| 1. |
- Berg, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
The Effect of Prednisolone on Sequelae in Bell's Palsy
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. - 0886-4470 .- 1538-361X. ; 138:5, s. 443-447
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study whether prednisolone reduces sequelae in Bell's palsy. Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial with 12 months of follow-up. Setting: Seventeen referral centers. Patients: In all, 829 patients aged 18 to 75 years. Interventions: Randomization within 72 hours in a factorial fashion to placebo plus placebo (n=206); prednisolone, 60 mg/d for 5 days, with the dosage then tapered for 5 days, plus placebo (n=210); valacyclovir hydrochloride, 1000 mg 3 times daily for 7 days, plus placebo (n=207); or prednisolone plus valacyclovir (n=206). Main Outcome Measures: Facial function at 12 months assessed with the Sunnybrook and House-Brackmann grading systems. Results: In 184 of the 829 patients, the Sunnybrook score was less than 90 at 12 months; 71 had been treated with prednisolone and 113 had not (P<.001). In 98 patients, the Sunnybrook score was less than 70; 33 had received prednisolone and 65 had not (P<.001). The difference between patients who received prednisolone and who did not in House-Brackmann gradings higher than I and higher than II was also significant (P<.001 and P=.01, respectively). No significant difference was found between patients who received prednisolone and those who did not in Sunnybrook scores less than 50 (P=.10) or House-Brackmann grades higher than III (P=.80). Synkinesis was assessed with the Sunnybrook score in 743 patients. Ninety-six patients had a synkinesis score more than 2, of whom 33 had received prednisolone and 63 had not (P=.001). Sixty patients had a synkinesis score more than 4, of whom 22 had received prednisolone and 38 had not (P=.005). Conclusion: Prednisolone significantly reduces mild and moderate sequelae in Bell's palsy.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bylund, Nina, et al.
(författare)
-
Quality of Life in Bell's Palsy : Correlation with Sunnybrook and House-Brackmann Over Time
- 2021
-
Ingår i: The Laryngoscope. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0023-852X .- 1531-4995. ; 131:2, s. E612-E618
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesTo compare patient‐graded facial and social/well‐being function with physician‐graded facial function in Bell's palsy over time.Study DesignA prospective follow‐up study at two tertiary otorhinolaryngological centers.MethodsA total of 96 patients, 36 women and 60 men, aged 18–77 years, were included. Facial Clinimetric Evaluation (FaCE) scale and Facial Disability Index (FDI) scores were compared with Sunnybrook and House‐Brackmann scores.ResultsInclusion was on mean day 7 (96 patients) and follow‐up on days 53 (81 patients) and 137 (32 patients). Initially, correlations between FaCE total score, FaCE domains, FDI physical function, FDI social/well‐being function and Sunnybrook and House‐Brackmann scores were low to fair, except for FaCE facial movement (r = 0.55). Correlations between FaCE total score and Sunnybrook score were very good to excellent at visits 2 (r = 0.83) and 3 (r = 0.81). Women scored FaCE social and FDI social/well‐being function lower than men, despite similar Sunnybrook scores.ConclusionIn early stages of Bell's palsy, there were low to fair correlations between FaCE/FDI (except for facial movement) and Sunnybrook score. This implies that the design of the quality of life (QoL) instruments is less suited for the acute phase. The high correlations at follow‐ups suggest that the questionnaires can be used for evaluation of QoL over time. Our results indicate that women experience more facial palsy‐related psychosocial dysfunction.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E612–E618, 2021
|
|
| 3. |
- Bylund, Nina, et al.
