| 1. |
- Andersson, Ulrika, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Ingen anledning till oro (?) - inledningskapitel
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ingen anledning till oro (?). - Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet. - 0284-4788. - 9789189673496 ; , s. 11-29
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Pandemin är ännu inte över, men vi börjar att se ett slut. Därborta vid horisonten skönjer vi ett skimmer, en dimma som lättar och ger oss nytt ljus. Efter drygt ett år av stängda gränser, social distansering och för många förlusten av nära och kära, tycks vår vardag vara på väg tillbaka. Eller i alla fall någon form av ny vardag, en tid som alltjämt präglas av handtvätt, vaccinering och munskydd. Livet som vi minns det före covid-19, finns inte kvar. Mitt i detta livsomställande läge är det lätt att glömma att pandemier har inträffat förr. Covid-19 är vare sig unik eller särskilt dödlig jämfört med tidigare pandemier. Men här och nu är oron stor. Även om vacciner har börjat produceras och distribueras i stor skala, är det fortfarande oklart hur pandemiläget kommer att utvecklas ur ett globalt perspektiv. I spåren av pandemin står vi nu inför en mängd nya utmaningar; var och hur människor bor och arbetar, klimatfrågan, den politiska kartan som de senaste åren successivt ritats om. Men även kulturella värderingar som frågor om identitet, globalisering, kultur och gränsdragning av nationalstatens ansvarsområden har blivit än mer centrala. Prognoser för hur de politiska vindarna blåser låter sig inte lätteligen göras i vanliga fall, än mindre under en pandemi. Det är mot bakgrund av denna verklighet som årets forskarantologi från SOM-institutet har fått sitt namn: INGEN ANLEDNING TILL ORO (?). Titeln knyter direkt an till Sveriges inledande ställningstagande kring viruset där risken för en pandemi tonades ner. I slutet av januari 2020 konstaterade Anders Tegnell, statsepidemiolog på Folkhälsomyndigheten (FHM), att det finns ingen anledning att oroa sig för att smittas av coronaviruset. Johan Carlson, generaldirektör för FHM, konstaterade flera gånger att det inte var frågan om en pandemi, utan risken för just detta bedömdes som mycket låg. En månad senare den 11 mars deklarerade Världshälsoorganisationen (WHO) covid-19 som en pandemi. En pandemi som stängde världen – såsom vi känner den.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Ulrika, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
Regntunga skyar – inledningskapitel
- 2020
-
Ingår i: 978-91-89673-47-2. - Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet. - 0284-4788. - 9789189673472 ; , s. 11-24
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Det finns ett före och ett efter. Ett före, som var världen såsom vi kände den innan den stora stormens härjningar drog in över land. Ett efter, som vi ännu inte vet hur det kommer att te sig. Någonstans däremellan en skärseld av osäkerhet, oro och trevande försök att hitta nya förhållningssätt. Det var nog få som kunnat föreställa sig att det var så det nya årtiondet skulle börja; att förödel-sen av en viruspandemi så tvärt skulle stänga gränser och sätta stopp för den fria rörligheten, att så många verksamheter och arbetstillfällen skulle gå förlorade, att en av de viktigaste uppmaningarna skulle vara att hålla social distansering.Så här en bit in på 2020, kan det nästan vara svårt att föreställa sig vad det var som låg i fokus under 2010-talets sista år, vilka de politiska trätomålen var, vad vi pratade om och vad vi egentligen tyckte. En blick i det gångna årets nyhetsbevak-ning visar en dagordning med fokus på Europaparlamentsvalet, brexitförhandlingar, klimatförändringar, gängkriminalitet och skjutningar. Det är mot bakgrund av denna verklighet som årets forskarantologi från SOM-institutet har fått sitt namn:Regntunga skyar. Titeln knyter an till de nya orosmoln och konfliktlinjer som vi kunnat skönja i det svenska samhället vid 2010-talets slut. Det svenska partiland-skapet har befunnit sig i en omstruktureringens tidevarv, där den politiska kartan successivt ritas om. Vänster och höger är inte längre den givna blockindelningen, snarare kan skymtas konturer av ett nytt, konservativt block. Kulturella värderingar har fått en allt viktigare betydelse, där frågor om identitet, globalisering, kultur och gränsdragning av nationalstatens ansvarsområden är centrala. Prognoser för hur de politiska vindarna blåser låter sig inte lätteligen göras.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Ulrika, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Sprickor i fasaden (inledningskapitel)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sprickor i fasaden. - Göteborg : Göteborgs iniversitet. - 0284-4788. ; , s. 11-40
