| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Axia, Giovanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Cross-cultural influences on temperament: A comparison of Italian. Italo-Australian and Anglo-australian toddlers.
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Australian psychologist. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0005-0067 .- 1742-9544. ; 27, s. 52-56-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The temperament of three groups of 1- to 3-year-old children from Italy and Australia was compared using Australian and Italian versions of the Toddler Temperament Scale (Fullard, McDevitt,&Carey,1984). Italians, Australians, and Italo-Australians (Italian parent but living in Australia) differed on Intensity, Threshold, Approach, and Persistence dimensions of temperament, in ways which supported the stereotype of the sociable and “emotional” Italian temperament type. Overall, the Australians and the Italians were most different, with the Italo-Australians in between. Developmental differences in all groups were also observed. Mothers’ overall ratings of the child’s temperament was predicted by similar variables in the two Australian groups, but not in the Italian group. The findings support an interactional view of child temperament in its effects on development.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Carelli, Maria Grazia, et al.
(författare)
-
Broadening the TP Profile : Future Negative Time Perspective
- 2015. - 1
-
Ingår i: Time Perspective Theory; Review, Research and Application. - New York : Springer-Verlag New York. - 9783319073675 ; , s. 87-97
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of the future as an arena for planning, self-regulation and achievement has been of considerable interest in past research. The majority of this research suggests that future-oriented thinking has considerable benefits for psychological adjustment and wellbeing. The future is nevertheless not only a temporal space for goal-setting and positive expectations, it may also be associated with fear, uncertainty and anxiety, which may ultimately have detrimental effects on both mental and physical health. Here we present the outline for the Swedish ZTPI (S-ZTPI) which extends the original ZTPI by separating the Future dimension into two sub-factors: The Future Positive scale and the Future Negative scale. We argue that separating the future into two separate dimensions thus comprehending both a positive and a negative valence of the future, adds important information regarding association between future time perspective and subjective well-being.
|
|
| 8. |
- Carelli, Maria Grazia, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Childhood, stages of : preschool
- 2003. - 2
-
Ingår i: International encyclopedia of marriage and family relationships. - New York : Thomson Gale. - 0028656733 ; , s. 264-269
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article summarizes the main important stages in children's cognitive, emotional and moral development during the preschool period.
|
|
| 9. |
- Carelli, Maria Grazia, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Childhood, stages of : infancy
- 2003. - 2
-
Ingår i: International encyclopedia of marriage and family relationships. - New York : Thomson Gale. - 0028656733 ; , s. 253-258
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article was to summarize the main findings of research in the field of child development during infancy. Infancy refers to the period of child development that begins at birth and ends at about two years of life. Recent research in the field of cognitive, emotional and language development, including parent-child relationships, attachment and family environment are reviewed and discussed.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Carelli, Maria Grazia, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Cognitive control in children's time monitoring
- 2004
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0020-7594 .- 1464-066X. ; 39:5-6, s. 206-207-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study examined school-aged children's time monitoring in relation to individual differences in executive control functions. The present study involved an individual-difference approach with three latent executive functions - mental shifting, information updating and monitoring, and inhibition of prepotent responses. Children between 8 to 12 years completed a series of experimental tasks that were assumed to tap each target executive function as well as a parallel task of time monitoring. The findings are discussed in relation to the unity and diversity of executive functions and their contribution to children's time monitoring.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Carelli, Maria Grazia, et al.
(författare)
-
Neural correlates of time perspective
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Time perspective theory: review, research and application. - Berlin : Springer. - 9783319073675 ; , s. 231-242
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary aim of this chapter is to summarize our present knowledge about the neural correlates of time perspective and related constructs. We first briefly introduce functional magnetic resonance functional magnetic resonance imaging as a suitable technique to understand the underlying neural mechanisms when studying various constructs of time. Then, we discuss how the use of brain imaging techniques has improved our knowledge regarding concepts of time perspective. In this section it becomes evident that most studies have focused on mental time traveling. Finally we introduce a novel line of research in which we try to study neural correlates of time within the context of the Zimbardo framework. By such approach we are able to include the personality-like construct from the ZTPI to further understand the neural correlates of temporal processing.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Carelli, Maria Grazia, et al.
