| 1. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 4. |
- Allagnat, F., et al.
(författare)
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C/EBP homologous protein contributes to cytokine-induced pro-inflammatory responses and apoptosis in beta-cells
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cell Death and Differentiation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1350-9047 .- 1476-5403. ; 19:11, s. 1836-1846
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Induction of the C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) is considered a key event for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta-cells. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are early mediators of beta-cell death in T1D. Cytokines induce ER stress and CHOP overexpression in beta-cells, but the role for CHOP overexpression in cytokine-induced beta-cell apoptosis remains controversial. We presently observed that CHOP knockdown (KD) prevents cytokine-mediated degradation of the anti-apoptotic proteins B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1), thereby decreasing the cleavage of executioner caspases 9 and 3, and apoptosis. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) is a crucial transcription factor regulating beta-cell apoptosis and inflammation. CHOP KD resulted in reduced cytokine-induced NF-kappa B activity and expression of key NF-kappa B target genes involved in apoptosis and inflammation, including iNOS, FAS, IRF-7, IL-15, CCL5 and CXCL10. This was due to decreased I kappa B degradation and p65 translocation to the nucleus. The present data suggest that CHOP has a dual role in promoting beta-cell death: (1) CHOP directly contributes to cytokine-induced beta-cell apoptosis by promoting cytokine-induced mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis; and (2) by supporting the NF-kappa B activation and subsequent cytokine/chemokine expression, CHOP may contribute to apoptosis and the chemo attraction of mononuclear cells to the islets during insulitis. Cell Death and Differentiation (2012) 19, 1836-1846; doi:10.1038/cdd.2012.67; published online 1 June 2012
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| 5. |
- Chapple, C. R., et al.
(författare)
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Consensus Statement of the European Urology Association and the European Urogynaecological Association on the Use of Implanted Materials for Treating Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Stress Urinary Incontinence
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838. ; 72:3, s. 424-431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Surgical nonautologous meshes have been used for several decades to repair abdominal wall herniae. Implantable materials have been adopted for the treatment of female and male stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and female pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Objective: A consensus review of existing data based on published meta-analyses and reviews. Evidence acquisition: This document summarises the deliberations of a consensus group meeting convened by the European Association of Urology (EAU) and the European Urogynecological Association, to explore the current evidence relating to the use of polypropylene (PP) materials used for the treatment of SUI and POP, with reference to the 2016 EAU guidelines (European Association of Urology 2016), the European Commission's SCENIHR report on the use of surgical meshes (SCENIHR 2015), other available high-quality evidence, guidelines, and national recommendations. Evidence synthesis: Current data suggest that the use of nonautologous durable materials in surgery has well-established benefits but significant risks, which are specific to the condition and location they are used for. Various graft-related complications have been described-such as infection, chronic pain including dyspareunia, exposure in the vagina, shrinkage, erosion into other organs of xenografts, synthetic PP tapes (used in SUI), and meshes (used in POP)-which differ from the complications seen with abdominal herniae. Conclusions: When considering surgery for SUI, it is essential to evaluate the available options, which may include synthetic midurethral slings (MUSs) using PP tapes, bulking agents, colposuspension, and autologous sling surgery. The use of synthetic MUSs for surgical treatment of SUI in both male and female patients has good efficacy and acceptable morbidity. Synthetic mesh for POP should be used only in complex cases with recurrent prolapse in the same compartment and restricted to those surgeons with appropriate training who are working in multidisciplinary referral centres. Patient summary: Synthetic slings can be safely used in the surgical treatment of stress incontinence in both male and female patients. Patients need to be aware of the alternative therapy and potential risks and complications of this therapy. Synthetic mesh for treating prolapse should be used only in complex cases with recurrent prolapse in specialist referral centres.
