| 1. |
- Møller, Morten Hylander, et al.
(author)
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Higher versus lower oxygenation targets in adult ICU patients : A rapid practice guideline
- 2023
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In: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-5172.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this Intensive Care Medicine Rapid Practice Guideline (ICM-RPG) was to provide evidence-based clinical guidance about the use of higher versus lower oxygenation targets for adult patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). The guideline panel comprised 27 international panelists, including content experts, ICU clinicians, methodologists, and patient representatives. We adhered to the methodology for trustworthy clinical practice guidelines, including the use of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach to assess the certainty of evidence, and used the Evidence-to-Decision framework to generate recommendations. A recently published updated systematic review and meta-analysis constituted the evidence base. Through teleconferences and web-based discussions, the panel provided input on the balance and magnitude of the desirable and undesirable effects, the certainty of evidence, patients' values and preferences, costs and resources, equity, feasibility, acceptability, and research priorities. The updated systematic review and meta-analysis included data from 17 randomized clinical trials with 10,248 participants. There was little to no difference between the use of higher versus lower oxygenation targets for all outcomes with available data, including all-cause mortality, serious adverse events, stroke, functional outcomes, cognition, and health-related quality of life (very low certainty of evidence). The panel felt that values and preferences, costs and resources, and equity favored the use of lower oxygenation targets. The ICM-RPG panel issued one conditional recommendation against the use of higher oxygenation targets: “We suggest against the routine use of higher oxygenation targets in adult ICU patients (conditional recommendation, very low certainty of evidence). Remark: an oxygenation target of SpO2 88%–92% or PaO2 8 kPa/60 mmHg is relevant and safe for most adult ICU patients.”.
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| 2. |
- Tao, Meng, et al.
(author)
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Major challenges and opportunities in silicon solar module recycling
- 2020
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In: Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications. - : Wiley. - 1099-159X .- 1062-7995. ; 28:10, s. 1077-1088
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article examines some of the basic questions about silicon module recycling: (1) What can be recovered from silicon modules? (2) What recycling technologies are needed? (3) What are the potential revenues for different recycling scenarios? And (4) what are the major challenges for different recycling scenarios? Three recycling scenarios are considered: module reuse, component extraction, and material extraction. Recycling process sequences for different scenarios are outlined. The discussions conclude that module reuse generates the highest revenue with the fewest processing steps, while material extraction leads to the lowest revenue with the most processing steps. It is suggested that gentle and clean separation of silicon solar cells from the glass pane is a critical technology for silicon module recycling. It is also argued that two low-concentration metals must be recovered from silicon modules: silver as a scarce material and lead as a toxic material. Their recovery requires chemical methods, while bulky materials including glass cullet, aluminum frame, and copper wiring can be recovered with physical methods. The silicon in the cells can be extracted with different qualities: ferro-silicon, metallurgical-grade silicon, or solar-grade silicon, with a higher revenue and more complicated recycling process for purer silicon. Markets outside the solar industry for the recovered silicon should be explored. The biggest challenge for module reuse is to find a large and sustained market for hundreds of gigawatts peak of decommissioned modules a year, and the biggest challenge for component extraction is the many different module and cell structures on the market and cell efficiency variability. For all the three scenarios, the cost of collecting and processing waste modules is a common challenge.
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| 3. |
- Tao, Meng, et al.
(author)
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Major Challenges and Opportunities in Silicon Solar Panel Recycling
- 2020
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In: 2020 47TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC). - 0160-8371. - 9781728161150 ; , s. 292-294
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper examines three recycling scenarios for silicon panels: panel reuse, component extraction, and material extraction. Recycling process sequences, recycling technologies, and potential revenues for different scenarios are discussed. The main conclusions of the paper include: 1) separation of silicon cells from glass is a critical technology; 2) low-concentration silver and lead must be recovered from silicon panels; 3) markets outside the solar industry for the recovered silicon should be explored; and 4) cell efficiency standardization can improve the recyclability of silicon panels.
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| 4. |
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- 2019
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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