| 1. |
- Guo, J. H., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of undulator radiation at MAXII using a soft X-ray fluorescence spectrometer
- 1999
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0168-9002. ; 431:1, s. 285-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A grazing-incidence grating spectrometer has been used for the investigation of the undulator radiation from beamline 411 at MAX-lab. The direct detection of undulator light is expected to obtain the information of the quality of the undulator. Regular undulator radiation and some higher harmonics were observed. The effects of electronic beam coupling and Landau cavities have been studied. The experiment presents an easy and quick method to characterize the undulator radiation before the permanent monochromator is installed.
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| 2. |
- Guo, JH, et al.
(författare)
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The characterization of undulator radiation at MAXII using a soft X-ray fluorescence spectrometer
- 1999
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0168-9002. ; 431:1-2, s. 285-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A grazing-incidence grating spectrometer has been used for the investigation of the undulator radiation from beamline 411 at MAX-lab. The direct detection of undulator light is expected to obtain the information of the quality of the undulator. Regular un
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| 3. |
- Magnuson, Martin, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic circular dichroism in X-ray fluorescence of Heuseler alloys at threshold excitation
- 2001
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Ingår i: Solid State Communications. - 0038-1098 .- 1879-2766. ; 117:2, s. 79-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The results of fluorescence measurements of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) in Mn L2,3 X-ray emission and absorption for Heusler alloys NiMnSb and Co2MnSb are presented. Very intense resonance Mn L3 emission is found at the Mn 2p3/2 threshold and attributed to a peculiarity of the threshold excitation in materials with a half-metallic character of the electronic structure. The excitation energy dependence of Mn L2,3 X-ray emission spectra (XES) was measured at beamline ID12B at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF, Grenoble) using 83% circularly polarized X-rays. A very large MCD effect found in XES is attributed to strong exchange splitting of spin-up and spin-down Mn 3d states. The anomalously high ratio of L2 emission intensity to L3 emission intensity is found.
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| 4. |
- Conradson, Steven D., et al.
(författare)
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Closure of the Mott gap and formation of a superthermal metal in the Frohlich-type nonequilibrium polaron Bose-Einstein condensate in UO2+x
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 96:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mixed valence O-doped UO2+x. and photoexcited UO2 containing transitory U3+ and U5+ host a coherent polaronic quantum phase (CPQP) that exhibits the characteristics of a Frohlich-type, nonequilibrium, phononcoupled Bose-Einstein condensate whose stability and coherence are amplified by collective, anharmonic motions of atoms and charges. Complementary to the available, detailed, real space information from scattering and EXAFS, an outstanding question is the electronic structure. Mapping the Mott gap in UO2, U4O9, and U3O7 with O XAS and NIXS and UM5 RIXS shows that O doping raises the peak of the U5f states of the valence band by similar to 0.4 eV relative to a calculated value of 0.25 eV. However, it lowers the edge of the conduction band by 1.5 eV vs the calculated 0.6 eV, a difference much larger than the experimental error. This 1.9 eV reduction in the gap width constitutes most of the 2-2.2 eV gap measured by optical absorption. In addition, the XAS spectra show a tail that will intersect the occupied U5f states and give a continuous density-of-states that increases rapidly above its constricted intersection. Femtosecond-resolved photoemission measurements of UO2, coincident with the excitation pulse with 4.7 eV excitation, show the unoccupied U5f states of UO2 and no hot electrons. 3.1 eV excitation, however, complements the O-doping results by giving a continuous population of electrons for several eV above the Fermi level. The CPQP in photoexcited UO2 therefore fulfills the criteria for a nonequilibrium condensate. The electron distributions resulting from both excitations persist for 5-10 ps, indicating that they are the final state that therefore forms without passing through the initial continuous distribution of nonthermal electrons observed for other materials. Three exceptional findings are: (1) the direct formation of both of these long lived (> 3-10 ps) excited states without the short lived nonthermal intermediate; (2) the superthermal metallic state is as or more stable than typical photoinduced metallic phases; and (3) the absence of hot electrons accompanying the insulating UO2 excited state. This heterogeneous, nonequilibrium, Frohlich BEC stabilized by a Fano-Feshbach resonance therefore continues to exhibit unique properties.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Butorin, S. M., et al.
