| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(author)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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In: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Cai, Yanling, et al.
(author)
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Bacteria viability assessment after photocatalytic treatment
- 2014
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In: 3 Biotech. - : Springer. - 2190-5738 .- 2190-572X. ; 4:2, s. 149-157
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the present work was to evaluate several methods for analyzing the viability of bacteria after antibacterial photocatalytic treatment. Colony-forming unit (CFU) counting, metabolic activity assays based on resazurin and phenol red and the Live/Dead® BacLight™ bacterial viability assay (Live/Dead staining) were employed to assess photocatalytically treated Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus mutans. The results showed conformity between CFU counting and the metabolic activity assays, while Live/Dead staining showed a significantly higher viability post-treatment. This indicates that the Live/Dead staining test may not be suitable for assessing bacterial viability after photocatalytic treatment and that, in general, care should be taken when selecting a method for determining the viability of bacteria subjected to photocatalysis. The present findings are expected to become valuable for the development and evaluation of photocatalytically based disinfection applications
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Cai, Yanling, et al.
(author)
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Disinfection Kinetics and Contribution ofReactive Oxygen Species When EliminatingBacteria with TiO2 Induced Photocatalysis
- 2014
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In: Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2158-7027 .- 2158-7043. ; 5:3, s. 200-209
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Titania (TiO2) induced photocatalysis has been widely investigated and applied as a disinfectionstrategy in many industrial and clinical applications. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydroxylradicals (•OH), superoxide radicals ( •−2 O ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), generated in thephotocatalytic reaction process are considered to be the active components prompting the bactericidaleffect. In the present work, the kinetics of photocatalytic inactivation of Staphylococcus epidermidisand specific contributions of •OH, •−2 O and H2O2 to the bactericidal process were studiedusing two disinfection settings sutilizing photocatalytic resin-TiO2 nanocomposite surfacesand suspended TiO2 nanoparticles, respectively. In antibacterial tests against S. epidermidis with alayer of bacterial suspension on the resin-TiO2 surfaces, H2O2 was found to be the most efficientROS component contributing to the antibacterial effect. Disinfection kinetics showed a two-stepbehavior with an initial region having a lower disinfection rate followed by a higher rate regionafter 10 min of UV irradiation. By contrast, in antibacterial tests with suspended bacteria andphotocatalytic TiO2 nanoparticles, •OH and H2O2 showed equal significance in the bacterial inactivationhaving a typical Chick-Watson disinfection kinetics behavior with a steady disinfection rate.The results contribute to the understanding of the bactericidal mechanism and kinetics of photocatalyticdisinfection that are essential for designing specific antibacterial applications of photocatalyticmaterials.
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| 8. |
- Cai, Yanling, et al.
(author)
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Photocatalysis induces bioactivity of an organic polymer based material
- 2014
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In: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 4:101, s. 57715-57723
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several materials, like bioglasses, sintered hydroxyapatite and Ti metals and alloys, have the ability to bond to living bone in vivo, which is a desirable property of biomaterials called bioactivity. In this work, we present a novel strategy to develop bioactivity on the non-bioactive surface of a resin-TiO2 nanocomposite through photocatalysis. The results show that UV irradiation (365 nm, 10 mW cm(-2)) for 8 to 16 h on the resin-TiO2 nanocomposite immersed in water induces bioactivity as indicated by hydroxyapatite growth following immersion of the samples in Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline for 7 days at 37 degrees C. While a nonirradiated resin-TiO2 surface did not show any hydroxyapatite deposition, a surface after 16 h of UV irradiation was fully covered by hydroxyapatite. In vitro cell adhesion of osteoblast-like MG63 cells confirmed the biocompatibility and bioactivity of the resin-TiO2 surfaces with a hydroxyapatite deposition layer, while the non-irradiated resin-TiO2 surface showed no cell adhesion. Resin-TiO2 nanocomposites, with or without UV irradiation, proved to be nontoxic to two human cell lines, human dermal fibroblasts (hDF) and MG63 cells. It was also shown that an increased dose of UV irradiation decreased bacterial adhesion, which is an additional benefit of the UV treatment and a favourable property for biomedical applications. The combined benefits of biocompatibility, bioactivity, decreased bacterial adhesion and the highly efficient disinfection property of TiO2 photocatalysis under UV light make this resin-TiO2 material an interesting candidate for implant and biomedical device applications.