(författare)
-
Representation of multiple durations in children and adults
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Child Development Research. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2090-3987 .- 2090-3995. ; , s. 907601-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Keeping track of durations of multiple event attributes with different on set and offset times is a challenging task for both children and adults. In this study, children between 5 and 15 years and young adults observed a puppet show in which three puppets appeared on the scene during overlapping intervals of 30 s to 90 s. At test, participants completed a conventional time estimation task and a timeline task in which they reconstructed the temporal pattern by drawing a timeline for each puppet. For all age groups, the timeline task produced more accurate duration judgments than the time estimation task. Preschoolers’ time estimation was at chance level, but their timeline performance was surprisingly good and age differences were eliminated in some task conditions.These findings suggest that the timeline procedure provides an efficient retrieval support for complex temporal events and that even preschool-aged children are able to represent multiple asynchronous durations, possibly by relying on relational event knowledge in combination with visuospatial retrieval support.
|
|
| 24. |
- Carelli, Maria Grazia, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Sense of time and executive functioning in children and adults
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Child Neuropsychology. - : Psychology Press, Taylor and Francis Group. - 0929-7049 .- 1744-4136. ; 14:4, s. 372-386
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A number of patient studies suggest that impairments in frontal lobe functions are associated with disorders in temporal information processing. One implication of these findings is that subjective experience of time should be related to executive functions regardless of etiology. In two experiments, we examined sense of time in relation to components of executive functioning in healthy children and adults. In Experiment 1, children between 8 to 12 years completed six experimental tasks that tapped three components of executive functioning: inhibition, updating, and mental shifting. Sense of time was examined in a duration judgment task in which participants reproduced stimulus durations between 4 to 32 s. In Experiment 2, adult participants completed the time reproduction task under varying concurrent task demands. Both experiments showed selective effects in that time reproduction errors were related to the inhibition and updating, but not to the shifting, components of executive functioning. However, the observed effects were modulated by task demands and age-related differences in cognitive competence. We conclude that individual differences in executive functioning are only weakly related to time reproduction performance in healthy children and adults.
|
|
| 25. |
- Carelli, Maria Grazia, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Time out of mind : temporal perspective in adults with ADHD
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 16:6, s. 460-466
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: ADHD is often associated with difficulties in planning and time management. In this study, the authors examined the hypothesis that these functional problems in ADHD reflect systematic biases in temporal orientation.Method: To test this hypothesis, adults with ADHD (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 60) completed the Swedish version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI).Results: Although a majority of the ADHD participants were tested under stimulant medication, they showed significant differences in all the six subscales of the S-ZTPI. Logistic regression analysis, with age, education, depression, and response inhibition as covariates, showed that the Future Positive Scale was the primary predictor of ADHD status.Conclusion: These findings suggest that ADHD is associated with systematic biases in habitual time orientation and that these differences may contribute to functional problems in ADHD.
|
|
| 26. |
- Carelli, Maria Grazia, 1959-
(författare)
-
Timelines of past event : reconstructive retrieval of temporal patterns
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Advances in Cognitive Psychology. - : University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw. - 1895-1171. ; 7, s. 49-54
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most naturalistic events are temporally and structurally complex in that they comprise a number of elements and that each element may have different onset and offset times within the event. This study examined temporal information processing of complex patterns of partially overlapping stimulus events by using 2 tasks of temporal processing. Specifically, participants observed a pantomime in which 5 actors appeared on the scene for different periods of time. At test, they estimated the duration each actor or reconstructed the temporal pattern of the pantomime by drawing a timeline for each actor. Participants made large errors in the time estimation task, but they provided rather accurate responses by using the timeline as a retrieval support. These findings suggest that temporal processing of complex asynchronous events is a challenging cognitive task, but that reliance on visuo-spatial retrieval support, possibly in combination with other temporal heuristics, may produce functional approximations of complex temporal patterns.
|
|
| 27. |
- Carelli, Maria Grazia
(författare)
-
Twins
- 1994
-
Ingår i: <em>Dictionary of Developmental Psychology</em>.. - Turin : Einaudi. ; , s. 300-305-
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 28. |
- Cusinato, Mario, et al.
