| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Buratti, Sandra, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of question format and co-witness peer discussion on the confidence accuracy of children’s testimonies
- 2014
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Ingår i: Social influence. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1553-4510 .- 1553-4529. ; 9:3, s. 189-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different types of social influence can affect eyewitness testimony. This study examined the effects of question format (free recall and prompts) and co-witness peer discussion on the confidence accuracy of memory reports of children aged 9–11 years. Pairs of children watched one of two perspectives of a film. Half of the pairs discussed the film; the rest discussed non-relevant topics. Children responding to prompts had a lower proportion of correct memory reports, were less confident, and showed poorer confidence accuracy compared with free recall. During free recall, the children showed near perfect confidence accuracy. No peer discussion effects were found; however, 33% of the children in the film discussion condition reported commission errors.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Does consulting with others affect answerability judgments of difficult questions?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Social Influence. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1553-4510 .- 1553-4529. ; 11:1, s. 40-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People's judgments of the answerability of questions relating to how things are in the world can have important consequences for society and people's lives. Thirty-one individuals and 30 pairs made answerability judgments of 20 general knowledge questions, many with less known, or unknown, answers. Four questions had high expected consensus regarding their answerability (consensus questions) and the rest had less expected consensus with respect to their answerability (non-consensus questions). The pairs showed two polarization effects: pairs gave higher answerability ratings for questions with answerability ratings over 80% and lower ratings than individuals for questions with the lower answerability ratings. Stronger consensus-seeking tendencies and a more active memory environment in the pairs may have contributed to these results.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between personality, work, and personal factors to burnout among clinical psychologists: exploring gender differences in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Counselling Psychology Quarterly. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0951-5070 .- 1469-3674. ; 35:2, s. 324-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the effects of gender, personality (prosocialness, relational-interdependent self-construal, and brooding), job demands, affective work rumination, and personal-to-work conflict on burnout (exhaustion and disengagement), among clinical public-health psychologists in Sweden. The participants answered a self-report questionnaire (n = 828). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that affective work-rumination, brooding and personal-to-work conflict were most strongly associated with exhaustion, whereas affective work-rumination, brooding, role conflict, and prosocialness most strongly predicted disengagement. Furthermore, in the full models, quantitative job demands and relational-interdependent self-construal related to exhaustion, whereas emotional demands related to disengagement. Interestingly, role conflict had a positive relation and emotional demands a negative relation to disengagement. Women reported higher exhaustion, but not higher disengagement, than men. Women also reported higher levels on most of the independent variables. In sum, the results show that a broad range of factors influence burnout among clinical psychologists.
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| 9. |
- Bjälkebring, Pär, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Helping Out or Helping Yourself? Volunteering and Life Satisfaction Across the Retirement Transition : Supplemental Material
- 2021
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Ingår i: Psychology and Aging. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0882-7974 .- 1939-1498. ; 36:1, s. 119-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 American Psychological Association. It has been suggested that volunteering leads to increases in well-being, particularly in older and retiring adults, and that volunteering could be used as a public health intervention to increase well-being. However, the causal relationship has been questioned. We investigated the association between voluntary work and life satisfaction in a bivariate dual-change score model, using 4 years of longitudinal data from 1,123 participants from the Health, Aging and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study. Both the frequency of volunteering and the level of life satisfaction increased across the retirement transition. However, baseline life satisfaction and volunteering were only marginally associated. Further, the coupling parameters suggest that higher levels of volunteering were followed by decreases in life satisfaction and that higher levels of life satisfaction were followed by increases in volunteering. These findings suggest that increasing levels of volunteering might not be a fruitful strategy for improving life satisfaction for all older adults-if people engage too much in voluntary work, it might even be detrimental for their life satisfaction. More research is needed to better understand when and for whom increased levels of volunteering might have positive effects on life satisfaction.
