| 1. |
- Bryant, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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A 0.55mW SAW-Less Receiver Front-End for Bluetooth Low Energy Applications
- 2014
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems. - 2156-3365. ; 4:3, s. 262-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Email Print Request Permissions Save to Project This paper presents an ultra-low power direct conversion receiver front-end operating at 2.6 GHz with high out-of-band linearity and low quadrature error. This is achieved through the use of efficient mixers with improved out-of-band suppression, including rejection of the second harmonic, and an local-oscillator generator achieving current reuse and rejection of voltage-controlled oscillator signal imbalance through the use of complementary devices. Manufactured in 65 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor and with a power consumption below 550 μW from a 0.85 V supply, the front-end achieves a conversion gain of 41 dB and a noise figure of 9.6 dB. It has an out-of-band IIP3 and IIP2 of -3 dBm and 29.5 dBm, respectively. The quadrature phase error is below 0.6°. Requiring only two inductors it occupies an area of just 0.15 mm2 excluding pads.
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| 2. |
- Bryant, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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A 175uW 100MHz-2GHz inductorless receiver frontend in 65nm CMOS
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an inductorless ultra-low power frontend for applications such as sensor networks and medical implants. By using a completely inductorless topology the chip area is just 0.017mm2, excluding pads. A real input impedance of 300Ω is achieved with current feedback. Manufactured in 65nm CMOS, it measures more than 17dB gain from 100MHz to 2000MHz while consuming only 175μW from a 0.9V supply (The LNA consumes 115μW). The measured noise figure and IIP3 is 11dB and -16.8dBm respectively.
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| 3. |
- Bryant, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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A 2.45GHz, 50uW wake-up receiver front-end with -88dBm sensitivity and 250kbps data rate
- 2014
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 1930-8833. - 9781479956944 ; , s. 235-238
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a 2.45 GHz wake-up receiver front-end intended for use in sensor networks, and is designed to receive data modulated with on-off-keying. Manufactured in 65 nm CMOS it employs an uncertain IF structure with three phase passive mixer and high gain amplifier chain. With the modulation frequency response tailored to the detector behaviour, it achieves a sensitivity of -88 dBm at BER of 10e-3 with a data rate of 250kbps. Operating on a 0.75V supply it has a power consumption of just 50uW. It provides a 50Ohm input match completely on-chip using a compact inductor and has an active area of just 0.07mm2.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bryant, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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A 65nm CMOS 282uW 915MHz direct conversion receiver front-end
- 2011
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Ingår i: ; , s. 547-550
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedThis paper presents an inductorless ultra-low power radio receiver front-end intended for applications such as sensor networks and medical implants. It consists of low noise amplifier, quadrature mixer, and a frequency divider for the generation of quadrature local oscillator signals. The power consumption is just 282μW from a 0.9V supply when it operates in the 915 MHz ISM band It achieves a total gain of 30dB and a noise figure below 9dB. Manufactured in 65nm CMOS, the active area is 0.016mm2. In a 200Ω environment it achieves a -17dB S11 without any external matching network.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bryant, Carl
(författare)
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Receiver Front-Ends in CMOS with Ultra-Low Power Consumption
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Historically, research on radio communication has focused on improving range and data rate. In the last decade, however, there has been an increasing demand for low power and low cost radios that can provide connectivity with small devices around us. They should be able to offer basic connectivity with a power consumption low enough to function extended periods of time on a single battery charge, or even energy scavenged from the surroundings. This work is focused on the design of ultra-low power receiver front-ends intended for a receiver operating in the 2.4GHz ISM band, having an active power consumption of 1mW and chip area of 1mm². Low power consumption and small size make it hard to achieve good sensitivity and tolerance to interference. This thesis starts with an introduction to the overall receiver specifications, low power radio and radio standards, front-end and LO generation architectures and building blocks, followed by the four included papers. Paper I demonstrates an inductorless front-end operating at 915MHz, including a frequency divider for quadrature LO generation. An LO generator operating at 2.4GHz is shown in Paper II, enabling a front-end operating above 2GHz. Papers III and IV contain circuits with combined front-end and LO generator operating at or above the full 2.45GHz target frequency. They use VCO and frequency divider topologies that offer efficient operation and low quadrature error. An efficient passive-mixer design with improved suppression of interference, enables an LNA-less design in Paper IV capable of operating without a SAW-filter.