(författare)
-
Childhood, stages of : middle childhood
- 2003. - 2
-
Ingår i: International encyclopedia of marriage and family relationships. - New York : Thomson Gale. - 0028656733 ; , s. 258-264
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 29. |
- Cusinato, Mario, et al.
(författare)
-
Childhood, stages of : toddlerhood
- 2003. - 2
-
Ingår i: International encyclopedia of marriage and family relationships. - New York : Thomson Gale. - 0028656733 ; , s. 269-274
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 30. |
- do Rego Leite, Umbelina, et al.
(författare)
-
A Brazilian Validation of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory for Children - ZTPI-C
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceeding of the 16<sup>th</sup> International FacetTheory Conference, Netanya, Israel. June 26-29, 2017.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study aims to create and validate aversion of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory for children based on itemsadapted from the original adult ZTPI scale and the Negative Future Subscale.For that purpose, an instrument containing 69 items, divided into six maincategories (past, present, and future, each with positive and negativeperceptions), was applied to 675 boys and girls aged from 8 to 12 years frompublic and private schools in Brazil. Cluster analyses done on the items ofeach of the six categories, and a total of 27 items were removed due to theirdistance to the centroid. The remaining 42 items were then submitted to an SSAand the resulting diagram partitioned into a polar structure according to the principles of Facet Theory.The specific structure found was interpreted in terms of Zimbardo et al. (1999) time perspective framework as well as children's temporal knowledge and its development.
|
|
| 31. |
- Forman, Helen, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
-
Time keeping and working memory development in early adolescence : A 4-year follow-up
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of experimental child psychology (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0022-0965 .- 1096-0457. ; 108:1, s. 170-179
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this longitudinal study, we examined time keeping in relation to working memory (WM) development. School-aged children completed two tasks of WM updating and a time monitoring task in which they indicated the passing of time every 5min while watching a film. Children completed these tasks first when they were 8 to 12years old and then 4years later when they were 12 to 16years old. Time keeping in early adolescence showed a different pattern of outcome measures than 4years earlier, with reduced clock checking and increased timing error. However, relative changes in WM development moderated these adverse effects. Adolescents with greater relative gains in WM development were better calibrated than participants with less developing WM functions. We discuss these findings in relation to individual and developmental differences in executive control functions and socioemotionally driven reward seeking.
|
|
| 32. |
- Molinari, Luisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Time perspective in adolescent and young adults : enjoying the present and trusting in a better future
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Time & Society. - : Sage Publications. - 0961-463X .- 1461-7463. ; 25:3, s. 594-612
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time perspective is crucial in adolescence and youth, when individuals make important decisions related to their present and future. The focus of this research was to use the six-factor short version Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI) scale in a sample of adolescents and young adults, and to analyse its associations with decision-making, relational styles and engagement. A structural equation model of the effects of S-ZTPI on these variables was computed, and its psychometric properties were found adequate. The results underline that young people’s present orientation is associated with a relational style based on confidence in oneself and others, and with active engagement in terms of responsibility and trust in a better future. Our findings suggest a positive description of adolescents’ views, as they are able to enjoy the time they are living in without giving up their responsibilities for making a better world for the future.
|
|
| 33. |
- Rönnlund, Michael, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
A Time to Sleep Well and Be Contented: Time Perspective, Sleep Quality, and Life Satisfaction
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between time perspective, i.e., habitual ways of relating to the past, present, and future and sleep quality. A second aim was to test a model by which the expected negative relationship between deviation from a balanced time perspective (DBTP), a measure taking temporal biases across all three frames into account, and life satisfaction was mediated by poor sleep quality. To these ends, a sample of young adults (N = 386) completed a version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). A measure of chronotype was in addition included for control purposes. Bivariate analyses revealed that the S-ZTPI subscales Past Negative, Future Negative, and Present Fatatlistic were associated with poorer sleep quality (higher PSQI scores), with significant associations in the opposite direction for Past Positive and Future Positive. However, DBTP was the strongest predictor of (poor) sleep quality, suggesting that time perspective biases have and additive effect on sleep quality. Regression analyses with PSQI as the dependent variable and alll six ZTPI subscales as the predictors indicated that time perspective accounted for about 20% of the variance in sleep quality (17% beyond chronotype), with Past Negative, Past Positive, and Future Negative as the unique predictors. The results additionally confirmed a strong relation between DBTP and life satisfaction. Finally, data were consistent with the hypothesis that the association of DBTP and life satisfaction is mediated, in part, by sleep quality. Taken together, the results confirmed a substantial link between time perspective and sleep-related problems, factors that may have a negative impact on life satisfaction.
