| 1. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten : Resurs- och miljööversikt 2012
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta är den nionde utgåvan av den samlade översikten över fisk- och kräftdjursbeståndens status i våra vatten. Kunskap om fiskbestånden och miljön är en förutsättning för att utnyttjandet av fiskresurserna skall bli bärkraftigt. För svenska vattenområden beskrivs miljöutvecklingen i ett ekosystemsperspektiv, dels för att tydliggöra fiskens ekologiska roll och beskriva yttre miljöfaktorer som påverkar fiskbestånden, dels för att belysa fiskets effekter på miljön.Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten är utarbetad av Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), Institutionen för akvatiska resurser (SLU Aqua), på uppdrag av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten. Rapporten sammanfattar utveckling och beståndsstatus för de kommersiellt viktigaste fisk- och kräftdjursarterna i våra vatten. Bedömningar och förvaltningsråd är baserade på Internationella Havsforskningsrådets (ICES) rådgivning, SLU Aquas nationella och regionala provfiskedata, samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.
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| 2. |
- Bartolino, Valerio, et al.
(författare)
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Forecasting fish stock dynamics under climate change: Baltic herring (Clupea harengus) as a case study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Fisheries Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 1054-6006 .- 1365-2419. ; 23:3, s. 258-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change and anthropogenic disturbances may affect marine populations and ecosystems through multiple pathways. In this study we present a framework in which we integrate existing models and knowledge on basic regulatory processes to investigate the potential impact of future scenarios of fisheries exploitation and climate change on the temporal dynamics of the central Baltic herring stock. Alternative scenarios of increasing sea surface temperature and decreasing salinity of the Baltic Sea from a global climate model were combined with two alternative fishing scenarios, and their direct and ecosystem-mediated effects (i.e., through predation by cod and competition with sprat) on the herring population were evaluated for the period 2010-2050. Gradual increase in temperature has a positive impact on the long-term productivity of the herring stock, but it has the potential to enhance the recovery of the herring stock only in combination with sustainable fisheries management (i.e., F-msy). Conversely, projections of herring spawning stock biomass (SSB) were generally low under elevated fishing mortality levels (F-high), comparable with those experienced by the stock during the 1990s. Under the combined effects of long-term warming and high fishing mortality uncertainty in herring SSB projections was higher and increasing for the duration of the forecasts, suggesting a synergistic effect of fishery exploitation and climate forcing on fish populations dynamics. Our study shows that simulations of long-term fish dynamics can be an informative tool to derive expectations of the potential long-term impact of alternative future scenarios of exploitation and climate change.
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| 3. |
- Bartolino, Valerio, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Historical spatiotemporal dynamics of eastern North Sea cod
- 2012
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. - : Canadian Science Publishing. - 0706-652X .- 1205-7533. ; 69:5, s. 833-841
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent analyses of historical data of fish abundance and distribution have shown the importance of a long temporal perspective in the evaluation of the current status of fish populations, but pose numerous difficulties such as fragmentation and inhomogeneities in the amount of available information in space and time. Using mixed-effects models in a multiscale analysis, we identified an appropriate spatiotemporal scale of investigation of a high-quality, spatially explicit historical data set, and we reconstructed the long-term spatial dynamics of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Kattegat– Skagerrak along the 20th century. We identified a northern and southern main aggregation of adult cod in the study area, corresponding to the Skagerrak portion of the North Sea and the Kattegat cod stocks, respectively. The stocks showed specificities in their spatial dynamics, but common extensive loss of coastal aggregations during the last decades when only 13% (Kattegat) and 35% (Skagerrak) of the estimated early century cod biomass was left. Our reconstruction showed that the collapse of the cod stocks in the area followed the peak in landings in the 1960s–1970s, suggesting that the postwar development of the industrial fisheries played a major role in the decrease of local abundances and disappearance of local adult cod aggregations.
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| 4. |
- Bartolino, Valerio, et al.
(författare)
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Sidney Holt, a giant in the history of fisheries science who focused on the future: his legacy and challenges for present-day marine scientists
- 2021
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Ingår i: ICES Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; 78, s. 2182-2192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sidney J. Holt (1926-2019) was more than a founding father of quantitative fisheries science, and the man who "helped save the great whales." His accomplishments, over a career spanning seven decades, run deeper: he was a champion of reductionism (i.e. able to identify the factors essential for management) and a systemic thinker who inspired scientists to think critically about marine conservation and management. This article draws on first-hand experiences with Sidney over the last 15years, when he regularly collaborated with scholars of the ICES Working Group on the History of Fish and Fisheries and the Oceans Past Initiative. Four main themes emerged from our reflections on Sidney's life and legacy, which constitute ongoing scientific challenges: (1) the suitability of maximum sustainable yield as a target reference point for fisheries management; (2) the future of marine mammal conservation; (3) successful implementation of ecosystem-based marine management; and (4) the value of historical perspectives for conservation and management. We consider Sidney's work across these themes, in which he readily collaborated, focused on evidence-based solutions, and, where evidence was lacking, he advocated for the "precautionary principle." We posit there is much that we, and future generations of scientists, can learn from his example.
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| 5. |
- Bartolino, Valerio, et al.
