| 1. |
- Marto, João Pedro, et al.
(författare)
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Safety and Outcome of Revascularization Treatment in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and COVID-19: The Global COVID-19 Stroke Registry.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Neurology. - 1526-632X. ; 100:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- COVID-19-related inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulopathy may increase the bleeding risk and lower the efficacy of revascularization treatments in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We aimed to evaluate the safety and outcomes of revascularization treatments in patients with AIS and COVID-19.This was a retrospective multicenter cohort study of consecutive patients with AIS receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or endovascular treatment (EVT) between March 2020 and June 2021 tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. With a doubly robust model combining propensity score weighting and multivariate regression, we studied the association of COVID-19 with intracranial bleeding complications and clinical outcomes. Subgroup analyses were performed according to treatment groups (IVT-only and EVT).Of a total of 15,128 included patients from 105 centers, 853 (5.6%) were diagnosed with COVID-19; of those, 5,848 (38.7%) patients received IVT-only and 9,280 (61.3%) EVT (with or without IVT). Patients with COVID-19 had a higher rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) (adjusted OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.16-2.01), symptomatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SSAH) (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.20-2.69), SICH and/or SSAH combined (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.23-1.99), 24-hour mortality (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.58-3.86), and 3-month mortality (OR 1.88; 95% CI 1.52-2.33). Patients with COVID-19 also had an unfavorable shift in the distribution of the modified Rankin score at 3 months (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.26-1.60).Patients with AIS and COVID-19 showed higher rates of intracranial bleeding complications and worse clinical outcomes after revascularization treatments than contemporaneous non-COVID-19 patients receiving treatment. Current available data do not allow direct conclusions to be drawn on the effectiveness of revascularization treatments in patients with COVID-19 or to establish different treatment recommendations in this subgroup of patients with ischemic stroke. Our findings can be taken into consideration for treatment decisions, patient monitoring, and establishing prognosis.The study was registered under ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04895462.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ashrafian, Hutan, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolomics : The Stethoscope for the Twenty-First Century
- 2021
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Ingår i: Medical principles and practice. - : S. Karger. - 1011-7571 .- 1423-0151. ; 30:4, s. 301-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metabolomics encompasses the systematic identification and quantification of all metabolic products in the human body. This field could provide clinicians with novel sets of diagnostic biomarkers for disease states in addition to quantifying treatment response to medications at an individualized level. This literature review aims to highlight the technology underpinning metabolic profiling, identify potential applications of metabolomics in clinical practice, and discuss the translational challenges that the field faces. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE for primary and secondary research articles regarding clinical applications of metabolomics. Metabolic profiling can be performed using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance-based techniques using a variety of biological samples. This is carried out in vivo or in vitro following careful sample collection, preparation, and analysis. The potential clinical applications constitute disruptive innovations in their respective specialities, particularly oncology and metabolic medicine. Outstanding issues currently preventing widespread clinical use are scalability of data interpretation, standardization of sample handling practice, and e-infrastructure. Routine utilization of metabolomics at a patient and population level will constitute an integral part of future healthcare provision.
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| 4. |
- Barbaud, Annick, et al.
