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Sökning: WFRF:(Burnand B)

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2.
  • Burnand, B, et al. (författare)
  • Use, appropriateness, and diagnostic yield of screening colonoscopy: an international observational study (EPAGE)
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6779 .- 0016-5107. ; 63:7, s. 1018-1026
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract in UndeterminedBackgroundScreening for colorectal cancer (CRC) has been shown to decrease mortality.ObjectiveTo examine determinants associated with having (1) a screening colonoscopy, (2) an appropriate indication for screening, and (3) a significant diagnosis at screening.DesignProspective observational study.SettingTwenty-one endoscopy centers from 11 countries.PatientsAsymptomatic patients who underwent a colonoscopy for the purpose of detecting CRC and who did not have a history of polyps or CRC, a lesion observed at a recent barium enema or sigmoidoscopy, or a recent positive fecal occult blood test.InterventionScreening colonoscopy.Main Outcome MeasurementsAppropriateness according to the European Panel on the Appropriateness of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (EPAGE) criteria and significant diagnoses (cancer, adenomatous polyps, new diagnoses of inflammatory bowel disease, angiodysplasia).ResultsOf 5069 colonoscopies, 561 (11%) were performed for screening purposes. Patients were more likely to have a screening colonoscopy if they were aged 45 to 54 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.60-3.99). Screening colonoscopies were appropriate, uncertain, and inappropriate in 26%, 60%, and 14% of cases, respectively. Eighty-one significant diagnoses were made, including 4 cancers. Significant diagnoses were more often made for uncertain/appropriate indications (OR 3.20, 95% CI 1.12-9.17) than for inappropriate indications.LimitationsAlthough data completeness was asked of all centers, it is possible that not all consecutive patients were included. Participating centers were a convenience sample and thus may not be representative.ConclusionsAbout 1 of 10 colonoscopies were performed for screening, preferentially in middle-aged individuals. A higher diagnostic yield in uncertain/appropriate indications suggests that the use of appropriateness criteria may enhance the efficient use of colonoscopy for screening.
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  • Froehlich, F, et al. (författare)
  • EPAGE Study Group. Current sedation and monitoring practice for colonoscopy: an international observational study (EPAGE)
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Endoscopy. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 1438-8812 .- 0013-726X. ; 38:5, s. 461-469
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background and Study Aims: Sedation and monitoring practice during colonoscopy varies between centers and over time. Knowledge of current practice is needed to ensure quality of care and help focus future research. The objective of this study was to examine sedation and monitoring practice in endoscopy centers internationally. Patients and Methods: This observational study included consecutive patients referred for colonoscopy at 21 centers in 11 countries. Endoscopists reported sedation and monitoring practice, using a standard questionnaire for each patient. Results: 6004 patients were included in this study, of whom 53 % received conscious/moderate sedation during colonoscopy, 30 % received deep sedation, and 17 % received no sedation. Sedation agents most commonly used were midazolam (47 %) and opioids (33 %). Pulse oximetry was done during colonoscopy in 77 % of patients, blood pressure monitoring in 34 %, and electrocardiography in 24 %. Pulse oximetry was most commonly used for moderately sedated patients, while blood pressure monitoring and electrocardiography were used predominantly for deeply sedated patients. Sedation and monitoring use ranged from 0 % to 100 % between centers. Oxygen desaturation (≤ 85 %) occurred in 5 % of patients, of whom 80 % were moderately sedated. On average, three staff members were involved in procedures. An anesthesiologist was present during 27 % of colonoscopies, and during 85 % of colonoscopies using deep sedation. Conclusions: Internationally, sedation and monitoring practice during colonoscopy varied widely. Moderate sedation was the most common sedation method used and electronic monitoring was used in three-quarters of patients. Deep sedation tended to be more resource-intensive, implying a greater use of staff and monitoring.
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4.
  • Harris, JK, et al. (författare)
  • Factors associated with the technical performance of colonoscopy: An EPAGE study.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Digestive and Liver Disease. - : Elsevier BV. - 1590-8658. ; 39:7, s. 678-689
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Variations in colonoscopy practice exist, which may be related to healthcare quality. Aims To determine factors associated with three performance indicators of colonoscopy: complete colonoscopy, adenomatous polyp diagnosis, and duration. Patients Consecutive patients referred for colonoscopy from 21 centres in 11 countries. Methods This prospective observational study used multiple variable regression analyses to identify determinants of the quality indicators. Results Six thousand and four patients were included in the study. Patients from private, open-access centres (odds ratio: 3.17, 95% confidence interval: 1.87–5.38) were more likely to have a complete colonoscopy than patients from public, gatekeeper centres. Patients from centres where over 50% of the endoscopists were of senior rank were roughly twice as likely to have an adenoma diagnosed, and longer average withdrawal duration (odds ratio: 1.08, 95% confidence interval: 1.07–1.09) was associated with more frequent adenoma diagnoses. Patients who had difficulty during colonoscopy had longer durations to caecum (time ratio: 2.87, 95% confidence interval: 2.72–3.01) and withdrawal durations (time ratio: 1.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.18–1.33) than patients who had no difficulties. Conclusions Multiple factors have been identified as being associated with key quality indicators. The non-modifiable factors permit the identification of patients who may be at greater risk of not having quality colonoscopy, while changes to the modifiable factors may help improve the quality of colonoscopy.
