| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Byerley, Andrew, 1965-
(författare)
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Ambivalent inheritance : Jinja Town in search of a postcolonial refrain
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Eastern African Studies. - : Routledge. - 1753-1055 .- 1753-1063. ; 5:3, s. 482-504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Jinja Town in Uganda, selected as one of five centres of growth in the post-WWII era of colonial developmentism, is perennially represented in the Ugandan media as the quintessential industrial town gone off-track. This is particularly evident for the case of the African housing estates built in Jinja in the 1950s where the dominant everyday rhythm is no longer dictated by the factory siren or the monthly wage but is instead a landscape scored by multiple rhythms. By conceptualising these estates as inherited machines – still loaded with a profusion of signs and objects from the era of the modern industrial ‘refrain’ – this paper seeks both to illustrate the colonial planning rationality and to examine contemporary processes of vernacular urbanism and contestations surrounding ‘re-occupations’ of the post-colonial city. It is argued that we need to seriously question any a priori invocation of a generic form of vernacular urbanism that is (or is not) to be prioritized over or ‘mixed’ with a Western planning cycle. Instead, the case study shows how historically mediated place specificities complicate the notion that the logics of place making can be unproblematically abstracted from.
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| 4. |
- Byerley, Andrew, 1965-
(författare)
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Ambivalent Inheritance : Jinja town in search of a postcolonial refrain
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Eastern African Studies. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1753-1055 .- 1753-1063. ; 5:3, s. 482-504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract. Jinja Town in Uganda, selected as one of five centres of growth in the post-WWII era of colonial developmentism, is perennially represented in the Ugandan media as the quintessential industrial town gone off-track. This is particularly evident for the case of the African housing estates built in Jinja in the 1950s where the dominant everyday rhythm is no longer dictated by the factory siren or the monthly wage but instead is a landscape scored by multiple rhythms. By conceptually positioning these estates as inherited machines – ones still loaded with a profusion of signs and objects from the era of the modern industrial ‘refrain’ – this paper seeks both to illustrate the colonial planning rationality and to examine contemporary processes of vernacular urbanism and contestations surrounding ‘re-occupations’ of the post-colonial city. It is argued that we need to seriously question any a priori invocation of a generic ‘form’ of vernacular urbanism that is (or is not) to be prioritized over or ‘mixed’ with a Western planning cycle. Instead, the case study shows how historical and place specificities complicate the notion that the logics of place making can be unproblematically abstracted from.
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| 5. |
- Byerley, Andrew, 1965-
(författare)
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Becoming Jinja : The Production of Space and Making of Place in an African Industrial Town
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The years immediately preceding and following W.W.II marked a turning point in British colonial policy in Africa. In this doctoral thesis, which focuses on colonial and post-colonial Uganda, this turning point is approached in terms of a shift in would-be hegemonic socio-spatial diagrams of power. In turn, the town of Jinja is approached in terms of having constituted a strong point with shifting functions in a series of contested diagrams of power over time. Certain agents and spatial enclosures are examined in terms of having risen and fallen in terms of deemed efficiency in actualising specific lines and modalities of power; the ”African” housing estate, the ”Asian” and the ”Chief” being important among these. Drawing on the theoretical work of Foucault, Deleuze & Guattari, and Lefebvre, particularly that pertaining to discursive regimes of power-knowledge, space and the subject, I seek to show how projects and architectures of socio-spatial ordering instituted by dominant producers of space (principally the colonial and post-independence states, and capital) have impacted on – and in turn been influenced and translated by – the everyday projects of people in place. Much of this focus, and also the fieldwork, is channelled through the Walukuba Housing Estate that was built in the post-W.W.II colonial era. The study is based on archival research, extensive ethnographic fieldwork and secondary literature.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Byerley, Andrew
(författare)
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Displacements in the name of (re)development : the contested rise and contested demise of colonial 'African' housing estates in Kampala and Jinja
- 2013
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Ingår i: Planning Perspectives. - : Routledge. - 0266-5433 .- 1466-4518. ; 28:4, s. 547-570
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines historical and contemporary processes of urban (re-)development and displacement in Uganda. Particular focus concerns the often conflicting strategies employed by urban managers and residents to plan, govern and live in both the late-colonial and early twenty-first century city. Both eras can be considered significant, even momentous, for the prominence of strategic projects of socio-spatial urban reconfiguration that incorporate(d) powerful discourses fusing land and housing development with societal progress and national development. The former project putatively centred on orchestrating African development and welfare, the latter on the more ambiguous project of re-development. The ‘Good City’ and the ‘Good Citizen’ are used as heuristic devices to examine the planning ideals and rationalities that inform(ed) these projects and the conflict of rationalities they provoke(d), particularly in terms of competing visions of the good city and good citizen. The paper emphasizes that current projects of redevelopmentalism do not take place in politically inert or historically benign space. Rather, it is shown how historical and place-based specificities articulate with and mediate the process of redevelopmentalism in Kampala and Jinja.
