| 1. |
- CARLSSON, STEFAN, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Age at surgery, educational level and long-term urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy
- 2011
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Ingår i: BJU International. - 1464-4096 .- 1464-410X. ; 108:10, s. 1572-1577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE To identify predictors for long-term urinary leakage after radical prostatectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS A consecutive series of 1411 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (open surgery or robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery) at Karolinska University Hospital between 2002 and 2006 were invited to complete a study-specific questionnaire. Urinary leakage was defined as use of two or more pads per day. RESULTS Questionnaires were received from 1288 (91%) patients with a median follow-up of 2.2 years. Age at surgery predicts in an exponential manner long-term urinary incontinence at follow-up with an estimated relative increase of 6% per year. Among the oldest patients, 19% had urinary incontinence compared with 6% in the youngest age group, translating to a prevalence ratio of 2.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-8.1). Low educational level, as compared with high, yielded an increased age-adjusted prevalence ratio of 2.5 (95% CI, 1.7-3.9). Patients who had undergone salvage radiation therapy had an increased prevalence of urinary incontinence (2.5; 95% CI, 1.6-3.8), as did those with respiratory disease (2.4; 95% CI, 1.3-4.4). Body mass index, prostate weight, presence of diabetes or previous transurethral resection did not appear to influence the prevalence of urinary incontinence. CONCLUSIONS In this series, a patient's age at radical prostatectomy influenced, in an exponential manner, his risk of long-term urinary incontinence. Other predictors are low educational level, salvage radiation therapy and respiratory disease. Intervention studies are needed to understand if these data are relevant to the prevalence of urinary leakage if a radical prostatectomy is postponed in an active monitoring programme.
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| 2. |
- CARLSSON, STEFAN, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Orgasm-Associated Urinary Incontinence and Sexual Life after Radical Prostatectomy.
- 2011
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Ingår i: The journal of sexual medicine. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1743-6109 .- 1743-6095.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. Involuntary release of urine during sexual climax, orgasm-associated urinary incontinence, occurs frequently after radical prostatectomy. We know little about its prevalence and its effect on sexual satisfaction. Aim. To determine the prevalence of orgasm-associated incontinence after radical prostatectomy and its effect on sexual satisfaction. Methods. Consecutive series, follow-up at one point in calendar time of men having undergone radical prostatectomy (open surgery or robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery) at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, 2002-2006. Of the 1,411 eligible men, 1,288 (91%) men completed a study-specific questionnaire. Main Outcome Measure. Prevalence rate of orgasm-associated incontinence. Results. Of the 1,288 men providing information, 691 were sexually active. Altogether, 268 men reported orgasm-associated urinary incontinence, of whom 230 (86%) were otherwise continent. When comparing them with the 422 not reporting the symptom but being sexually active, we found a prevalence ratio (with 95% confidence interval) of 1.5 (1.2-1.8) for not being able to satisfy the partner, 2.1 (1.1-3.5) for avoiding sexual activity because of fear of failing, 1.5 (1.1-2.1) for low orgasmic satisfaction, and 1.4 (1.2-1.7) for having sexual intercourse infrequently. Prevalence ratios increase in prostate-cancer survivors with a higher frequency of orgasm-associated urinary incontinence. Conclusion. We found orgasm-associated urinary incontinence to occur among a fifth of prostate cancer survivors having undergone radical prostatectomy, most of whom are continent when not engaged in sexual activity. The symptom was associated with several aspects of sexual life. Nilsson AE, Carlsson S, Johansson E, Jonsson MN, Adding C, Nyberg T, Steineck G, and Wiklund NP. Orgasm-associated urinary incontinence and sexual life after radical prostatectomy. J Sex Med **;**:**-**.
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| 3. |
- Cortés-González, Jeff R, et al.
(författare)
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Early salvage radiation therapy combined with short-term hormonal therapy in recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy: Single-institution 4-year data on outcome, toxicity, health-related quality of life and co-morbidities from 184 consecutive patients treated with 70 Gy.