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Det råder på sina håll en oro och ett mörker i debatten och föreställningarna om samhällets tillstånd. Bilder målas av en värld av kollapsande system och spruckna fasader, där de folkvalda fattar beslut som utarmar människors trygghet och livsvillkor. Det talas om det förljugna etablissemanget, om politisk korrekthet som ödelägger och förstör. Andra ser hur antidemokratiska krafter, likt början av förra seklet, växer sig större och tar allt mer plats på gator och torg. Somliga beskriver en demokrati i kris, om obönhörligt växande sprickbildningar i samhällsbygget. Och i spåren av dessa skeenden berättas hur otrygghetens och rädslans landskap breder ut sig. Världen som vi en gång kände den tycks långsamt glida ur våra händer. Den välputsade fasaden spricker. Samtidigt finns indikationer på att beskrivningen av samhällets förestående krackelering har chimäriska drag, en illusion framvuxen i en tid då det som tidigare varit etablerade normer och ideal på olika sätt utmanas och ifrågasätts. Kanhända är det så att samhällets palett skiftar i långt fler nyanser än mörkaste grått? Kanhända spirar det mitt ibland oss en värld fylld av möjligheter och förutsättningar för människor att leva, bo och utvecklas – tillsammans och sida vid sida? För i konstrast till bilden av samhällets rämnande grundvalar, kan skymtas skriftningar i den gemensamma värdegrunden i riktning mot ökad tolerans, öppenhet och jämlikhet. Kanske är dessa skiftningar tecken på att det förekommer en hel del sprickor också i föreställningen om den spruckna fasaden? Sprickor i fasaden är den sjuttioandra forskarantologin från SOM-institutet vid Göteborgs universitet. Titeln refererar till den sprickbildning i samhällsbygget som på olika håll har lyfts fram i den allmänna debatten. En del av de frågor som analyseras i boken påvisar också tydliga sprickor och polariseringstendenser – inte sällan i frågor som sträcker sig bortom den klassiska vänsterhögerdimensionen. Det är inte längre bara frågor som rör skatter, välfärdsstatens finansiering eller förhållandet mellan offentligt och privat som står för den största sprickbildningen. I många fall handlar det också om sociala och kulturella frågor som skapar skiljelinjer i befolkningen.
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| 4. |
- Carlander, Anders, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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A bridge over troubled water : public participation as a possibility for success in water management
- 2016
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Ingår i: Water Policy. - : IWA Publishing. - 1366-7017 .- 1996-9759. ; 18:5, s. 1267-1285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public participation in local water councils is one method to involve different actors in the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive. In this study we investigate which beliefs explain why the public participate and also how motives to participate are related to willingness to comply with decisions related to the water management framework. In total 910 respondents answered a web survey regarding their participation in the council work. Structural equation modelling was conducted with willingness to comply and motives to participate as the main dependent latent constructs. Other included latent constructs were perceived need for change, fairness, trust, and social- and personal norms. The results show that motives to participate did not have an effect on willingness to comply. Perceived need for change had indirect effects on nearly all latent constructs in the model and personal norms and social norms (through personal norms) had an effect on willingness to comply. The results are discussed in the context of water management methods.
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| 5. |
- Carlander, Anders, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Choices of savings options related to trust in banks’ competence, benevolence and stability
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Financial Services Marketing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1363-0539 .- 1479-1846. ; 18:2, s. 121-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study investigates whether beliefs in professional investor skill in conjunction with trust in banks and other fund managers explain choices of options for long-term savings. From questionnaire data obtained for a population-based sample (n=178) and a sample of undergraduates (n=186), two index measures were constructed, one of beliefs in the skill of professional investors and another of trust in fund managers. The trust index was aggregated for the three interrelated components: competence, benevolence and stability. Regression analyses of the likelihood of savings in an actively managed fund showed an expected effect of investor-skill beliefs that was mediated by trust in the fund manager. In addition, self-reported knowledge played a larger role than trust for choices of passively managed index funds and in particular for own investment in stocks.
