| 1. |
- Burgert, I., et al.
(författare)
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Bio-inspired functional wood-based materials - hybrids and replicates
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Materials Reviews. - : Maney Publishing. - 0950-6608 .- 1743-2804. ; 60:8, s. 431-450
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood is a CO2 storing material from renewable resoures with excellent mechanical properties and a sophisticated hierarchical structure from the nanoscale of cell wall polymers up to the macroscale of tree size. In recent years, one can observe an increasing research interest in modifying and functionalising wood cell and cell wall assemblies as well as cell wall components. In this context, three fundamental approaches aiming at developing novel and advanced bio-inspired and bio-based functional materials can be identified. At the level of bulk wood, this review will cover two research directions of wood functionalisation which have in common the utilisation of the hierarchical structure at different length scales, but differ in terms of the preservation of the organic scaffold of the wood cell wall. In those protocols that modify and functionalise wood cell walls with the emphasis on retaining their structural integrity, hybrid materials leading to polymer-or mineral-related wood products are developed. In the second wood functionalisation approach, the hierarchical structure of wood is used as a template to engineer wood-derived inorganic non-metallic materials. The third approach is at the level of cell wall components, where bio-based materials from wood cellulose nanofibres (CNF) are discussed. The use of CNF allows for designing structures with different porosities and new combinations of anisotropic properties beyond the predetermined hierarchical structure of wood. The review will cover fundamental aspects and various protocols for the three to date surprisingly separately treated approaches with a focus on synthesis procedures and characterisation of the modified materials with respect to the targeted functionalisation as well as potential fields of application.
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| 2. |
- Chen, C., et al.
(författare)
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Structure-property-function relationships of natural and engineered wood
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews Materials. - : Nature Research. - 2058-8437. ; 5:9, s. 642-666
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The porous hierarchical structure and anisotropy of wood make it a strong candidate for the design of materials with various functions, including load bearing, multiscale mass transport, and optical and thermal management. In this Review, the composition, structure, characterization methods, modification strategies, properties and applications of natural and modified wood are discussed.The complex structure of wood, one of the most abundant biomaterials on Earth, has been optimized over 270 million years of tree evolution. This optimization has led to the highly efficient water and nutrient transport, mechanical stability and durability of wood. The unique material structure and pronounced anisotropy of wood endows it with an array of remarkable properties, yielding opportunities for the design of functional materials. In this Review, we provide a materials and structural perspective on how wood can be redesigned via structural engineering, chemical and/or thermal modification to alter its mechanical, fluidic, ionic, optical and thermal properties. These modifications enable a diverse range of applications, including the development of high-performance structural materials, energy storage and conversion, environmental remediation, nanoionics, nanofluidics, and light and thermal management. We also highlight advanced characterization and computational-simulation approaches for understanding the structure-property-function relationships of natural and modified wood, as well as informing bio-inspired synthetic designs. In addition, we provide our perspective on the future directions of wood research and the challenges and opportunities for industrialization.
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