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| 10. |
- Buratti, Sandra, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Do Self- and Proxy Reports of Cognitive Problems Reflect Intellectual Functioning in Children and Adolescents with Congenital Heart Defects?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Pediatrics. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-2360. ; 4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Children with congenital heart defects (CHD) who suffer from cognitive impairments and school difficulties need to be identified as early as possible in order to set appropriate interventions in place that may enhance the school situation and quality of life for these children. Identifying children and adolescents at risk for cognitive difficulties requires specific screening tools. This study assessed such a tool - Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Cardiac Module subscale: Cognitive Problems - to investigate whether proxy reported and self-reported cognitive problems were associated with measured intellectual functioning in children and adolescents with CHD treated with surgery or by catheter interventions. Method: The sample consisted of 184 children/adolescents aged 3, 5, 9, and 15 years. The severity of the CHD diagnoses was categorized into three groups (mild, moderate, or severe) for all age groups. For all the age groups, we collected proxy ratings of cognitive problems, and for the 5-, 9-, and 15-year-olds, we also collected self-reported cognitive problems. Intellectual functioning was measured with the Wechsler intelligence scales. The control variables were socioeconomic status and severity of diagnosis. Results: A strong association was found between the parents ratings of cognitive problems and the childrens and adolescents results on the Wechsler scales. This association was present for all ages, including the 3-year-olds. As for the self-reports, an association was only found between the 15-year-olds self-report of cognitive problems and their results on the Wechsler scales. Conclusion: To identify children with cognitive problems as early as at the age of 3 years, parent-rated Pediatrics Quality of Life subscale: Cognitive Problems can be used as a screening tool. For 15-year-olds, the self-report ratings can be used as a screening tool. We also suggest a cutoff score of 80 for both the 15-year olds as well as the proxy reports. If the score falls below 80 the child should be formally evaluated using standardized cognitive test.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Buratti, Sandra, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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First- and second-order metacognitive judgments of semantic memory reports: The influence of personality traits and cognitive styles.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Metacognition and Learning. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1556-1623 .- 1556-1631. ; 8:1, s. 79-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract In learning contexts, people need to make realistic confidence judgments about their memory performance. The present study investigated whether second-order judgments of first-order confidence judgments could help people improve their confidence judgments of semantic memory information. Furthermore, we assessed whether different personality and cognitive style constructs help explain differences in this ability. Participants answered 40 general knowledge questions and rated how confident they were that they had answered each question correctly. They were then asked to adjust the confidence judgments they believed to be most unrealistic, thus making second-order judgments of their first-order judgments. As a group, the participants did not increase the realism of their confidence judgments, but they did significantly increase their confidence for correct items. Furthermore, participants scoring high on an openness composite were more likely to display higher confidence after both the first- and second-order judgments. Moreover, participants scoring high on the openness and the extraversion composites were more likely to display higher levels of overconfidence after both the first- and second-order judgments. In general, however, personality and cognitive style factors showed only a weak relationship with the ability to modify the most unrealistic confidence judgments. Finally, the results showed no evidence that personality and cognitive style supported first- and second-order judgments differently.
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| 15. |
- Buratti, Sandra, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Improved realism of confidence for an episodic memory event
- 2012
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Ingår i: Judgment and Decision Making. - 1930-2975. ; 7:5, s. 590-601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We asked whether people can make their confidence judgments more realistic (accurate) by adjusting them, with the aim of improving the relationship between the level of confidence and the correctness of the answer. This adjustment can be considered to include a so-called second-order metacognitive judgment. The participants first gave confidence judgments about their answers to questions about a video clip they had just watched. Next, they attempted to increase their accuracy by identifying confidence judgments in need of adjustment and then modifying them. The participants managed to increase their metacognitive realism, thus decreasing their absolute bias and improving their calibration, although the effects were small. We also examined the relationship between confidence judgments that were adjusted and the retrieval fluency and the phenomenological memory quality participants experienced when first answering the questions; this quality was one of either Remember (associated with concrete, vivid details) or Know (associated with a feeling of familiarity). Confidence judgments associated with low retrieval fluency and the memory quality of knowing were modified more often. In brief, our results provide evidence that people can improve the realism of their confidence judgments, mainly by decreasing their confidence for incorrect answers. Thus, this study supports the conclusion that people can perform successful second-order metacognitive judgments.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Buratti, Sandra, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Regulating metacognitive processes – Support for a meta-metacognitive ability.
- 2015
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Ingår i: In A. Peña-Ayala (Ed.), Metacognition: Fundaments, applications, and trends (Intelligent Systems Reference Library Volume 76. - New York : Springer. - 9783319110615 ; , s. 17-38
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Second-order judgments aim to regulate metacognitive judgments or at least to assess the accuracy of metacognitive judgments (first-order judgments). For this reason, second-order judgments can be seen as a form of meta-metacognition. In this chapter, we clarify the concept of meta-metacognition and how it relates to first-order metacognitive judgments. Furthermore, we explain why the concept of second-order judgments is an important addition to the research literature on metacognition and why it is an important concept in the context of learning and memory. We also present a new generalizable method for eliciting and measuring the accuracy (realism) of second-order judgments in the context of confidence judgments of semantic and episodic memory performance and suggest how this method can be computer implemented. An asset of this method is that it allows for fine-grained analyses of the strategies that people use when they make second-order judgments without reverting to think-aloud reports.