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| 9. |
- Mafra, D, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary Components That May Influence the Disturbed Gut Microbiota in Chronic Kidney Disease
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 11:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gut microbiota imbalance is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associates with factors such as increased circulating levels of gut-derived uremic toxins, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which are linked to cardiovascular disease and increased morbimortality. Different nutritional strategies have been proposed to modulate gut microbiota, and could potentially be used to reduce dysbiosis in CKD. Nutrients like proteins, fibers, probiotics, and synbiotics are important determinants of the composition of gut microbiota and specific bioactive compounds such as polyphenols present in nuts, berries. and fruits, and curcumin, may also play a key role in this regard. However, so far, there are few studies on dietary components influencing the gut microbiota in CKD, and it is therefore not possible to conclude which nutrients should be prioritized in the diet of patients with CKD. In this review, we discuss some nutrients, diet patterns and bioactive compounds that may be involved in the modulation of gut microbiota in CKD and provide the background and rationale for studies exploring whether nutritional interventions with these dietary components could be used to alleviate the gut dysbiosis in patients with CKD.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Staskin, DR, et al.
(författare)
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Overview consensus statement
- 2002
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Ingår i: Urology. - 1527-9995. ; 60:5A, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
- Basra, R., et al.
(författare)
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Design and Validation of a New Screening Instrument for Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: The Bladder Control Self-Assessment Questionnaire (B-SAQ)
- 2006
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Ingår i: Eur Urol. - 0302-2838.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a short patient self-assessment screening questionnaire: bladder control self-assessment questionnaire (B-SAQ) for the evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms. This first validation study was undertaken amongst women. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three hundred twenty-nine women attending general gynaecology and urogynaecology clinics completed both the B-SAQ and Kings Health questionnaire prior to medical consultation, and independent physician assessment of the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and need for treatment. The psychometric properties of the B-SAQ were subsequently analysed. RESULTS: The B-SAQ was quick and easy to complete, with 89% of respondents completing all items correctly in less than 5min. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha score 0.90-0.91), criterion validity (Pearson's correlation values of 0.79 and 0.81, p<0.0001 with the incontinence impact domain of the Kings Health questionnaire), and test-retest reliability of the questionnaire were good. The sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaire to identify patients with bothersome LUTS was 98% and 79%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: LUTS are commonly underreported. Empowering patients to self-assess their bladder symptoms and the need for treatment will improve treatment-seeking behaviour. The B-SAQ is a psychometrically robust, short screening questionnaire that offers patients the ability to assess their bladder symptoms and the bother they cause, and the potential benefit of seeking medical help.
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| 21. |
- de Boer, T A, et al.
(författare)
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Pelvic organ prolapse and overactive bladder.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Neurourology and urodynamics. - : Wiley. - 1520-6777 .- 0733-2467. ; 29:1, s. 30-9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: In this review we try to shed light on the following questions: *How frequently are symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB) and is detrusor overactivity (DO) present in patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and is there a difference from women without POP? *Does the presence of OAB symptoms depend on the prolapsed compartment and/or stage of the prolapse? *What is the possible pathophysiology of OAB in POP? *Do OAB symptoms and DO change after conservative or surgical treatment of POP? METHODS: We searched on Medline and Embase for relevant studies. We only included studies in which actual data about OAB symptoms were available. All data for prolapse surgery were without the results of concomitant stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery. RESULTS: Community- and hospital-based studies showed that the prevalence of OAB symptoms was greater in patients with POP than without POP. No evidence was found for a relationship between the compartment or stage of the prolapse and the presence of OAB symptoms. All treatments for POP (surgery, pessaries) resulted in an improvement in OAB symptoms. It is unclear what predicts whether OAB symptoms disappear or not. When there is concomitant DO and POP, following POP surgery DO disappear in a proportion of the patients. Bladder outlet obstruction is likely to be the most important mechanism by which POP induces OAB symptoms and DO signs. However, several other mechanisms might also play a role. CONCLUSIONS: There are strong indications that there is a causal relationship between OAB and POP.