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| 9. |
- Cai, Yanling, et al.
(author)
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Photocatalytic Antibacterial Effects Are Maintained on Resin-Based TiO2 Nanocomposites after Cessation of UV Irradiation
- 2013
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:10, s. e75929-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Photocatalysis induced by TiO2 and UV light constitutes a decontamination and antibacterial strategy utilized in many applications including self-cleaning environmental surfaces, water and air treatment. The present work reveals that antibacterial effects induced by photocatalysis can be maintained even after the cessation of UV irradiation. We show that resin-based composites containing 20% TiO2 nanoparticles continue to provide a pronounced antibacterial effect against the pathogens Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis for up to two hours post UV. For biomaterials or implant coatings, where direct UV illumination is not feasible, a prolonged antibacterial effect after the cessation of the illumination would offer new unexplored treatment possibilities.
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| 10. |
- Cai, Yanling, et al.
(author)
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Photocatalytic inactivation of biofilms on bioactive dental adhesives
- 2014
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In: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B - Applied biomaterials. - : Wiley. - 1552-4973 .- 1552-4981. ; 102:1, s. 62-67
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biofilms are the most prevalent mode of microbial life in nature and are 10-1000 times more resistant to antibiotics than planktonic bacteria. Persistent biofilm growth associated at the margin of a dental restoration often leads to secondary caries, which remains a challenge in restorative dentistry. In this work, we present the first in vitro evaluation of on-demand photocatalytic inactivation of biofilm on a novel dental adhesive containing TiO2 nanoparticles. Streptococcus mutans biofilm was cultured on this photocatalytic surface for 16 h before photocatalytic treatment with ultraviolet-A (UV-A) light. UV-A doses ranging from 3 to 43 J/cm(2) were applied to the surface and the resulting viability of biofilms was evaluated with a metabolic activity assay incorporating phenol red that provided a quantitative measure of the reduction in viability due to the photocatalytic treatments. We show that an UV-A irradiation dose of 8.4 J/cm(2) leads to one order of magnitude reduction in the number of biofilm bacteria on the surface of the dental adhesives while as much as 5-6 orders of magnitude reduction in the corresponding number can be achieved with a dose of 43 J/cm(2). This material maintains its functional properties as an adhesive in restorative dentistry while offering the possibility of a novel dental procedure in the treatment or prevention of bacterial infections via on-demand UV-A irradiation. Similar materials could be developed for the treatment of additional indications such as peri-implantits.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Cai, Yanling
(author)
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Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis in Biomaterials Applications
- 2013
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Despite extensive preventative efforts, the problem of controlling infections associated with biomedical materials persists. Bacteria tend to colonize on biocompatible materials and form biofilms; thus, novel biomaterials with antibacterial properties are of great interest. In this thesis, titanium dioxide (TiO2)-associated photocatalysis under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was investigated as a strategy for developing bioactivity and antibacterial properties on biomaterials. Although much of the work was specifically directed towards dental materials, the results presented are applicable to a wide range of biomaterial applications.Most of the experimental work in the thesis was based on a resin-TiO2 nanocomposite that was prepared by adding 20 wt% TiO2 nanoparticles to a resin-based polymer material. Tests showed that the addition of the nanoparticles endowed the adhesive material with photocatalytic activity without affecting the functional bonding strength. Subsequent studies indicated a number of additional beneficial properties associated with the nanocomposite that appear promising for biomaterial applications. For example, irradiation with UV light induced bioactivity on the otherwise non-bioactive nanocomposite; this was indicated by hydroxyapatite formation on the surface following soaking in Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline. Under UV irradiation, the resin-TiO2 nanocomposite provided effective antibacterial action against both planktonic and biofilm bacteria. UV irradiation of the nanocomposite also provided a prolonged antibacterial effect that continued after removal of the UV light source. UV treatment also reduced bacterial adhesion to the resin-TiO2 surface.The mechanisms involved in the antibacterial effects of TiO2 photocatalysis were studied by investigating the specific contributions of the photocatalytic reaction products (the reactive oxygen species) and their disinfection kinetics. Methods of improving the viability analysis of bacteria subjected to photocatalysis were also developed.