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| 18. |
- Buratti, Sandra, 1983
(författare)
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Regulating the realism of confidence
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- DEGREE OF LICENTIATE IN PSYCHOLOGY ABSTRACT Buratti, S. (2011) Regulating the Realism ofCorifidence. Department ofPsychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden The aim ofthe thesis was to investigate whether people have the ability to regulate the realism of their confidence judgments for an event memory recall task by deleting or changing the confidence judgments made. Realism of confidence reflects how well a person's confidence judgment for a memory report corresponds to the actual correctness of the memory report. In Study I, which consisted of two experiments, the aim was to investigate whether people can increase the realism of their report by excluding the confidence judgments they believe are the most unrealistic. Both experiments consisted ofthe within-participant variable Task (task l vs. task 2) and the between-participant variable Condition (recognition vs. recall). The participants were shown a video clip and in task 1 they were told to answer 50 questions on the video. Half of the participants answered two-alternative questions (recognition) and half had to come up with their own answers (recall). Ifthey did not know the answer they were asked to guess. After each question the participants rated how confident they were that their answer was correct. The participants then proceeded to task 2 in which they were asked to exclude the 15 answers they believed had the most unrealistic confidence judgments. They were told that the person with the best realism for the remaining 35 answers would receive an extra movie ticket. In Experiment l the recognition condition decreased the level of realism and iIi Experiment 2 the recall condition increased the level of realism of their report. The digit span task was used, as a coarse measure of cognitive ability, but no correlation between this task and the ability to increase the realism of confidence was found. In Study n, the aim was to investigate whether people can increase the realism oftheir report by modifying the confidence judgments they believe are the most unrealistic. The relation between realism of confidence and two possible memory cues such as different phenomenological memory qualities (remember/know) and processing fluency was investigated as well. Study II also assessed the relation between self-estimated leve! of realism and strategies for increasing the realism of confidence. The procedure was similar to the procedure in Study I with the exception that all participants answered 40 recall questions and that in task 2 the participants were told that they could modify as many confidence judgments as they wanted but were recommended to modify at least 20. Results showed that the participants were able to increase the realism of their confidence judgments even though the effect was small. The results also indicated that the increase in realism was not just a simply heuristic in which the participants merely lowered their average level of confidence. Rather, further analysis showed that the participants actually were able to single out confidence judgments with a lower level of realism and making them more realistic. Again, no correlation was found between the digit span task, and the ability to increase realism of confidence. Both Study I and Study II lend support to the idea that people are able to regulate the realism oftheir confidence judgments. Keywords realism of confidence, calibration, debiasing, episodic memory, confidence judgments ISSN 1101-718X ISRN GUlPSYKlAVH-249--SE Sandra Buratti, Department ofPsychology, University ofGothenburg, Box 500, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Phone: 004631 786 1641. Email: sandra.buratti@psy.gu.se
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| 19. |
- Buratti, Sandra, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Stability in the metamemory realism of eyewitness confidence judgments
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cognitive Processing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-4782 .- 1612-4790. ; 15:1, s. 39-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The stability of eyewitness confidence judgments over time in regard to their reported memory and accuracy of these judgments is of interest in forensic contexts because witnesses are often interviewed many times. The present study investigated the stability of the confidence judgments of memory reports of a witnessed event and of the accuracy of these judgments over three occasions, each separated by 1 week. Three age groups were studied: younger children (8-9 years), older children (10-11 years), and adults (19-31 years). A total of 93 participants viewed a short film clip and were asked to answer directed two-alternative forced-choice questions about the film clip and to confidence judge each answer. Different questions about details in the film clip were used on each of the three test occasions. Confidence as such did not exhibit stability over time on an individual basis. However, the difference between confidence and proportion correct did exhibit stability across time, in terms of both over/underconfidence and calibration. With respect to age, the adults and older children exhibited more stability than the younger children for calibration. Furthermore, some support for instability was found with respect to the difference between the average confidence level for correct and incorrect answers (slope). Unexpectedly, however, the younger children's slope was found to be more stable than the adults. Compared to the previous research, the present study's use of more advanced statistical methods provides a more nuanced understanding of the stability of confidence judgments in the eyewitness reports of children and adults.