(författare)
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Allergies and COVID-19 vaccines : An ENDA/EAACI Position paper
- 2022
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 77:8, s. 2292-2312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Anaphylaxis, which is rare, has been reported after COVID-19 vaccination, but its management is not standardized.Method Members of the European Network for Drug Allergy and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology interested in drug allergy participated in an online questionnaire on pre-vaccination screening and management of allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccines, and literature was analysed.Results No death due to anaphylaxis to COVID-19 vaccines has been confirmed in scientific literature. Potential allergens, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polysorbate and tromethamine are excipients. The authors propose allergy evaluation of persons with the following histories: 1-anaphylaxis to injectable drug or vaccine containing PEG or derivatives; 2-anaphylaxis to oral/topical PEG containing products; 3-recurrent anaphylaxis of unknown cause; 4-suspected or confirmed allergy to any mRNA vaccine; and 5-confirmed allergy to PEG or derivatives. We recommend a prick-to-prick skin test with the left-over solution in the suspected vaccine vial to avoid waste. Prick test panel should include PEG 4000 or 3500, PEG 2000 and polysorbate 80. The value of in vitro test is arguable.Conclusions These recommendations will lead to a better knowledge of the management and mechanisms involved in anaphylaxis to COVID-19 vaccines and enable more people with history of allergy to be vaccinated.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Fredriksson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Secondhand Index and the Spirit of Green Vintage Fashion
- 2018
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Ingår i: Vintage Luxury Fashion : Exploring the Rise of the Secondhand Clothing Trade - Exploring the Rise of the Secondhand Clothing Trade. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319719849 - 9783319719856 ; , s. 133-152
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter analyses how secondhand consumption and vintage fashion retailers are incorporated into Swedish urban life and the retail planning context. The chapter is part of an ongoing research project, studying retail planning and vintage fashion consumption practices. Key concepts when discussing retail and localization are attractiveness and accessibility. Cities are often characterised by their unique qualities and the spirit of creativity. In the “experience society”, retail and (fashion) consumption are regarded as everyday activities for identity development and communication. Goods/services have become value-creating components of a hedonistic fashion consumption culture that is characterised by an increasingly more knowledgeable and demanding fashion consumer. Secondhand and vintage fashion represents an economic grey area and an important part of the informal economy. The existence of both types of retailer within an urban space can communicate specific values and imagery. Stores, which sell pre-owned goods and dedicate themselves to re-use and charity, have their own specific historiography. In the Western welfare context, however, re-use and secondhand goods obtain a specific significance via the fashion transformation of the pre-owned, which took place during the post-war era. In place development and retail planning, there is trust in the potential of fashion, sustainability and creativity. This finds specific expression when it comes to the production of urban fashion retail space. This chapter sheds light on the complex relationship between retail planning and the production of green vintage fashion space. By identifying how some Swedish secondhand and vintage fashion markets are organised, the study contributes to an understanding of the conditions under which secondhand and vintage fashion markets operate.
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| 7. |
- Gomez-Blanco, J., et al.
(författare)
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Using Scipion for stream image processing at Cryo-EM facilities
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Structural Biology. - : ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE. - 1047-8477 .- 1095-8657. ; 204:3, s. 457-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three dimensional electron microscopy is becoming a very data-intensive field in which vast amounts of experimental images are acquired at high speed. To manage such large-scale projects, we had previously developed a modular workflow system called Scipion (de la Rosa-Trevfn et al., 2016). We present here a major extension of Scipion that allows processing of EM images while the data is being acquired. This approach helps to detect problems at early stages, saves computing time and provides users with a detailed evaluation of the data quality before the acquisition is finished. At present, Scipion has been deployed and is in production mode in seven Cryo-EM facilities throughout the world.
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| 8. |
- Hilbert, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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Cortical and Subcortical Brain Alterations in Specific Phobia and Its Animal and Blood-Injection-Injury Subtypes: A Mega-Analysis From the ENIGMA Anxiety Working Group.
- 2024
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Ingår i: The American Journal of Psychiatry. - 1535-7228. ; 181:8, s. 728-740
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Specific phobia is a common anxiety disorder, but the literature on associated brain structure alterations exhibits substantial gaps. The ENIGMA Anxiety Working Group examined brain structure differences between individuals with specific phobias and healthy control subjects as well as between the animal and blood-injection-injury (BII) subtypes of specific phobia. Additionally, the authors investigated associations of brain structure with symptom severity and age (youths vs. adults).Data sets from 31 original studies were combined to create a final sample with 1,452 participants with phobia and 2,991 healthy participants (62.7% female; ages 5-90). Imaging processing and quality control were performed using established ENIGMA protocols. Subcortical volumes as well as cortical surface area and thickness were examined in a preregistered analysis.Compared with the healthy control group, the phobia group showed mostly smaller subcortical volumes, mixed surface differences, and larger cortical thickness across a substantial number of regions. The phobia subgroups also showed differences, including, as hypothesized, larger medial orbitofrontal cortex thickness in BII phobia (N=182) compared with animal phobia (N=739). All findings were driven by adult participants; no significant results were observed in children and adolescents.Brain alterations associated with specific phobia exceeded those of other anxiety disorders in comparable analyses in extent and effect size and were not limited to reductions in brain structure. Moreover, phenomenological differences between phobia subgroups were reflected in diverging neural underpinnings, including brain areas related to fear processing and higher cognitive processes. The findings implicate brain structure alterations in specific phobia, although subcortical alterations in particular may also relate to broader internalizing psychopathology.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 11. |
- Leal-Cidoncha, E., et al.