|
|
| 34. |
- Rönnlund, Michael, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Deviations from a balanced time perspective in late adulthood : associations with current g and g in youth
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Intelligence. - : Elsevier. - 0160-2896 .- 1873-7935. ; 71, s. 8-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated relations between general cognitive ability (g) and aspects of time perspective, i.e. habitual ways of relating to the past, present, and future, in a sample of older adults (60-90 years, N = 438). In main focus was a measure of deviations from a balanced time perspective (DBTP), reflecting the differences between proposed ideal and observed score profile on the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI). A current g factor reflecting four cognitive markers was negatively related to DBTP (beta = -0.31), with a higher estimate (beta = -0.40) for a latent DBTP factor. For a subset of male participants (n = 129), cognitive test score from age 18 were retrieved. In that sample the g factor in youth predicted DBTP scores obtained around 52 years later (beta = -0.31, p < .01) nearly as well as current g (beta = -0.39). In line with prior studies, the Present Fatalistic dimension was a main source of the covariation of g and DBTP, but deviation scores for each of the three temporal frames (past, present, future) were significantly associated with g as well. Variations in recent stress did not account for these associations. Multi-group latent level analyses revealed a magnified g-DBTP association in old-old age (beta = -0.57 and beta = -0.81 in the old-old group for a latent DBTP factor), with a similar pattern for Present Fatalistic and Past Negative. Together, the results demonstrate a substantial association between g and time perspective in late adulthood, a relationship that may have been established early as judged from a relation to the age 18 g factor. A magnified association in in old-old age might reflect a more noticeable impact of age-related cognitive deficits on everyday functioning and thereby aspects of time perspective (e.g. increase present fatalism). Impairments in cognitive processes that allow for a flexible shift between temporal frames could also be factor, something which needs to be evaluated in future studies.
|
|
| 35. |
- Rönnlund, Michael, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Mindfulness Promotes a More Balanced Time Perspective : Correlational and Intervention-Based Evidence
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Mindfulness. - New York : Springer. - 1868-8527 .- 1868-8535. ; 10:8, s. 1579-1591
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the relationship between mindfulness and aspects of time perspective (TP, i.e., habitual views of past, present, future).Methods: We examined cross-sectional associations between an established measure of mindfulness (FFMQ) and an extended version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (Swedish ZTPI; S-ZTPI) in a sample with little experience of mindfulness training (n = 212). In addition, we evaluated the effects of two mindfulness-based interventions (a mindfulness instructor course involving 29 participants and a mindful self-compassion program, n = 40 for the intervention group, n = 41 for controls) on mindfulness and measures of TP including an aggregate measure of deviations from a proposed optimal, or balanced, time perspective (DBTP).Results: Cross-sectional data were consistent with a model by which part of the relationship between mindfulness and perceived stress is mediated by reduced DBTP. Global mindfulness scores showed the strongest (negative) associations with the S-ZTPI scales Future Negative and Past Negative. Comparisons of pre/post-intervention data revealed significant mindfulness-based intervention-related reductions of DBTP (Cohen’s d = − 0.46), with lowered scores on Past Negative and Future Negative and a small increase on Past Positive.Conclusions: The results support the notion that a higher level of mindfulness promotes a more balanced time perspective, with a reduced focus on negative aspects of the past and negative anticipations of the future. Relations to repetitive negative thought processes (rumination, worry) and a potential bidirectional influence of mindfulness and aspects of time perspective are discussed.