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| 6. |
- Carlander, Anders, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 related distress in the Swedish population: Validation of the Swedish version of the COVID Stress Scales (CSS)
- 2022
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The COVID Stress Scales (CSS) assess health- and contamination-related distress in the face of a medical outbreak like the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Though the CSS is translated into 21 languages, it has not been validated in a Swedish national sample. Aim Our general objective is to provide a translation, replication, and validation of the CSS and test its convergent- and discriminant validity in relation to anxiety, health anxiety, depression, and stress in the general Swedish population. We also present latent psychometric properties by modelling based on item response theory. Methods Participants consisted of 3044 Swedish adults (> 18 years) from a pre-stratified (gender, age, and education) sample from The Swedish Citizen Panel. Mental health status was assessed by validated instruments, including the CSS, PHQ-4, SHAI-14, and PSS-10. Results Results indicate that our Swedish translation of CSS has good psychometric properties and consists of 5 correlated factors. Discussion The CSS is useful either as a unidimensional or multidimensional construct using the CSS scales to measure key facets of pandemic-related stress. Conclusions The findings support the cross-cultural validity of the CSS and its potential utility in understanding many of the emotional challenges posed by the current and future pandemics.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Carlander, Anders, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Financial Literacy and Debt
- 2019
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Ingår i: Indebtedness in early adulthood : causes and remedies / Jeanette Carlsson Hauff, Tommy Gärling, Ted Lindblom (red.). - Cham, Switzerland : Palgrave MacMillan. - 9783030139957 ; , s. 129-149
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given the empirical evidence of the effect of financial literacy on a number of debt-related financial behaviors, such as e.g., mortgage-related decisions and use of credit cards, the construct of financial literacy is defined (including both level of objective knowledge and individuals’ own perception of level of knowledge) and discussed, both in general and connected to borrowing decisions. Together with age, gender, education, and income, the impact of financial literacy on a number of variables (including choice of variable or fixed mortgage rates, use of credit cards and use of pawn shops) is assessed and discussed. The connection between literacy and indebtedness for the group of young adults is also specifically addressed.
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| 9. |
- Carlander, Anders, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Should Trust Be Stressed? General Trust and Proactive Coping as Buffers to Perceived Stress
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 11, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stress is becoming an increasingly important public health concern. Assuming that individual levels of trust and coping can buffer psychological stress, we explore validated measures of general trust [General Trust Scale (GTS)], proactive coping [Proactive Coping Inventory (PCI)], jointly with personality [Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to experience (HEXACO)], and intolerance of uncertainty (IUS), as predictors of perceived stress [Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)]. Data were collected from Qualtrics research panels using quota sampling to obtain two representative American community samples. The assumed alleviating effects of GTS and PCI on PSS remained but were attenuated when modeled jointly with HEXACO, IUS, and socio-economic background variables [socioeconomic status (SES)] in hierarchical regressions. In Study 1 (N = 1,213), SES explained 19% and HEXACO explained 29% of the variance in PSS. Introducing IUS and GTS added significant but small portions of explained variance. In Study 2 (N = 1,090), after controlling for SES which explained 18% of the variance, IUS explained an additional 18% of the variance in PSS. Adding GTS to the model showed modest contributions whereas PCI added 9% of explained variance in the final hierarchical step. The findings highlight that GTS and PCI remain important variables even after controlling well-known factors such as personality and ability to tolerate uncertainty. However, given the weak effects of GTS, to consider trust as a remedy for stress may be of limited use in clinical practice since it could potentially be explained largely as a proxy for a beneficial combination of personality, coping, and socioeconomic background
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| 10. |
- Carlander, Anders, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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The ever gap: The relationship between self-rated health and socio-economic inequalities in Sweden between 1999 and 2021
- 2023
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Ingår i: Social Sciences & Humanities Open. - 2590-2911. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Health inequality linked to socioeconomic status (SES) has increased in many parts of the world. Since economic inequality also has been reported to be on the rise, it is pivotal to investigate how socioeconomic inequality affects health disparities annually. The present study is based on a yearly repeated cross-sectional probability sample of Swedish citizens (N = 141 619) collected between 1999 and 2021. We show that the relative level of SES has increased significantly in Sweden. In addition, the level of economic inequality has also increased. Based on self-rated health (SRH), we report a clear disparity between low and high SES and subjective social class (SSS), where higher SES and SSS are associated with better SRH. We observe a stronger association between SRH and reported present SSS (i.e., subjective social class aimed at capturing current situation) than between SRH and reported childhood SSS (i.e., subjective social class focusing on the situation when growing up). We show that the annual marginal effect of SES is not increasing but instead contributes with a stable annual contribution on SRH. Interestingly, the annual effect of education on SRH was substantially attenuated when adjusting for income, whereas the effect of income on SRH was only moderately different when adjusting for education. Potential mechanisms and remedies are discussed.
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| 11. |
- Carlander, Anders, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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The role of perceived quality of personal service in influencing trust and satisfaction with banks
- 2018
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Ingår i: Financial Services Review. - 1057-0810. ; 27, s. 83-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trust is of paramount importance to banks. Previous research has shown that trust increases with repeated personal contacts. We investigate if this applies to the customer-employee relationship in banks. Data from an on-line survey of 293 customers of Swedish retail banks are used to construct indicator measures. By means of structural equation modeling we find that trust in the bank is influenced by perceived quality of personal service through employees’ perceived competence, perceived benevolence, and perceived transparency, and that satisfaction with the bank is influenced by perceived quality of personal service through perceived competence, perceived benevolence, perceived transparency, and trust.