(författare)
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Spatio-temporal dynamics of a fish predator: Density-dependent and hydrographic effects on Baltic Sea cod population
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the mechanisms of spatial population dynamics is crucial for the successful management of exploited species and ecosystems. However, the underlying mechanisms of spatial distribution are generally complex due to the concurrent forcing of both density-dependent species interactions and density-independent environmental factors. Despite the high economic value and central ecological importance of cod in the Baltic Sea, the drivers of its spatio-temporal population dynamics have not been analytically investigated so far. In this paper, we used an extensive trawl survey dataset in combination with environmental data to investigate the spatial dynamics of the distribution of the Eastern Baltic cod during the past three decades using Generalized Additive Models. The results showed that adult cod distribution was mainly affected by cod population size, and to a minor degree by small-scale hydrological factors and the extent of suitable reproductive areas. As population size decreases, the cod population concentrates to the southern part of the Baltic Sea, where the preferred more marine environment conditions are encountered. Using the fitted models, we predicted the Baltic cod distribution back to the 1970s and a temporal index of cod spatial occupation was developed. Our study will contribute to the management and conservation of this important resource and of the ecosystem where it occurs, by showing the forces shaping its spatial distribution and therefore the potential response of the population to future exploitation and environmental changes.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Beggs, S. E., et al.
(författare)
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Linking cod (Gadus morhua) and climate: investigating variability in Irish Sea cod recruitment
- 2014
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Ingår i: Fisheries Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 1054-6006 .- 1365-2419. ; 23:1, s. 54-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How climatic variability and anthropogenic pressures interact to influence recruitment is a key factor in achieving sustainable resource management. However, the combined effects of these pressures can make it difficult to detect non-stationary interactions or shifts in the relationships with recruitment. Here we examine the links between climate and Irish Sea cod recruitment during a period of declining spawning stock biomass (SSB). Specifically, we test for a shift in the relationship between recruitment, SSB and climate by comparing an additive (generalized additive model, GAM) and non-additive threshold model (TGAM). The relationship between recruitment success, SSB and the climatic driver, sea surface temperature, was best described by the TGAM, with a threshold identified between recruitment and SSB at approximately 7900t. The analysis suggests a threshold shift in the relationship between recruitment and SSB in Irish Sea cod, with cod recruitment being more sensitive to climatic variability during the recent low SSB regime.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Bergenius Nord, Mikaela, et al.
(författare)
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Benchmark workshop on Pandalus stocks (WKPRAWN)
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) in divisions 3.a and 4.a East (Skagerrak and Kattegat and northern North Sea in the Norwegian Deep)An ensemble model was developed to incorporate uncertainty in natural mortality (SS3 model). A distribution of possible natural mortalities at age was constructed based on a suite of M life history and other type models. Three M scenarios were developed: a low, median and high M. An objective weighting approach was used based on model performance statistics and diagnostics to develop the final assessment. The reference points were estimated using a shortcut MSE approach testing a range of fishing mortalities and biomass thresholds in relation to virgin stock size (B0). Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) in subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic)For the Barents Sea stock, the accepted assessment model fell on SPiCT. The commercial CPUE used in the assessment was thoroughly investigated and standardized using a non-spatial model. A spatio-temporal modelling approach (sdmTMB) for the joint Norwegian/Russian Barents Sea Ecosystem Survey (BESS) was presented and compared to the design-based estimators currently used. There was some retrospective error on F/Fmsy but Based on the presented diagnostics, the reference model was considered adequate and acceptable. The standard approach for short-term forecasts and reference points was agreed.Flemish Cap shrimp (NAFO Div. 3M)There was limited progress on the Flemish Cap stock (pra.27.3M). An excellent long-term EU survey from 1988-present is available for the stock covering the period of the moratorium. This shows an increase from 2016 to 2019 with a subsequent decrease. Length-composition data are also available from the survey for this assessment. In future, it may be possible to explore an SS3 model for this stock given the partial and patchy nature of the available data.
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| 13. |
- Bryhn, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Fisk- och skaldjursbestånd i hav och sötvatten 2020 : Resursöversikt
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I rapporten kan du ta del av bedömningen som görs av situationen för bestånd som regleras inom ramen för EU:s gemensamma fiskeripolitik (GFP). Bedömningarna baseras på det forskningssamarbete och den rådgivning som sker inom det Internationella Havsforskningsrådet (ICES). Totalt redovisas underlag och råd för 48 fisk- och skaldjursarter.De bestånd som förvaltas nationellt baseras på de biologiska underlagen, och rådgivningen i huvudsak på den forskning och övervakning samt analys som bedrivs av Institutionen för akvatiska resurser vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU Aqua) samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano, et al.