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| 22. |
- Grenabo, Lars, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of antimuscarinic responders versus suboptimal responders in a randomized clinical trial of patients with overactive bladder symptoms
- 2017
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Ingår i: Current Medical Research and Opinion. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0300-7995 .- 1473-4877. ; 33:10, s. 1731-1736
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To assess the characteristics of tolterodine extended-release (ER) 4mg responders and suboptimal responders (<= 50% decrease in UUI episodes/24 h) among patients with overactive bladder (OAB), including urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), and identify predictors of a >50% UUI response with fesoterodine 8mg in tolterodine suboptimal responders. Methods: Adult patients with OAB symptoms for >= 6 months and >= 8 micturitions, and >= 2 and <15 UUI episodes/24 h at week -2 received open-label tolterodine ER 4mg during a 2 week run-in. Suboptimal responders after tolterodine treatment (week 0) were randomized to fesoterodine (4mg for 1 week, 8mg for weeks 2-12) or placebo once daily. Post-hoc analyses compared the percentage change from week -2 to week 0 in UUI episodes/24 h in tolterodine responders versus suboptimal responders and identified significant predictors of a UUI response at week 12 with fesoterodine 8mg among tolterodine suboptimal responders. Results: Of 897 patients, 610 (68%) were UUI suboptimal responders during the run-in period. UUI episodes/24 h at week -2 were similar in tolterodine responders and suboptimal responders (4.2 vs. 4.3), but responders showed a significantly greater median percentage decrease in UUI episodes/24 h after tolterodine treatment at week 0 (80.0% versus 15.3%; p<.0001). During double-blind treatment, the percentage of patients with a UUI response at week 12 was significantly greater with fesoterodine (69.9%) than placebo (57.0%; p = .0027). Fesoterodine (vs. placebo), no previous antimuscarinic use before tolterodine run-in, and less UUI severity at baseline were significant predictors of a UUI response. Conclusions: For patients with OAB, including UUI, who were treated initially with tolterodine and showed a suboptimal UUI response, nearly 70% demonstrated a UUI response with second-line fesoterodine 8mg. No antimuscarinic use before tolterodine and fewer baseline UUI episodes were significant predictors of a UUI response with fesoterodine.
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| 23. |
- Irwin, D. E., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of overactive bladder symptoms on employment, social interactions and emotional well-being in six European countries
- 2006
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Ingår i: BJU Int. - 1464-4096. ; 97:1, s. 96-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms on issues related to employment, social interactions, and emotional well-being in a population aged 40-64 years. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study comprised a cross-sectional population-based survey of 11 521 individuals aged 40-64 years, conducted in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and the UK. The survey involved a two-stage screening procedure. Initially, individuals with any lower urinary tract symptoms were identified. Those whose only symptom/(s) was suggestive of a urinary tract infection, stress incontinence, or prostate obstruction were excluded from further study. Respondents were asked questions about the impact that their symptoms had on their emotional well-being, social interactions and productivity at home and at work. RESULTS: Of those with OAB, approximately 32% (1272) reported that having these symptoms made them feel depressed, and 28% reported feeling very stressed. There were statistically significant differences in reported feelings of stress and depression when OAB symptoms were stratified by OAB with incontinence (OAB+) vs those with OAB with no incontinence (OAB-), with values for emotional stress of OAB+ 36.4% vs OAB- 19.6%, for depression of OAB+ 39.8% vs OAB- 23.3%. Participants with OAB+ were significantly more likely than those with OAB- to express worry about having accidents and concern about participating in activities away from home because of their bladder symptoms. In addition, those with OAB+ were significantly more likely to report that these bladder symptoms were a source of great concern and made them feel uncomfortable in social situations compared to those with OAB-. Men were significantly more likely than women to report OAB+ having an impact on their daily work life, including worry about interrupting meetings, impact on decisions about work location and hours, and voluntary termination or early retirement. This effect was primarily in men reporting OAB+. CONCLUSION: OAB symptoms have a significant effect on the emotional well-being and productivity of those affected, both at home and at work.