(författare)
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Resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering at the 4d edge of Ce-based heavy fermion materials
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 101-103, s. 783-786
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resonant X-ray scattering measurements were performed on CeB6, CeAl, γ-Ce, and α-Ce at various incident-photon energies near the Ce 4d threshold. A pronounced inelastic scattering structure which has 4f character is observed at about 4 eV below the elastic peak. The structure shows a distinct resonant behavior as well as a dependence on the degree of 4f hybridization and can therefore be attributed to charge-transfer excitations to the 4f0 state. The intensity of the elastic peak increases when going from the systems with low Kondo temperature TK to those with high TK which is consistent with a Kondo scale behavior. By analyzing the scattering data, a controversial issue on the validity of a single-impurity Anderson model in heavy-fermion materials is addressed.
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| 7. |
- Butorin, S.M, et al.
(författare)
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Tunable excitation x-ray-fluorescence spectroscopy in phase-analysis of high-Tc superconductors
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of physics-condensed matter. - 0953-8984. ; 6:43, s. 9267-9274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- O Kalpha x-ray fluorescence of YBa2Cu3O7-delta and Sr0.85Nd0.15CuO2 samples containing CO3(2-) impurities, as well as pure BaCO3, have been studied using tunable monochromatic synchrotron radiation excitation. When the excitation energy is set to the most intense features in the O 1s absorption edge of cuprates and to bound states above this edge the O Kalpha spectra recorded are very similar to those of pure BaCO3 even if the admixture of CO3(2-) is small. The observed changes in the O Kalpha profiles of multi-phase YBa2Cu3O7-delta and Sr0.85Nd0.15CuO2 samples are discussed in terms of different x-ray absorption cross sections for O in the main phase and in the CO3(2-) fraction.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Kurmaev, E. Z., et al.
(författare)
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Spectroscopic observation of polaron-lattice band structure in the conducting polymer polyaniline
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 13:17, s. 3907-3912
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results of soft x-ray emission measurements for undoped and protonated polyemeraldine. We show that the polaron-lattice band structure fully accounts for the observed x-ray transitions. A finite spectral intensity of C Kα and N Kα XES is observed at the Fermi level for protonated polyemeraldine, supporting the applicability of the polaronic-metal model for highly conducting polymers.
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| 11. |
- Magnuson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic-structure investigation of CeB6 by means of soft-x-ray scattering
- 2001
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 63:7, s. 075101-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structure of the heavy fermion compound CeB6 is probed by resonant inelastic soft-x-ray scattering using photon energies across the Ce 3d and 4d absorption edges. The hybridization between the localized 4f orbitals and the delocalized valence-band states is studied by identifying the different spectral contributions from inelastic Raman scattering and normal fluorescence. Pronounced energy-loss structures are observed below the elastic peak at both the 3d and 4d thresholds. The origin and character of the inelastic scattering structures are discussed in terms of charge-transfer excitations in connection to the dipole allowed transitions with 4f character. Calculations within the single-impurity Anderson model with full multiplet effects are found to yield consistent spectral functions to the experimental data.
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| 12. |
- Vegelius, J. R., et al.
(författare)
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Cu K beta(2,5) X-ray emission spectroscopy as a tool for characterization of monovalent copper compounds
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0267-9477 .- 1364-5544. ; 27:11, s. 1882-1888
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cu Kβ 2,5 X-ray emission and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering measurements were performed on monovalent and divalent copper compounds. The data were compared with the results of local-density- approximation calculations. The methods were found to be efficient tools for studies of Cu 4p states in the valence band and for distinguishing between different monovalent copper compounds. This is of particular importance for the debate concerning copper corrosion in oxygen-free water.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Butorin, S. M., et al.