(författare)
-
Synkinesis in Bell's palsy in a randomised controlled trial
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Clinical Otolaryngology. - : Wiley. - 1749-4478 .- 1365-2273. ; 42:3, s. 673-680
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To study the development of synkinesis in Bell's palsy. Frequency, severity, gender aspects and predictors were analysed.DESIGN: Data from the randomised controlled Scandinavian Bell's palsy trial including 829 patients.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency and severity of synkinesis at 12 months were the main outcome measures. Mean Sunnybrook synkinesis scores, voluntary movement scores and composite scores between 6 and 12 months were compared.RESULTS: In 743 patients with a 12-month follow-up, synkinesis frequency was 21.3%. There was no gender difference. Synkinesis was moderate to severe in 6.6% of patients. Those with synkinesis at 6 months had a synkinesis score of 4.1 (±2.8 sd), which increased to 4.7 (±3.2) (P = 0.047) at 12 months (n = 93). Sunnybrook composite score at 1 month was the best predictor for synkinesis development with receiver operating characteristics and area under the curve (AUC) 0.87. Risk for synkinesis increased with a lower Sunnybrook composite score. Furthermore, at 1 month, symmetry of voluntary movement had higher predictive value for synkinesis than resting symmetry with AUC 0.87 and 0.77, respectively. Gentle eye closure and open-mouth smile were the only independent significant predictive items (AUC 0.86).CONCLUSIONS: Moderate-to-severe synkinesis was present in 6.6% of patients. The mean synkinesis score increased between 6 and 12 months, and outcome should therefore be evaluated after at least 12 months. Sunnybrook composite score and symmetry of voluntary movement at 1 month were good predictors for synkinesis.
|
|
| 4. |
- Cakici, Baki, 1984-
(författare)
-
The Informed Gaze : On the Implications of ICT-Based Surveillance
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Information and communication technologies are not value-neutral. I examine two domains, public health surveillance and sustainability, in five papers covering: (i) the design and development of a software package for computer-assisted outbreak detection; (ii) a workflow for using simulation models to provide policy advice and a list of challenges for its practice; (iii) an analysis of design documents from three smart home projects presenting intersecting visions of sustainability; (iv) an analysis of EU-financed projects dealing with sustainability and ICT; (v) an analysis of the consequences of design choices when creating surveillance technologies. My contributions include three empirical studies of surveillance discourses where I identify the forms of action that are privileged and the values that are embedded into them. In these discourses, the presence of ICT entails increased surveillance, privileging technological expertise, and prioritising centralised forms of knowledge.
|
|
| 5. |
- Eriksson Bylund, Nina, et al.
(författare)
-
3D Wiener filtering to reduce reverberations in ultrasound image sequences
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Image Analysis. - : Springer. - 3540406018 - 9783540406013 ; , s. 579-586
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most frequently occuring artifacts in ultrasound imaging is reverberations. These are multiple reflection echoes that result in ghost echoes in the ultrasound image. A method for reducing these unwanted artifacts using a three-dimensional (3D) Wiener filter is presented. The Wiener filter is a global filter and produces an estimate of the uncorrupted signal by minimizing the mean square error between the estimate and the uncorrupted signal in a statistical sense. The procedure works as follows: In a graphic interface the operator is displayed an image sequence. The operator marks two areas in one of the images, one area which contains a typical reverberation artifact, and one area free from artifact. Using these areas to produce noise and signal estimates, a Wiener filter is created and applied to the sequence. The 3D Wiener filters display excellent selection capabilities, and the developed method significantly reduces the magnitude of the reverberation artifact in the tested sequences.
|
|
| 6. |
- Eriksson-Bylund, Nina, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Detecting and reducing reverberation artifacts
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Swedish Symposium on Image Analysis (2004). ; , s. 54-57
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 7. |
- Eriksson-Bylund, Nina, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Interactive 3D filter design for ultrasound artifact reduction
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Image Processing, 2005. ICIP 2005. IEEE International Conference on (Volume:3 ). - 0780391349 ; , s. 728-731
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for detecting and reducing reverberation artifacts in ultrasound image sequences is described. A reverberation artifact localization map is produced using local Rf-bandwidth estimation. To reduce the artifacts an ideal 3D (2D + time) Wiener filter function is computed by using the reverberation map to interactively produce an estimate of the noise and signal spectra. The Wiener filter kernel is optimized to obtain good locality properties. The optimized filter is then applied to the ultrasound image sequence. The test sequence used is from an open chest pig heart, corrupted by strong reverberation artifacts. The selective power of a 3D filter is far superior to that of ID and 2D filters and the reverberation artifacts are almost completely removed by the developed method.
|
|
| 8. |
- Eriksson-Bylund, Nina, et al.