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| 20. |
- Buratti, Sandra, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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The accuracy of meta-metacognitive judgments - Regulating the realism of confidence
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cognitive Processes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-4782 .- 1612-4790. ; 13:3, s. 243-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Can people improve the realism of their confidence judgments about the correctness of their episodic memory reports by deselecting the least realistic judgments? An assumption of Koriat and Goldsmith’s (Psychol Rev 103:490–517, 1996) model is that confidence judgments regulate the reporting of memory reports. We tested whether this assumption generalizes to the regulation of the realism (accuracy) of confidence judgments. In two experiments, 270 adults in separate conditions answered 50 recognition and recall questions about the contents of a just-seen video. After each answer, they made confidence judgments about the answer’s correctness. In Experiment 1, the participants in the recognition conditions significantly increased their absolute bias when they excluded 15 questions. In Experiment 2, the participants in the recall condition significantly improved their calibration. The results indicate that recall, more than recognition, offers valid cues for participants to increase the realism of their report. However, the effects were small with only weak support for the conclusion that people have some ability to regulate the realism in their confidence judgments.
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| 21. |
- Buratti, Sandra, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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The Association Between Prosocialness, Relational-Interdependent Self-construal and Gender in Relation to Burnout Among Swedish Clergy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Review of Religious Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0034-673X .- 2211-4866. ; 62:4, s. 583-602
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serving as a clergyperson is a highly variable profession and in recent decades, the role has evolved and expanded even further. Consequently, the demands have increased and with it the risk for stress-related ill-health and absenteeism. The aim of the current study was to evaluate, in a larger sample of Swedish clergy (N = 871), two possible antecedents of burnout, namely prosocialness and relational-interdependent self-construal. A further aim was to explore potential gender differences in the investigated associations. The direct and indirect relationships of prosocialness and relational-interdependent self-construal to two dimensions of burnout, exhaustion, and disengagement were investigated in a structural equation-modelling framework. The results showed that clergy who reported higher prosocialness experienced more stress in their work, in terms of both quantitative and emotional demands, which in turn was associated with higher levels of exhaustion and disengagement. But prosocialness was also found to be directly associated with lower levels of disengagement, as well as indirectly associated with higher levels of role clarity. However, no direct or indirect associations were found between relational-interdependent self-construal and any dimension of burnout. Regarding gender differences, female clergy reported higher levels of prosocialness and job demands, less role clarity, and in turn more exhaustion compared to male clergy. This indicated a more stressful situation for female clergy. Our study contributes new insights into the role that personality plays in different dimensions of burnout in clergy, as well as insights into an understanding of gender differences in burnout among clergy.
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| 22. |
- Buratti, Sandra, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of knowledge and ignorance assessments on perceived risk
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Risk Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-9877 .- 1466-4461. ; 22:6, s. 735-748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the effects of two different types of subjective knowledge assessments on the level of knowledge assessment and risk perception in five risk domains: health, environment, crime, economy, and transport (Appendix 1). The two types of knowledge assessments were regular knowledge assessments and ignorance assessments, in which the participants were asked to assess their lack of knowledge. Furthermore, the effect of the order in which the subjective knowledge assessments and risk assessments were performed was investigated. Four different experimental conditions were used to explore the effects. In the knowledge first condition, all regular knowledge assessments were performed, followed by all risk assessments. In the alternate condition, the participants alternated between the knowledge assessments and risk assessments. In the risk first condition, the participants performed all risk assessments, followed by all knowledge assessments. Finally, in the ignorance first condition, the participants performed all ignorance assessments, followed by all risk assessments. The ignorance assessments indicated higher subjective knowledge ratings than the regular knowledge assessments in the first three conditions. The order in which the regular knowledge assessments were performed had no effect on the risk assessments. However, the ignorance assessments were associated with the lowest risk assessments of all four conditions. The participants may have associated their difficulty finding examples of ignorance with a lack of risk. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
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| 23. |
- Buratti, Sandra, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of advice and “try more” instructions on improving realism of confidence
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Psychologica. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-6918 .- 1873-6297. ; 144:1, s. 136-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated whether participants can improve the accuracy of their confidence judgments by making second-order judgments, and whether advice (attend both to correct and incorrect items and consider the remember/know quality of the item), and "try more" instructions can help increase participants' accuracy. The participants (n=220) made confidence judgments of their answers to 50 recall questions on a video clip. Next, all the participants were asked to try to increase the accuracy of their confidence judgments by modifying those they believed showed poor realism. Although the participants did increase the accuracy of their confidence judgments, neither the advice nor the "try more" instructions improved their accuracy.
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| 24. |
- Buratti, Sandra, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Who knows? Knowledge activation, belief in certainty of knowledge, maximization tendencies and need for cognition in answerability judgments.
