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- Abele, H., et al.
(författare)
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Particle physics at the European Spallation Source
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physics reports. - : Elsevier. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 1023, s. 1-84
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, the European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the world’s brightest neutron source. As such, it has the potential for a particle physics program with a unique reach and which is complementary to that available at other facilities. This paper describes proposed particle physics activities for the ESS. These encompass the exploitation of both the neutrons and neutrinos produced at the ESS for high precision (sensitivity) measurements (searches).
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- Burgman, A., et al.
(författare)
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The ESSnuSB Design Study: Overview and Future Prospects
- 2023
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Ingår i: Universe. - : MDPI. - 2218-1997. ; 9:8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- ESSnuSB is a design study for an experiment to measure the CP violation in the leptonic sector at the second neutrino oscillation maximum using a neutrino beam driven by the uniquely powerful ESS linear accelerator. The reduced impact of systematic errors on sensitivity at the second maximum allows for a very precise measurement of the CP violating parameter. This review describes the fundamental advantages of measurement at the second maximum, the necessary upgrades to the ESS linac in order to produce a neutrino beam, the near and far detector complexes, and the expected physics reach of the proposed ESSnuSB experiment, concluding with the near future developments aimed at the project realization.
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| 8. |
- Burgman, A., et al.
(författare)
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The European Spallation Source neutrino super-beam conceptual design report
- 2022
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Ingår i: The European Physical Journal Special Topics. - : Springer Nature. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 231:21, s. 3779-3955
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A design study, named ESSνSB for European Spallation Source neutrino Super Beam, has been carried out during the years 2018–2022 of how the 5 MW proton linear accelerator of the European Spallation Source under construction in Lund, Sweden, can be used to produce the world’s most intense long-baseline neutrino beam. The high beam intensity will allow for measuring the neutrino oscillations near the second oscillation maximum at which the CP violation signal is close to three times higher than at the first maximum, where other experiments measure. This will enable CP violation discovery in the leptonic sector for a wider range of values of the CP violating phase δCPδCP and, in particular, a higher precision measurement of δCPδCP. The present Conceptual Design Report describes the results of the design study of the required upgrade of the ESS linac, of the accumulator ring used to compress the linac pulses from 2.86 ms to 1.2 μs, and of the target station, where the 5 MW proton beam is used to produce the intense neutrino beam. It also presents the design of the near detector, which is used to monitor the neutrino beam as well as to measure neutrino cross sections, and of the large underground far detector located 360 km from ESS, where the magnitude of the oscillation appearance of νe from νμ is measured. The physics performance of the ESSνSB research facility has been evaluated demonstrating that after 10 years of data-taking, leptonic CP violation can be detected with more than 5 standard deviation significance over 70% of the range of values that the CP violation phase angle δCPδCP can take and that δCPδCP can be measured with a standard error less than 8° irrespective of the measured value of δCPδCP. These results demonstrate the uniquely high physics performance of the proposed ESSνSBESSνSB research facility.
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- Ernst, R. E., et al.
(författare)
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Long-lived connection between southern Siberia and northern Laurentia in the Proterozoic
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Geoscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1752-0894 .- 1752-0908. ; 9:6, s. 464-469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precambrian supercontinents Nuna-Columbia (1.7 to 1.3 billion years ago) and Rodinia (1.1 to 0.7 billion years ago) have been proposed. However, the arrangements of crustal blocks within these supercontinents are poorly known. Huge, dominantly basaltic magmatic outpourings and intrusions, covering up to millions of square kilometres, termed Large Igneous Provinces, typically accompany (super) continent breakup, or attempted breakup and offer an important tool for reconstructing supercontinents. Here we focus on the Large Igneous Province record for Siberia and Laurentia, whose relative position in Nuna-Columbia and Rodinia reconstructions is highly controversial. We present precise geochronology - nine U-Pb and six Ar-Ar ages - on dolerite dykes and sills, along with existing dates from the literature, that constrain the timing of emplacement of Large Igneous Province magmatism in southern Siberia and northern Laurentia between 1,900 and 720 million years ago. We identify four robust age matches between the continents 1,870, 1,750, 1,350 and 720 million years ago, as well as several additional approximate age correlations that indicate southern Siberia and northern Laurentia were probably near neighbours for this 1.2-billion-year interval. Our reconstructions provide a framework for evaluating the shared geological, tectonic and metallogenic histories of these continental blocks.
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- Buchan, K. L., et al.
(författare)
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Comparing the drift of Laurentia and baltica in the Proterozoic : the importance of key palaeomagnetic poles
- 2000
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Ingår i: Tectonophysics. - 0040-1951 .- 1879-3266. ; 319:3, s. 167-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Key palaeomagnetic poles are defined as those which pass basic reliability criteria and are precisely and accurately dated. They allow a more rigorous analysis of Precambrian continental drift and continental reconstructions than the traditional apparent polar wander path (APWP) approach using mostly non-key poles. Between ca. 2.45 and 2.00 Ga in the early Palaeoproterozoic, key poles define the drift of the Archaean Superior craton of Laurentia, yielding a result that is quite unlike the drift interpreted in earlier studies using the APWP method. There are no early Palaeoproterozoic key poles for the other Archaean cratons that amalgamated to form Laurentia and Baltica prior to 1.8 Ga, so that a rigorous test of early Palaeoproterozoic reconstruction models is not possible. Key poles from Laurentia between ca. 1.46 and 1.267 Ga and Baltica between 1.63 and 1.265 Ga help to define, in a preliminary fashion, the early Mesoproterozoic drift of the two shields. The key pole age match at ca. 1.265 Ga is consistent with Baltica located adjacent to eastern Greenland, and geological considerations suggest that the most reasonable fit aligns the Labradorian belt of Laurentia with the Gothian belt of Baltica. Although there is limited support from non-key poles and key poles that are not matched in age for such a fit as early as ca. 1.8 Ga, no rigorous assessment will be possible until a match in key pole ages is achieved. In the late Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic, Laurentia's drift is reasonably well documented by seven key poles between 1.235 and 0.73 Ga. There are no key poles in this period from Baltica, however, so that a ≈90° clockwise rotation of Baltica relative to Laurentia between 1.265 and 1.0 Ga, widely used in the literature, cannot be confirmed.