(författare)
-
Reverberation Reduction Using 3D Wiener Filtering
- 2003
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One of the most common artifacts in ultrasound imaging is reverberations. These are multiple reflection echoes that register as coming from a deeper region than the depth of the interface that are causing them, and result in ghost echoes in the ultrasound image. A method to reduce these unwanted artifacts using a three dimensional (2D + time) Wiener filter has been developed. Two sequences of iq-data, the least processed signal possible to retrieve from the ultrasound system (Vingmed System Five), have been used to test the method: One sequence on a tissue-mimicking agar gel phantom in which bars of glass simulating ribs give rise to reverberations, and one sequence on an open-chest pig with a strong reverberation from a water-filled rubber glove used as a medium between the heart and the transducer. The procedure works as follows: In a graphic interface the operator is shown the image sequence. In one of the frames two areas must be marked out; One area which contains a typical reverberation artifact, and one area which will represent an artifact free signal. After creating the three dimensional Wiener filter post-processing of the sequence is performed. The developed method significantly reduced the magnitude of the reverberation artifact in the tested sequences.
|
|
| 9. |
- Eriksson-Bylund, Nina, 1971-
(författare)
-
Spatio-temporal filtering of ultrasound image sequences
- 2004
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A number of diseases result in reduced perfusion of the vital organs of the body. Measures of the blood flow in the small vessels (the perfusion) of these organs would contribute significantly to a clinical diagnosis. Myocardial contrast echocardiography is a rapidly developing technique for non-invasive ultrasound imaging of perfusion. The work presented in this thesis is related to the preprocessing of the ultrasound data in order to facilitate the segmentation of the heart walls in which the perfusion is to be estimated.In an ultrasound image artifacts can occur for a number of reasons. These lead to a more complicated interpretation procedure as important information may be obscured or lost. One of the most frequently occuring artifacts in diagnostic ultrasound imaging is reverberation. This type of artifact is caused by the incorrect assumption that the ultrasound pulse's propagation path is always straight to a backscattering target and straight back to the transducer. Reverberation artifacts may be seen as multiple ghost structures in the ultrasound image.A method to detect these reverberation artifacts has been developed and tested on three different ultrasound image sequences. The method uses ratios of lognormal quadrature filter responses to estimate the local bandwidth of the ultrasound signal. For the in-vivo sequences the result is a "map" indicating the artifact locations.In order to reduce the reverberation artifacts an interactive procedure for estimating two dimensional and three-dimensional Wiener filters has been developed. The design procedure used is a weighted least squares approach, in which both a frequency and a spatiotemporal weighting function are used to optimize the filter. In the results after filtering with the optimized filters the magnitude of the artifact is significantly reduced. For the in-vivo sequences the 3D approach display a better selection capability compared to the 2D approach.The results from these studies show that the proposed methods constitute a promising basis for a useful clinical tool.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Eriksson, Ola, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
In vitro evaluation of brain lesioning electrodes (Leksell) using a computer-assisted video system
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Neurological Research. - 0161-6412 .- 1743-1328. ; 21:1, s. 89-95
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radiofrequency (RF) generated thermal brain lesions are widely used in functional neurosurgery. The size, shape and development of the lesions depends on system parameter settings and the electrode configuration. Difficulties in studying the effect of these factors in vivo stimulated us to develop an in vitro system for standardized comparison between different electrodes and physical parameters. A computer-assisted video system was set-up allowing continuous video recording of RF-generated coagulations in either a standard albumin solution or in the fresh white of a hen's egg as transparent test substrates. Ten lesions were made with each test electrode (two bipolar and three monopolar) in each of the two substrates at 70 degrees, 80 degrees and 90 degrees C (t = 60 sec). Due to the better homogeneity the lesions in the albumin solution were much more regular and reproducible. This made it possible to calculate the size (width 2.2 +/- 0.1 to 5.3 +/- 0.1 mm and length 3.0 +/- 0.1 to 8.7 +/- 0.3 mm) as well as the volume (8.5 +/- 1.4 mm3 to 133.5 +/- 26.8 mm3). It is concluded that this in vitro system offers a reproducible way to study and document the effect of different electrode configurations and RF-generator settings on the formation of a heat lesion. Even if the results are not directly applicable to the living human brain they give an estimate of the form and size of a coagulation lesion and can be of value for standardized comparisons between different electrodes.