- 2013
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Ingår i: International journal of oncology. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1791-2423 .- 1019-6439. ; 42:1, s. 109-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the role of 70Gy salvage radiotherapy (SRT) combined with short-term neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) in the treatment of recurrent disease after radical prostatectomy (RP), and to consider quality of life (QoL), survival outcomes and impact of co-morbidities on treatment-related rectal-genitourinary toxicity. Electronic records of 184 SRT patients treated consecutively between October 2001 and February 2007 were analyzed. Median age was 64 years (median follow-up 48months). NHT was given to 165 patients (median 3 months). Pre-RP and pre-SRT PSA, PSA doubling time, Gleason score (GS), seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) and detectable post-SRT PSA were recorded. Any detectable PSA or PSA >0.1 ng/ml + nadir was considered biochemical failure (BcF). The Charlson co-morbidity index was used to correlate co-morbidities and rectal-genitourinary toxicity. Scores from the health-related QoL EORTC QLQ-C30 and PR-25 questionnaires were also evaluated. In 116 (63%) patients, a long-lasting curative effect was indicated by undetectable PSA levels. In univariate analysis, using BcF as an outcome variable, p<0.001 was found for GS, pre-SRT PSA, SVI and detectable post-SRT PSA. Multivariate analysis showed p=0.01 for SVI, p=0.09 for GS, and detectable post-SRT PSA (p=0.01); with metastases as an outcome variable, only SVI was significant (p=0.007). Cancer-specific and overall survival were 99 and 95%, respectively. Although microscopy showed SVI or GS 8-10 in the prostatectomy specimens 17/40(43%) and 13/29 (45%), respectively, of patients still showed undetectable PSA at long-term follow-up (median 55 months) after SRT. Likewise, 11/31 (36%) patients with pre-SRT PSA >1.0 ng/ml and 80/134 (60%) patients with PSA doubling time (PSADT) <10 still showed undetectable PSA after 50 months. Slightly elevated acute and late rectal-genitourinary grade 3-4 toxicity was observed. No association with co-morbidity/toxicity was found. EORTC QLQ-C30 scores were similar to or slightly better than reference values. SRT with 70 Gy combined with 3-month NHT results in long-term undetectable PSA in >50% of patients with recurrence after RP with acceptable rectal-genitourinary toxicity and without negatively affecting long-term QoL. Non-metastatic patients should not be disqualified from receiving SRT although presenting with poor prognostic factors at surgery.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Stranne, Johan, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Inguinal Hernia After Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer : Results From a Randomized Setting and a Nonrandomized Setting
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 58:5, s. 719-726
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Observational data indicate that retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) for prostate cancer (PCa) may induce inguinal hernia (IH) formation. Little is known about the influence of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RALP) on IH risk. Objective: To compare the incidence of IH after RRP and RALP to that of nonoperated patients with PCa and to a population control. Design, setting, and participants: We studied two groups. All 376 men included in the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study Number 4 constitute study group 1. Patients were randomly assigned RRP or watchful waiting (WW). The 1411 consecutive patients who underwent RRP or RALP at Karolinska University Hospital constitute study group 2. Men without PCa, matched for age and residence to each study group, constitute controls. Measurements: Postoperative IH incidence was detected through a validated questionnaire. The participation rates were 82.7% and 88.4% for study groups 1 and 2, respectively. Results and limitations: The Kaplan-Meier cumulative occurrence of IH development after 48 mo in study group 1 was 9.3%, 2.4%, and 0.9% for the RRP, the WW, and the control groups, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the RRP group and the WW and control groups, but not between the last two. In study group 2 the cumulative risk of IH development at 48 mo was 12.2%, 5.8%, and 2.6% for the RRP, the RALP, and the control group, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the RRP group and the RALP and control groups, but not between the last two. Conclusions: RRP for PCa leads to an increased risk of IH development. RALP may lower the risk as compared to open surgery.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Adding, Christofer, et al.