|
|
| 36. |
- Rönnlund, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Perceived stress in adults aged 65 to 90 : Relations to facets of time perspective and COMT Val158Met polymorphism
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the relation between perceived stress and time perspective (views of past, present, future) in a population-based sample of older adults (65-90 years, N = 340). The Perceived Questionnaire (PSQ index) was used to measure stress and the Swedish version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI) was used to operationalize time perspective. Unlike the original inventory, S-ZTPI separates positive and negative aspects of a future time perspective and we hypothesized that the Future Negative (FN) scale would be important to account for variations in stress. Additionally, associations with Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val(158)Met polymorphism were examined, motivated by prior associations of this single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with stress (or "anxiety") related personality traits. In line with the hypotheses, FN was the strongest predictor of PSQ index scores in multiple regression analyses. In a related vein, the dichotomization of the unitary Future scale increased the association between PSQ scores and a measure of deviations from a balanced time perspective, i.e., the difference between a proposed optimal and observed ZTPI profile. Finally, higher levels of stress as well as higher scores on FN were observed in COMT Val/Val carriers, at least among men. This suggests a shared dopaminergic genetic influence on these variables. Collectively, the results demonstrate that perceived stress is closely linked to time perspective and highlight the need to take negative aspects of a future temporal orientation into account to understand this relation.
|
|
| 37. |
- Rönnlund, Michael, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Fatalistic Decision Maker : Time Perspective, Working Memory, and Older Adults' Decision-Making Competence
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prior research indicates that time perspective (TP; views of past, present, and future) is related to decision-making style. By contrast, no prior study considered relations between TP and decision-making competence. We therefore investigated associations between dimensions of the Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI) and performance on the Adult Decision-Making Competence (A-DMC) battery in a sample of older adults (60-90 years, N = 346). A structural equation model involving four A-DMC components as indicators of a general DMC factor and the six TP dimensions as the predictors revealed a significant negative association between the Present Fatalistic dimension and DMC. Given that age-related differences were apparent in DMC and that Present Fatalistic orientation increased with age, we tested a model by which the age-related differences in DMC were mediated by age-related differences in Present Fatalistic attitudes and in working memory. The results were consistent with full mediation of the age effects, with Present Fatalistic and working memory jointly accounting for a substantial amount of the variance in DMC (51%). The finding that DMC among older adults, in particular more cognitively demanding aspects such as applying decision rules, can be undermined by increased present fatalistic attitudes and declines in working memory is discussed in terms of theoretical frameworks highlighting the contribution of both motivational and cognitive factors to effective decision making.
|
|
| 38. |
- Rönnlund, Michael, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Time Perspective Biases Are Associated With Poor Sleep Quality, Daytime Sleepiness, and Lower Levels of Subjective Well-Being Among Older Adults
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the extent to which individual differences in time perspective, i.e., habitual way of relating to the personal past, present, and future, are associated with sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in a sample of older adults. The participants (N = 437, 60-90 years) completed the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire (KSQ), a the Swedish version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI), and two ratings of subjective well-being (SWB) (life satisfaction, happiness). Based on established relationships between dimension of time perspective and other variables (e.g., depression) and relations between negative retrospection (rumination) and negative prospection (worry) in prior studies, we expected higher scores on Past Negative and Future Negative to be linked to poor sleep quality and (indirectly) increased daytime sleepiness. Moreover, we examined the possibility that variations in perceived sleep and sleepiness during the day mediates the expected association between an aggregate measure of deviations from a so called balanced time perspective (DBTP) and SWB. In regression analyses controlling for demographic factors (age, sex, and work status), higher scores on Past Negative and Future Negative predicted poorer sleep quality and higher levels of daytime sleepiness. Additionally, most of the association between time perspective and daytime sleepiness was accounted for by individual differences in sleep quality. Finally, structural equation modeling yielded results consistent with the hypothesis that variations in sleep mediate part of the negative relationship between DBTP and SWB. Given that good sleep is essential to multiple aspects of health, future studies evaluating relationships between time perspective and adverse health outcomes should consider sleep quality as a potentially contributing factor.