(författare)
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A centurial development of the North Sea fish megafauna as reflected by the historical Swedish longlining fisheries
- 2015
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Ingår i: Fish and Fisheries. - : Wiley. - 1467-2960 .- 1467-2979. ; 16:3, s. 522-533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Historically, to compensate for declining catches, fishers have usually shifted from species characterized by high catch rate onto less easily caught species or have moved into new fishing grounds. Such shifts are poorly documented for areas with a long history of exploitation (i.e. North Sea) as they occurred long time before the start of the regular assessments of the marine resources. The Swedish longline fisheries in the Kattegat-Skagerrak and North Sea have a long history that spans over several centuries. These fisheries have historically targeted large demersal predator fish as ling (Molva molva), cod (Gadus morhua), Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) and skates (mainly Dipturus spp.). In this study, data from the Swedish longline fisheries from 1859 to 1960 have been collated. The data show that the geographical expansion of the fishery was extensive. At the turn of the 20th century, offshore longlining became concentrated north and west of the Shetlands and Hebrides, and after the WWII, the fishery expanded to Iceland and Rockall. In the offshore fishery, CPUE for the main target species, ling, remained stable, whereas for the other species, with the exception of tusk (Brosme brosme), CPUE showed a dramatic decline over time. In contrast, in the coastal longlining fishery, severe declines were revealed for all major target species except cod. We argue that the constant search for new fishing grounds in the Northeast Atlantic reflects a dwindling resource, where the fishermen kept the catch rates of ling high by travelling to more and more distant fishing grounds. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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| 18. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano
(författare)
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A cookbook for using model diagnostics in integrated stock assessments
- 2021
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Ingår i: Fisheries Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-7836 .- 1872-6763. ; 240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Integrated analysis has increasingly been the preferred approach for conducting stock assessments and providing the basis for management advice for fish and invertebrate stocks around the world. Many decisions are required when developing integrated stock assessments. For example, the analyst needs to decide whether the model fits the data, if the optimization was successful, if estimates are consistent retrospectively, and if the model is suitable to predict future stock responses to fishing. This study provides practical guidelines for implementing selected diagnostic tools that can assist analysts in identifying problems with model specifications and alternatives that can be explored to minimize or eliminate such problems. Emphasis is placed on reviewing the implementation and interpretation of contemporary model diagnostic tools. We first describe each diagnostic approach and its utility. We then proceed by providing a "cookbook recipe" on how to implement each of the diagnostics, together with an interpretation of the results, using two worked examples of integrated stock assessments with Stock Synthesis. Further, we provide a conceptual flow chart that lays out a generic process of model development and selection using the presented model diagnostics. Based on this, we propose the following four properties as objective criteria for evaluating the plausibility of a model: (1) model convergence, (2) fit to the data, (3) model consistency, and (4) prediction skill. It would greatly benefit the stock assessment community if the next generation of stock assessment models could include the diagnostic tests presented in this study as a set of open source tools.
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| 19. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano
(författare)
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A multivariate lognormal Monte-Carlo approach for estimating structural uncertainty about the stock status and future projections for Indian Ocean Yellowfin tuna
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a multivariate lognormal (MVLN) Monte-Carlo approach to produce Kobe phase plots and Kobe II projection matrices for range of fixed catch scenarios from the 2018 Indian Ocean yellowfin tuna reference grid of Stock Synthesis models. First, we present Kobe-phase plots for the current stock status that compare within-model uncertainty estimates for a single reference case model to the structural uncertainty estimates from a reference grid of 24 models. The Kobe phase plot results portrait a more pessimistic stock status for the reference case model (94.3% overfished) compared to the uncertainty grid of 24 Stock Synthesis model configurations (83.9% overfished), which captures a wider range of plausible outcomes along SSB/SSBMSY axis. Projections were conducted based on the 2018 reference grid models for fixed catch scenarios, ranging from 60-120% of the 2017 catch. These projections predict that a 20% reduction of current catches would is required to achieve MSY-based targets by 2027 and a reduction by at least 15% is required to prevent a severe stock collapse by 2024. Our results generally support previous findings that structural uncertainty across models is often more important to capture than the often narrower within model uncertainty, given that the grid comprise an adequate range of plausible alternative configurations of the reference case model. A potential advantage of the MVLN approach over the bootstrap and MCMC routines is that it reduces the computing time, thereby enabling rapid generation Kobe phase plots for advice during typically time constraint assessment meetings.
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| 20. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano
(författare)
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A single-residue microswitch confers selective loss of sugar sensing in wrynecks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 32, s. 4270-4278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sensory receptors evolve, and changes to their response profiles can directly impact sensory perception and affect diverse behaviors, from mate choice to foraging decisions.1, 2, 3 Although receptor sensitivities can be highly contingent on changes occurring early in a lineage’s evolutionary history,4 subsequent shifts in a species’ behavior and ecology may exert selective pressure to modify and even reverse sensory receptor capabilities.5, 6, 7 Neither the extent to which sensory reversion occurs nor the mechanisms underlying such shifts is well understood. Using receptor profiling and behavioral tests, we uncover both an early gain and an unexpected subsequent loss of sugar sensing in woodpeckers, a primarily insectivorous family of landbirds.8,9 Our analyses show that, similar to hummingbirds10 and songbirds,4 the ancestors of woodpeckers repurposed their T1R1-T1R3 savory receptor to detect sugars. Importantly, whereas woodpeckers seem to have broadly retained this ability, our experiments demonstrate that wrynecks (an enigmatic ant-eating group sister to all other woodpeckers) selectively lost sugar sensing through a novel mechanism involving a single amino acid change in the T1R3 transmembrane domain. The identification of this molecular microswitch responsible for a sensory shift in taste receptors provides an example of the molecular basis of a sensory reversion in vertebrates and offers novel insights into structure-function relationships during sensory receptor evolution.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano, et al.