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Journal of general psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-1309 .- 1940-0888. ; 144:1, s. 35-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, investigating answerability judgments, 123 participants judged whether each of 46 general knowledge questions could currently be answered by themselves, by someone else, or by no one. There were 26 consensus questions (high expected consensus about their answerability) and 20 non-consensus questions. Before each question, half of the participants rated the extent of their knowledge related to the question. Results showed that answering consensus questions compared with non-consensus led to a lower proportion of “No one knows” answers. Moreover, in the knowledge rating condition compared with the control condition, participants choose " No one knows" proportionally less. Participants’ ratings of belief in certainty of knowledge were associated with more “Someone else knows” for the non-consensus questions. Moreover, tendency to maximization led to a higher proportion of “Someone else knows” options for the non-consensus questions. Finally, high need for cognition was associated with fewer choices of “Someone else knows.”
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| 25. |
- Geisler, Martin, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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The complex interplay between emotion regulation and work rumination on exhaustion
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the interplay between emotion regulation strategies (reappraisal and suppression) and work-related rumination (affective work rumination and detachment from work) on exhaustion. In all, 1985 participants from three human service occupations (psychologists, teachers, and ministers) completed the web-based survey. The results showed that reappraisal and detachment from work had a negative relation to exhaustion, whereas the relation between suppression and affective work rumination to exhaustion were positively directed. Moreover, results of mediation analyses showed that the associations between emotion regulation strategies and exhaustion were mediated by work-ruminative tendencies. However, results of moderation analyses did not support that work-ruminative tendencies have a conditional effect (i.e., moderate) on the relationship between emotion regulation strategies and exhaustion. The results suggest that work-ruminative tendencies are best understood as a mediator of the emotion regulation strategies – exhaustion relationship. Thus, the study contribute to the understanding of the strategies (and combination of strategies) people use to reduce exhaustion by adding novel insights into the role of person characteristics in the recovery process. We discuss our results in relation to previous research, provide recommendations for future research, and note possible practical implications.
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| 26. |
- Hansson, Isabelle, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond health and economy: resource interactions in retirement adjustment
- 2019
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Ingår i: Aging and Mental Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-7863 .- 1364-6915. ; 23:11, s. 1546-1554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The retirement transition is a multidimensional and dynamic process of adjustment to new life circumstances. Research has shown that individual differences in resource capability accounts for a substantial amount of the previously observed heterogeneity in retirement adjustment. The aim of the present study was to investigate interaction effects of self-esteem, autonomy, social support, self-rated physical health, self-rated cognitive ability, and basic financial resources on levels and changes in life satisfaction in the retirement transition. Method: Our sample included 1924 older adults from the longitudinal population-based HEalth, Ageing, and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study. The participants were assessed annually over a three-year period, covering the transition from work to retirement (n = 614). Participants continuously working (n = 1310) were included as a reference group. Results: Results from latent growth curve models showed that the relationship between a particular resource and levels and changes in life satisfaction varied depending on other available resources, but also that these effects varied between retirees and workers. Autonomy moderated the effect of physical resources, and social support and perceived cognitive ability moderated the effect of financial resources. Discussion: Our findings add to the current knowledge on retirement adjustment and suggest that negative effects of poor health and lack of basic financial resources on retirees life satisfaction may be compensated for by higher levels of autonomy, social support, and perceived cognitive ability.