(författare)
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Low-Energy d-d Excitations in MnO Studied by Resonant X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
- 1997
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Ingår i: Advanced Light Source. - Berkely : Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of California Berkeley, California. ; , s. 135-136
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Resonant soft X-ray emission spectroscopy has been demonstrated to possess interesting abilities for studies of electronic structure in various systems, such as symmetry probing, alignment and polarization dependence, sensitivity to channel interference, etc. (see other abstracts in this Annual Report). In the present abstract we focus on the feasibility of resonant soft X-ray emission to probe low energy excitations by means ofresonant electronic X-ray Raman scattenng....
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| 16. |
- Butorin, S. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Low-energy d-d excitations in MnO studied by resonant x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy
- 1996
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 54, s. 4405-4408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We measured the Mn Lα,β x-ray fluorescence spectra of MnO excited by selected photon energies near the L2,3 absorption edges. The resulting resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectra probe low-lying electronic excited states, due to dd and charge-transfer excitations. Using a two-step model and a purely atomic approximation, we reproduce both energies and varying intensities of dd excitations relative to the electronic recombination peak. Our results show that strongly varying line shapes in resonant x-ray emission need not be due to channel interference effects.
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| 17. |
- Butorin, S. M., et al.
(författare)
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Probing the Mn3+ sublattice in La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 by resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering at the MnL2,3 edge
- 2002
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Ingår i: Surface review and letters. - : World Scientific. - 0218-625X .- 1793-6667. ; 9:2, s. 989-992
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resonant soft X-ray scattering spectra of a La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 thin film were measured at varying energies of the incident photon beam across Mn 2p thresholds. The data are analyzed within the framework of the Anderson impurity model and full multiplet theory. The scattering profiles of the film are reasonably well reproduced by model calculations for the Mn3+ system, in contrast to the absorption spectrum at the Mn L2,L3 edge for which the contribution of the Mn4+ sublattice is required to be taken into account. The obtained agreement between calculations and experiment indicates that in this case resonant inelastic scattering mainly probes the local electronic structure at the Mn3+ sites in the La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 film. In turn, Mn4+ sites mainly contribute to ordinary L-alpha,L-beta X-ray emission due to relaxations in the intermediate state of the spectroscopic process. Such a situation can occur when the system favors a phase separation rather than checkerboard charge ordering of Mn3+ and Mn4+ sites.
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| 18. |
- Butorin, S. M., et al.
(författare)
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Resonant inelastic soft-x-ray scattering from valence-band excitations in 3d0 compounds
- 1997
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 55, s. 4242-4249
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ti and Mn Lα,Β x-ray fluorescence spectra of FeTiO3 and KMnO4 were measured with monochromatic photon excitation on selected energies across the L2,3 absorption edges. The resulting inelastic x-ray-scattering structures and their changes with varying excitation energies are interpreted within the framework of a localized, many-body approach based on the Anderson impurity model, where the radiative process is characterized by transitions to low-energy interionic-charge-transfer excited states. Sweeping the excitation energy through the metal 2p threshold enhances the fluorescence transitions to the antibonding states pushed out of the band of continuous states due to strong metal 3d–ligand 2p hybridization and matching the low-photon-energy satellites in the spectra. Based on the energy position of these charge-transfer satellites with respect to the recombination peak the effective metal 3d–ligand 2p hybridization strength in the ground state of the system can be estimated directly from the experiment.
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| 19. |
- Butorin, S. M., et al.
(författare)
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Resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering studies of U(VI) reduction on iron surfaces
- 2004
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Ingår i: Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. - 0272-9172 .- 1946-4274. ; 807:Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXVII, s. 113-118
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors report on the spectroscopic anal. of several samples relevant to the processes governing the behavior of oxidized U species in groundwater solns. under anoxic conditions. Both Fe samples with different times of exposure to the U(IV) soln. and Fe metal-soln. interfaces in the liq. cell ex-situ and in-situ, resp. Resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering is sensitive to the chem. state of U. The measurements were performed at a no. of energies of the primary photon beam across the U 5d absorption edge. The results unambiguously indicate the redn. of U(VI) to U(IV) on the Fe surface. [on SciFinder(R)]
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Denecke, R., et al.