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| 12. |
- Carlander, Anders, 1979
(författare)
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Trust as a strategy for handling uncertainty in private savings choices
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis examines trust in banks and financial expertise as a way of coping with the uncertainty involved in financial decision making. Trust is considered to be beneficial in general and uncertainty is assumed to induce adverse feelings that people will want to get rid of. The general aim was to investigate whether people will substitute assumed adverse psychological states with trust. Thus, topics such as trust, investor biases, financial literacy and customer satisfaction were investigated. Different groups of participants were included; undergraduate students, the general public, and bank customers. Study I showed that the propensity to invest in an actively managed fund was determined by beliefs in investor skills together with trust in financial institutions. In addition, self-reported financial knowledge and trust were found to be complementary in the choice of different investment products. Results from Study II showed that trust fully mediated the relationship between perceived quality of personal services and customer satisfaction. This indicates that satisfaction and thereby also loyalty may depend on trusted bank personnel. Study III investigated a savings choice scenario with real-time stock information. The results showed that trust in financial advisers increases the probability of delegating the savings choice to a financial adviser. Conversely, financial literacy increases the probability of choosing to invest individually in shares or in an index fund. In addition, the choice to delegate to a financial adviser reduced the participants’ subjective uncertainty of the choice task. The results suggest that trust is a way of coping with uncertainty. In general, this thesis emphasizes the importance of trust in explaining behaviour in a financial context. In particular, trust seems to be a reason why people consistently invest in expensive financial products that rarely are beneficial to them. This may indicate that trust in banks and financial expertise rests upon an unwillingness to accept uncertainty that may lead to higher than warranted levels of interpersonal trust. This raises some ethical issues for future policy considerations.
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| 13. |
- Carlander, Anders, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Validation and normative data on the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale RCADS-25 in a Swedish national probability sample of children and adolescents aged 4–17 years
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. - : WILEY. - 1049-8931 .- 1557-0657. ; 33:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Mental health problems among children and adolescents are a growing public health concern. Self-report questionnaires are pivotal for screening and early detection of mental health issues. We evaluate the psychometric properties and provide norm data of the 25-item child and 25-item parent-report versions of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS). Methods A random probability sample of 29,000 children and adolescents (ages 4–17) from the Swedish population registry was invited. Data collection occurred from September 2021 to January 2022, accompanied by one postal and four SMS reminders. Results Participants (N = 7045, 48.98% girls) demonstrate that the RCADS-25 possesses relatively sound psychometric properties, albeit that the child-report version assessed with children and adolescents aged 8 to 17 years rendered relatively better psychometric properties (e.g., ω = 0.87–0.92, CFI = 0.89) compared with the parent-report version and the children 4 to 7 years old (e.g., ω = 0.72–0.82, CFI = 0.84). Conclusion The RCADS-25 instruments may be used as an effective instrument for the initial assessment of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents in Sweden.
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| 14. |
- Delisle Nyström, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity and screen time in Swedish children and adolescents: The generation pep study 2018–2021
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 112:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To analyse physical activity and screen time trends annually between 2018 and 2021 in large population-based samples of Swedish children and adolescents. Methods This is a repeated cross-sectional study using data collected over 4years (2018–2021) using simple probability sampling of Swedish children and adolescents aged 4–17years. The web-based questionnaire, including questions on physical activity and screen time, was filled out by a parent if the child was <12years of age and by the adolescents themselves if they were≥12years. Sociodemographic data was collected from the parents. Results No significant difference in physical activity was observed in 2020 and 2021 compared to 2019. However, older children/adolescents and girls have higher odds to be in a lower physical activity category (p-values<0.001). With regards to screen time, there was a significant increase in reported screen time from 2018 to 2021 for children and adolescents, with screen time peaking in 2020 (p-values<0.001). Conclusion This is the first study in Sweden evaluating trends in physical activity and screen time in large population-based samples spanning from pre-school to adolescence. Interventions to promote physical activity, especially in the older age groups and to reduce screen time in a Swedish context are warranted.
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| 15. |
- Hauff Carlsson, Jeanette, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Breaking the ice of low financial involvement: Does narrative information format from a trusted sender increase savings in mutual funds?