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| 27. |
- Hansson, Isabelle, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in Life Satisfaction in the Retirement Transition: Interaction Effects of Transition Type and Individual Resources
- 2018
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Ingår i: Work, Aging and Retirement. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2054-4642 .- 2054-4650. ; 4:4, s. 352-366
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of retirement on well-being varies between individuals, but also within individuals over time. Type of transition and individual differences in resource capability are two factors likely to influence the retirement adjustment process, but we still lack in our understanding of the importance of these factors in relation to each other. 'I he aim of this study was to investigate interaction effects of transition type and individual resources on changes in life satisfaction in the retirement transition. We studied changes in life satisfaction over 1 year in a sample of 3,471 older adults from the population-based HEalth, Ageing, and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study. The sample included participants retiring gradually (n = 360) or fully (n = 346) between the two measurement points as well those continuously working (n = 1,860) or retired (n = 905) in both waves. Resources evaluated for their role in the transition included baseline measures of self-esteem, autonomy, social support, self-rated physical health, self-rated cognitive ability, and basic financial assets. Results from multiple group latent change score models showed that retirement transition type and individual differences in resource capability variously influenced changes in life satisfaction. The six resources accounted for a larger proportion of individual differences in change among those who retired between the two waves (21.2%) than in those whose retirement status remained unchanged (12.6%). In addition, a larger proportion of variability in changes in life satisfaction were explained in abrupt (31.4%) than in gradual (11.7%) retirement.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Hansson, Isabelle, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Disentangling the Mechanisms of Retirement Adjustment: Determinants and Consequences of Subjective Well-Being
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Work, Aging and Retirement. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2054-4650. ; 6:2, s. 71-87
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Retirement from work is a major life event requiring adaptation to new life circumstances. The resource-based dynamic model of retirement adjustment suggests that well-being will change due to changes in individual resources. In the present study, we test this hypothesis by investigating longitudinal and bidirectional associations between life satisfaction and perceived resources (i.e., self-esteem, autonomy, social support, self-rated physical health, self-rated cognitive ability, and financial satisfaction) over a 4-year period in the transition from work to retirement. Our sample included annual assessment data from 497 older adults (aged 60–66) in the population-based HEalth, Ageing, and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study. Results from bivariate latent change score models showed weak but consistent associations between changes in perceived resources and changes in life satisfaction over the retirement transition. Analyses of cross-lagged effects also revealed bidirectional associations. Self-esteem, self-rated physical health, and total resource capability were positively related to changes in life satisfaction, and life satisfaction was positively related to changes in self-esteem, autonomy, self-rated physical health, and self-rated cognitive ability. The total resource capability accounted for 12% of the changes in life satisfaction in the first years following retirement. Life satisfaction accounted for 16% of the changes in autonomy in the transition from work to retirement. Our findings demonstrate that perceived resources are important for life satisfaction in the retirement transition, at the same time as overall life satisfaction accounts for how we perceive and evaluate our own resources during this process.
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| 32. |
- Hansson, Isabelle, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Experts’ and novices’ perception of ignorance and knowledge in different research disciplines and its relation to belief in certainty of knowledge.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 8:377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assessments of the extent of knowledge in a domain can be important since nonidentified lack of knowledge may lead to decisions that do not consider the effect of relevant factors. Two studies examined experts’ and novices’ perception of their own ignorance and knowledge out of everything there is to know within their own and other disciplines and their assessments of their discipline’s, and other disciplines’ knowledge of all there is to know in each discipline. In total 380 experts and 401 students from the disciplines of history, medicine, physics, and psychology participated. The results for ignorance and knowledge assessments of one’s own knowledge were similar. Novices reported more ignorance and less knowledge in their own discipline than experts, but no differences were found in the assessments of how much is known in each discipline. General belief in certainty of knowledge was associated with the knowledge assessments and level of expertise. Finally, disciplinary differences were found both for the knowledge assessments and for belief in certainty of knowledge. Historians and physicists assessed that less was known in their own discipline out of all there is to know (approximately 40%), compared to the medics (about 50%). Historians believed least in certainty of knowledge and physicists most. Our results have practical implications for higher educational teaching and interdisciplinary collaboration.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Hansson, Isabelle, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Personality in Retirement Adjustment: Longitudinal Evidence for the Effects on Life Satisfaction
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of personality. - : Wiley. - 0022-3506 .- 1467-6494. ; 88:4, s. 642-658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Research on retirement suggests that personality can influence the adjustment process, but the mechanisms involved remain still largely unknown. In the present study, we investigate direct and indirect associations between the Big Five personality traits and life satisfaction over the retirement transition. Indirect effects were evaluated through the role of personality for levels and changes in self‐esteem, autonomy, social support, self‐rated physical health, self‐rated cognitive ability, and financial satisfaction. Method: Our sample consisted of 796 older adults (age 60–66) and four annual measurement waves from the longitudinal population‐based HEalth, Ageing, and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study, including individuals retiring during the study period. Results: Results from multivariate latent growth curve analysis revealed multiple indirect associations between personality and life satisfaction. Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness were positively related to life satisfaction through higher levels of self‐esteem, autonomy, and social support. Neuroticism was negatively associated with life satisfaction through lower levels of self‐esteem and lower levels and negative changes in autonomy and social support. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that retirees with higher levels of Neuroticism are more vulnerable in the transition process and they are also more likely to experience adjustment problems resulting from negative changes in key resources.