|
|
| 39. |
- Rönnlund, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Time Perspective in Late Adulthood : aging patterns in past, present and future dimensions, deviations from balance, and associations with subjective well-being
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Timing & Time Perception. - : Brill Academic Publishers. - 2213-445X .- 2213-4468. ; 5, s. 77-98
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined cross-sectional aging patterns for subscales of the Swedish version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory in a population-based sample of older adults (60–90 years; N = 447). Alternative methods to assess time perspective balance (DBTP, involving a single Future dimension; S-BTP; and DBTP-E, including in addition, Future Negative), were compared and their relations to subjective well-being (SWB) were examined. Significant negative age relations were observed for Past Negative and Future Negative with a clear age-related increase in Present Fatalistic, while Past Positive, Present Hedonistic, and Future Positive were relatively stable across age. A significant age-related increase in deviation from balance was observed across methods (Cohen’s ds 0.28–0.57), with the highest value for DBTP-E. Overall, S-BTP and DBTP-E were more strongly associated with SWB than DBTP (r = −0.40), with the highest value for DBTP-E (r = −0.53). Analyses of separate age groups (60–65 vs. 70–75 vs. 80–90 years) revealed a trend of weakened association with balance in old-old age, for S-BTP and DBTP-E in particular. This seemed to reflect the fact that negative views of the future are strongly related to SWB in young-old adults but diminish in importance in late senescence (80–90 years). Potential factors behind the observed patterns of results, including deficits in cognitive functioning and physical health to account for the age-related increase in present fatalism, and the potential role of a self-transcendent future time perspective for well-being in old-old age, are discussed.
|
|
| 40. |
- Sircova, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
A global look at time : a 24-country study of the equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory
- 2014
-
Ingår i: SAGE Open. - : SAGE Publications. - 2158-2440. ; :4, s. 1-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we assess the structural equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) across 26 samples from 24 countries (N = 12,200). The ZTPI is proven to be a valid and reliable index of individual differences in time perspective across five temporal categories: Past Negative, Past Positive, Present Fatalistic, Present Hedonistic, and Future. We obtained evidence for invariance of 36 items (out of 56) and also the five-factor structure of ZTPI across 23 countries. The short ZTPI scales are reliable for country-level analysis, whereas we recommend the use of the full scales for individual-level analysis. The short version of ZTPI will further promote integration of research in the time perspective domain in relation to many different psycho-social processes.
|
|
| 41. |
- Todorov, Ivo, et al.
(författare)
-
Spatial offloading in multiple task monitoring
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cognitive Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2044-5911 .- 2044-592X. ; 30:2, s. 230-241
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coordinating multiple tasks requires a high degree of cognitive control, and individuals with limited executive functions often show difficulties in everyday multitasking. We tested the hypothesis that demands on executive control can be alleviated by internally representing the temporal pattern of goals and deadlines as spatial relations. In two experiments, participants completed a multitasking session by monitoring deadlines of four clocks running at different rates, along with separate tasks of executive functioning and spatial ability. In Experiment 1, individual and gender-related differences in spatial ability (mental rotation) predicted multitasking performance, beyond the contributions of both the updating and inhibition components of executive functioning, and even when spatial cues were eliminated from the layout of the monitoring task. Experiment 2 extended these findings by showing that concurrent spatial load impaired task monitoring accuracy, and that these detrimental effects were accentuated when spatial abilities were compromized due to fluctuation in female sex hormones. These findings suggest that multiple task monitoring involves working memory-related functions, but that these cognitive control demands can be offloaded by relying on spatial relation processes.
|
|
| 42. |
- Wiberg, Britt, et al.