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Bank Marketing. - 0265-2323. ; 34:2, s. 151-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how trust in the sender of financial information and a narrative vs fact-related format of the information influence intentions to save in a mutual fund. Design/methodology/approach – In Experiment 1, 186 undergraduates participate and in Experiment 2, 434 Swedish citizens between 18 and 70 years randomly chosen from a consumer panel. In both experiments participants are randomized to two conditions in which they are presented with the same information about a mutual fund in a narrative or a traditional fact-related format. In four different between-groups conditions crossed with information format, pre-tested descriptions of different fictitious banks are presented. The descriptions are combined in a fractional factorial design such that one bank is low in the three trust determinants of competence, benevolence and transparency, whereas the other three banks are high in one of the trust determinants but lower in the others. Ratings are made of the information with respect to how much positive affect the information evokes, interest in the message and intention to save in the mutual fund. Findings – In both experiments the narrative compared to the fact-based information format increases positive affect, interest and intention to save. Trust in the bank has an independent effect of increasing the intention to save. Practical implications – The narrative format of financial information may be key to increase involvement in financial choices but needs to be supplemented by a message that reinforces the positive affect and interest evoked by the format. Originality/value – A demonstration of how a narrative format of financial information and trust in the sender jointly influence intentions to save in a mutual fund.
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| 16. |
- Hauff Carlsson, Jeanette, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Retirement Financial Behaviour: How Important Is Being Financially Literate?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Consumer Policy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0168-7034 .- 1573-0700. ; 43, s. 543-564
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using Item Response Theory to analyse survey data from a representative sample of 551 Swedish citizens, a new 16-question measure of fact-based financial literacy is developed and validated. Uni-dimensionality of the measure is verified, and expected correlations are observed with an existing measure of fact-based financial literacy, a measure of subjective financial literacy or confidence, and age, gender, and income. A significant impact of fact-based and subjective financial literacy are found on three time-ordered stages of individuals’ retirement behaviour: planning, saving, and investment management. It is concluded that policies increasing final literacy are important in different phases of the life cycle.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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Hemma Väst
- 2018
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
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Ingen anledning till oro (?) : SOM-undersökningen 2020
- 2021
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Pandemin är ännu inte över, men vi börjar att se ett slut. Därborta vid horisonten skönjer vi ett skimmer, en dimma som lättar och ger oss nytt ljus. Efter drygt ett år av stängda gränser, social distansering och för många förlusten av nära och kära, tycks vår vardag vara på väg tillbaka. Eller i alla fall någon form av ny vardag, en tid som alltjämt präglas av handtvätt, vaccinering och munskydd. Livet som vi minns det före covid-19, finns inte kvar. Mitt i detta livsomställande läge är det lätt att glömma att pandemier har inträffat förr. Covid-19 är vare sig unik eller särskilt dödlig jämfört med tidigare pandemier. Men här och nu är oron stor. Även om vacciner har börjat produceras och distribueras i stor skala, är det fortfarande oklart hur pandemiläget kommer att utvecklas ur ett globalt perspektiv. I spåren av pandemin står vi nu inför en mängd nya utmaningar; var och hur människor bor och arbetar, klimatfrågan, den politiska kartan som de senaste åren successivt ritats om. Men även kulturella värderingar som frågor om identitet, globalisering, kultur och gränsdragning av nationalstatens ansvarsområden har blivit än mer centrala. Prognoser för hur de politiska vindarna blåser låter sig inte lätteligen göras i vanliga fall, än mindre under en pandemi. Det är mot bakgrund av denna verklighet som årets forskarantologi från SOM-institutet har fått sitt namn: INGEN ANLEDNING TILL ORO (?). Titeln knyter direkt an till Sveriges inledande ställningstagande kring viruset där risken för en pandemi tonades ner. I slutet av januari 2020 konstaterade Anders Tegnell, statsepidemiolog på Folkhälsomyndigheten (FHM), att det finns ingen anledning att oroa sig för att smittas av coronaviruset. Johan Carlson, generaldirektör för FHM, konstaterade flera gånger att det inte var frågan om en pandemi, utan risken för just detta bedömdes som mycket låg. En månad senare den 11 mars deklarerade Världshälsoorganisationen (WHO) covid-19 som en pandemi. En pandemi som stängde världen – såsom vi känner den.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Kajonius, Petri J., et al.
(författare)
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Who gets ahead in life? : Personality traits and childhood background in economic success
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Psychology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-4870 .- 1872-7719. ; 59, s. 164-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many societies around the world, the ideal is that anyone can achieve a successful lifeindependent of family background. An indication of such social mobility could be that personalitycharacteristics have stronger impact than childhood background on economic success.The present study investigated how much of life outcomes (i.e., educationalattainment, annual income, and life outcome satisfaction) were accounted for by adult personalitytraits (the Big Five), when controlled for childhood socio-economic status (SES).The results from a large, representative Swedish sample (N = 5280) showed that personalitytraits (especially neuroticism) were associated as much as or more than childhood SESto annual income and life outcome satisfaction, whereas childhood SES related more toeducational attainment. These results may help facilitate our understanding of the mechanismsbehind individual economic success.