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| 39. |
- Hansson, Isabelle, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Personality in Retirement Adjustment: Mediating Effects of Self-Esteem, Autonomy, and Social Support
- 2018
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Ingår i: GSA Annual Scientific Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, November 14-18, 2018.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Karlsson, Bodil, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Does Anyone Know the Answer to that Question? Individual Differences in Judging Answerability
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Occasionally people may attempt to judge whether a question can be answered today, or if not, if it can be answered in the future. For example, a person may consider whether enough is known about the dangers of living close to a nuclear plant, or to a major electricity cable, for them to be willing to do so, and state-authorities may consider whether questions about the dangers of new technologies have been answered, or in a reasonable future can be, for them to be willing to invest money in research aiming develop such technologies. A total of 476 participants, for each of 22 knowledge questions, either judged whether it was answerable today (current answerability), or judged when it could be answered (future answerability). The knowledge questions varied with respect to the expected consensus concerning their answerability: consensus questions (high expected consensus), non-consensus questions (lower expected consensus), and illusion questions (formulated to appear answerable, but with crucial information absent). The questions' judged answerability level on the two scales was highly correlated. For both scales, consensus questions were rated more answerable than the non-consensus questions, with illusion questions falling in-between. The result for the illusion questions indicates that a feeling of answerability can be created even when it is unlikely that somebody can come up with an answer. The results also showed that individual difference variables influenced the answerability judgments. Higher levels of belief in certainty of knowledge, mankind's knowledge, and mankind's efficacy were related to judging the non-consensus questions as more answerable. Participants rating the illusion questions as answerable rated the other answerability questions as more, or equally, answerable compared to the other participants and showed tendencies to prefer a combination of more epistemic default processing and less intellectual processing.
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| 43. |
- Karlsson, Bodil, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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There could be someone who knows even if I don’t. Answerability judgments of three types of questions. : There could be someone who knows even if I don’t.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Symposium conducted at the 6th biennal meeting of the EARLI special interest Group 16,Istanbul, Turkey..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In daily life and in science we face more or less answerable questions. E.g. “Is it dangerous to use a cell-phone every day or “Does this medicine have side effects?” This study examined people’s judgments of the answerability of three types of questions and if cognitive style and epistemological beliefs affect their judgments about the extent to which questions have (correct) answers. Judgments of questions’ answerability may include considerations about if the question is answerable at all, and if so, how much work it would involve to answer it. As evidenced by various environmental catastrophes, the realism of such answerability judgments, for example in societal developmental contexts, may have important consequences. 124 participants judged 50 “knowledge” questions with respect to how answerable they were by at least one living human being, on a Likert-scale from 0 % (can not be answered) to 100% (can be answered ). The battery of questions had open-ended answers. There were three types of knowledge questions, based on Smithson´s (1993) taxonomy of ignorance: 1) Certain Consensus Questions: Questions where a consensus about the answer was expected, e.g. “What is the name of the Swedish minister of foreign affairs?” 2) Absence Questions: Questions where a consensus about the answer was expected, but crucial information to know the answer was missing: e.g. “What is the area of an ellipse with the minor axis of 2 cm?” (in order to compute the area of an ellipse you need information about both the minor and the major axis). 3) Uncertain Questions: Questions where answers may not be available due to uncertainty in terms of vagueness, probability or ambiguity. E.g. “Is there a safe way to store nuclear waste?” and “How many galaxies are there in the universe?” Individual differences were measured with respect to: Beliefs about the nature of knowledge (Epistemic Beliefs), Rosenberg’s Self-esteem, Memory and Reasoning Competence Inventory Need for Cognition and Satisficers/Maximizers. The three categories of questions differed significantly in perceived answerability. The Certain Consensus Questions were perceived to be most answerable followed by the Absence Questions. Uncertain Questions were perceived to be the least answerable. Mean answerability for the various questions had the shape of a continuum ranging from about 20% for the least answerable to almost 100% for the most answerable. People with the epistemic belief in “certain knowledge”, judged the uncertain questions as more answerable. No effect was found for other individual variables. Conclusion: Participants were able to separate questions with different ignorance qualities. Consensus of extremely high answerability was found but not the opposite. Epistemic beliefs predicted answerability ratings of uncertain questions.
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| 44. |
- Lindwall, Magnus, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological health in the retirement transition: Rationale and first findings in the HEalth, Ageing and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 Lindwall, Berg, Bjälkebring, Buratti, Hansson, Hassing, Henning, Kivi, König, Thorvaldsson and Johansson. From an aging research and life-course perspective, the transition to retirement marks a significant life-event and provides a unique opportunity to study psychological health and coping during a period of substantial change in everyday life. The aim of the present paper is to: (a) outline the rationale of the HEalth, Ageing and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study, (b) describe the study sample, and (c) to present some initial results from the two first waves regarding the association between retirement status and psychological health. The HEARTS study is designed to annually study psychological health in the years before and following retirement, and to examine change and stability patterns related to the retirement event. Among a representative Swedish population-based sample of 14,990 individuals aged 60-66 years, 5,913 completed the baseline questionnaire in 2015. The majority of the participants (69%) completed a web-based survey, and the rest (31%) completed a paper version. The baseline HEARTS sample represents the general population well in terms of gender and age, but is more highly educated. Cross-sectional findings from the first wave showed that retired individuals demonstrated better psychological health compared to those who were still working. Longitudinal results from the first and second waves showed that individuals who retired between waves showed more positive changes in psychological health compared with those still working or previously retired.