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| 14. |
- Fu, Xi, et al.
(author)
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Continental-Scale Microbiome Study Reveals Different Environmental Characteristics Determining Microbial Richness, Composition, and Quantity in Hotel Rooms
- 2020
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In: mSystems. - : AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY. - 2379-5077. ; 5:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Culture-independent microbiome surveys have been conducted in homes, hospitals, schools, kindergartens and vehicles for public transport, revealing diverse microbial distributions in built environments. However, microbiome composition and the associated environmental characteristics have not been characterized in hotel environments. We presented here the first continental-scale microbiome study of hotel rooms (n = 68) spanning Asia and Europe. Bacterial and fungal communities were described by amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and quantitative PCR. Similar numbers of bacterial (4,344) and fungal (4,555) operational taxonomic units were identified in the same sequencing depth, but most fungal taxa showed a restricted distribution compared to bacterial taxa. Aerobic, ubiquitous bacteria dominated the hotel microbiome with compositional similarity to previous samples from building and human nasopharynx environments. The abundance of Aspergillus was negatively correlated with latitude and accounted for -80% of the total fungal load in seven low-latitude hotels. We calculated the association between hotel microbiome and 16 indoor and outdoor environmental characteristics. Fungal composition and absolute quantity showed concordant associations with the same environmental characteristics, including latitude, quality of the interior, proximity to the sea, and visible mold, while fungal richness was negatively associated with heavy traffic (95% confidence interval [CI] = -127.05 to -0.25) and wall-to-wall carpet (95% CI = -47.60 to -3.82). Bacterial compositional variation was associated with latitude, quality of the interior, and floor type, while bacterial richness was negatively associated with recent redecoration (95% CI -179.00 to -44.55) and mechanical ventilation (95% CI = -136.71 to -5.12). IMPORTANCE This is the first microbiome study to characterize the microbiome data and associated environmental characteristics in hotel environments. In this study, we found concordant variation between fungal compositional variation and absolute quantity and discordant variation between community variation/quantity and richness. Our study can be used to promote hotel hygiene standards and provide resource information for future microbiome and exposure studies associated with health effects in hotel rooms.
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| 15. |
- Granskog, Viktor, et al.
(author)
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Linear Dendritic Block Copolymers as Promising Biomaterials for the Manufacturing of Soft Tissue Adhesive Patches Using Visible Light Initiated Thiol-Ene Coupling Chemistry
- 2015
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In: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 25:42, s. 6596-6605
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A library of dendritic-linear-dendritic (DLD) materials comprising linear poly(ethylene glycol) and hyperbranched dendritic blocks based on 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid is successfully synthesized and post-functionalized with peripheral allyl groups. Reactive DLDs with pseudo-generations of 3 to 6 (G3-G6) are isolated in large scale allowing their thorough evaluation as important components for the development of biomedical adhesives. Due to their branched nature and inherent degradable ester-bonds, promising biomaterial resins are accomplished with suitable viscosity, eliminating the excessive use of co-solvents. By utilizing benign high-energy visible light initiated thiol-ene coupling chemistry, DLDs together with tris[2-(3-mercaptopropionyloxy) ethyl] isocyanurate and surgical mesh enable the fabrication of soft tissue adhesive patches (STAPs) within a total irradiation time of 30 s. The STAPs display the ability to create good adhesion to wet soft tissue and encouraging results in cytotoxicity tests. All crosslinked materials are also found to degrade after being stored in human blood plasma and phosphate buffered saline. The proposed benign methodology coupled with the promising features of the crosslinked materials is herein envisioned as a soft tissue adhesive with properties that do not exist in currently available tissue adhesives.
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| 16. |
- Li, Cuiyan, et al.