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| 22. |
- Lindqvist Bagge, Ann-Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Health-related quality of life (FACT-GP) in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1477-7525. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Many studies have used disease-specific instruments, such as the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT), when studying health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients. Few studies however, have described normative HRQOL values in the general population using FACT - General Population (FACT-GP). The general aim of the present study is thus to describe the normative HRQOL values in the general Swedish population by using the FACT-GP instrument and to investigate to what degree sociodemographic factors and status of self-rated health (SRH) correlate with HRQOL. Methods The participants consisted of a pre-stratified (gender, age and education) sample of Swedish citizens that previously had enrolled to be a part of a web panel hosted by a research institute (SOM Institute) at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden. The HRQOL was assessed by using the FACT-GP and SRH. Results A higher FACT-GP score was mainly associated with males, higher age, higher income and better SRH. The results showed that the Swedish sample scored lower on FACT-GP than previous studies. Conclusions Since HRQOL is frequently used as an important endpoint in healthcare research, there is an increasing need for normative data. The results from this study serve as a general population standard against which other studied HRQOL-data could be evaluated.
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| 23. |
- Lindqvist Bagge, Ann-Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Health-related quality of life using the FACT-M questionnaire in patients with malignant melanoma: A systematic review.
- 2022
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Ingår i: European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-2157. ; 48:2, s. 312-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since there are no formal definition of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) there may be a lack of coherence and understanding of how to interpret HRQOL-data. The aim of this study is to summarize HRQOL-results that have used the FACT-M questionnaire in patients with melanoma, and specifically to summarize FACT-M between tumor stage.This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines.original studies on cutaneous melanoma between 2005 and 2020, written in English, containing "Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Melanoma" OR "Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy M" OR FACT-M OR FACT/M OR FACTM OR "FACT M" OR FACT-melanoma OR "FACT Melanoma" together with FACT-M numbered data and basic patient characteristics, using the databases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and PsycINFO.16 articles describing 14 patient cohorts published 2008-2020 were included. The majority of the studies did not report subscale scores in accordance with FACT-M guidelines. The results did indicate that FACT-M total scores were inversely correlated with AJCC stage. Subscale analysis demonstrated varying degrees of correlation with AJCC stage. The Melanoma Surgery Subscale score was lowest in stage III patients, probably reflecting more advanced surgical procedures in this group of patients.Though this review is based on a questionnaire limited to the assessment of melanoma patients, it highlights the universal need for clinical studies to describe their selected HRQOL-questionnaires, its definition of HRQOL and its dimensions, as well as comply with the questionnaire's guidelines when reporting HRQOL-data.
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| 24. |
- Lindqvist Bagge, Ann-Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Mental health, stress, and well-being measured before (2019) and during (2020) COVID-19 : a Swedish socioeconomic population-based study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Psychology and Health. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0887-0446 .- 1476-8321.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Compare mental health, stress, and well-being in the Swedish population as measured before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Repeated cross-sectional design using data measured before (Jan-2019; n = 2791) and during (Oct/Nov-2020; n = 2926) COVID-19 pandemic in Swedish population-representative cohorts. Following constructs were measured: anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory), depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II), stress (Perceived Stress Scale-10 items), health-related quality of life (HRQOL[Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General Population]) and self-rated health (SRH) was assessed with a single-item question. Results: When adjusting for age, sex, education, and income there were significantly higher levels of anxiety (M = 9.15 vs. 8.48, p < 0.01) and depression (M = 3.64 vs. 3.30, p = 0.03), lower levels of stress (M = 14.06 vs. 14.91, p < 0.001), but worsened HRQOL (M = 76.40 vs. 77.92, p < 0.01) and SRH (M = 6.91 vs. 7.20, p < 0.001), observed in 2020 compared to 2019. For the negative effects seen in anxiety, depression, HRQOL, and SRH, higher income and education had a protective effect. The decrease in stress was also correlated with higher income. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic led to a small but significant worsening in mental health and well-being in the general Swedish population, where higher socioeconomic status seemed to have a protective effect.
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| 25. |
- Nicolini, Gianni, et al.
(författare)
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Attitude toward risk and financial literacy in investment planning
- 2017
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Ingår i: Risk culture in banking. A. Carretta, F. Fiordelisi & P. Schwizer (Eds.). - Cham, Switzerland : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783319575919 ; , s. 307-320
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Financial literacy is shown to influence investment decisions in different ways. One possible influence is that a lack of understanding of financial risk causes a negative risk attitude with the consequence for optimal investment behaviour that the positive relation between risk and return is not properly taken into account. The authors analyze data (n = 1,150) collected in 2015 from three European countries (Italy, Sweden and Spain) to test whether people with a low financial literacy have a negative risk attitude. The results confirm that survey respondents low in financial literacy on average rate their risk attitude more negative than more financial literate respondents do.