(författare)
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Benchmark workshop on herring (Clupea harengus) in the Gulf of Bothnia (WKCLuB 2021)
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The assessment for the Gulf of Bothnia herring (SD 3031) in 2019 was not accepted by the Advice Drafting Group and was changed from category 1 to 3. The assessment was not accepted based on the poor retrospective diagnostics where the Mohn’s rho values were above 20% for SSB, F and recruitment. The aim for the Benchmark was to evaluate a new model, Stock Synthesis (SS3) as a candidate for the assessment of Gulf of Bothnia Herring SD30–31 in order to minimize the retrospective pattern previously observed. Following the path of the Benchmark data related issues were revealed. This led to a situation that the benchmark was prolonged one year in order to correct the data related issues. Apart from a misspecification in the model about how the trapnet index was used (abundance index vs. biomass index), the data problem had been related to the acoustic survey. The acoustic survey index used in the assessment was thoroughly examined by the Baltic international fish survey working group (WGBIFS) in a meeting in December 2020. A number of model runs (six prior to meeting, and an additional 16 during the benchmark) were conducted for evaluation at this benchmark. The analysis presented extensive diagnostic tests including the standard ICES criterion related to retrospective patterns. This was considered an enhancement over using one method for accepting or rejecting an assessment. It was noted that the final retrospective pattern had low and acceptable values of Mohn’s rho. In general, the benchmark using the stock synthesis platform with the settings specified during the benchmark are considered acceptable for assessment and advice and have features that should ensure stability as new data are added (e.g. selectivity is assumed to be constant over time).
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano
(författare)
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Benchmark workshop on selected flatfish stocks (WKBFLATFISH)
- 2024
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this benchmark process was to propose and evaluate assessment methods and the data upon which they depend for the four stocks: Anglerfish (anf.27.3a46), and sole in Subarea 4 (sol.27.4), Division 7.a (sol.27.7.a) and Divisions 8.a-b (sol.27.8ab). Anglerfish was previously assessed using data limited methods (category 3), sole in subarea 4 using a statistical catch at age model (AAP) and sole in 7a and 8.a-b both assessed using extended survivor analysis (XSA).Landings, discards, survey data and commercial catch and effort data for all stocks were extensively reviewed and collated during the data workshop. For all stocks, revisions were made to the data preparations and methodology behind the derivation of the stock biomass indices, stock and catch weights, maturity data and natural mortality. All the terms of reference were covered during the data workshop and an agreement was reached on the data for to use for an assessment, projections and reference points of each stock reviewed.This was the first benchmark workshop in thirteen years for sole in 7a and eleven years for sole in 8ab. Considerable changes were made to the input data, assessment model, and consequently reference points for both stocks. For these two stocks, SAM was proposed as assessment method while Stock Synthesis (SS3) was proposed as the assessment method for sole in subarea 4 and anglerfish in subareas 4 and 6, and subdivision 3a. For sole in subarea 4, the model addressed and fixed the retrospective issue that was present in the previous assessment. For all models, the diagnostics, model fit, and retrospective model runs revealed no substantial patterns. Sensitivity runs were conducted to investigate the sensitivity to key model assumptions and the workshop reviewed and agreed on the final model configuration.The workshop further reviewed and agreed on the methods used to calculate reference points and forecasts and on the proposed reference points. For sole in 7a, the workshop encountered some issues when determining the stock recruitment relationships based on the ICES guidelines. Therefore, different scenarios were explored considering MSY reference points and their robustness tested using a MSE framework.
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| 27. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano
(författare)
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Biphasic versus monophasic growth curve equation, an application to common sole (Solea solea, L.) in the northern and central Adriatic Sea
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fisheries Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-7836 .- 1872-6763. ; 263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditionally, growth patterns are described as constant throughout life using von Bertalanffy's equation. However, a change in growth due to a reallocation of energy during an individual's lifespan is to be expected. Following this hypothesis, back-calculation measurements obtained from SoleMon survey data were used to fit and compare monophasic and biphasic growth curves for common sole in the northern and central Adriatic Sea. Moreover, individual variability in growth was considered through nonlinear mixed-effect models in which the individual parameters were considered as a random effect. The analyses performed in this study revealed systematic age-specific discrepancies in the monophasic curve and demonstrated that the fit of the biphasic curve was superior (Delta AIC: 329; Delta BIC: 310), confirming the theory that growth in size would decrease as a consequence of reproductive effort. Finally, since common sole is routinely assessed using models that rely on growth to derive assessment estimates and related management reference points, a stock assessment simulation was performed to compare the two growth alternatives. The results showed how the biphasic alternative was preferable to the conventional alternative and how the use of the monophasic pattern would result in an overly optimistic view of stock status (+40% in SSB/SSBtarget and-35% in F/F-target compared to the biphasic pattern), thereby increasing the risk of overfishing.