(författare)
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Robotkirurgi ger bra resultat vid radikal prostatektomi. Prostatacancer kan behandlas mer effektivt och skonsamt
- 2011
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 1652-7518 .- 0023-7205. ; 108:19, s. 1053-1057
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Operationsresultat redovisas för män opererade med radikal prostatektomi – öppen kirurgi jämfört med robotassisterad laparaskopi – under 2002–2006 vid Karolinska universitetssjukhuset, Solna.Män som följdes under minst 1 år besvarade enkätfrågor; 768 robotkirurgiska och 411 öppenkirurgiska operationer utvärderades.Under perioden minskade andelen män med positiv resektionsrand från 37 procent till 22 procent och med erektil dysfunktion från 66 procent till 60 procent. Andelen optimala operationsresultat (»trifecta«) ökade från 19 procent till 28 procent.Vi har inte hittat några indikationer på att införandet av robotkirurgi har försämrat situationen för män diagnostiserade med prostatacancer.Vi kan inte avgöra om de positiva operationsresultaten skulle ha blivit bättre eller sämre om ett utvecklingsprogram för öppen radikal prostatektomi i stället initierats.En nationell studie, LAPPRO, avseende effekterna av de två operationsformerna pågår.
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| 10. |
- Bratt, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Satsa på MRT för diagnostik av prostatacancer.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Läkartidningen Förlag. - 1652-7518 .- 0023-7205. ; 112:Apr 20, s. DFZ3-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 11. |
- Bratt, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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The Study of Active Monitoring in Sweden (SAMS) : A randomized study comparing two different follow-up schedules for active surveillance of low-risk prostate cancer
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 47:5, s. 347-355
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Only a minority of patients with low-risk prostate cancer needs treatment, but the methods for optimal selection of patients for treatment are not established. This article describes the Study of Active Monitoring in Sweden (SAMS), which aims to improve those methods. Material and methods. SAMS is a prospective, multicentre study of active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer. It consists of a randomized part comparing standard rebiopsy and follow-up with an extensive initial rebiopsy coupled with less intensive follow-up and no further scheduled biopsies (SAMS-FU), as well as an observational part (SAMS-ObsQoL). Quality of life is assessed with questionnaires and compared with patients receiving primary curative treatment. SAMS-FU is planned to randomize 500 patients and SAMS-ObsQoL to include at least 500 patients during 5 years. The primary endpoint is conversion to active treatment. The secondary endpoints include symptoms, distant metastases and mortality. All patients will be followed for 10-15 years. Results. Inclusion started in October 2011. In March 2013, 148 patients were included at 13 Swedish urological centres. Conclusions. It is hoped that the results of SAMS will contribute to fewer patients with indolent, low-risk prostate cancer receiving unnecessary treatment and more patients on active surveillance who need treatment receiving it when the disease is still curable. The less intensive investigational follow-up in the SAMS-FU trial would reduce the healthcare resources allocated to this large group of patients if it replaced the present standard schedule.
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| 12. |
- Bröchner, Jan, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Outsourcing facilities services: needs and practices of Swedish owners of commercial property
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings CIB W70 Facilities Management and Maintenance International Symposium, Hong Kong, 7-8 December 2004. ; , s. 395-400
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Why and how facilities services are outsourced is a question that continues to attract interest. The purpose of this study has been to investigate links between categories of property owners and their demand for packaged facilities services. The empirical part is based on questionnaire responses from 20 large owners of commercial property in Sweden, and on interviews with 11 of these owners. Owners are characterized by portfolio value, geographical spread of properties, investment horizon, core business, and average tenant size. Three owner segments are identified and tentatively labelled Building Managers, Active Asset Managers, and Passive Asset Managers. Their outsourcing policies and practices differ clearly.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Derogar, Maryam, et al.
(författare)
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Preparedness for side effects and bother in symptomatic men after radical prostatectomy in a prospective, non-randomized trial
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 55:12, s. 1467-1476
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Many clinicians believe that preparedness before surgery for possible post-surgery side effects reduces the level of bother experienced from urinary incontinence and decreased sexual health after surgery. There are no published studies evaluating this belief. Therefore, we aimed to study the level of preparedness before radical prostatectomy and the level of bother experienced from urinary incontinence and decreased sexual health after surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We prospectively collected data from a non-selected group of men undergoing radical prostatectomy in 14 centers between 2008 and 2011. Before surgery, we asked about preparedness for surgery-induced urinary problems and decreased sexual health. One year after surgery, we asked about bother caused by urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction. As a measure of the association between preparedness and bothersomeness we modeled odds ratios (ORs) by means of logistic regression. RESULTS: Altogether 1372 men had urinary incontinence one year after surgery as well as had no urinary leakage or a small urinary dribble before surgery. Among these men, low preparedness was associated with bother resulting from urinary incontinence [OR 2.84; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.59-5.10]. In a separate analysis of 1657 men we found a strong association between preparedness for decreased sexual health and experiencing bother from erectile dysfunction (OR 5.92; 95% CI 3.32-10.55). CONCLUSION: In this large-sized prospective trial, we found that preparedness before surgery for urinary problems or sexual side effects decreases bother from urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction one year after surgery.