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| 8. |
- Byerley, Andrew, 1965-
(författare)
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Drawing white elephants in Africa? Re-contextualizing Ernst May’s Kampala plans in relation to the fraught political realities of late-colonial rule
- 2019
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Ingår i: Planning Perspectives. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0266-5433 .- 1466-4518. ; 34:4, s. 643-666
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1945/1946, the Colonial Administration in Uganda commissioned Ernst May – planner of Das Neue Frankfurt (1926–1930) – to design the Kampala Extension Scheme and the smaller Wandegeya Development Scheme. The past decade has seen increasing scholarly interest in the neglected ‘African’ episode of Mays planning oeuvre, but this literature has not explicitly examined how May’s planning articulated with the fraught political realities of late-colonial rule. Utilizing previously undocumented archive material and a theoretical frame informed by governmentality studies, this paper examines these articulations, particularly those relating to tensions and contradictions in Colonial government arising from the would-be turning-point from indirect rule to a bio-political rationality of development and welfare. It is shown that while May’s submitted plans spoke directly to the tropes of urban improvement, African detribalization and labour stabilization, which informed the ‘turning point’ in colonial policy, May’s elaborate socio-spatial interventions and the style in which these enunciated racial difference proved unpalatable to a colonial administration stifled by the rationality of the economic domain of government, by constraints on how difference could be enunciated and by African urban politics.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Byerley, Andrew, 1965-
(författare)
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Mind the Gap! Seeking Stability Beyond the ‘Tribal’ Threshold in Late-Colonial Uganda. The Role of Urban Housing Policy, 1945-1960.
- 2009
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Ingår i: African Studies. - : Taylor and Francis. - 0002-0184 .- 1469-2872. ; 68:3, s. 429-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract The momentum towards a ‘developmentalist’ paradigm of colonial rule in the post-WWII Uganda Protectorate elevated the ‘Native Question’ to a new critical level. The twin imperatives of welfare and industrialisation threatened to make the ‘tribal’ categories that had erstwhile been used to ‘locate’ colonial subjects untenable and to force a crossing of the detribalisation threshold. In the context of African urban housing policy and housing provision during the period 1945-1960, the author deploys Foucault’s notions of sovereign, anatomo- and bio-power to examine the changing modalities of power deployed by the colonial state in managing a controlled transition across the tribal threshold. From sovereign technologies of power in the pre-WWII era designed to extract labour power from Africans while conserving their tribal loyalty; thence to the introduction of technologies to regenerate the still tribal African body (1945-1953); then to technologies designed to cross the tribal threshold and norm and form ‘loyal’ modern subjects (1954-1960). The article investigates and argues for the vital but always evolving role of public African urban housing both as instructional spaces for these power investments and also as spatial ‘sorting devices’ or relay points in a wider architecture for canalising movement, separating populations, and guiding loyalties. A detailed case study of Walukuba African Housing Estate in Jinja Town is used to ground this analysis as well as to examine the ‘limits’ to colonial technologies of power.