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| 24. |
- Kirby, M., et al.
(författare)
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Overactive bladder: The importance of new guidance
- 2006
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Ingår i: Int J Clin Pract. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1368-5031. ; 60:10, s. 1263-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Overactive bladder (OAB) affects an estimated 49 million people in Europe, but only a minority receive appropriate treatment. Others are bothered by unacceptable levels of symptoms that severely impair their quality of life and represent a significant financial burden to themselves and to their healthcare providers. Recently updated guidelines from the International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI) and the European Association of Urology (EAU) take account of important new developments in the management of bladder problems in both primary and secondary care. However, local implementation of previous guidance has been variable, with many patients with OAB and other bladder problems failing to gain full benefit from current clinical and scientific understanding of these conditions. The recent expansion of the range of treatments available for OAB and stress urinary incontinence makes it especially important that physicians become aware of the differential diagnosis of these conditions - the questions they need to ask, and the investigations which will help determine the most appropriate course of action.
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| 25. |
- Lopes Cardozo, Josephine M N, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of a Breast Cancer Polygenic Risk Score With Tumor Characteristics and Survival
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 41:10, s. 1849-1863
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: A polygenic risk score (PRS) consisting of 313 common genetic variants (PRS313) is associated with risk of breast cancer and contralateral breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the association of the PRS313 with clinicopathologic characteristics of, and survival following, breast cancer.METHODS: Women with invasive breast cancer were included, 98,397 of European ancestry and 12,920 of Asian ancestry, from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC), and 683 women from the European MINDACT trial. Associations between PRS313 and clinicopathologic characteristics, including the 70-gene signature for MINDACT, were evaluated using logistic regression analyses. Associations of PRS313 (continuous, per standard deviation) with overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were evaluated with Cox regression, adjusted for clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment.RESULTS: The PRS313 was associated with more favorable tumor characteristics. In BCAC, increasing PRS313 was associated with lower grade, hormone receptor-positive status, and smaller tumor size. In MINDACT, PRS313 was associated with a low risk 70-gene signature. In European women from BCAC, higher PRS313 was associated with better OS and BCSS: hazard ratio (HR) 0.96 (95% CI, 0.94 to 0.97) and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.94 to 0.98), but the association disappeared after adjustment for clinicopathologic characteristics (and treatment): OS HR, 1.01 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.05) and BCSS HR, 1.02 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.07). The results in MINDACT and Asian women from BCAC were consistent.CONCLUSION: An increased PRS313 is associated with favorable tumor characteristics, but is not independently associated with prognosis. Thus, PRS313 has no role in the clinical management of primary breast cancer at the time of diagnosis. Nevertheless, breast cancer mortality rates will be higher for women with higher PRS313 as increasing PRS313 is associated with an increased risk of disease. This information is crucial for modeling effective stratified screening programs.
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| 29. |
- Moreira, LDG, et al.
(författare)
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Cinnamon: an aromatic condiment applicable to chronic kidney disease
- 2023
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Ingår i: Kidney research and clinical practice. - : The Korean Society of Nephrology. - 2211-9132 .- 2211-9140. ; 42:1, s. 4-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cinnamon, a member of the Lauraceae family, has been widely used as a spice and traditional herbal medicine for centuries and hasshown beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. However, its effectiveness as a therapeutic intervention forchronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unproven. The bioactive compounds within cinnamon, such as cinnamaldehyde, cinnamicacid, and cinnamate, can mitigate oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperglycemia, gut dysbiosis, and dyslipidemia, which are commoncomplications in patients with CKD. In this narrative review, we assess the mechanisms by which cinnamon may alleviate complicationsobserved in CKD and the possible role of this spice as an additional nutritional strategy for this patient group.
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| 33. |
- Sievert, Karl-Dietrich, et al.