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| 28. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano
(författare)
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Body temperature upon mist-netting procedures in three species of migratory songbirds at a stopover site: implications for welfare
- 2018
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Ingår i: Animal Welfare. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0962-7286 .- 2054-1538. ; 27, s. 93-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Capturing wild birds with mist nets is very common for studying many aspects of avian biology. However, except for adrenocortical reactivity, little is known about other physiological responses to this potentially stressful procedure. Here, we focused on body temperature (Tb) in migratory songbirds, as large numbers are caught for population monitoring and studies of migratory biology. Tb is sensitive to acute stress in other vertebrates and contexts, usually showing an increase (stress-induced hyperthermia). We sampled garden warblers (Sylvia borin), whinchats (Saxicola rubetra) and barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) captured with mist nests using standard protocols at an island stopover site in the central Mediterranean during spring migration. Tb was measured within 3 min (T0), 30 min (T30) and 180 min (T180) from the time the bird hit the net, using an analogue probe inserted into the throat, and a body condition score was calculated for each bird. In the garden warbler, but not the other two species, a slight but significant reduction in Tb occurred after 180 min. In all species, the change in Tb after 3 h of confinement was positively correlated to the change in ambient temperature (Ta) but not to body condition. The mean (+/- SEM) change in Tb over 3 h was -1.68 (+/- O.16)degrees C for garden warblers, therefore within the expected range of normothermy in small birds. Such reduction in Tb is contrary to the expectation of stress-induced hyperthermia; these results suggest that garden warblers are able to modulate their body temperature and that these small changes are influenced by fluctuations in ambient temperature. Therefore, Tb might not be a good indicator of capture stress in small passerine migrants. Our results also indicate that restraint for ringing procedures is unlikely to have adverse effects on Tb regulation of migratory birds, if held within the time-frame typical of ringing operations.
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| 29. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano
(författare)
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Co-migration fidelity at a stopover site increases over time in African–European migratory landbirds
- 2023
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Ingår i: Royal Society Open Science. - 2054-5703. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Migratory species are changing their timing of departure from wintering areas and arrival to breeding sites (i.e. migration phenology) in response to climate change to exploit maximum food availability at higher latitudes and improve their fitness. Despite the impact of changing migration phenology at population and community level, the extent to which individual and species-specific response affects associations among co-migrating species has been seldom explored. By applying temporal co-occurrence network models on 15 years of standardized bird ringing data at a spring stopover site, we show that African–European migratory landbirds tend to migrate in well-defined groups of species with high temporal overlap. Such ‘co-migration fidelity’ significantly increased over the years and was higher in long-distance (trans-Saharan) than in short-distance (North African) migrants. Our findings suggest non-random patterns of associations in co-migrating species, possibly related to the existence of regulatory mechanisms associated with changing climate conditions and different uses of stopover sites, ultimately influencing the global economy of migration of landbirds in the Palearctic–African migration system.
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| 30. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano, et al.
(författare)
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Comments on Local cod (Gadus morhua) revealed by egg surveys and population genetic analysis after longstanding depletion on the Swedish Skagerrak Coast by Svedang et al.
- 2019
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Ingår i: ICES Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; 76, s. 1209-1211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Svedang et al. (2018) concluded that the occurrence of locally spawned cod eggs suggests that spawning on the Swedish Skagerrak coast takes place, which belong to either a coastal subpopulation that is a remnant stock of a once much larger cod population, or a newly formed subpopulation that is now successfully inhabiting the coastal ecosystems along the Swedish Skagerrak coast. However, after carefully reviewing the results and the data presented by the authors, we were no longer convinced that the information presented provided enough evidence for a local, distinct, coastal cod population in the Swedish Skagerrak. Thus, we requested the original genotype data, which the authors kindly provided to us. This allowed us to explore the substructure of these samples further using STRUCTURE 2.3.2. Re-analysis of the data consistently rejects the existence of an independent coastal Swedish stock in contrast with Svedang et al. (2018) conclusions. We acknowledge the observation of cod spawning in the area but, based on re-analysis of the original genetic data of Svedang et al. (2018), we currently lack the scientific basis to assume the existence of established local stocks, and even less the demographic expansion of an older, relict population in the area.
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| 31. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano
(författare)
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Comparing population trend estimates of migratory birds from breeding censuses and capture data at a spring migration bottleneck
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 11, s. 967-977
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Europe has a well-established network of breeding bird monitoring that is used to produce supranational indices of population trends for many species. However, a comparison of breeding bird censuses with other methods may be beneficial to confirm the validity of such indices. The aim of this study was to assess the value of standardized capture data of migratory birds at migration bottlenecks as an indicator of the effective breeding populations. One limitation to this method is that several populations are co-occurring at these bottlenecks and their catchment areas need to be clearly identified to allow extrapolation of population indices. Here, we used standardized trends in capture numbers of 30 species on the island of Ponza, a migration bottleneck in the central Mediterranean, and compared them to population trends estimated in the putative catchment breeding areas between 2005 and 2016. The catchment areas were identified through the analysis of ring recoveries during the breeding season of birds passing through Ponza. Our results show an agreement between the population trends observed on Ponza and those in the breeding areas in 15 out of 30 species. The correlations were strongest in species with a more robust definition of the catchment areas, that is, species with more than 10 recoveries, and for which the recoveries were most likely of breeding birds. The main reason for disagreement between the two indices in the remaining species might be related to different intensity of sampling in different areas. This issue can be solved by further developing monitoring projects in underrepresented countries, as well as by intensifying monitoring through ringing, both in the breeding grounds and at migration bottlenecks. These results show that spring migration monitoring at bottlenecks has the potential to provide a valuable complement and an independent control of breeding bird surveys, allowing raising early warnings of population declines and contributing to their conservation.