(författare)
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Beamline 1511 at MAX II, capabilities and performance
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - 0368-2048. ; 101-103, s. 971-977
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The new undulator beamline 1511 at MAX-lab, now under commissioning, has been optimized for X-ray emission and photoelectron spectroscopies. Using an SX-700 high flux monochromator the accessible photon energy range is from 90 eV to about 1500 eV. The performance of the undulator agrees very well with the specifications, as shown by measurements using a photodiode. The energy resolution of the monochromator has been checked using absorption measurements in a gas cell. It was found to meet the expectations and exceeds a resolving power of 10 000 at 244 eV. The photon flux as a function of energy has been recorded as well and gives a maximum flux of 3×1013 photons/s/100 mA/0.1% BW. Beamlines 1511 and 1411 will be the first synchrotron beamlines making use of a so-called beam waist phenomenon, known from laser physics. We show results of ray-tracing calculations to determine the ultimate spot size on the sample location. The endstations to be used at this new beamline and their capabilities will be discussed as an example of the future use of this facility.
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| 24. |
- Denecke, R, et al.
(författare)
-
Beamline I511 at MAX II, capabilities and performance
- 1999
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0368-2048. ; 103, s. 971-977
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The new undulator beamline I511 at MAX-lab, now under commissioning, has been optimized for X-ray emission and photoelectron spectroscopies. Using an SX-700 high flux monochromator the accessible photon energy range is from 90 eV to about 1500 eV. The per
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| 25. |
- Jensen, B. N., et al.
(författare)
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Design and performance of a spherical grating monochromator used at MAX I
- 1997
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0168-9002. ; 394:1-2, s. 243-250
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the performance of a grazing incidence spherical grating monochromator installed at MAX I and designed to cover the photon energy range from about 15-200 eV with high resolving power. It is intended mainly for angle-resolved photoemission work. Therefore, both refocusing optics, to obtain a small spot size at the sample, and a higher order light suppressor, to reduce the content of higher orders, have been incorporated in the design. The theoretically calculated energy resolution is presented and compared to the resolution obtained in photoabsorption measurements of gas-phase He, Ne, Kr, Xe, and N2. The possibility to reduce the influence of higher orders is illustrated by photoemission data collected on Si (100). The experimental results show that the monochromator fulfills the expected design goals.
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| 26. |
- Kvashnina, K., et al.
(författare)
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Electron transfer during selenium reduction by iron surfaces in aqueous solution: high resolution X-ray absorption study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 190:012191, s. 1-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In several designs proposed by different countries, high-level radioactive waste will be disposed in a canister with a copper outer container and a cast iron or carbon steel insert. If the iron insert comes into contact with anoxic geological water, anaerobic corrosion could take place and release fission products such as 79Se to the biosphere. This paper present studies of the long-term kinetics of selenate (SeO42-) in the presence of iron surface under anaerobic conditions by Near Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XANES). Substantial changes in the selenium oxidation state is found and discussed in details. We assume that such behaviour corresponds to the electron transfer from iron to selenium, which couldn't take place on oxidized iron surface. When selenate was in contact with polish steel foil in groundwater solution, reduction of Se and formation of Se(II-)was found. These findings suggest that depending of corroded or oxidised iron surface, the selenium mobility in nuclear waste disposal systems will be different.
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| 27. |
- Kvashnina, K.O., et al.