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| 13. |
- Byerley, Andrew
(författare)
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Monumental politics in Namibia
- 2011
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Ingår i: Annual Report : 2010: The rise of africa: miracle or mirage?. - Uppsala : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. - 1104-5256. ; 2010, s. 36-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 14. |
- Byerley, Andrew, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Stockholm Parklife : Public issues, friction zones, and displacement
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Stockholm Parklife investigates alcohol consumption in urban parks and how the boundary between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour is drawn. Focus is mainly on how norms, regulation and policy create different claims on and conflicts in public spaces. Conflict around rowdy drinking behaviour in urban parks often generates proposals on alcohol free zones whose effects are not yet clear. The paper propose following this controversy over the fate of public space as an issue around which a public can form and participate in local (formal) politics. The project centers around the Stockholm inner-city parks Drakensbergsparken, Tantolunden, and Skinnarviksparken.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Byerley, Andrew, 1965
(författare)
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The Rise of the Compound-Hostel-Location Assemblage as Infrastructure of South African Colonial Power: The Case of Walvis Bay 1915-1960
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Southern African Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0305-7070 .- 1465-3893. ; 41:3, s. 519-539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 'infrastructural turn' in social science conceives of infrastructure as having a political life; it is deployed to confer and maintain political authority, but it is also generative of 'the political'. This article articulates this basic premise with the contention that space and circulation are integral to apparatuses of power, specifically in terms of orchestrating and stabilising what Foucault termed 'the right disposition of men and things, arranged so as to lead to a convenient end'.1 Based on archival study in Namibia and South Africa, the article examines the changing spatial disposition of African 'men and things' at Walvis Bay between 1915 and 1960, and how these articulated with the changing 'convenient ends' of African urban administration in Namibia. It demonstrates how problematisations in the activity of governing urban Africans during this period provoked the contested rise of key colonial urban political infrastructure - the compound-hostel-location assemblage. Research has shown how South Africa's Department of Native Affairs (DNA), particularly in its focus on urban housing, was central to the state's project of 'internal colonialism'.2 This article shows how, especially from 1954, the DNA's role extended to 'external colonialism', particularly so in Walvis Bay, a town castigated for its chaotic existence.
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| 17. |
- Byerley, Andrew, 1965-
(författare)
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The Sage Companion to the City
- 2010
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Ingår i: Urban Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 0042-0980 .- 1360-063X. ; 47:4, s. 913-914
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
- Byerley, Andrew
(författare)
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Uganda: Geography and Economy
- 2007
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Ingår i: New Encyclopedia of Africa, Volume 5. - : Gale Cengage. - 9780684314549
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 19. |
- Byerley, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Vad är ett bra parkliv? : Om det offentliga rummets öde, alkohol och Tanto i Stockholm
- 2012
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Ingår i: Geografiska Notiser. - 0016-724X. ; 70:1, s. 17-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Stockholm Parklife investigates alcohol consumption in urban parks and how the boundary between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour is drawn. Focus is mainly on how norms, regulation and policy create different claims on and conflicts in public spaces. Conflict around rowdy drinking behaviour in urban parks often generates proposals on alcohol free zones whose effects are not yet clear. The paper propose following this controversy over the fate of public space as an issue around which a public can form and participate in local (formal) politics. The project centers around the Stockholm inner-city parks Drakensbergsparken, Tantolunden, and Skinnarviksparken.
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| 20. |
- Byerley, Andrew
(författare)
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What is the good city?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Annual Report : 2012: Development Dilemmas. - : Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. - 1104-5256. ; 2012, s. 13-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The development of industrial capitalism in Europe gave rise to conditions that motivated the rise of modern urban planning. In Africa, urban models for ordering society emerged in the late 1930s. Andrew Byerley looks at the laboratory of urban Africa.
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| 21. |
- Fält, Lena, 1985-
(författare)
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New urban horizons in Africa : A critical analysis of changing land uses in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- African cities increasingly aspire global recognition and this has prompted a rapid transformation of the built environment in many urban locales. This thesis provides empirical and conceptual insights into this recent trend through a critical analysis of contemporary land use changes in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana. More specifically, this thesis examines the prevailing discourses on desirable urban development amongst urban planners and policy makers in this city region; how and by whom certain city visions are integrated into the built environment; how certain marginalised groups (represented by ‘informal’ street vendors and former residents of an ‘informal settlement’) respond to dominant city visions; and the socio-spatial consequences of contemporary urban interventions.The present thesis is based upon three qualitative case studies of transforming urban areas in the Greater Accra Region. The methods used include semi-structured interviews, observations and policy analysis. Theoretically, this thesis combines critical urban theory, the governmentality perspective and post-colonial urban theory to examine different aspects of the processes behind changing land uses and their consequences. The three cases are analysed in separate papers and discussed together in a comprehensive summary.The first paper analyses the logics behind a state-led demolition of a centrally located informal settlement. The paper shows that ‘conflicting rationalities’ exist between marginalised residents of informal settlements and state actors regarding their understanding of Accra’s built environment. While the demolished settlement constituted a place of affordable housing, place-specific livelihood strategies and sociability to the former residents, state authorities perceived the neighbourhood as problematic and made use of market-driven, ‘generative’ and ‘dispositional’ rationalities to justify the demolition and make space for new urban developments.The second paper explores the everyday governance of informal street trade in Osu, a rapidly transforming inner suburb of Accra. The paper highlights the important role played by individual landowners in the regulation of street trade in public space and demonstrates that street vendors, state authorities and landowners express ambiguous attitudes on the contemporary and future presence of informal trading in Accra due to prevailing aspirations of making Accra a globally recognised city.The third paper analyses the planning and materialisation of Appolonia City, a new satellite city under construction in peri-urban Accra. The paper demonstrates that far-reaching processes of privatisation in terms of land ownership, urban planning and city management are taking place through this project. Appolonia City has been enabled by state- and traditional authorities, together with the private developer, on the basis of multiple rationalities. The paper suggests that Appolonia City will become an elite development in contrast to the project’s stated goal of social sustainability.On the basis of the aggregated findings of the three case studies, this thesis concludes that a strong ‘global city’ ideal informs contemporary urban transformation in the Greater Accra Region; that the privatisation of communal land plays a key role in enabling (new types of) urban intervention; and that the needs of the urban poor are largely disregarded in these processes.