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5.
  • Harris, JK, et al. (författare)
  • The appropriateness of colonoscopy: a multi-center, international, observational study
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: International Journal for Quality in Health Care. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3677 .- 1353-4505. ; 19:3, s. 150-157
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective. To examine the appropriateness and necessity of colonoscopy across Europe. Design. Prospective observational study. Setting. A total of 21 gastrointestinal centers from 11 countries. Participants. Consecutive patients referred for colonoscopy at each center. Intervention. Appropriateness criteria developed by the European Panel on the Appropriateness of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, using the RAND appropriateness method, were used to assess the appropriateness of colonoscopy. Main outcome measure. Appropriateness of colonoscopy. Results. A total of 5213 of 6004 (86.8%) patients who underwent diagnostic colonoscopy and had an appropriateness rating were included in this study. According to the criteria, 20, 26, 27, or 27% of colonoscopies were judged to be necessary, appropriate, uncertain, or inappropriate, respectively. Older patients and those with a major illness were more likely to have an appropriate or necessary indication for colonoscopy as compared to healthy patients or patients who were 45–54 years old. As compared to screening patients, patients who underwent colonoscopy for iron-deficiency anemia [OR: 30.84, 95% CI: 19.79–48.06] or change in bowel habits [OR: 3.69, 95% CI: 2.74–4.96] were more likely to have an appropriate or necessary indication, whereas patients who underwent colonoscopy for abdominal pain [OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.49–0.83] or chronic diarrhea [OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.40–0.75] were less likely to have an appropriate or necessary indication. Conclusions. This study identified significant proportions of inappropriate colonoscopies. Prospective use of the criteria by physicians referring for or performing colonoscopies may improve appropriateness and quality of care, especially in younger patients and in patients with nonspecific symptoms.
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6.
  • Mellor, Russell H, et al. (författare)
  • Lymphatic dysfunction, not aplasia, underlies Milroy disease.
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Microcirculation. - : Wiley. - 1073-9688 .- 1549-8719. ; 17:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: Milroy disease is an inherited autosomal dominant lymphoedema caused by mutations in the gene for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3, also known as FLT4). The phenotype has to date been ascribed to lymphatic aplasia. We further investigated the structural and functional defects underlying the phenotype in humans.METHODS: The skin of the swollen foot and the non-swollen forearm was examined by (i) fluorescence microlymphangiography, to quantify functional initial lymphatic density in vivo; and (ii) podoplanin and LYVE-1 immunohistochemistry of biopsies, to quantify structural lymphatic density. Leg vein function was assessed by colour Doppler duplex ultrasound.RESULTS: Milroy patients exhibited profound (86-91%) functional failure of the initial lymphatics in the foot; the forearm was unimpaired. Dermal lymphatics were present in biopsies but density was reduced by 51-61% (foot) and 26-33% (forearm). Saphenous venous reflux was present in 9/10 individuals with VEGFR3 mutations, including two carriers.CONCLUSION: We propose that VEGFR3 mutations in humans cause lymphoedema through a failure of tissue protein and fluid absorption. This is due to a profound functional failure of initial lymphatics and is not explained by microlymphatic hypoplasia alone. The superficial venous valve reflux indicates the dual role of VEGFR-3 in lymphatic and venous development.
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7.
  • Mellor, Russell H, et al. (författare)
  • Mutations in FOXC2 in humans (lymphoedema distichiasis syndrome) cause lymphatic dysfunction on dependency.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1018-1172 .- 1423-0135. ; 48:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Human lymphoedema distichiasis syndrome (LDS) results from germline mutations in transcription factor FOXC2. In a mouse model, lack of lymphatic and venous valves is observed plus abnormal smooth muscle cell recruitment to initial lymphatics. We investigated the mechanism of lymphoedema in humans with FOXC2 mutations, specifically the effect of gravitational forces on dermal lymphatic function.METHODS: We performed (1) quantitative fluorescence microlymphangiography (FML) on the skin of the forearm (non-swollen region) at heart level, and the foot (swollen region) below heart level (dependent) and then at heart level, and (2) immunohistochemical staining of microlymphatics in forearm and foot skin biopsies, using antibodies to podoplanin, LYVE-1 and smooth muscle actin.RESULTS: FML revealed a marked reduction in fluid uptake by initial lymphatics in the LDS foot during dependency, yet normal uptake (similar to controls) in the same foot at heart level and in LDS forearms. In control subjects, dependency did not impair initial lymphatic filling. Immunohistochemical microlymphatic density in forearm and foot did not differ between LDS and controls.CONCLUSIONS: FOXC2 mutations cause a functional failure of dermal initial lymphatics during gravitational stress (dependency), but not hypoplasia. The results reveal a pathophysiological mechanism contributing to swelling in LDS.
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