(författare)
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Fission Fragment Angular Distribution measurements of 235U and 238U at CERN n_TOF facility
- 2016
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Ingår i: EPJ Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences. - 2100-014X.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neutron-induced fission cross sections of U-238 and U-235 are used as standards in the fast neutron region up to 200 MeV. A high accuracy of the standards is relevant to experimentally determine other neutron reaction cross sections. Therefore, the detection efficiency should be corrected by using the angular distribution of the fission fragments (FFAD), which are barely known above 20 MeV. In addition, the angular distribution of the fragments produced in the fission of highly excited and deformed nuclei is an important observable to investigate the nuclear fission process. In order to measure the FFAD of neutron-induced reactions, a fission detection setup based on parallel-plate avalanche counters (PPACs) has been developed and successfully used at the CERN-n_TOF facility. In this work, we present the preliminary results on the analysis of new U-235(n,f) and U-238(n,f) data in the extended energy range up to 200 MeV compared to the existing experimental data.
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| 12. |
- Praena, J., et al.
(författare)
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Preparation and characterization of 33S samples for 33S(n,alpha)30Si cross-section measurements at the n_TOF facility at CERN
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 890, s. 142-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin 33S samples for the study of the 33S(n,alpha)30Si cross-section at the n_TOF facility at CERN were made by thermal evaporation of 33S powder onto a dedicated substrate made of kapton covered with thin layers of copper, chromium and titanium. This method has provided for the first time bare sulfur samples a few centimeters in diameter. The samples have shown an excellent adherence with no mass loss after few years and no sublimation in vacuum at room temperature. The determination of the mass thickness of 33S has been performed by means of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The samples have been successfully tested under neutron irradiation.
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| 13. |
- Stephens, Lucas, et al.
(författare)
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Archaeological assessment reveals Earth’s early transformation through land use
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 365:6456, s. 897-902
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans began to leave lasting impacts on Earth’s surface starting 10,000 to 8000 years ago. Through a synthetic collaboration with archaeologists around the globe, Stephens et al. compiled a comprehensive picture of the trajectory of human land use worldwide during the Holocene (see the Perspective by Roberts). Hunter-gatherers, farmers, and pastoralists transformed the face of Earth earlier and to a greater extent than has been widely appreciated, a transformation that was essentially global by 3000 years before the present.Science, this issue p. 897; see also p. 865Environmentally transformative human use of land accelerated with the emergence of agriculture, but the extent, trajectory, and implications of these early changes are not well understood. An empirical global assessment of land use from 10,000 years before the present (yr B.P.) to 1850 CE reveals a planet largely transformed by hunter-gatherers, farmers, and pastoralists by 3000 years ago, considerably earlier than the dates in the land-use reconstructions commonly used by Earth scientists. Synthesis of knowledge contributed by more than 250 archaeologists highlighted gaps in archaeological expertise and data quality, which peaked for 2000 yr B.P. and in traditionally studied and wealthier regions. Archaeological reconstruction of global land-use history illuminates the deep roots of Earth’s transformation and challenges the emerging Anthropocene paradigm that large-scale anthropogenic global environmental change is mostly a recent phenomenon.
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| 14. |
- Takamiya, Akihiro, et al.