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| 45. |
- Mylonopoulou, Vasiliki, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A Socioecological Approach to ICT Use by Adults over 65 and its Implication on Design
- 2022
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Ingår i: 25th International Academic Mindtrek conference. - : ACM.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of information and communication technology (ICT) by adults over 65 has been studied in the past years extensively to understand any obstacles and facilitators as well as to propose design suggestions that are specific to the group. However, these studies have mainly focused on the adult over 65 as an individual and sometimes also on their immediate social circle. The broader socio-ecological environment of adults over 65 is rarely addressed. In this paper, we present the results of a survey focusing on how highly educated seniors in a highly digitalized society use ICT. We discuss the data from a socio-ecological perspective and draw the attention to the environmental facilitators for the use of ICT in this age group. We conclude with a discussion how design research might address the needs of older adults.
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| 46. |
- Olofsson, Cecilia Kjellberg, et al.
(författare)
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Life satisfaction, health-related quality of life and physical activity after treatment for valvular aortic stenosis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cardiology in the Young. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1047-9511 .- 1467-1107. ; 33:3, s. 403-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate health-related quality of life and life satisfaction in children and adolescents treated for isolated congenital valvular aortic stenosis compared to healthy peers. Our second aim was to investigate the relationship between objectively measured physical activity, health-related quality of life and life satisfaction in the same group. Methods: Forty-eight patients, 8-18 years of age, were recruited, as well as 43 healthy peers matched for age, gender and residential area. Health-related quality of life was assessed by the KIDSCREEN-52 self-report and parent proxy report, and life satisfaction was evaluated with the Satisfaction With Life Scale. Physical activity was measured with an accelerometer for 7 days. Sports participation was self-reported. Results: No differences in the health-related quality of life domains were found between patients and controls in the self-reports. In the proxy reports, parents of the adolescents rated their child's autonomy lower than did the parents of the healthy controls. A negative relationship was found between moderate to vigorous physical activity, sports participation, life satisfaction and the psychological well-being domain in adolescent patients. In children there was a positive relationship between moderate physical activity and the physical and psychological well-being domains. Conclusion: Overall, children and adolescents treated for valvular aortic stenosis reported similar life satisfaction and health-related quality of life as their healthy peers. The negative relationships between intense physical activity and sports participation with health-related quality of life and life satisfaction in adolescent patients might be explained by both physical and psychological factors in these teenagers with complex, lifelong heart disease.
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| 47. |
- Skovdahl, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Children and Adolescents Treated for Valvular Aortic Stenosis Have Different Physical Activity Patterns Compared to Healthy Controls: A Methodological Study in a National Cohort
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pediatric Cardiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0172-0643 .- 1432-1971. ; 42, s. 774-783
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research in children and adolescents with congenital heart defects presents contradictory findings concerning their physical activity (PA) level, due to methodological limitations in the PA assessment. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to compare PA in children and adolescents treated for valvular aortic stenosis with healthy controls using an improved accelerometer method. Seven-day accelerometer data were collected from the hip in a national Swedish sample of 46 patients 6-18 years old treated for valvular aortic stenosis and 44 healthy controls matched for age, gender, geography, and measurement period. Sports participation was self-reported. Accelerometer data were processed with the new improved Frequency Extended Method and with the traditional ActiGraph method for comparison. A high-resolution PA intensity spectrum was investigated as well as traditional crude PA intensity categories. Children treated for aortic stenosis had a pattern of less PA in the highest intensity spectra and had more sedentary time, while the adolescent patients tended to be less physically active in higher intensities overall and with less sedentary time, compared to the controls. These patterns were evident using the Frequency Extended Method with the detailed PA intensity spectrum, but not to the same degree using the ActiGraph method and traditional crude PA intensity categories. Patients reported less sports participation than their controls in both age-groups. Specific differences in PA patterns were revealed using the Frequency Extended Method with the high-resolution PA intensity spectrum in Swedish children and adolescents treated for valvular aortic stenosis.
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