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- Leong, W.H., et al.
(författare)
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Inter-particle contact heat transfer model : An extension to soils at elevated temperatures
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Energy Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0363-907X .- 1099-114X. ; 29:2, s. 131-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A simple 'inter-particle contact heat transfer' model for predicting effective thermal conductivity of soils at moderate temperatures (0-30°C) has been extended up to 90°C. The extended model accounts for latent heat transport by water vapour diffusion in soil air above the permanent wilting point, below that point, the soil thermal conductivity is approximated by linear interpolation without latent heat effect. By and large the best results are obtained when the latent heat is used only in the 'self consistent approximation' model with an overall root mean square error of 35% for all soils under consideration or 26% when excluding volcanic soils. This option can also be applied to moderate temperatures at which the enhanced heat transfer is negligibly small. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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RRI implementation in bioscience organisations : Guidelines from the STARBIOS2 project
- 2019
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Guidelines are a tool to promote, within biosciences research organisations, a structural change (i.e., a durable transformation of a research organisation) that facilitates the practice of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI). They are one of the outputs of the STARBIOS2 project.The Guidelines arise from the practical experience of implementing Action Plans carried by the research organisations involved in the STARBIOS2 project, from the mutual learning activity among the STARBIOS2 partners, also supported by a study and update of RRI issues.The Guidelines aim to help readers to formalize and trigger structural change aimed at introducing RRI-related practices that are appropriate to their own organisations. The Guidelines are not a series of prescriptions, but an itinerary of reflection and self-interpretation that is addressed to different actors within the Biosciences, such as: researchers, research organisations managers and technical staff members, professionals within research-funding organisations, students and others. Although these Guidelines are not designed for their specific needs, they could be useful to science policymakers as well. In very general terms, the Guidelines’ readers are people who intend to promote RRI or to emphasize responsibility within the research activities in which they are engaged, or who are trying to collect resources for designing and implementing activities with this end.To support this itinerary of reflection and self-interpretation, the document provides:A description of a general RRI Model for research organisations within the biosciences, that is a set of ideas, premises and “principles of action” that define the practice of RRI in Bioscience research organisationsSome practical guidance for designing interventions to promote RRI in research organisations in the Biosciences, putting into practice the RRI ModelA set of useful practices in implementing the structural change process.Information on particular STARBIOS2 cases and experiences, as well as materials, tools and sources, are also provided in the Appendix and in the Annex.
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| 17. |
- Tarnawski, V.R., et al.
(författare)
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Inter-particle contact heat transfer in soil systems at moderate temperatures
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Journal of Energy Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0363-907X .- 1099-114X. ; 26:15, s. 1345-1358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An inter-particle contact heat transfer model for evaluating soil thermal conductivity is analysed with respect to soils, representing different textural classes, exposed to moderate temperatures ranging from 15 to 30°C. This model is a combination of a self-consistent approximation model, enhanced with an inter-particle contact heat transfer correction coefficient. For dry and saturated soils, this coefficient is defined as a ratio of a soil harmonic mean thermal conductivity of solid and fluid (air or water) phases, to the average thermal conductivity of soil solid grains. For unsaturated soils, we assume a linear interpolation of the correction coefficient between absolutely dry and saturated states, with a Kersten function (Ke) as a proportional factor. The strongest impact of the correction coefficient (maximum reduction of heat transfer) is observed for coarse soils below a critical value of saturation degree (Sr-cr-corresponds to Ke ? 0) followed by medium and fine soils. For Sr > Srcr, the reduction of heat transfer gradually diminishes as Sr approaches 1 (i.e. saturated state). Soil texture, soil specific surface area, porosity and mineralogical composition (particularly quartz content) are important factors influencing the heat transfer correction coefficient. Their influence appears to be more substantial at the lower half of the wetness range (Sr < 0.5). Simulation results from the new enhanced model closely follow experimental data. © 2002 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
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| 18. |
- Van Doesum, Niels J., et al.
(författare)
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Social mindfulness and prosociality vary across the globe
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 118:35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans are social animals, but not everyone will be mindful of others to the same extent. Individual differences have been found, but would social mindfulness also be shaped by one's location in the world? Expecting cross-national differences to exist, we examined if and how social mindfulness differs across countries. At little to no material cost, social mindfulness typically entails small acts of attention or kindness. Even though fairly common, such low-cost cooperation has received little empirical attention. Measuring social mindfulness across 31 samples from industrialized countries and regions (n = 8,354), we found considerable variation. Among selected country-level variables, greater social mindfulness was most strongly associated with countries' better general performance on environmental protection. Together, our findings contribute to the literature on prosociality by targeting the kind of everyday cooperation that is more focused on communicating benevolence than on providing material benefits.
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