|
|
| 12. |
- Jensson, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Cranial Nerve Coactivation and Implication for Nerve Transfers to the Facial Nerve.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Plastic and reconstructive surgery (1963). - 0032-1052 .- 1529-4242. ; 141:4, s. 582e-585e
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In reanimation surgery, effortless smile can be achieved by a nonfacial donor nerve. The underlying mechanisms for this smile development, and which is the best nonfacial neurotizer, need further clarification. The aim of the present study was therefore to further explore the natural coactivation between facial mimic muscles and muscles innervated by the most common donor nerves used in smile reanimation. The study was conducted in 10 healthy adults. Correlation between voluntary facial muscle movements and simultaneous electromyographic activity in muscles innervated by the masseter, hypoglossal, and spinal accessory nerves was assessed. The association between voluntary movements in the latter muscles and simultaneous electromyographic activity in facial muscles was also studied. Smile coactivated the masseter and tongue muscles equally. During the seven mimic movements, the masseter muscle had fewer electromyographically measured coactivations compared with the tongue (two of seven versus five of seven). The trapezius muscle demonstrated no coactivation during mimic movements. Movements of the masseter, tongue, and trapezius muscles induced electromyographically recorded coactivation in the facial muscles. Bite resulted in the strongest coactivation of the zygomaticus major muscle. The authors demonstrated coactivation between voluntary smile and the masseter and tongue muscles. During voluntary bite, strong coactivation of the zygomaticus major muscle was noted. The narrower coactivation pattern in the masseter muscle may be advantageous for central relearning and the development of a spontaneous smile. The strong coactivation between the masseter muscle and the zygomaticus major indicates that the masseter nerve may be preferred in smile reanimation.
|
|
| 13. |
- Lundblad, Nicklas, et al.
(författare)
-
Kontrollen av Internet bör redovisas öppet
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Svenska dagbladet. - : Hb Svenska dagbladets AB & Co. - 1101-2412. ; :2012-04-18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 14. |
- Lundblad, Nicklas, et al.
(författare)
-
Kontrollen av internet bör redovisas öppet
- 2012. - 7
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Sverige bör gå främst i frågan om hur friheten på nätet kan utvecklas. Som första land skulle kunna producera en insynsrapport som ger medborgarna information om hur staten behandlar friheten på nätet. Det skriver företrädare för Google med flera.
|
|
| 15. |
- Marsk, Elin, et al.
(författare)
-
Prediction of nonrecovery in Bell's palsy using sunnybrook grading
- 2012
-
Ingår i: The Laryngoscope. - : Wiley. - 0023-852X .- 1531-4995. ; 122:4, s. 901-906
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives/Hypothesis: To develop a clinical prognostic model to identify Bell's palsy patients with risk for nonrecovery at 12 months. Study Design: Data from a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Methods: There were 829 patients with Bell's palsy randomized in a factorial fashion to treatment with prednisolone or no prednisolone. Facial function was assessed with the Sunnybrook grading scale. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses at different time points were used to identify factors predicting nonrecovery, defined as Sunnybrook < 70 at 12 months. Variables studied were age, gender, time to inclusion, prednisolone treatment, side of palsy, pain at inclusion, and Sunnybrook scores. Factors of predictable significance were used to construct prognostic models at baseline, days 11 to 17, and at 1 month. Receiver operating characteristics curves were created to test the predictive capacity of the models. Results: At baseline, treatment with prednisolone or no prednisolone (P = .0005), age (P = .04) and the Sunnybrook score (P = .0002) were significant factors for predicting nonrecovery. The receiver operating characteristics area under the curve at baseline for these three variables was 0.74 (sensitivity 0.83, specificity 0.57). At days 11 to 17 and at 1 month, the Sunnybrook score was the only significant predictive variable. The respective areas under the curves for the Sunnybrook score at these time points were 0.83 (sensitivity 0.81, specificity 0.75) and 0.94 (sensitivity 0.91, specificity 0.85). Conclusions: Sunnybrook grading at 1 month most accurately predicts nonrecovery at 12 months in Bell's palsy.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