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| 22. |
- Jongh, Lennert, 1983-
(författare)
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Governing street and market vending in Kitwe, Zambia : Shifting rationalities and vendors' individual and collective agency
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis studies the governing of street and market vending in the Zambian city of Kitwe. Street and market vending has often been studied in relation to neoliberal urban developments. Such studies have shown how governing practices are driven by ambitions to create “world-class cities” and to attract (international) investment. This study aims to deepen the current understanding of governing street and market vending by studying (i) how multiple rationalities within government shape diverse governing practices over time, (ii) how entanglements between vendors associations and government influence the governing of street and market vending, and (iii) how vendors’ agency stretches across national and international space. The study makes use of a qualitative research methodology consisting primarily of interviews with street and market vendors, their associations’ representatives, and government. The interview material has been supplemented by observations and (online) documents, such as reports in the media.Paper I studies the governing of street vending between 2013 and 2018 in the city of Kitwe. The paper illustrates that the multiple rationalities of the national and local governments and entanglements with vendors and their associations have influenced governing practices. They have contributed to changes in governing modes over time and a variety of compromises. Paper II investigates how government’s selective enforcement of regulations has positioned market vendors and their associations in “gray spaces” between legality and illegality. Results highlight how these developments have strengthened the bonds between some associations and the ruling political party, and have sidelined other associations from market spaces. Possibilities of a more autonomous organizing of market vendors is thereby jeopardized.Paper III examines the agency of vendors by exploring how they have used associational activities as platforms to establish relationships with other vendors located in other localities. Through the use of mobile phones, these connections have become part of vendors’ everyday lives. Governing practices are also impacted by these connections as vendors’ discussions include propositions pertaining to their access to central city spaces.Taken together, the papers uncover how the governing of street and market vending is influenced by divisions within government and by complex relationships between vendors and the government. The papers also illustrate the agency of vendors and their associations, particularly the practices through which they seek to influence how they are governed and shape solidarities that stretch across space.
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| 23. |
- Kalyukin, Alexander, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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The second generation of post-socialist change: Gorky Park and public space in Moscow
- 2015
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Ingår i: Urban Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0272-3638 .- 1938-2847. ; 36:5, s. 674-695
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, public spaces in Moscow and in other post-socialist cities underwent dramatic changes in line with the wider adaptation to the market economy, epitomized in processes of privatization and commercialization. Most recently, however, these processes have been overshadowed by a "second generation" of post-socialist change that entails the recasting of the very conception of the public and public space. In this paper, we analyze these transformations in Moscow through a case study of the reconstruction of Gorky Park. The case study builds upon extensive empirical material collected through qualitative interviews, document and media studies, and on-site observations. It is shown that despite appealing to ideas of openness, livability and the public good, the park reconstruction in fact entails the production of socially divisive urban space that prioritizes consumerism at the cost of less-scripted and diverse public life.
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| 24. |
- Lewis, Cathryn M, et al.