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| 17. |
- Dwibedi, Chinmay, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of self-managed lifestyle treatment on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes
- 2022
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Ingår i: npj Digital Medicine. - : Nature Research. - 2398-6352. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lack of effective, scalable solutions for lifestyle treatment is a global clinical problem, causing severe morbidity and mortality. We developed a method for lifestyle treatment that promotes self-reflection and iterative behavioral change, provided as a digital tool, and evaluated its effect in 370 patients with type 2 diabetes (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04691973). Users of the tool had reduced blood glucose, both compared with randomized and matched controls (involving 158 and 204 users, respectively), as well as improved systolic blood pressure, body weight and insulin resistance. The improvement was sustained during the entire follow-up (average 730 days). A pathophysiological subgroup of obese insulin-resistant individuals had a pronounced glycemic response, enabling identification of those who would benefit in particular from lifestyle treatment. Natural language processing showed that the metabolic improvement was coupled with the self-reflective element of the tool. The treatment is cost-saving because of improved risk factor control for cardiovascular complications. The findings open an avenue for self-managed lifestyle treatment with long-term metabolic efficacy that is cost-saving and can reach large numbers of people. © 2022, The Author(s).
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| 18. |
- Fältström, Emma, 1987-
(författare)
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Mitigating Microplastics Pollution in Urban Water Systems : Flow, actors, and control measures
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Water pollution has long been considered a challenge in urban areas. Urban wastewater and stormwater act as transport pathways for pollutants from urban areas to receiving waters. Microplastics are a pollution problem of growing concern. As part of the zero-pollution action plan for 2050, the European Commission has set the target to reduce emissions of microplastics to the environment by 30% from 2016 to 2030. The majority of the microplastics originate from sources on land, and urban areas are viewed as particular hotspots. More knowledge is needed on the sources and pathways of microplastics within the urban area, such as to and from urban water systems. To be able to reduce microplastics pollution, there is also a need to understand where control measures can be introduced and make an impact in terms of reduced loads to the environment. For control measures to be implemented, there is also a need to understand the incentives and challenges that the actors, who have a responsibility related to the flows, encounter when working with pollution control. The aim of this thesis was to contribute to enhanced understanding of flows of microplastics in urban water systems and how the flows can be controlled, in order to facilitate mitigation actions for these flows. This aim was addressed by identifying and quantifying sources with emissions to urban wastewater and stormwater and pathways from the urban water system, with inspiration from the method substance flow analysis. The estimated sources were also compared to measurements in raw wastewater and stormwater from four different catchments to identify matches and differences. Further, control measures were introduced to the quantified sources and pathways. Municipal officials, who can implement the control measures, were also interviewed about their incentives and challenges when controlling microplastics and other pollutants in the urban water system. The emissions of microplastics to stormwater were estimated to be much higher than those to wastewater. Tyre wear particles and cigarette butts were estimated to be the largest sources. While stormwater measurements confirmed tyre wear particles, cigarette butts, and paint particles, which was another large source according to the source estimates, could not be confirmed. Instead, the samples contained other types of microplastics. These mismatches indicate that large flows of microplastics may come from sources that have yet to be identified and quantified. The largest source to wastewater was estimated to be synthetic fibres (mainly polyester) released during laundry washing. Polyester also had the largest share in the wastewater measurements. Untreated stormwater was the largest pathway to receiving waters, followed by treated stormwater. Treated wastewater and overflows had comparatively small emissions. The measures introduced to wastewater had the potential to reduce the load of microplastics in the wastewater by half. However, as wastewater treatment retain most of the microplastics, and because the largest emissions came from stormwater, this reduction made a small difference in terms of total loads to receiving waters. Reduced urban traffic, changed driving behaviour, and more stormwater treatment, were also required to reduce emissions of microplastics from the urban water system to receiving waters by 30% in accordance with the EU target. Three types of incentives for pollution control among the municipal officials were identified. One incentive was that pollution control positively affected other aspects that were seen as important, such as that it had economic benefits or increased water- and sludge quality. Another incentive was a perceived responsibility for water quality, for the environment, or to be role models. A third incentive was a “pressure” to act from the local environmental control authorities or through local politics. The challenges for pollution control