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| 26. |
- Nilsson, Jonas, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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How consumers evaluate costs in complex services: the case of mutual fund fees
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Marketing. - 0309-0566. ; 58:13, s. 56-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: In modern societies, consumer well-being is dependent on choices regarding complex services, such as investments, health care, insurance and lending. However, evaluating costs of such services is often difficult for consumers due to a combination of limited cognitive resources and complexity of the service. The purpose of this study is to empirically examine to what extent three specific consequences of complexity influence consumer tendencies to make mistakes when evaluating the costs (or price) of complex services. Design/methodology/approach: Three studies were conducted (survey: n = 153, experiment: n = 332 and conjoint analysis: n = 225), all focusing on how consumers evaluate costs in the complex mutual fund setting. Findings: The authors find that consumers struggle with estimating and using cost information in decision-making in the complex services setting. Consumers of complex services frequently underestimate the costs over the long-term, may see costs as a signal of service quality and are susceptible to influence from presentation formats when evaluating costs. Research limitations/implications: The study investigates mutual funds, which is one example of a complex service. In order to get a full picture of how consumers deal with costs in complex setting, future research needs to expand this focus to other types of complex services. Practical implications: The results have implications for both marketers of complex services and policymakers. For marketers, this paper highlights that competing with a low-cost strategy may be difficult in the complex services setting as consumers may lack the ability to actually evaluate what they pay over the long term. For policymakers, increased simplification of prices may be an attractive option. However, it is important that this simplification is done in a way that increases the possibility to compare prices. Originality/value: As complexity influences several aspects of decision-making, an understanding of how consumers evaluate costs in complex settings is dependent on taking a multidimensional research approach. This paper makes a novel contribution to the literature on pricing by showing that consumers struggle with multiple aspects when evaluating costs in complex contexts. Understanding these effects is important to policy, as well as to research on the cognitive value of simplicity that is currently gaining traction in marketing research.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Peterson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Lay people beliefs in professional and naïve stock investors’ proneness to judgmental biases.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-6350. ; 5, s. 27-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We hypothesize that lay people due to over-reliance on expertise have unwarranted beliefs in professional stock investors’ skill, which may be one reason why they trust financial institutions. In order to investigate this hypothesis, survey questions were constructed to measure whether lay people believe professional stock investors differ from naïve stock investors in making more rational and less biased judgments. Study 1 showed that both economics undergraduates (n = 118) and psychology undergraduates (n = 72) believe that professional stock investors are more rational and overconfident than naïve investors, but less optimistically biased, less influenced by affect, and less influenced by others. Similar results were obtained in Study 2 comparing a random population-based sample (n = 178) to a heterogeneous undergraduate sample (n = 186).
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| 29. |
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Regntunga skyar
- 2020
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dystra prognoser från 2010-talets sista nationella SOM-undersökning. Fler än någonsin ansåg att Sverige var på väg åt fel håll, oron tilltog och brottslighet klättrade på dagordningen. Samtidigt duggade rapporter om oåterkalleliga hot mot klimatet tätt. Hur påverkas vårt vardagsliv, vår hälsa och vår politik av dessa mörka moln? Regntunga skyar innehåller trettio kapitel forskaranalyser, sprungna ur resultaten från 2019 års nationella SOM-undersökning. Analyserna visar hur opinion och vanor och utvecklats och förändrats på en uppsjö av olika områden, samt inte minst vad vi som samhälle tog med oss in i det än så länge turbulenta 2020-talet.
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| 30. |
- Reinhardt, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Is the Road to Burnout Paved with Perfectionism? The prevalence of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in a clinical longitudinal sample of female patients with stress-related exhaustion.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Psychology. - 0021-9762 .- 1097-4679. ; 80:2, s. 391-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Few studies have investigated the relationship between stress-related mental health problems and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). Similarly, little research has focused on the moderating effect of OCPD on recovery in clinical patients with stress-related mental health problems. The general aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of OCPD and the associations between OCPD and level of burnout, anxiety, and depression symptoms, during a 7-years follow-up in a clinical longitudinal sample of female patients with stress-related exhaustion. Method The included patients (n=84) were referred to a specialist outpatient clinic for patients with stress-related exhaustion between 2006 and 2011. Data was collected at the initial examination and during a 7-year treatment follow-up. Results OCPD was the most common personality disorder in the present clinical sample, with 40% of patients fulfilling the criteria. There was a significant association between OCPD and the degree of burnout symptoms as well as the degree of depression, both at baseline and during the 7-year follow-up. No significant association between OCPD and levels of anxiety was observed. Conclusion The results support the hypothesis that there might be an association between OCPD and stress-related exhaustion, including preservation of symptoms over time. OCPD and its related traits, such as perfectionism, may be important factors to consider when constructing effective treatment and rehabilitation plans for these patients.