(författare)
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Genome scan meta-analysis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, part II : Schizophrenia
- 2003
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 73:1, s. 34-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Schizophrenia is a common disorder with high heritability and a 10-fold increase in risk to siblings of probands. Replication has been inconsistent for reports of significant genetic linkage. To assess evidence for linkage across studies, rank-based genome scan meta-analysis (GSMA) was applied to data from 20 schizophrenia genome scans. Each marker for each scan was assigned to 1 of 120 30-cM bins, with the bins ranked by linkage scores (1 = most significant) and the ranks averaged across studies (R(avg)) and then weighted for sample size (N(sqrt)[affected casess]). A permutation test was used to compute the probability of observing, by chance, each bin's average rank (P(AvgRnk)) or of observing it for a bin with the same place (first, second, etc.) in the order of average ranks in each permutation (P(ord)). The GSMA produced significant genomewide evidence for linkage on chromosome 2q (PAvgRnk<.000417). Two aggregate criteria for linkage were also met (clusters of nominally significant P values that did not occur in 1,000 replicates of the entire data set with no linkage present): 12 consecutive bins with both P(AvgRnk) and P(ord)<.05, including regions of chromosomes 5q, 3p, 11q, 6p, 1q, 22q, 8p, 20q, and 14p, and 19 consecutive bins with P(ord)<.05, additionally including regions of chromosomes 16q, 18q, 10p, 15q, 6q, and 17q. There is greater consistency of linkage results across studies than has been previously recognized. The results suggest that some or all of these regions contain loci that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia in diverse populations.
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| 25. |
- Limbumba, Tatu Mtwangi, 1962-
(författare)
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Exploring social-cultural explanations for residential location choices : the case of an African City - Dar es Salaam
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study explores the factors urban residents consider when making residential location decisions. The context of the study is informal residential areas in a rapidly urbanising African city – the city of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. A central concern in the study is how the urban poor make their residential location decisions; the assumption is that with income limitations the urban poor rely on other non-economic resources to enable their residential location decisions in the context of rapid urban growth and urban poverty. The study attempts to question residential location choice concepts that rely on economic approaches as well as question explanations based on the developing world experiences.The study suggests that in the absence of reliable incomes, social networks and informalchannels prevail in the decision-making process. The concept of social capital where networks and social relationships are used as a resource by individuals or groups to achieve goals is explored in a residential choices framework. Demonstrated through in-depth interviews with heads of households settling close to the CBD (termed the inner city), the intermediate informal residential areas and the peri-urban residential areas; the study shows how socio-cultural factors play a role in the decision makingprocess of households. This is illustrated inter alia, in the form of informal channels for information on accommodation and residential plots, being accommodated rent-free by a relative, the actions of subsequently making short-distance moves to a location within proximity of a relative, or seeking people of the same socio-economic status. The context within which the actions have taken place has also been shown to be important in corroborating the network and relationship elements in the concept of social capital. The uncertainty that residents in rapidly urbanizing cities have to deal with on an everyday basis calls for networks and relations as an important resource for survival. The study goes further to suggest how urban planning practice can learn from the social processes. The study is based on qualitative methods such as in-depth interviewing with heads of household and key informants.
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| 26. |
- Lindell, Ilda, et al.
(författare)
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Governing urban informality : re-working spaces and subjects in Kampala, Uganda
- 2019
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Ingår i: IDPR. International Development Planning Review. - : Liverpool University Press. - 1474-6743 .- 1478-3401. ; 41:1, s. 63-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article addresses evolving ways of governing urban informality that increasingly draw upon the management of space. Drawing inspiration from governmentality studies, the article examines contemporary governmental strategies of spatial enclosure and expulsion deployed upon street vendors in Kampala, in the context of an ambitious urban transformation agenda and a recentralisation of political authority. The article uncovers the complex configuration of actors involved in the realisation and contestation of such spatial strategies, the messy political interactions and the multiple lines of tension they generate, thus questioning simplistic conceptual oppositions and coherent categories. The contradictory agency of the vendors comes to light, encompassing both resistance and active participation in their own enclosure. The state, far from operating as a cohesive repressive force, emerges as deeply divided around the fate of street vendors, suggesting that ways of governing informality play a central role in struggles for power among state actors. The article also explores the outcomes of dominant spatial strategies of governance in Kampala, both in terms of the effects on the targeted population and of the limits of these strategies for the intended transformation of the city.
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| 27. |
- Lindell, Ilda, et al.
(författare)
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New City visions and the politics of redevelopment in Dar es Salaam
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the midst of widespread urban deprivation, African governments increasingly give priority to large-scale ultra-modern urban projects, intended to increase national income and propel their urban settlements onto the global stage of ‘world-class’ cities. However, such projects are often in tension with the realities of local residents.
