| 1. |
- Poetzelsberger, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping the patchy legislative landscape of non-native tree species in Europe
- 2020
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Ingår i: Forestry (London). - : Oxford University Press. - 0015-752X .- 1464-3626. ; 93:4, s. 567-586
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Europe has a history rich in examples of successful and problematic introductions of trees with a native origin outside of Europe (non-native trees, NNT). Many international legal frameworks such as treaties and conventions and also the European Union have responded to the global concern about potential negative impacts of NNT that may become invasive in natural ecosystems. It is, however, national and regional legislation in particular that affects current and future management decisions in the forest sector and shapes the landscapes of Europe. We identified all relevant legal instruments regulating NNT, the different legal approaches and the regulatory intensity in 40 European countries (no microstates). Information on hard and effective soft law instruments were collected by means of a targeted questionnaire and consultation of international and national legislation information systems and databases. In total, 335 relevant legal instruments were in place in June/July 2019 to regulate the use of NNT in the investigated 116 geopolitical legal units (countries as well as sub-national regions with their own legislation). Countries and regions were empirically categorized according to ad hoc-defined legislation indicators. These indicators pay respect to the general bans on the introduction of non-native species, the generally allowed and prohibited NNT, approval mechanisms and specific areas or cases where NNT are restricted or prohibited. Our study revealed a very diverse landscape of legal frameworks across Europe, with a large variety of approaches to regulating NNT being pursued and the intensity of restriction ranging from very few restrictions on species choice and plantation surface area to the complete banning of NNT from forests. The main conclusion is that there is a clear need for more co-ordinated, science-based policies both at the local and international levels to enhance the advantages of NNT and mitigate potential negative effects.
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| 2. |
- Stenmark, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of Treatment Response to Electroconvulsive Therapy in Schizophrenia : A Nationwide Registry-Based Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Schizophrenia Bulletin Open. - : Oxford University Press. - 2632-7899. ; 1:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Up to 30% of patients with schizophrenia respond insufficiently to antipsychotic drugs. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been reported to effectively augment the effects of antipsychotics in some of these patients. To date, there are few established predictors of treatment response to ECT in patients with schizophrenia. The primary aim was to determine the response rate to ECT in patients with schizophrenia. The secondary aim was to investigate predictors of treatment response. All patients admitted to any Swedish hospital for schizophrenia from 2011 to 2017, who were treated with ECT while in inpatient care, were included in the Swedish National Quality Registry for ECT (Q-ECT), and were assessed using the Clinical Global Impression – Improvement (CGI-I) scale after treatment were included. CGI-I scores of 1 or 2 were considered a response to treatment. Multiple national registries were used to obtain information on demographics and clinical variables. The study included 285 patients who were concurrently treated with antipsychotic drugs. The response rate to ECT was 73.0%. Among those patients with outcome data, treatment with long-acting injectable antipsychotics was predictive of a better response, whereas comorbid substance use disorders were predictive of a worse response. This study provides new evidence on predictors of who might respond among patients with schizophrenia treated by ECT. Additional studies of ECT in schizophrenia are needed.
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