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| 9. |
- Carl, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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Physical Literacy in Europe: The Current State of Implementation in Research, Practice, and Policy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness. - : Elsevier BV. - 1728-869X .- 2226-5104. ; 21:1, s. 165-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The holistic concept of physical literacy (PL) embraces different person-centered qualities (physical, cognitive, affective/psychological) necessary to lead physically active lifestyles. PL has recently gained increasing attention globally and Europe is no exception. However, scientific endeavors summarizing the current state of PL in Europe are lacking. Therefore, the goal of this study was to comprehensively assess and compare the implementation of PL in research, policy, and practice across the continent. We assembled a panel of experts representing 25 European countries. Employing a complementary mixed-methods design, the experts first prepared reviews about the current state of PL in their countries (categories: research, practice/policy). The reviews underwent comparative document analysis ensuring a transnational foureyes principle. For re-validation purposes, the representatives completed a quantitative survey with questions reflecting the inductive themes from the document analysis. The document analysis resulted in ten disjunct themes (related to “concept”, “research”, “practice/policy”, “future/prospect”) and yielded a heterogenous PL situation in Europe. The implementation state was strongly linked to conceptual discussions (e.g., existence of competing approaches), linguistic issues (e.g., translations), and country-specific traditions. Despite growing scholarly attention, PL hesitantly permeates practice and policy in most countries. Nevertheless, the experts largely anticipate increasing popularity of PL for the future. Despite the heterogeneous situation across Europe, the analysis has uncovered similarities among the countries, such as the presence of established yet not identical concept. Research should intensify academic activities (conceptuallinguistic elaborations, empirical work) before PL may gain further access into practical and political spheres in the long term.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Lindstrand, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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A 1.6-2.6GHz 29dBm Injection-Locked Power Amplifier with 64% peak PAE in 65nm CMOS
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proc. IEEE European Solid State Circuits Conference. - 1930-8833. ; , s. 299-302
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a wideband CMOS power amplifier intended for cellular handset applications. The circuit exploits injection locking to achieve a power gain of 20.5dB from a single stage amplifier. The maximum output power of 29dBm, with a peak drain- and power-added-efficiency (PAE) of 66% and 64%, respectively, occurs at a center frequency of 2GHz with a 3V supply. A cross-coupled cascode topology enables a wideband PAE exceeding 50% from 1.6 to 2.6GHz. For output power levels below 4dBm the circuit operates as a linear class AB amplifier with a power consumption of 17mW from a 0.48V supply. The power gain of 20.5dB is kept constant for all output powers; with an AM-AM- and AM-PM-conversion of 0.2dB and 17deg, respectively, over the entire WCDMA dynamic range of 80dB. The circuit is implemented in a standard 65nm CMOS process with a total chip area of 0.52x0.48mm2 including pads.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Sjöland, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Switched mode transmitter architectures
- 2010
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Ingår i: Analog circuit design. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789048130825 ; , s. 325-342
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With the introduction of new cellular phone standards with increased modulation complexity and signal bandwidth, the design of efficient transmitters will be a major challenge. With this in mind a number of switched mode transmitter architectures are described, both polar and Cartesian ones. The most promising candidates use a combination of supply voltage modulation and other techniques, such as radio frequency pulse width modulation (RF PWM) or polar delta sigma modulation. This takes advantage of the high efficiency of supply voltage modulation combined with the high speed of the other techniques. Since the architectures are polar, however, significant bandwidth expansion occurs, increasing the requirements on the baseband circuits. Also for Cartesian architectures supply voltage modulation can be used to increase the efficiency, for instance in a double LINC architecture.