(författare)
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Electronic structure of complex copper systems probed by resonant inelastic X-ray scattering at Cu L3 edge
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Physica. B, Condensed matter. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0921-4526 .- 1873-2135. ; 404:20, s. 3559-3566
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have used X-ray absorption (XA) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectroscopies to study a series of copper compounds, namely Cu2O, CuO, Cu(OH)2, CuCl2, Cu2S, CuSO4, malachite (Cu2(CO3)2(OH)2) and atacamite (CuCl2·3Cu(OH)2). Cu 2p XA spectra provide information about oxidation states. Divalent copper gives a single narrow line due to excitations into the empty 3d state, whereas monovalent copper gives a broad band at higher energy due to transitions to 4s states. Chemical shifts of the main line in the Cu2+ XA spectra of different compounds are observed but in some cases they are too small to make a clear distinction between the species. It is shown that RIXS at the Cu 2p edge has a great potential to distinguish between the species due to large differences in spectral shapes for the same energy of the incident photon beam. First evidence for the possibility of detecting chemical composition of copper compounds is presented and discussed in details.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Magnuson, Martin, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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The electronic structure of polyaniline and doped phases studied by soft X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 111:10, s. 4756-4761
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structure of the conjugated polymer, polyaniline, has been studied by resonant and nonresonant soft x-ray emission spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation for the excitation. The measurements were made on polyaniline and a few doped (protonated) phases for both the carbon and nitrogen contents. The resonant x-ray emission spectra show depletion of the π electron bands due to the selective excitation which enhances the effect of symmetry selection rules. The valence band structures in the x-ray emission spectra attributed to the π bands show unambiguous changes of the electronic structure upon protonation. By comparing to x-ray absorption measurements, the chemical bonding and electronic configuration is characterized.
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| 30. |
- Modin, A., et al.
(författare)
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Closed source experimental system for soft x-ray spectroscopy of radioactive materials
- 2008
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 79:9, s. 093103-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An instrumental and experimental setup for soft x-ray spectroscopy meeting the requirements of a closed source for radioactivity is described. The system consists of a vacuum sealed cell containing the sample, mounted on a tubing system to ensure compatibility with most standard manipulators. The soft x rays penetrate a thin x-ray window separating the interior of the cell from the vacuum in the experimental chamber. Our first results for single crystal PuO2 confirm the feasibility of experiments using the setup. The results are consistent with results of first principles calculations and previously recorded spectra obtained using a standard open source setup. The results show that the closed source experimental system can be used to collect valuable experimental data from radioactive materials.
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| 31. |
- Modin, A., et al.
(författare)
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Electronic structure of Cu3N films studied by soft x-ray spectroscopy
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 20:23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soft x- ray emission spectroscopy was used to characterize the electronic structure of seven copper nitride films, one synthesized with atomic layer deposition ( ALD) and six grown with chemical vapor deposition ( CVD) at different preparation temperatures. Interpretation of the x- ray emission spectra was supported by calculations of the electronic structure for bulk pure Cu3N and Cu3N with: an excess of Cu atoms, oxygen or carbon impurities, and N vacancies. The calculations are shown to describe the experimental spectra quite well. Analysis of the x- ray spectra suggests that films grown in copper rich environments and above a cut- off temperature of approximately 360 degrees C have a growing fraction of copper enriched areas, while films prepared below this temperature do not have these areas with excess copper.
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| 32. |
- Tobin, J. G., et al.
(författare)
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FEFF analysis of americium oxides
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. - : American Vacuum Society. - 0734-2101 .- 1520-8559. ; 42:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Am N4,5 (4d3/2 and 4d5/2) and Am O4,5 (5d3/2 and 5d5/2) x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of americium sesquioxide (Am2O3) and americium dioxide (AmO2) has been evaluated with FEFF, a Green's function–based, multiple scattering code. Taking guidance from the intermediate coupling model (ICM), applicable to local and nonmagnetized samples, it is possible to completely reconstruct the experimental results for the N4,5 spectra, including the observed differences between the Am2O3 and the AmO2 cases. Although complicated by a more asymmetric line shape and difficult background variations, the FEFF analysis confirms the absence of core hole angular momentum coupling in Am O4,5 spectroscopy.
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| 33. |
- Yablonskikh, MV, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic circular dichroism in X-ray fluorescence of Heusler alloys at threshold excitation
- 2001
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Ingår i: SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS. - 0038-1098. ; 117:2, s. 79-82
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The results of fluorescence measurements of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) in Mn L-2,L-3 X-ray emission and absorption for Heusler alloys NiMnSb and Co2MnSb are presented. Very intense resonance Mn L-3 emission is found at the Mn 2P(3/2) threshold and
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| 34. |
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