(author)
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Photocatalytic and antibacterial properties of Au-decorated Fe3O4@mTiO(2) core-shell microspheres
- 2014
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In: Applied Catalysis B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-3373 .- 1873-3883. ; 156, s. 314-322
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A facile approach for the fabrication of Au-decorated mesoporous Fe3O4@TiO2 (Fe3O4@mTiO(2)) core-shell microspheres is demonstrated. The protocol involved the coating of a successive layer of TiO2 onto a magnetic Fe3O4 core via a sol-gel process, followed by TiO2 crystallization and mesopore-formation by a hydrothermal treatment, and then the deposition of Au nanoparticles onto Fe3O4@mTiO(2) microspheres through an in situ reduction of perchloric acid. The mesoporous microspheres (Fe3O4@mTiO(2)) showed stronger magnetic properties than the dense sample (Fe3O4@TiO2) before the hydrothermal treatment. The size and loading amount of Au nanoparticles were controlled by the reduction temperature and concentration of Au salt, respectively. Compared to unmodified Fe3O4@mTiO(2) microspheres, Fe3O4@mTiO(2)@Au microspheres showed higher photocatalytic activity for organic degradation and antibacterial action in water. These core-shell Fe3O4@mTiO(2)@Au microspheres can serve as efficient and recyclable photocatalysts, which have promising applications in environmental treatment.
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| 17. |
- Li, Cuiyan, et al.
(author)
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Polyacrylamide-metal nanocomposites : one-pot synthesis, antibacterial properties, and thermal stability
- 2013
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In: Journal of nanoparticle research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1388-0764 .- 1572-896X. ; 15:9, s. UNSP 1922-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles into polymers is a hot research spot, since it endows the nanocomposites with new or improved properties by exploiting synergistic effects. Here we report a facile one-pot synthesis of polyacrylamide (PAM)-metal (M = Au, Ag, or Pd) nanocomposites in ethylene glycol (EG). The simultaneous polymerization of the acylamide (AM) monomer and formation of metal nanoparticles lead to a homogeneous distribution of metal nanoparticles in the PAM matrix. The sizes of Au, Ag, and Pd nanoparticles are 55.50 +/- 10.6, 14.15 +/- 2.57, and 7.74 +/- 1.82 nm, respectively. The reaction system only includes EG, AM monomer, and corresponding metal salt. EG acts as both the solvent and the reducing reagent. Also, no initiator for AM polymerization and no surfactant for stabilization of metal nanoparticles are used. Furthermore, this simple synthetic route does not rely on any special or expensive equipment, thus can be exploited to the synthesis of similar polymer-inorganic nanocomposites. Compared to PAM, the PAM-metal nanocomposites showed enhanced thermal stability and antibacterial properties.
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| 18. |
- Li, Yuanzi, et al.
(author)
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Optimization of the l-tyrosine metabolic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by analyzing p-coumaric acid production
- 2020
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In: 3 Biotech. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2190-572X .- 2190-5738. ; 10:6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, we applied a series of genetic modifications to wild-type S. cerevisiae strain BY4741 to address the bottlenecks in the l-tyrosine pathway. A tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) gene from Rhodobacter capsulatus, which can catalyze conversion of l-tyrosine into p-coumaric acid, was overexpressed to facilitate the analysis of l-tyrosine and test the strain's capability to synthesize heterologous derivatives. First, we enhanced the supply of precursors by overexpressing transaldolase gene TAL1, enolase II gene ENO2, and pentafunctional enzyme gene ARO1 resulting in a 1.55-fold increase in p-coumaric acid production. Second, feedback inhibition of 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase and chorismate mutase was relieved by overexpressing the mutated feedback-resistant ARO4(K229L) and ARO7(G141S), and a 3.61-fold improvement of p-coumaric acid production was obtained. Finally, formation of byproducts was decreased by deleting pyruvate decarboxylase gene PDC5 and phenylpyruvate decarboxylase gene ARO10, and p-coumaric acid production was increased 2.52-fold. The best producer-when TAL1, ENO2, ARO1, ARO4(K229L), ARO7(G141S), and TAL were overexpressed, and PDC5 and ARO10 were deleted-increased p-coumaric acid production by 14.08-fold (from 1.4 to 19.71 mg L-1). Our study provided a valuable insight into the optimization of l-tyrosine metabolic pathway.