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| 15. |
- Sjöland, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Switched mode transmitter architectures
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the workshop on Advances in Analog Circuit Design. ; , s. 315-333
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 16. |
- Sjöland, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Ultra low power transceivers for wireless sensors and body area networks
- 2014
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Ingår i: 2014 8th International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology (ISMICT). - 2326-828X. - 9781479948567
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A transceiver suitable for devices in wireless body area networks is presented. Stringent requirements are imposed by the high link loss between opposite sides of the body, about 85 dB in the 2.45 GHz ISM band. Despite this, minimum physical size and power consumption are required, and we target a transceiver with 1 mm2 chip area, 1 mW active power consumption, and data rate 250 kbit/s. The receiver is fully integrated., fabricated and measured in 65-nm CMOS, and size and power consumption are carefully considered at all levels of circuit and system design. The modulation is frequency shift keying, chosen because transmitters can be realized with high efficiency and low spurious emissions; a modulation index 2 creates a midchannel spectral notch. A direct-conversion receiver achieves minimum power consumption. A tailored demodulation structure makes the digital baseband compact and low power. The channel decoder has been implemented in both analog and digital domains to find the most power efficient solution. Antenna design and wave propagation are studied via simulations with phantoms. The 2.45 GHz ISM band was chosen as a good compromise between antenna size and link loss. An ultra-low power medium access scheme based on a duty-cycled wake-up receiver is designed.
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| 17. |
- Tired, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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A 1V power amplifier for 81-86 GHz E-band
- 2014
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Ingår i: Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0925-1030 .- 1573-1979. ; 80:3, s. 335-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design and layout of a two stage SiGe E-band power amplifier using a stacked transformer for output power combination is presented. In EM-simulations with ADS Momentum, at E-band frequencies, the power combiner consisting of two individual single turn transformers performs significantly better than a single 2:1 transformer with two turns on the secondary side. Imbalances in the stacked transformer structure are reduced with tuning capacitors for maximum gain and output power. At 84 GHz the simulated loss of the stacked transformer is as low as 1.35 dB, superseding the performance of an also presented alternative power combiner. The power combination allows for a low supply voltage of 1 V, which is beneficial since the supply can then be shared between the power amplifier and the transceiver, thereby eliminating the need of a separate voltage regulator. To improve the gain of the two-stage amplifier it employs a capacitive cross-coupling technique not yet seen in mm-wave SiGe PAs. Capacitive cross-coupling is an effective technique for gain enhancement but is also sensitive to process variations as shown by Monte Carlo simulations. To mitigate this two alternative designs are presented with the cross coupling capacitors implemented either with diode coupled transistors or with varactors. The PA is designed in a SiGe process with f T = 200 GHz and achieves a power gain of 12 dB, a saturated output power of 16 dBm and a 14 % peak PAE. Excluding decoupling capacitors it occupies a die area of 0.034 mm2.
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| 18. |
- Tired, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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A 1V SiGe Power Amplifier for 81-86 GHz E-band
- 2013
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. ; , s. 1-4
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an architecture for a SiGe E-band power amplifier using a stacked transformers for output power combination. According to simulations, at E-band frequencies, the power combiner consisting of two individual single turn transformers performs significantly better compared to a single common 2:1 transformer with two turns on the secondary side. The power combination allows for a low supply voltage of 1 V, which is beneficial since the supply can be shared between the power amplifier and the transceiver thereby eliminating the need of a separate voltage regulator. To improve the gain of the two-stage amplifier it employs a capacitive cross-coupling technique not yet seen in mm-wave SiGe PAs. The PA is designed in a SiGe process with fr = 200 GHz and achieves a power gain of 12dB, a saturated output power of 16dBm and a 14% peak PAE.
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| 19. |
- Tired, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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A 28 GHz SiGe QVCO with an I/Q phase error detector for an 81-86 E-band transceiver
- 2015
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Ingår i: 2014 International Symposium on Integrated Circuits (ISIC). - 9781479948338 ; , s. 58-61
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a 28 GHz QVCO intended to be used in an 81-86 GHz E-band transceiver. E-band transceivers using e.g. 16 QAM modulation schemes are sensitive to I/Q phase error. Already a three degree error significantly degrades the bit error rate, and careful control of the phase error of the 28 GHz QVCO is therefore required. In the presented design the phase error can be tuned using four varactors, each connected to one of the QVCO outputs. The phase error is detected in two cross-coupled active mixers, creating a DC-level proportional to the phase error. The accuracy of the detector has been verified by Monte Carlo simulations showing a 3 sigma phase error of one degree. The QVCO is designed in a SiGe process with f T = 200 GHz. The current consumption is 14 mA from a 1.5 V supply and 57 mA from a 2.5 V supply. The 2.5 V supply is dedicated to the detector and output buffers. At 1 MHz offset the phase noise equals -105 dBc/Hz with a FOM of -181 dBc/Hz and a FOM T of -186 dBc/Hz. The die area equals 1.3 mm 2 .
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