were primarily related to insufficient resources in terms of time, finances, and knowledge. Changing, limited, or lack of legislation was also identified as a challenge. Other identified challenges, such as unclear responsibilities and unclear expectations of the work, can be alleviated with a strategy or plan, but a plan did not ease all challenges. Support, in terms of financial means and guidance, is also needed so that actions set out in the plans can be implemented. So far, the control measures for microplastics related to urban water systems have primarily been preventive and focused on restricting use of microplastics in certain applications. There are no restrictions on emissions yet. If such restrictions come, where they are placed will impact the type of measures that will be introduced. This, in turn, will have consequences at the system level: for example, if it will lead to emissions in another part of the system, and which actors will be responsible for managing the pollution.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Haglund, Åsa, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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GaN-based VCSELs
- 2015
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Ingår i: VI Workshop on Physics and Technology of Semiconductor Lasers.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) is an established optical source in short-distance optical communication links, computer mice and tailored infrared power heating systems. Its low power consumption, easy integration into two-dimensional arrays, and low-cost manufacturing also make this type of semiconductor laser suitable for application in areas such as high-resolution printing, bio-medical and general lighting. However, these applications require emission wavelengths in the blue-UV instead of the established infrared regime, which can be achieved by using GaN-based instead of GaAs-based materials. The development of GaN-based VCSELs have shown to be challenging, and so far only a handful research groups have demonstrated lasing from such electrically pumped devices [1-6]. The presented performance is typically orders of magnitudes lower compared to that from electrically driven GaAs-based VCSELs. Some of the challenges are to achieve efficient transverse current spreading, transverse optical mode confinement, high-reflectivity mirrors and resonator length control. This talk will summarize the different strategies to solve these issues in electrically pumped GaN-VCSELs together with state-of-the-art results. We will highlight our work on combined transverse current and optical mode confinement, where we show that many structures used for current confinement result in unintentionally optically anti-guided resonators. Such resonators can have a very high optical loss, which easily doubles the threshold gain for lasing [7]. We will also present an alternative to the use of distributed Bragg reflectors as high-reflectivity mirrors, namely a TiO2/air high contrast gratings (HCGs). Fabricated HCGs of this type show a high reflectivity (>95%) over a 25 nm wavelength span, which is in excellent agreement to the reflectivity spectrum predicted by numerical simulations assuming an ideal HCG geometry [8]. References [1] T.-C. Lu, et al., Applied Physics Letters, 92, 14, (2008).[2] Y. Higuchi, et al., Applied physics express, 1, 12, 121102, (2008).[3] G. Cosendey, et al., Applied Physics Letters, 101, 15, (2012).[4] C. Holder, et al., Applied Physics Express, 5, 092104, (2012).[5] T. Onishi, et al., IEEE J. of Quantum Electronics, 48, 9,1107–1112, (2012).[6] W.-J. Liu, et al., Applied Physics Letters, 104, 251116 (2014).[7] E. Hashemi, et al., Optics Express, vol. 22 1, p. 411-426, (2014).[8] E. Hashemi, et al., Proceedings of SPIE, (0277-786X), vol. 9372 (2015).
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| 22. |
- Hashemi, Seyed Ehsan, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Air-suspended TiO2-based HCG reflectors for visible spectral range
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 9372
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For GaN-based microcavity light emitters, such as vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and resonant cavity light emitting diodes (RCLEDs) in the blue-green wavelength regime, achieving a high reflectivity wide bandwidth feedback mirror is truly challenging. The material properties of the III-nitride alloys are hardly compatible with the conventional distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) and the newly proposed high-contrast gratings (HCGs). Alternatively, at least for the top outcoupling mirror, dielectric materials offer more suitable material combinations not only for the DBRs but also for the HCGs. HCGs may offer advantages such as transverse mode and polarization control, a broader reflectivity spectrum than epitaxially grown DBRs, and the possibility to set the resonance wavelength after epitaxial growth by the grating parameters. In this work we have realized an air-suspended TiO2 grating with the help of a SiO2 sacrificial layer. The deposition processes for the dielectric layers were fine-tuned to minimize the residual stress. To achieve an accurate control of the grating duty cycle, a newly developed lift-off process, using hydrogen silesquioxan (HSQ) and sacrificial polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) resists, was applied to deposit the hard mask, providing sub-10 nm resolution. The finally obtained TiO2/air HCGs were characterized in a micro-reflectance measurement setup. A peak power reflectivity in excess of 95% was achieved for TM polarization at the center wavelength of 435 nm, with a reflectivity stopband width of about 80 nm (FWHM). The measured HCG reflectance spectra were compared to corresponding simulations obtained from rigorous coupled-wave analysis and very good agreement was found.