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| 19. |
- Mongkhontreerat, Surinthra, et al.
(author)
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Beyond state of the art honeycomb membranes : High performance ordered arrays from multi-programmable linear-dendritic block copolymers
- 2015
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In: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 25:30
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new generation of honeycomb membranes is herein described from a novel library of multipurpose linear-dendritic block copolymers. These are accomplished by combining atom transfer radical polymerization together with dendrimer chemistry and click reactions. The resulted amorphous block copolymers, with T-g between 30 and 40 degrees C, display three important functions, i.e., pore generating aromatic groups, crosslinking azides, and multiple dendritic functional groups. All block copolymers enable the successful fabrication of honeycomb membranes through the facile breath figure method. The peripheral dendritic functionality is found to influence the porous morphologies from closed pored structure with pore size of 1.12 mu m(2) to open pore structure with pore size 10.26 mu m(2). Facile UV crosslinking of the azides yields membranes with highly durable structural integrity. Upon crosslinking, the pH and thermal stability are extended beyond the noncrosslinked membranes in which the porous integrity is maintained up to 400 degrees C and pH 1-14. Taking into account the straightforward and cost-efficient strategy to generate ordered, functional, and structurally stable honeycomb membranes on various solid substrates, it is apparent that these multipurpose block copolymers may unlock future applications including use as molds for soft lithography.
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| 20. |
- Mongkhontreerat, Surinthra, et al.
(author)
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Functional porous membranes from amorphous linear dendritic polyester hybrids
- 2015
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In: Polymer Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1759-9954 .- 1759-9962. ; 6:13, s. 2390-2395
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- By combining ATRP, dendrimer chemistry and 'click' reactions, a library of novel linear dendritic block copolymers (hybrids) was successfully synthesized. The isolated polymers displayed hydrophilic alkyne groups and T-g's ranging from 14 degrees C to 67 degrees C. A T-g threshold of 39 degrees C was found necessary for straightforward porous membrane fabrication via the breath figure method. Exploiting the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction, a robust and benign protocol was identified enabling surface functionalization under aqueous conditions. Such manipulations included the introduction of fluorescent rhodamine for thorough assessment by confocal fluorescence microscopy as well as polyethylene glycol chains or perfluorinated groups for tuning the membrane wettability. Finally, with the initial indication of being nontoxic to human dermal fibroblasts (hDF) and osteoblast-like MG63, the porous membranes can potentially find use in the field of controlled cell culture such as patterning of cell growth.
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| 21. |
- Olofsson, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Activated dopamine derivatives as primers for adhesive-patch fixation of bone fractures
- 2016
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In: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 6:31, s. 26398-26405
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For the stabilization of complex bone fractures, tissue adhesives are an attractive alternative to conventional implants, often consisting of metal plates and screws whose fixation may impose additional trauma on the already fractured bone. This study reports on the synthesis and evaluation of activated dopamine derivatives as primers for fiber-reinforced-adhesive patches in bone-fracture stabilization strategies. The performance of synthesized dopamine derivatives are evaluated with regard to the adhesive shear strength of formed bone patches, as well as cell viability and surface properties. Dopamine-derived primers with methacrylamide, allyl, and thiol functional groups were found to significantly increase the adhesive shear strength of adhesive patches. Furthermore, deprotonation of the primer solution was determined to be essential in order to achieve good adhesion. In conclusion, the primer solutions that were found to give the best adhesion were the once where dopa-thiol was used in combination with either dopamethacrylamide or dopa-allyl, resulting in shear bond strengths of 0.29 MPa.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Olsson, Johan V., et al.
(author)
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Reactive imidazole intermediates : simplified synthetic approach to functional aliphatic cyclic carbonates
- 2014
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In: Polymer Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1759-9954 .- 1759-9962. ; 5:23, s. 6651-6655
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reactive imidazole intermediates based on AB(2) and A(3) monomers, i.e. bis(methylol) propionic acid (bis-MPA) and trimethylolpropane (TMP) have successfully been synthesized and isolated on a 100 gram scale via a facile synthetic protocol using 1,1' -carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) as a key reagent. The robustness of the imidazole intermediates as bench stable precursors enabled the synthesis of a library of functional cyclic carbonates bearing relevant functionalities including hydrophilic PEGs, bioactive cholesterol and clickable groups. A number of functional polycarbonates were obtained by ring-opening polymerization, and their relevance in biomedical applications was highlighted by their low cytotoxicity on human dermal fibroblasts (hDF).