(författare)
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Neural Substrates of Psychotic Depression : Findings From the Global ECT-MRI Research Collaboration
- 2022
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Ingår i: Schizophrenia Bulletin. - : Oxford University Press. - 0586-7614 .- 1745-1701. ; 48:2, s. 514-523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychotic major depression (PMD) is hypothesized to be a distinct clinical entity from nonpsychotic major depression (NPMD). However, neurobiological evidence supporting this notion is scarce. The aim of this study is to identify gray matter volume (GMV) differences between PMD and NPMD and their longitudinal change following electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 8 independent sites in the Global ECT-MRI Research Collaboration (GEMRIC) database (n = 108; 56 PMD and 52 NPMD; mean age 71.7 in PMD and 70.2 in NPMD) were analyzed. All participants underwent MRI before and after ECT. First, cross-sectional whole-brain voxel-wise GMV comparisons between PMD and NPMD were conducted at both time points. Second, in a flexible factorial model, a main effect of time and a group-by-time interaction were examined to identify longitudinal effects of ECT on GMV and longitudinal differential effects of ECT between PMD and NPMD, respectively. Compared with NPMD, PMD showed lower GMV in the prefrontal, temporal and parietal cortex before ECT; PMD showed lower GMV in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) after ECT. Although there was a significant main effect of time on GMV in several brain regions in both PMD and NPMD, there was no significant group-by-time interaction. Lower GMV in the MPFC was consistently identified in PMD, suggesting this may be a trait-like neural substrate of PMD. Longitudinal effect of ECT on GMV may not explain superior ECT response in PMD, and further investigation is needed.
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| 15. |
- Telloni, Daniele, et al.
(författare)
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Linking Small-scale Solar Wind Properties with Large-scale Coronal Source Regions through Joint Parker Solar Probe-Metis/Solar Orbiter Observations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 935:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The solar wind measured in situ by Parker Solar Probe in the very inner heliosphere is studied in combination with the remote-sensing observation of the coronal source region provided by the METIS coronagraph aboard Solar Orbiter. The coronal outflows observed near the ecliptic by Metis on 2021 January 17 at 16:30 UT, between 3.5 and 6.3 R (circle dot) above the eastern solar limb, can be associated with the streams sampled by PSP at 0.11 and 0.26 au from the Sun, in two time intervals almost 5 days apart. The two plasma flows come from two distinct source regions, characterized by different magnetic field polarity and intensity at the coronal base. It follows that both the global and local properties of the two streams are different. Specifically, the solar wind emanating from the stronger magnetic field region has a lower bulk flux density, as expected, and is in a state of well-developed Alfvenic turbulence, with low intermittency. This is interpreted in terms of slab turbulence in the context of nearly incompressible magnetohydrodynamics. Conversely, the highly intermittent and poorly developed turbulent behavior of the solar wind from the weaker magnetic field region is presumably due to large magnetic deflections most likely attributed to the presence of switchbacks of interchange reconnection origin.
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| 16. |
- Valle-Leon, Marta, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased striatal adenosine A2A-dopamine D2 receptor heteromerization in schizophrenia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Springer Nature. - 0893-133X .- 1740-634X. ; 46, s. 665-672
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the adenosine hypothesis of schizophrenia, the classically associated hyperdopaminergic state may be secondary to a loss of function of the adenosinergic system. Such a hypoadenosinergic state might either be due to a reduction of the extracellular levels of adenosine or alterations in the density of adenosine A(2A)receptors (A(2A)Rs) or their degree of functional heteromerization with dopamine D(2)receptors (D2R). In the present study, we provide preclinical and clinical evidences for this latter mechanism. Two animal models for the study of schizophrenia endophenotypes, namely the phencyclidine (PCP) mouse model and the A(2A)R knockout mice, were used to establish correlations between behavioural and molecular studies. In addition, a new AlphaLISA-based method was implemented to detect native A(2A)R-D2R heteromers in mouse and human brain. First, we observed a reduction of prepulse inhibition in A(2A)R knockout mice, similar to that observed in the PCP animal model of sensory gating impairment of schizophrenia, as well as a significant upregulation of striatal D2R without changes in A(2A)R expression in PCP-treated animals. In addition, PCP-treated animals showed a significant reduction of striatal A(2A)R-D2R heteromers, as demonstrated by the AlphaLISA-based method. A significant and pronounced reduction of A(2A)R-D2R heteromers was next demonstrated in postmortem caudate nucleus from schizophrenic subjects, even though both D2R and A(2A)R were upregulated. Finally, in PCP-treated animals, sub-chronic administration of haloperidol or clozapine counteracted the reduction of striatal A(2A)R-D2R heteromers. The degree of A(2A)R-D2R heteromer formation in schizophrenia might constitute a hallmark of the illness, which indeed should be further studied to establish possible correlations with chronic antipsychotic treatments.
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