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| 32. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano
(författare)
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Condition-dependent nocturnal hypothermia in Garden Warblers Sylvia borin at a spring stopover site
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ardea -Wageningen-. - : Netherlands Ornithologists' Union. - 0373-2266. ; 101, s. 113-119
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Migratory birds have evolved physiological and behavioural adaptations for crossing large ecological barriers through the accumulation of large amounts of fat and protein during the pre-migratory phase. Nevertheless, most migrant passerines usually need several stopovers en route to replenish their energy reserves and to rest. Migratory decisions at a stopover site strongly depend on body condition at arrival. Previous studies showed that lean birds prolong their stopover compared with fat birds that leave after a very short time. During the stopover, lean birds may reduce their metabolic costs by lowering body temperature (adaptive hypothermia hypothesis). However, it is not clear whether hypothermia can be an active economising strategy or just an unavoidable consequence of bad condition to avoid starvation. We used temperature loggers to measure skin temperature of 19 Garden Warblers Sylvia born caught at a spring stopover site (Ponza Island, Tyrrhenian Sea) and kept overnight in cotton bags. We found that both body condition and activity were positively correlated with skin temperature during the night. The data showed a gradual nocturnal temperature drop of more than 3 degrees C in lean birds, particularly in the central part of the night, followed by a recovery to normothermic levels. Overall, birds in worse physical condition lost more body mass during the night than birds in better condition, but this was especially true for birds that lowered their body temperature the least. These results indicate that hypothermia is associated with low body condition and that it may be functional by reducing body mass loss during migration.
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| 33. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano, et al.
(författare)
-
CPUE trends of Hilsa kelee and Thryssa vitrirostris exploited by the artisanal finfish fisheries in Mozambique derived from an on-shore sampling of catches by trip
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scientia Marina. - 0214-8358. ; 78, s. 55-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artisanal fisheries are often overlooked by fisheries management agencies despite their great importance for food security and livelihoods. The assessment and management of those fisheries is often rare, especially in developing countries. In Mozambique, a probability-based survey for the monitoring of the small-scale fisheries has been conducted in several coastal provinces since the late 1990's. Here we used the Mozambican on-shore data collection programme to illustrate both the difficulties and possibilities of estimating trends in catch per unit of effort (CPUE in kg day(-1)) for stocks when data is limited in both quantity and quality, as is often the case for artisanal fisheries. Data on catch and effort collected between 1998 and 2009 from four regions along the Mozambican coast and two different gears were used to assess the status of two species (Hilsa kelee and Thryssa vitrirostris) exploited by the artisanal fisheries. The results showed that standardized CPUE have declined for some of the regions and gears analysed, whereas for others the trend has been stable or has even increased during the last 12 years. However, when CPUE is scaled for the increase in net length, most of the times series show a declining trend.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano
(författare)
-
'Drivin' with your eyes closed': Results from an international, blinded simulation experiment to evaluate spatial stock assessments
- 2024
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Ingår i: Fish and Fisheries. - 1467-2960 .- 1467-2979. ; 25, s. 471-490
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spatial models enable understanding potential redistribution of marine resources associated with ecosystem drivers and climate change. Stock assessment platforms can incorporate spatial processes, but have not been widely implemented or simulation tested. To address this research gap, an international simulation experiment was organized. The study design was blinded to replicate uncertainty similar to a real-world stock assessment process, and a data-conditioned, high-resolution operating model (OM) was used to emulate the spatial dynamics and data for Indian Ocean yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). Six analyst groups developed both single-region and spatial stock assessment models using an assessment platform of their choice, and then applied each model to the simulated data. Results indicated that across all spatial structures and platforms, assessments were able to adequately recreate the population trends from the OM. Additionally, spatial models were able to estimate regional population trends that generally reflected the true dynamics from the OM, particularly for the regions with higher biomass and fishing pressure. However, a consistent population biomass scaling pattern emerged, where spatial models estimated higher population scale than single-region models within a given assessment platform. Balancing parsimony and complexity trade-offs were difficult, but adequate complexity in spatial parametrizations (e.g., allowing time- and age-variation in movement and appropriate tag mixing periods) was critical to model performance. We recommend expanded use of high-resolution OMs and blinded studies, given their ability to portray realistic performance of assessment models. Moreover, increased support for international simulation experiments is warranted to facilitate dissemination of methodology across organizations.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano
(författare)
-
Effects of body condition and food intake on stop-over decisions in Garden Warblers and European Robins during spring migration
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal für Ornithologie. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0021-8375 .- 2193-7192 .- 2193-7206. ; 158, s. 989-999
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During migration, birds need to optimize their time and/or energy management, especially during stop-overs. Previous studies with caged birds under controlled condition support the notion that departure decisions are condition-dependent, but they did not take into account the availability or the actual intake of food. In the study reported here we investigated whether food intake interacts with condition in influencing migratory disposition in temporarily caged wild migrants. We conducted the study on Garden Warblers (Sylvia borin) and European Robins (Erithacus rubecula) at a spring stop-over site that is reached after a long non-stop flight over the Mediterranean Sea. The birds were held in cages during the day and the first night following capture, and their locomotor activity, food intake, and body mass change were recorded. In both species, food intake was positively correlated with body mass change. Body condition was positively correlated with migratory restlessness (Zugunruhe) in both species and was also negatively related to diurnal activity in Garden Warblers. Food intake was negatively correlated with diurnal activity in Garden Warblers. When only birds with low fat scores were considered, we found a positive effect of food intake on Zugunruhe in Garden Warblers. In general, European Robins consumed less food than Garden Warblers and no significant effects on Zugunruhe were found. Our results show that food intake interacts with condition in affecting migratory behavior during stop-overs. In particular, food intake may induce Garden Warblers with low fat stores at arrival to leave a stop-over site earlier. The large individual variability in food consumption supports the notion that birds vary in their capacity to refuel soon after arrival at a stop-over site. Overall, our work suggests that the decision to stay at the stop-over site or to resume migration depends on the interaction of condition, refueling capacity and rate, and migratory strategy.