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Unosson, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Antibacterial Properties of Dental Luting Agents : Potential to Hinder the Development of Secondary Caries
- 2012
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In: International Journal of Dentistry. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1687-8736 .- 1687-8728. ; 2012, s. 529495-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A modified direct contact test was used to evaluate the antibacterial properties of four commercially available dental luting agents (RelyX Unicem, Ketac Cem, Ceramir Crown & Bridge and Harvard Cement) and two reference materials (glass-ionomer cement and calcium aluminate cement) compared to a negative-control material (PMMA). Streptococcus mutans bacteria were placed in direct contact with specimens that had been aged for 10 min, 1 day, and 7 days, in order to test the antibacterial properties of the materials. A metabolic assay containing resazurin was used to quantify the amount of viable bacteria remaining after the direct contact tests. The effects of pH and fluoride on bacteria proliferation were also evaluated. Strongest antibacterial properties were found for calcium aluminate cement, followed by Ceramir Crown & Bridge and RelyX Unicem. Ketac Cem, Harvard Cement, and the reference glass-ionomer cement showed bacteria content either higher than or not significantly different from the PMMA control in all instances. pH levels below 6.3 and above 9.0 were found to have negative effects on bacterial proliferation. No correlation between either acidic materials or fluoride release and antibacterial properties could be seen; rather, basic materials showed stronger antibacterial properties.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Welch, Ken, et al.
(author)
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Dental adhesives with bioactive and on-demand bactericidal properties
- 2010
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In: Dental Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0109-5641 .- 1879-0097. ; 26:5, s. 491-499
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of the present work was to perform the first in vitro evaluation of a new interfacial bond-promoting material-and-method concept for on-demand long term bacteria inhibition in dental restoration procedures. Methods: The bioactivity, mechanical bonding strength and photocatalytic bactericidal properties, induced by low dose ultraviolet-A (UV-A) irradiation of dental adhesives containing crystalline titania nanoparticles (NPs), were analyzed. Results: Dental adhesives with a NP content of 20 wt% were shown to be bioactive in terms of spontaneous hydroxylapatite formation upon storage in simulated body fluid and the bioactivity was found to be promoted by chemical etching of the adhesives. The mechanical bonding strength between the adhesives and a HA tooth model was shown to be unaffected by the NPs up to a NP content of 30 wt%. Elimination of Staphylococcus epidermidis in contact with the adhesives was found to depend both on UV photocatalytic irradiation intensity and time. Efficient elimination of the bacteria could be achieved using a UV-A dose of 4.5 J/cm2 which is about 6 times below the safe maximum UV dose according to industry guidelines, and 20 times below the average UV-A dose received during an ordinary sun bed session. Significance: The combined features of bioactivity and on-demand bactericidal effect should open up the potential to create dental adhesives that reduce the incidence of secondary caries and promote closure of gaps forming at the interface towards the tooth via remineralization of adjacent tooth substance, as well as prevention of bacterial infections via on-demand UV-A irradiation.
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| 28. |
- Wen, Wanqing, et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide association studies in East Asians identify new loci for waist-hip ratio and waist circumference
- 2016
-
In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sixty genetic loci associated with abdominal obesity, measured by waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR), have been previously identified, primarily from studies conducted in Europeanancestry populations. We conducted a meta-analysis of associations of abdominal obesity with approximately 2.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among 53,052 (for WC) and 48,312 (for WHR) individuals of Asian descent, and replicated 33 selected SNPs among 3,762 to 17,110 additional individuals. We identified four novel loci near the EFEMP1, ADAMTSL3, CNPY2, and GNAS genes that were associated with WC after adjustment for body mass index (BMI); two loci near the NID2 and HLA-DRB5 genes associated with WHR after adjustment for BMI, and three loci near the CEP120, TSC22D2, and SLC22A2 genes associated with WC without adjustment for BMI. Functional enrichment analyses revealed enrichment of corticotropin-releasing hormone signaling, GNRH signaling, and/or CDK5 signaling pathways for those newly-identified loci. Our study provides additional insight on genetic contribution to abdominal obesity.
