from various altitudes at the sites has enabled adjustment of the sea-level curve especially during Ancylus-, Littorina transgressions and aregression around 8.2 ka.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Broström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Mellan åkern och havet
- 2008
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Ingår i: Inne och ute i Malmö : studier av urbana förändringsprocesser. - 1654-6881. - 9789197723329 ; 2, s. 121-137
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Broström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome - Patients' perceptions of their sleep and its effects on their life situation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 57:3, s. 318-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Title. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome - patients' perceptions of their sleep and its effects on their life situation Aim. This paper reports a descriptive study of how untreated patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome perceived their sleep situation and how the syndrome affected their life situation. Background. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is a prevalent problem independently associated with an increased risk for hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic heart failure and mortality. Increased consumption of healthcare resources can often be seen among patients over a long period of time since many have been undiagnosed and untreated. Methods. A phenomenographic approach was employed. Data were collected by interviews during 2005 with 20 purposively selected participants with untreated obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Findings. Participants described loud snoring, frequent awakenings, dyspnoea, frustration over nocturia, fear of dying during sleep and partners' anxiety about the apnoea, as being night-time effects of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. They described dry and sore throats, tiredness and daytime sleepiness, shame about falling asleep and snoring, thoughts about complications and depressed mood as daytime effects. Needs, such as increased alertness, improved ability to concentrate, improved relationship, adequate information as well as effective treatment, were described. Participants tried self-care strategies such as information-seeking about sleep disturbances and treatment, adapted sleeping routines, change of bedroom arrangements, adapted daily schedules, hyperactivity and avoidance of difficult situations. Conclusion. The perceived effects and needs, as well as tried self-care actions by the patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in this study, could be used to identify and evaluate concerns of other patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome waiting for treatment. © 2007 The Authors.
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| 45. |
- Broström, Anders, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Patients with congestive heart failure and their conceptions of their sleep situation
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - Oxford : Blackwell. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 34:4, s. 520-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To describe, from a nursing perspective, how patients with CHF conceived their sleep situation. Background: Sleep disturbances are very common in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Polysomnographic studies have shown that the total duration of sleep is shorter and the sleep structure disturbed, with frequent arousals and sleep stage changes. Method: A qualitative descriptive design inspired by a phenomenographic approach was employed. Conceptions were collected through interviews with 20 strategically chosen CHF patients. Findings: The findings showed that the patients' sleep was affected by their daily activities, the disease itself and cardiac symptoms. The sleep disturbances gave effects such as fatigue, listlessness, loss of concentration and loss of temper. These effects led to a need for daytime sleep, seclusion, counselling and information. Patients handled their sleep disturbances through coping mechanisms related to developed patterns of daily life and through support from their psychosocial environment. Conclusions: Through an increased awareness of the causes of sleep disturbances in CHF patients, nurses can more effectively meet their caring needs and reduce the psychological stressors that patients develop. Information and education, both to patients and the next of kin, about the disease and the sleep situation, especially good sleeping habits, can help patients to better cope with sleep disturbances.
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| 46. |
- Broström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived informational needs, side-effects and their consequences on adherence-A comparison between CPAP treated patients with OSAS and healthcare personnel
- 2009
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Ingår i: Patient Education and Counseling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0738-3991 .- 1873-5134. ; 74:2, s. 228-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To compare perceptions among continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treated patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and healthcare personnel with regard to informational needs, side-effects and their consequences on adherence. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used including 350 CPAP treated OSAS patients from three Swedish hospitals and 105 healthcare personnel from 26 Swedish hospitals. Data collection was performed using two questionnaires covering informational needs, side-effects and adherence to CPAP. Results: Both groups perceived all surveyed informational areas as very important. Patients perceived the possibilities to learn as significantly greater in all areas (p < 0.001) compared to healthcare personnel, and scored significantly higher regarding positive effects on adherence of information about pathophysiology (p < 0.05), self-care (p < 0.001) and troubleshooting (p < 0.01). A total of I I out of 15 surveyed side-effects were perceived to be more frequent by healthcare personnel (p < 0.01 - p < 0.001). They also scored all side-effects to cause greater problems and decrease the CPAP use to a greater extent (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Knowledge about these differences between patients and healthcare personnel regarding educational needs, side-effects and their effects on adherence can be important when designing educational programmes to increase CPAP adherence. Practice implications: Measurement of these parameters before, during and after educational programs are suggested.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Broström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Pollen productivity estimates for the reconstruction of past vegetation cover in the cultural landscape of southern Sweden
- 2004
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Ingår i: The Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 14:3, s. 368-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pollen productivity estimates (PPE) are one of the critical parameters for a quantitative reconstruction of past vegetation from fossil pollen records. Modern pollen and vegetation data were collected in traditional landscapes of southern Sweden to derive PPE for the most characteristic plant taxa. The 42 selected sites are assumed to be good analogues of historical to prehistorical grasslands. A sampling method of vegetation, designed to produce plant abundance data in different distance classes, allowed the use of distance-weighted plant abundance around the surface pollen sites. PPE for 11 herb taxa and Juniperus communis were estimated by extended R-value (F RV) models, using the distance-weighted plant abundance and surface pollen data. Results using three ERV submodels, data sets from open and semi-open landscapes, and two distance-weighting methods are generally consistent. The herb taxa analysed have higher PPE than Poaceae except Cyperaceae and Compositae (sub-family) Cichorioideae. Calluna vulgaris, Rumex acetosa type, Juniperus communis is and Plantago lanceolata have the highest PPE. Most of the common tree taxa in the region produce 6-8 times as much pollen per unit area as Poaceae. The present set of PPE covers most of the common herb taxa of northwest Europe and will be useful for simulating pollen dispersal and deposition in heterogeneous landscapes of open and forested vegetation, which will help in future research project design and in the interpretation of fossil data.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Broström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Pollen productivity estimates of key European plant taxa for quantitative reconstruction of past vegetation : a review
- 2008
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Ingår i: Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0939-6314 .- 1617-6278. ; 17:5, s. 461-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information on the spatial distribution of past vegetation on local, regional and global scales is increasingly used within climate modelling, nature conservancy and archaeology. It is possible to obtain such information from fossil pollen records in lakes and bogs using the landscape reconstruction algorithm (LRA) and its two models, REVEALS and LOVE. These models assume that reliable pollen productivity estimates (PPEs) are available for the plant taxa involved in the quantitative reconstructions of past vegetation, and that PPEs are constant through time. This paper presents and discusses the PPEs for 15 tree and 18 herb taxa obtained in nine study areas of Europe. Observed differences in PPEs between regions may be explained by methodological issues and environmental variables, of which climate and related factors such as reproduction strategies and growth forms appear to be the most important. An evaluation of the PPEs at hand so far suggests that they can be used in modelling applications and quantitative reconstructions of past vegetation, provided that consideration of past environmental variability within the region is used to inform selection of PPEs, and bearing in mind that PPEs might have changed through time as a response to climate change. Application of a range of possible PPEs will allow a better evaluation of the results.
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