(författare)
-
A qualitative and quantitative study of seven persons with balanced time perspective (BTP) according to S-ZTPI
- 2012
-
Ingår i: 1st international conference on time perspective and research. - : ESPACOBRANCO. ; , s. 120-120
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The theoretical notion of balanced time perspective (BTP) has been suggested by a number of authors and some attempts to operationalize BTP (Boniwell, 2005; Drake, Duncan, Sutherland, Abernethy & Henry, 2008; Sircova & Mitina, 2008; Boniwell, Osin, Linley & Ivanchenko, 2010) has been done. The aim of the present study was to get a deeper understanding of the BTP-concept by studying seven BTP-persons with both interviews and self-rating scales (e.g. SCL-90, Life Events scale, Scales of Psychological Well-Being (C. Ryff) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (E.Diener) at two occasions. Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI) (Carelli, Wiberg & Wiberg, 2011) was administered in order to study the stability and change in BTP-level. The results showed a great stability in the BTP-level (Wiberg, Sircova, Wiberg& Carelli, in press), although a small change was observed. The 14 interviews were analyzed according to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The result shows a consciousness about the "now" among the participants and a synchronicity between the present and the past and also between the present and the future. The results give strength to a holistic present scale (Zimbardo & Boyd, 2008) and an "extended now".
|
|
| 43. |
- Wiberg, Britt, et al.
(författare)
-
Balanced time perspective : developing empirical profile and exploring its stability over time
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Time perspective. - London : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9781137601902 - 9781137601919 ; , s. 63-95
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Balanced time perspective (BTP) is characterized by flexible switching between a person's past, present and future time orientations, depending on situational demands, personal resources, experiences, and social evaluations. The present study aimed to explore the psychological characteristics of people with a BTP profile and attain a deeper understanding of the BTP construct. Seven people with BTP profiles were investigated using in-depth interviews, self-report instruments, and a projective test. By testing the participants on two occasions within an 18-month interval, we investigated the stability of BTP. Analyses showed that participants were aware of the "now" and had a synchronicity between the present and the past, and also between the present and the future. Results indicated a degree of temporal stability in the BTP profile and that people's interpretations and interactions within the surrounding context of events influences their time perspectives.
|
|
| 44. |
- Wiberg, Marie, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Operationalizing balanced time perspective in a Swedish sample
- 2012
-
Ingår i: The International Journal of Educational and Psychological Assessment. - : Time Taylor Academic Journals. - 2094-0734. ; 12:1, s. 95-107
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Past research suggests that biases in temporal orientation may have systematic effects ongoal-directed behavior and that physical and mental well-being is associated with balanced time perspective (BTP, Zimbardo and Boyd, 1999). The aim of this study was to examine different operationalizations of the BTP, and to present an alternative proposal in which BTP is measured as a multidimensional, rather than a binary, construct. Two versions of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) were administered to a sample of 502 individuals. The proposed operationalization shows important advantages in terms of ecological validity of the multidimensional definition, sample independency and possibility to adjust for country differences. Our proposal may also have practical implications both for individuals and groups, e.g. in working teams, psychological counseling, psychotherapy and when recruiting personal forleading positions.
|
|
| 45. |
- Zajenkoswski, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Cognitive processes in Time perspective
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Time perspective Theory; Review, Research and Application. - New York : New York: Springer. - 9783319073675 ; , s. 243-255
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter we explore the role of cognitive processes in time perspective. Extending previous findings, we present how individual differences in time orientation are related to intelligence, goal-directed behaviour, executive control and meta-cognition. First, we show that present fatalistic TP is negatively related to intelligence, and that future-oriented individuals tend to have higher general abilities. Further, we present the data, proving that risk taking is negatively correlated with the future positive scale. Another finding discussed here is that working memory development is a strong predictor of temporal orientation. Children who have efficient working memory updating functions in early school age exhibit higher tendency toward future positive when they are adolescents. Finally, our studies indicate, that time perspectives tend to correlate with meta-cognitive skills, knowledge and experiences, suggesting that the temporal orientation influences meta-cognition.
|
|
| 46. |
- Zambianchi, Manuela, et al.