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| 28. |
- Lindell, Ilda, et al.
(författare)
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New City Visions and the Politics of Redevelopment in Dar es Salaam
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the midst of widespread urban deprivation, African governments increasingly give priority to large-scale ultra-modern urban projects, intended to increase national income and propel their urban settlements onto the global stage of ‘world-class’ cities. However, such projects are often in tension with the realities of local residents. This study explores one such initiative, a redevelopment project, the Kigamboni New City, in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It discusses the vision, intentions and rationales behind the project, as well as the tensions that the plans gave rise to, as residents in the area were to be resettled or displaced to make way for the New City. It shows that the urban vision underlying the New City project took shape without taking the different realities and desires of the local residents of Kigamboni into consideration. The study discusses how residents perceived and acted upon the redevelopment plans. A local organization claiming to represent the people of Kigamboni was mainly concerned with issues of compensation and the particular interests of landholders, and seemed to marginalize women and the concerns of tenants. The difficulties surrounding implementation of the futuristic plans finally brought them to a standstill, leaving the remaining residents in a state of uncertainty about the future. The paper is based on ethnographic fieldwork, including interviews with urban planners and local residents, as well as analysis of urban plans and other relevant documents.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Nord, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
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Translocal Optimisation : Assembling Rural and Urban Spaces for Later Life in Urban Namibia and Uganda
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Southern African Studies. - : Routledge. - 0305-7070 .- 1465-3893. ; 46:1, s. 109-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is often assumed that sub-Saharan African urban migrants return in later life to the villages from which they originated. This article challenges this model of circular migration by exploring the strategies of older adults who live permanently in urban areas. The empirical material comes from ethnographic case studies in two industrial towns formed by the apartheid and colonial housing policies of the 1950s and 1960s: Kuisebmond in Walvis Bay, Namibia, a former apartheid ‘location’; and Walukuba in Jinja, Uganda, a former ‘African’ rental estate. Older adults’ housing situation and its significance for their strategies and choices in later life provide the focus. The results show that even if many strategies appeared that are often associated with a return to the rural place of origin, for many the move back to the village was not a viable option. Participants in the study nurtured contacts with their places of origin, for example by making regular visits, sending remittances, contributing to housing in the village and receiving relatives in town. It is argued that these strategies, together with urban advantages–in particular a good housing situation–must be understood as translocal optimisation, in which potentialities emerge from an assemblage of various actors in different, connected locales. The optimal situation in which to age–in rural or urban areas–is a product of co-emergent actors and not necessarily an individual choice on the part of the older adult. The study concludes that urban living in later life seems to be an alternative choice for a group of older adults and must be acknowledged. © 2020, © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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| 32. |
- Zhang, Qian, 1977-
(författare)
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Pastoralists and the Environmental State : A study of ecological resettlement in Inner Mongolia, China
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- China's quest for sustainable development has given birth to a set of contested ‘ecological construction’ programmes. Focusing on ‘ecological resettlement’, a type of policy measure in a programme for restoring degraded grasslands, this thesis sets out a critical analysis in opposition to the dominant technical and managerial approaches to understanding environmentalisation. The aim is to draw out the politics of the formulation, implementation and effects of ecological resettlement at and across different scales. The study combines fieldwork, interviews, analysis of policy documents, and statistical analysis while theoretically, in addition to political ecology, it incorporates concepts and models from environmental governance, migration, and pastoralism studies. Environmentalisation is examined through three types of analysis: environmentalisation of the state, reshaping of state-society relations, and (re)territorialisation. A central theme is how local processes are linked to national considerations and how the local state acts as an intermediary between the central state and the pastoralists. The analysis exposes the practices that enabled the central state to define the problem of grasslands and devise interventions, illustrating the environmentalisation of the state. However, at the local level, incentives and interests defined by the political structure drove the developmental local state to pursue short-term-effective rather than sustainable practices. On the other hand, while the pastoral households responded to the projects with different strategies, their migration decisions suggested that social, economic and cultural considerations played a more important role than environmental concerns. Moreover, ecological resettlement has led to a significant change of Mongolian pastoralism. Land-tenure-based management further fragmented rangelands while the emergence of new social arrangements enabled migrant households to remain involved with pastoralism.
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