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| 38. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano
(författare)
-
Emerging challenges for resource management under ecosystem change: Example of cod in the Baltic Sea
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ocean and Coastal Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0964-5691 .- 1873-524X. ; 198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eastern Baltic cod is an example of a fish stock where fishing pressure has substantially declined after decades of intensive exploitation. However, in contrast to the expected improvements in stock status, stock productivity has concurrently declined to a historic low level. Targeted fisheries for the eastern Baltic cod were recently banned. However, at present low growth and high natural mortality, the stock biomass is projected to remain low, even in the absence of fishing. Thus, the future development in this stock and its potential recovery are largely dependent on ecosystem drivers likely contributing to the presently poor state of the cod stock (e.g. oxygen conditions, spatial distribution of prey species, abundance of marine mammals). Some of these ecosystem drivers and associated impacts on cod may be possible to influence by management measures, which are however not straightforward to implement. Moreover, scientific knowledge to guide management decisions in a complex ecosystem context is lagging behind. The Baltic cod case exemplifies the complexity of questions emerging for management as well as scientific advice under rapidly changing ecosystem conditions, where traditional fisheries management alone may have a limited potential to rebuild the stock.
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| 39. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano
(författare)
-
Energy stores, oxidative balance and sleep in migratory Garden Warblers (Sylvia borin) and Whitethroats (Sylvia communis) at a spring stopover site
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Integrative Organismal Biology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2517-4843. ; 2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about how songbirds modulate sleep during migratory periods. Due to the alternation of nocturnal endurance flights and diurnal refueling stopovers, sleep is likely to be a major constraint for many migratory passerine species. Sleep may help to increase the endogenous antioxidant capacity that counteracts free radicals produced during endurance flight and reduces energy expenditure. Here, we investigated the relationship between sleep behavior, food intake, and two markers of physiological condition—the amount of energy reserves and oxidative status—in two migratory songbird species, the garden warbler (Sylvia borin) and the whitethroat (Sylvia communis). In garden warblers, birds with high energy stores were more prone to sleep during the day, while this condition-dependent sleep pattern was not present in whitethroats. In both species, birds with low energy stores were more likely to sleep with their head tucked in the feathers during nocturnal sleep. Moreover, we found a positive correlation between food intake and the extent of energy reserves in garden warblers, but not in whitethroats. Finally, we did not find significant correlations between oxidative status and sleep, or oxidative status and energy stores. Despite our study was not comparative, it suggests that different species might use different strategies to manage their energy during stopover and, additionally, it raises the possibility that migrants have evolved physiological adaptations to deal with oxidative damage produced during migration.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano, et al.
(författare)
-
First Maximum Sustainable Yield advice for the Nephrops norvegicus stocks of the Northwest Iberian coast using stochastic Surplus Production model in Continuous Time (SPiCT)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in marine science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-7745. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The assessment of the status of fisheries resources is pivotal due to the importance of marine resources in global food security and to halt the ongoing decline in marine biodiversity. Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) is one of the most valuable resources in the Northeast Atlantic. However, overfishing has caused the decline of several Nephrops stocks over the last decades, particularly in the Nephrops Functional Units (FUs) 25 (NW Spain), 26-27 (NW Spain and North Portugal) and 31 (Cantabrian Sea, North Spain). Since 2003, the information provided by the very low level of landings and fishing effort of these three stocks was insufficient to carry out an adequate analytical assessment, so the base of the assessment has been the trends from commercial catch per unit effort (CPUE). The objective of this study was to carry out the first assessment of these three stocks with an analytical MSY-based model. A review of the available data was made and the stochastic Surplus Production Model in Continuous Time (SPiCT) was fitted for each FU. The results indicate an extremely low biomass for FUs 25 and 26-27 since the mid-nineties well below the reference points. For FU 31, on the other hand, estimated biomass is larger. Our findings also identified long-term temporal and spatial changes in the population dynamic of Nephrops in the Northwest Iberian coast. The results were compare with those obtained in the same stocks with other data-limited methods. Also the role of abiotic factors on the observed dynamic of the stocks was explored. The results of this study are not only relevant for the sustainable exploitation of Norway lobster stocks off the Northwest Iberian coast but provide valuable insights into the suitability and limitations of production models for the assessment of crustacean stocks in general.
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| 42. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano
(författare)
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Fish Health and Fisheries, Implications for Stock Assessment and Management: The Mediterranean Example
- 2012
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Ingår i: Reviews in Fisheries Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1064-1262 .- 1547-6553. ; 20, s. 165-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although fish health may influence key population-level processes, particularly those dealing with natural mortality, reproduction, and growth, which, in turn, affect stock productivity, little emphasis has been placed on the links between fish health and the management of marine fisheries. This article addresses this gap and illustrates how knowledge of fish health could provide insight for marine fisheries biologists, stock assessment modelers, and managers. The study proposes ways in which the consideration of condition indicators (energy reserves) and parasitism improves stock assessment and fisheries management, especially in situations of data shortage when standard methods cannot be applied, as is the case in many Mediterranean fish stocks. This article focuses on seven case studies of different fish species from the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Overall, and although the relationship between fish health and productivity cannot always be found or quantified, the article emphasizes the importance of the physical health of exploited stocks, particularly during critical life periods of the fish (e. g., prior to spawning, migration, or in the early life stages), as an essential element of sustainable and profitable fisheries. On the basis of these results, stock assessment and fisheries management implications are discussed.