(författare)
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Can we prevent incontinence? ICI-RS 2011.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Neurourology and urodynamics. - : Wiley. - 1520-6777 .- 0733-2467. ; 31:3, s. 390-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A review of the current state of research with regard to prevention of incontinence.
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| 34. |
- Tavares, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Basin-wide variation in tree hydraulic safety margins predicts the carbon balance of Amazon forests
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 617:7959, s. 111-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tropical forests face increasing climate risk(1,2), yet our ability to predict their response to climate change is limited by poor understanding of their resistance to water stress. Although xylem embolism resistance thresholds (for example, ?(50)) and hydraulic safety margins (for example, HSM50) are important predictors of drought-induced mortality risk(3-5), little is known about how these vary across Earth's largest tropical forest. Here, we present a pan-Amazon, fully standardized hydraulic traits dataset and use it to assess regional variation in drought sensitivity and hydraulic trait ability to predict species distributions and long-term forest biomass accumulation. Parameters ?(50) and HSM50 vary markedly across the Amazon and are related to average long-term rainfall characteristics. Both ?(50) and HSM50 influence the biogeographical distribution of Amazon tree species. However, HSM50 was the only significant predictor of observed decadal-scale changes in forest biomass. Old-growth forests with wide HSM50 are gaining more biomass than are low HSM(50 )forests. We propose that this may be associated with a growth-mortality trade-off whereby trees in forests consisting of fast-growing species take greater hydraulic risks and face greater mortality risk. Moreover, in regions of more pronounced climatic change, we find evidence that forests are losing biomass, suggesting that species in these regions may be operating beyond their hydraulic limits. Continued climate change is likely to further reduce HSM50 in the Amazon(6,7), with strong implications for the Amazon carbon sink.
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| 35. |
- Wagg, A., et al.
(författare)
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Nocturia: morbidity and management in adults
- 2005
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Ingår i: Int J Clin Pract. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1368-5031 .- 1742-1241. ; 59:8, s. 938-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nocturia is an increasingly prevalent and bothersome urinary symptom associated with considerable impact and morbidity in later life. Nocturnal frequency is associated with a number of underlying pathologies, both related and unrelated to the lower urinary tract. Following careful assessment, diagnosis and management, the condition is amenable to amelioration, if not complete cure in the majority of cases. This paper outlines the epidemiology, underlying pathophysiology and diseases associated with nocturia and reviews current treatment strategies.
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| 36. |
- Wagg, A., et al.
(författare)
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Overactive Bladder and Continence Guidelines: implementation, inaction or frustration?
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Clinical Practice. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1742-1241 .- 1368-5031. ; 62:10, s. 1588-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Guidelines for the management of continence and overactive bladder are generally available across Europe. For a majority of countries, these have been adopted by professional societies in either urology or gynaecology for local use. There has, however, been little monitoring of formal implementation of these guidelines and seldom any attempt to audit their operation. The state of continence care therefore remains largely unknown. This article reviews current guidelines and their status across Europe and examines what might be relevant from other disease areas to promote successful implementation.
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| 37. |
- Wagg, A S, et al.
(författare)
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Overactive bladder syndrome in older people
- 2007
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Ingår i: BJU Int. ; 99:3, s. 502-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overactive bladder symptom complex (OAB) is the commonest cause of urinary incontinence in older people, and is usually due to underlying detrusor overactivity, and as such is a treatable condition. Older people are a heterogeneous group, which includes fit community-dwelling individuals and those with significant medical comorbidity; thus the requirements of care for this group are many and varied. The International Continence Society definition of the frail elderly, those aged >65 years with continence problems, who by virtue of comorbidity are house-bound or living in an institution, is clearly not applicable to all. However, many conditions begin to appear in later life and practitioners need to be aware of the need to manage these, and their treatment, when dealing with older people. Studies of medication for OAB have included the elderly and there is evidence of an equivalent benefit in younger people. The impact of treatment on the cognitively impaired and those receiving acetylcholinesterase inhibitors is discussed.
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