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| 23. |
- Hashemi, Seyed Ehsan, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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TiO2 membrane high-contrast grating reflectors for vertical-cavity light-emitters in the visible wavelength regime
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Nanotechnology and Microelectronics. - : American Vacuum Society. - 2166-2746 .- 2166-2754. ; 33:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2015 American Vacuum Society. In this work, the authors describe a novel route to achieve a high reflectivity, wide bandwidth feedback mirror for GaN-based vertical-cavity light emitters; using air-suspended high contrast gratings in TiO2, with SiO2 as a sacrificial layer. The TiO2 film deposition and the etching processes are developed to yield grating bars without bending, and with near-ideal rectangular cross-sections. Measured optical reflectivity spectra of the fabricated high contrast gratings show very good agreement with simulations, with a high reflectivity of >95% over a 25 nm wavelength span centered around 435 nm for the transverse-magnetic polarization.
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| 24. |
- Martin, Natalia Mihaela, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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A LEIS and in situ XAS study of supported Pd-Pt catalysts for CH4 oxidation
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is of vital importance to remove methane (CH4) from the exhausts of natural gas and biogas fueled engines as CH4 is a strong greenhouse gas. So far Pd-based catalysts have been used almost exclusively but their high sensitivity to sulfur and water pushes research to explore other materials. Among these are Pd-Pt catalysts [1-4], which exhibit a slight increase in CH4 oxidation activity with time and higher long-term stability than the Pd-only counterpart [5-7]. Still, however, little is known about the oxidation-reduction behaviour of the Pd-Pt nanoclusters and how this impacts the catalytic activity. This study aims at increase the understanding of the catalytic activity of Al2O3-supported Pd-Pt nanoclusters for low-temperature CH4 oxidation under transient, although generally lean, conditions.
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| 25. |
- Martin, Natalia Mihaela, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Surface Structure and Oxidation/Reduction Behaviour of Pd-Pt/Al2O3 Model Catalysts
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 120:49, s. 28009-28020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structural and morphological characterisation of bimetallic Pd-Pt/Al2O3 model cat- alysts are performed using X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, transmis- sion electron microscopy and CO chemisorption. Further, the catalysts were studied under oxidising and reducing conditions using both X-ray absorption spectroscopy and low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy. For the as-prepared catalysts, the existence of alloyed bimetallic Pd-Pt particles and of (tetragonal) PdO were found for the samples calcined at 800 C. PdO is present in form of crystals at the surface of the Pd-Pt par- ticles or as isolated PdO crystals on the support oxide. Bimetallic Pd-Pt nanoparticles were only formed on the Pd-Pt catalysts after calcination at 800 C. The results show that the Pd-Pt nanoparticles undergo reversible changes in surface structure composi- tion and chemical state in response to oxidising or reducing conditions. Under oxidising conditions Pd segregates to the shell and oxidises forming PdO, while under reducing conditions regions with metallic Pd and Pd-Pt alloys were observed at the surface. No bimetallic Pd-Pt nanoparticles were observed for the sample initially calcined at 500 C, but instead isolated monometallic particles, where small Pt particles are easily oxidised under O2 treatment. In the monometallic catalysts, the Pd is found to be com- pletely oxidised already after calcination and to consist of metallic Pd after reductive treatment.