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| 31. |
- Rosell, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Generation Pep Study: A population‐based survey on diet and physical activity in 12,000 Swedish children and adolescents
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 110:9, s. 2597-2606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim This study presents dietary intake and physical activity in a large nationally representative sample of children and adolescents in Sweden. It also reports the study protocol for the Generation Pep Study that will be used for yearly repeated measurements. Methods A random sample of children and adolescents aged 4–17 years living in Sweden was invited to fill in a Web‐based questionnaire on dietary intake and physical activity. For participants aged <12 years, the parents were asked to fill in the questionnaire together with their child. Information on socio‐economic background was collected from the parents. Results A total number of 12,441 children and adolescents participated in the study (participation rate 43%). The results indicate that 13‐ to 17‐year‐olds have notably less healthy dietary intake and lower physical activity compared with younger age groups. In general, the dietary intake was most healthy among 4‐ to 6‐year‐olds. A socio‐economic gradient was seen for many of the studied variables. Conclusion Participants of a high socio‐economic status and younger age generally had healthier dietary intake and higher physical activity. The study provides novel national data as it includes a wide age of children and adolescents (4–17 years).
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| 32. |
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Sprickor i fasaden
- 2018
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det råder på sina håll en oro och ett mörker i dagens Sverige. Några grupper ser en värld av kollapsande system och spruckna fasader, där folkvalda fattar beslut som utarmar människors trygghet och livsvillkor. Andra ser hur antide-mokratiska krafter, likt början av förra seklet, växer sig allt större och på sina håll ges legitimitet av världsledare. Somliga går så långt som att tala om en demokrati i kris, om obönhörligt växande sprickbildningar i samhällsbygget i spåren av vilka otrygghetens och rädslans landskap breder ut sig. Sprickor i fasaden knyter an till denna rådande debatt och föreställningar om samhällets tillstånd.Världen som vi en gång kände den tycks långsamt glida ur våra händer. Den välputsade fasaden spricker. Eller gör den det? Kanske skiftar samhällets palett i långt fler nyanser än mörkaste grått? Kanske spirar det rent av en värld med allt godare möjligheter för människor att leva och utvecklas? För i kontrast till bilden av samhällets rämnande grundvalar, kan också skymtas skiftningar i värdegrunden i riktning mot ökad tolerans, öppenhet och jämlikhet. Måhända är dessa skiftningar tecken på sprickor också i föreställningen om den spruck-na fasaden? Sprickor i fasaden är den 72:e forskarantologin från SOM-institutet och bygger på 2017 års nationella SOM-undersökning – den trettioandra i ordningen. Bokens innehåll knyter på många sätt an till frågan om sprickor i det svenska samhällsbygget. Flera kapitel belyser tilltagande polarisering och politisering inom (S)amhälle, (O)pinion och (M)edier. Samtidigt pekar resultaten i andra kapitel på en påtaglig stabilitet och förstärkt uppslutning kring centrala värde-ringar, samhällsfrågor och samhällsinstitutioner.Sprickor i fasaden är skriven av ett 30-tal forskare från olika discipliner vid universitet och högskolor i Sverige.
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| 33. |
- Wesslau, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Tumor burden and health-related quality of life in patients with melanoma in-transit metastases
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Few studies have investigated the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with melanoma in-transit metastases (ITM). The aim was to investigate the association between tumor burden and HRQOL, including disparities pertaining to sex and age, in treatment-naïve patients with ITM. Methods: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Melanoma (FACT-M) questionnaire was used to assess HRQOL Pairwise comparisons using t-tests between clinical cutoffs are presented and multiple linear regression analysis showing the unique associations of gender, age, number of tumors, tumor size, presence of lymph node metastases, and tumor localization. Results: A total of 95 patients, 47% females and 53% males (median age 72 years) were included between 2012 and 2021. Women scored significantly lower on emotional well-being (p = 0.038) and lower on FACT-M (p = 0.058). Patients who had ≥10 tumors scored significantly lower on FACT-M (p = 0.015), emotional- and functional well-being (p = 0.04, p = 0.004, respectively), melanoma scale (p = 0.005), and FACT-G (p = 0.027). There was no significant difference in HRQOL depending on age, size of tumors, localization, or presence of lymph node metastases. Conclusion: For patients with melanoma ITMs, the female sex and higher tumor burden (i.e., number of tumors) were significantly correlated with lower HRQOL. However, these findings do not fully explain HRQOL for this patient population, and future research should consider the possibility that there are specific questions for patients with ITM where current instruments might fail to measure their discomfort to the full extent.
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| 34. |
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