(författare)
-
Attitudes Towards and Use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) Among Older Adults in Italy and Sweden : The Influence of Cultural Context, Socio-Demographic Factors, and Time Perspective
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 34:3, s. 291-306
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined determinants of attitudes towards and use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in older adults, including variations in cultural context, socio-demographic factors (age, education, and gender) and the individual's time perspective. Towards this end, 638 older adults in Italy (n = 262, M = 71.7 years) and Sweden (n = 376, M = 69.9 years) completed the Swedish Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI), the Attitude toward Technologies Questionnaire (ATTQ), and questions regarding use of specific digital technologies (e.g. Internet, Skype, Facebook); data were collected in 2013-2014. The results showed more positive attitudes toward ICTs in Swedish compared with Italian elderly as well as more frequent use of technologies. Regardless of nationality, younger age and higher levels of educational attainment was positively associated with attitudes towards ICTs. Male gender was associated with higher ATTQ scores in the Italian, but not in the Swedish, sample. Time perspective accounted for significant variance beyond the foregoing variables. S-ZTPI Past Negative, Future Negative and Present Fatalistic in particular, were (negatively) related to ATTQ scores, with a similar pattern for ICT use. Future Positive and Present Hedonistic were positively associated with ATTQ scores, across the samples. In conclusion, between-person differences in time perspective organization are an important factor to account for variability in attitudes towards and use of ICTs in old age, and appears to exert an influence over and beyond other significant predictors, such as cultural context, age/cohort membership, and educational level.
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
- Zambianchi, Manuela, et al.
(författare)
-
Positive attitudes towards technologies and facets of well-being in older adults
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Gerontology. - Thousand oaks : Sage Publications. - 0733-4648 .- 1552-4523. ; 37:3, s. 371-388
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study investigates the relevance of positive attitudes toward Internet technologies for psychological well-being and social well-being in old age. A sample of 245 elderly people (Mean age = 70; SD =9.1) filled in the Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire, the Social Well-Being Questionnaire, and Attitudes Toward Technologies Questionnaire (ATTQ). Favorable attitudes toward Internet technologies showed positive correlations with overall social well-being and all its components with the exception of social acceptance. Positive correlations with overall psychological well-being and two of its components, namely, personal growth and purpose in life, were also found. Two hierarchical multiple regression models underscored that positive attitudes toward Internet technologies constitute the most important predictor of social well-being, and it appears to be a significant predictor for psychological well-being as well. Results are discussed and integrated into the Positive Technology theoretical framework that sustains the value of technological resources for improving the quality of personal experience and well-being.
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
- Åström, Elisabeth, 1982-
(författare)
-
Being in balance or stuck in time : exploring facets of time processing in relation to mental health
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Time is central in human functioning and crucial for adaptive behavior. The aim of the current thesis was to investigate aspects of people’s subjective experience of time and their relationship with mental health, specifically anxiety and subjective well-being. Two time concepts were of key interest in the thesis: time estimation, which refers to the ability to estimate time durations; and time perspective, which refers to people’s habitual way of relating to the past, the present, and the future. The thesis comprehends four studies. In the first three studies, time perspective and time estimation were investigated in persons with varying degrees of anxiety, ranging from mild symptoms to anxiety disorders. The results of these studies showed that in particular negative past time perspective and negative future time perspective were associated with anxiety. These time perspectives were further strongly associated with the tendency to ruminate and worry. Time estimation did not largely deviate between persons with anxiety and healthy controls, although there was some evidence that subcomponents of anxiety might be differentially related to time estimation. More specifically, state anxiety was moderately related to retrospective time estimation, such that higher levels of state anxiety was associated with judging time intervals in retrospect as longer. In the final study of the thesis, balanced time perspective (BTP) was examined in relation to subjective well-being and age. BTP can be described as an optimal way of relating to the past, the present and the future and has been suggested to facilitate mental health and well-being. However, there are several ways to measure BTP, and there are also indications that what constitutes a BTP is not completely age-invariant or equally associated with well-being across age. The fourth study of the thesis thus aimed at examining three methods of measuring BTP, and each methods distinct association with subjective well-being and age were examined. The study was conducted in a population-based sample of older adults (age range 60 – 90 years of old). Results of this study indicated subjective well-being is strongly related to BTP, particularly methods of measuring BTP that incorporates negative future time perspective. However, the strong (and inverse) relationship between negative future time perspective and subjective well-being diminished with increasing age. Instead, and among the oldest participants in the sample (80+ years), fatalistic views of the present had more bearing on subjective well-being.
|
|