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| 26. |
- Martin, Natalia Mihaela, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Study of methane oxidation over alumina supported Pd-Pt catalysts using operando DRIFTS/MS and in situ XAS techniques
- 2017
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Ingår i: Catalysis, Structure and Reactivity. - 2055-0758. ; 3:1-2, s. 24-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methane oxidation over Pd–Pt/Al2O3 model catalysts calcined at three different conditions is investigated using operando diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy while cycling the feed gas stoichiometry between lean (net-oxidising) and rich (net-reducing) conditions. When calcined in air, alloy Pd–Pt nanoparticles are present only on catalysts subjected to elevated temperature (800 ◦C) whereas calcination at lower temperature (500◦C) leads to segregated Pt and Pd nanoparticles on the support. Here, we show that the alloy Pd–Pt nanoparticles undergo reversible changes in surface structure and composition during transient methane oxidation exposing a PdO surface during lean conditions and a metallic Pd–Pt surface (Pd enriched) under rich conditions. Alloyed particles seem more active for methane oxidation than their monometallic counterparts and, furthermore, an increased activity for methane oxidation is clearly observed under lean conditions when PdO has developed on the surface, analogous to monometallic Pd catalysts. Upon introducing rich conditions, partial oxidation of methane dominates over total oxidation forming adsorbed carbonyls on the noble metal particles. The carbonyl spectra for the three samples show clear differences originating from different surfaces exposed by alloyed vs. non-alloyed particles. The kinetics of the noble metal oxidation and reduction processes as well as carbonyl formation during transient methane oxidation are discussed.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Mogorovich, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Radical Prostatectomy, Sparing of the Seminal Vesicles, and Painful Orgasm.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Sexual Medicine. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1743-6095 .- 1743-6109. ; 10:5, s. 1417-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Erectile dysfunction has been widely investigated as the major factor responsible for sexual bother in patients after radical prostatectomy (RP); painful orgasm (PO) is one element of this bother, but little is known about its prevalence and its effects on sexual health. AIM: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of PO and to identify potential risk factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A total of 1,411 consecutive patients underwent open (radical retropubic prostatectomy) or robot-assisted laparoscopic RP between 2002 and 2006. The patients were asked to complete a study-specific questionnaire. METHODS: Of a total of 145 questions, 5 dealt with the orgasmic characteristics. The questionnaire was also administered to a comparison group of 442 persons, matched for age and area of residency. RESULTS: The response rate was 91% (1,288 patients). A total of 143 (11%) patients reported PO. Among the 834 men being able to have an orgasm, the prevalence was 18% vs. 6% in the comparison group (relative risk [RR] 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-4.5). When analyzed as independent variables, bilateral seminal vesicle (SV)-sparing approach (RR 2.33, 95% CI 1.0-5.3, P = 0.045) and age
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| 29. |
- Schoultz, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Tissue specificity of oncogenic BRAF targeted to lung and thyroid through a shared lineage factor
- 2023
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Ingår i: ISCIENCE. - 2589-0042. ; 26:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cells of origin in cancer determine tumor phenotypes, but whether lineage-defining transcription factors might influence tissue specificity of tumorigenesis among organs with similar developmental traits are unknown. We demonstrate here that tumor development and progression markedly differ in lung and thyroid targeted by Braf mutation in Nkx2.1CreER(T2) mice heterozygous for Nkx2-1. In absence of tamoxifen, non-induced Nkx2.1CreER(T2);Braf(CA/+) mutants developed multiple full-blown lung adenocarcinomas with a latency of 1-3 months whereas thyroid tumors were rare and constrained, although minute Braf(CA) activation documented by variant allele sequencing was similar in both tissues. Induced oncogene activation accelerated neoplastic growth only in the lungs. By contrast, NKX2-1(+) progenitor cells were equally responsive to constitutive expression of mutant Braf during lung and thyroid development. Both lung and thyroid cells transiently downregulated NKX2-1 in early tumor stages. These results indicate that BRAF(V600E)-induced tumorigenesis obey organ-specific traits that might be differentially modified by a shared lineage factor.
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| 32. |
- Tyritzis, Stavros I, et al.
(författare)
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Thromboembolic complications in 3544 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy with or without lymph node dissection.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-5347 .- 1527-3792. ; 193:1, s. 117-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lymph node dissection (LND) in prostate cancer patients may increase complications. An association of LND with thromboembolic events has been suggested. We compared the incidence and investigated predictors of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) among other complications in patients undergoing or not undergoing LND during open (ORP) and robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) METHODS: 3544 patients were included between 2008-2011. The cohort derives from LAPPRO, a multi-center, prospective controlled trial. Data concerning adverse events were extracted from patient-completed questionnaires. Our primary outcome was prevalence of DVT and/or PE. Secondary outcomes were other types of 90-day adverse events and re-admission causes.