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| 43. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano
(författare)
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Fishery reform: many stocks secure
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 476, s. 282-282
-
Annan publikation (refereegranskat)
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| 44. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano
(författare)
-
Fishing for MSY: using "pretty good yield" ranges without impairing recruitment
- 2017
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Ingår i: ICES Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; 74, s. 525-534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pretty good yield (PGY) is a sustainable fish yield corresponding to obtaining no less than a specified large percentage of the maximum sustainable yield (MSY). We investigated 19 European fish stocks to test the hypothesis that the 95% PGY yield range is inherently precautionary with respect to impairing recruitment. An F-MSY range was calculated for each stock as the range of fishing mortalities (F) that lead to an average catch of at least 95% of MSY in long-term simulations. Further, a precautionary reference point for each stock (F-P.05) was defined as the F resulting in a 5% probability of the spawning-stock biomass falling below an agreed biomass limit below which recruitment is impaired (B-lim) in long-term simulations. For the majority of the stocks analysed, the upper bound of the F-MSY range exceeded the estimated F-P.05. However, larger fish species had higher precautionary limits to fishing mortality, and species with larger asymptotic length were less likely to have F-MSY ranges impairing recruitment. Our study shows that fishing at F-MSY generally is precautionary with respect to impairing recruitment for highly exploited teleost species in northern European waters, whereas the upper part of the range providing 95% of MSY is not necessarily precautionary for small-and medium-sized teleosts.
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| 45. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano
(författare)
-
Ghrelin affects stopover decisions and food intake in a long-distance migrant
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 114, s. 1946-1951
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Billions of birds migrate long distances to either reach breeding areas or to spend the winter at more benign places. On migration, most passerines frequently stop over to rest and replenish their fuel reserves. To date, we know little regarding how they decide that they are ready to continue their journey. What physiological signals tell a bird's brain that its fuel reserves are sufficient to resume migration? A network of hormones regulates food intake and body mass in vertebrates, including the recently discovered peptide hormone, ghrelin. Here, we show that ghrelin reflects body condition and influences migratory behavior of wild birds. We measured ghrelin levels of wild garden warblers (Sylvia borin) captured at a stopover site. Further, we manipulated blood concentrations of ghrelin to test its effects on food intake and migratory restlessness. We found that acylated ghrelin concentrations of garden warblers with larger fat scores were higher than those of birds without fat stores. Further, injections of unacylated ghrelin decreased food intake and increased migratory restlessness. These results represent experimental evidence that appetite-regulating hormones control migratory behavior. Our study lays a milestone in migration physiology because it provides the missing link between ecologically dependent factors such as condition and timing of migration. In addition, it offers insights in the regulation of the hormonal system controlling food intake and energy stores in vertebrates, whose disruption causes eating disorders and obesity.
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| 46. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano
(författare)
-
Heat loss in sleeping Garden Warblers (Sylvia borin) during migration
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Thermal Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4565. ; 94
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For small songbirds, energy is often a limiting factor during migration and, for this reason, they are forced to alternate nocturnal flights with stopovers to rest and replenish energy stores. Stopover duration has a key role for a successful migration and may have an important impact on fitness. Thus, migrants need to optimize their energy consumption at this stage to reduce their permanence at the site. A recent study has shown that lean individuals reduce their metabolic rate when tucking the head in the feathers during sleep. The underlying mechanism is very likely a reduction in conductance, but the thermoregulatory benefit of the increased insulation has never been quantified yet. Here, we compared heat loss in individual migratory birds while sleeping in different postures. Using a thermal camera and a within-individual approach, we estimated that Garden Warblers can reduce their rate of heat loss by 54% by sleeping with the head tucked in the feathers. This energy saving has a relevant impact on the individual’s energy balance because it can account for up to 8.69% of daily energy expenditure during stopover. Our study provides novel and important information to understand the fundamental role of thermoregulatory strategies on bird’s energy management.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano
(författare)
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ICES meets marine historical ecology: placing the history of fish and fisheries in current policy context
- 2016
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Ingår i: ICES Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; 73, s. 1386-1403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a discipline, marine historical ecology (MHE) has contributed significantly to our understanding of the past state of the marine environment when levels of human impact were often very different from those today. What is less widely known is that insights from MHE have made headway into being applied within the context of present-day and long-term management and policy. This study draws attention to the applied value of MHE. We demonstrate that a broad knowledge base exists with potential for management application and advice, including the development of baselines and reference levels. Using a number of case studies from around the world, we showcase the value of historical ecology in understanding change and emphasize how it either has already informed management or has the potential to do so soon. We discuss these case studies in a context of the science-policy interface around six themes that are frequently targeted by current marine and maritime policies: climate change, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem structure, habitat integrity, food security, and human governance. We encourage science-policy bodies to actively engage with contributions from MHE, as well-informed policy decisions need to be framed within the context of historical reference points and past resource or ecosystem changes.
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| 50. |
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