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| 29. |
- Wu, Di, et al.
(author)
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Profiling surface proteins on individual exosomes using a proximity barcoding assay
- 2019
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Exosomes have been implicated in numerous biological processes, and they may serve as important disease markers. Surface proteins on exosomes carry information about their tissues of origin. Because of the heterogeneity of exosomes it is desirable to investigate them individually, but this has so far remained impractical. Here, we demonstrate a proximity-dependent barcoding assay to profile surface proteins of individual exosomes using antibody-DNA conjugates and next-generation sequencing. We first validate the method using artificial streptavidin-oligonucleotide complexes, followed by analysis of the variable composition of surface proteins on individual exosomes, derived from human body fluids or cell culture media. Exosomes from different sources are characterized by the presence of specific combinations of surface proteins and their abundance, allowing exosomes to be separately quantified in mixed samples to serve as markers for tissue-specific engagement in disease.
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| 30. |
- Xia, Wei, et al.
(author)
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Mesoporous titanium dioxide coating for metallic implants
- 2012
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In: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B - Applied biomaterials. - : Wiley. - 1552-4973 .- 1552-4981. ; 100B:1, s. 82-93
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A bioactive mesoporous titanium dioxide (MT) coating for surface drug delivery has been investigated to develop a multifunctional implant coating, offering quick bone bonding and biological stability. An evaporation induced self-assembly (EISA) method was used to prepare a mesoporous titanium dioxide coating of the anatase phase with BET surface area of 172 m2/g and average pore diameter of 4.3 nm. Adhesion tests using the scratch method and an in situ screw-in/screw-out technique confirm that the MT coating bonds tightly with the metallic substrate, even after removal from bone. Because of its high surface area, the bioactivity of the MT coating is much better than that of a dense TiO2 coating of the same composition. Quick formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) in vitro can be related to enhance bonding with bone. The uptake of antibiotics by the MT coating reached 13.4 mg/cm3 within a 24 h loading process. A sustained release behavior has been obtained with a weak initial burst. By using Cephalothin as a model drug, drug loaded MT coating exhibits a sufficient antibacterial effect on the material surface, and within millimeters from material surface, against E.coli. Additionally, the coated and drug loaded surfaces showed no cytotoxic effect on cell cultures of the osteoblastic cell line MG-63. In conclusion, this study describes a novel, biocompatiblemesoporous implant coating, which has the ability to induce HA formation and could be used as a surface drug-delivery system.
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| 31. |
- Yang, Haibo, et al.
(author)
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Coupling Downscaling and Calibrating Methods for Generating High-Quality Precipitation Data with Multisource Satellite Data in the Yellow River Basin
- 2024
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In: Remote Sensing. - 2072-4292. ; 16:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Remote sensing precipitation data have the characteristics of wide coverage and revealing spatiotemporal information, but their spatial resolution is low. The accuracy of the data is obviously different in different study areas and hydrometeorological conditions. This study evaluated four precipitation products in the Yellow River basin from 2001 to 2019, constructed the optimal combined product, conducted downscaling with various machine algorithms, and performed corrections using meteorological station precipitation data to analyze the spatiotemporal trends of precipitation. The results showed that (1) GPM and MSWEP had the best four evaluation indicators, with R2 values of 0.93 and 0.90, respectively, and the smallest FSE and RMSE, with a BIAS close to 0. A high-precision mixed precipitation dataset, GPM-MSWEP, was constructed. (2) Among the three methods, the downscaling results of DFNN showed higher accuracy. (3) The results, after correction with GWR, could more effectively enhance the accuracy of the data. (4) Precipitation in the Yellow River Basin showed a decreasing trend in January, September, and December, while it exhibited an increasing trend in other months and seasons, with 2002 and 2016 being points of abrupt change. This study provides a reference for the production of high-precision satellite precipitation products in the Yellow River basin.
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