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| 33. |
- Wallerstedt, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Pad use and patient reported bother from urinary leakage after radical prostatectomy.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-5347 .- 1527-3792. ; 187:1, s. 196-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To better understand clinically significant definitions of urinary incontinence we investigated the relationship between urinary leakage and patient reported bother from urinary leakage.
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| 34. |
- Wallerstedt, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Patient and tumour-related factors for prediction of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2065 .- 0036-5599 .- 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; epub ahead
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to identify preoperative patient and tumour-related factors associated with 12 months postoperative urinary incontinence. Material and methods. In total, 1529 men who had undergone radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer between September 2008 and February 2010 at 15 Swedish hospitals completed a questionnaire before, 3 and 12 months after surgery. Urinary leakage, comorbidity and possible confounders were measured by self-administered validated questionnaires. Clinical data were collected preoperatively and postoperatively. The primary outcome, incontinence, was defined as the change of one pad or more per day. The ratio of proportions, estimated according to the log-binomial regression model, was analysed for 38 different factors and is presented as relative risks with 95% confidence intervals. Age-adjusted relative risk was calculated in the corresponding bivariate regression model. Results. Prospective data were available from 1360 men (response rate 89%). Results showed that age at surgery predicts long-term urinary incontinence exponentially. Patients reporting urinary leakage before prostate cancer diagnosis had an age-adjusted relative risk of 1.8 (95% confidence interval 1.3-2.4) for incontinence 12 months postoperatively. No statistically significant correlation was found between previous transurethral resection of the prostate, high body mass index or the other 34 evaluated factors and postoperative incontinence. Conclusions. Of 38 possible risk factors only age at surgery and preoperative urinary leakage were associated with 12 months postoperative incontinence in this study comprising 1360 men operated with radical prostatectomy. These findings may help the surgeon to have a targeted risk conversation with the patient before the treatment decision is made.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Wang, Xueting, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Copper-modified zeolites and silica for conversion of methane to methanol
- 2018
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Ingår i: Catalysts. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4344. ; 8:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Powder materials containing copper ions supported on ZSM-5 (Cu-Zeolite Socony Mobil-5) and SSZ-13 (Cu-Standard Oil synthesised zeolite-13), and predominantly CuO nanoparticles on amorphous SiO2 were synthesised, characterised, wash-coated onto ceramic monoliths and, for the first time, compared as catalysts for direct conversion of methane to methanol (DCMM) at ambient pressure (1 atm) using O2, N2 O and NO as oxidants. Methanol production was monitored and quantified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Methanol is formed over all monolith samples, though the formation is considerably higher for the copper-exchanged zeolites. Hence, copper ions are the main active sites for DCMM. The minor amount of methanol produced over the Cu/SiO2 sample, however, suggests that zeolites are not the sole substrate that can host those active copper sites but also silica. Further, we present the first ambient pressure in situ infrared spectroscopic measurements revealing the formation and consumption of surface methoxy species, which are considered to be key intermediates in the DCMM reaction.
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| 37. |
- Wang, Xueting, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Methanol Desorption From Cu-ZSM-5 Studied by In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy and First-Principles Calculations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 121:49, s. 27389-27398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dynamic interaction of methanol and its derivatives with Cu-exchanged ZSM- 5 during methanol temperature programmed desorption from 30 to 450 ◦C has been investigated using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and first-principles calculations. The results emphasize that defects in the framework structure of the zeolite and Brønsted acid sites constitute ion-exchange sites for Cu ions. The Cu sites introduced in ZSM-5 actively interact with methanol adsorbed at moderate temperature, i.e. below 250◦C, and take roles in further oxidation of the adsorbed species to formate and CO. Moreover, spectra recorded at higher temperatures, i.e. above 300◦C, after adsorption of methanol show strong interaction between methoxy groups and the zeolite framework, suggesting that under mild conditions proton extraction for methanol production during direct partial oxidation of methane to methanol over Cu-ZSM-5 is necessary.
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