| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Bien, Stephanie A., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variant predictors of gene expression provide new insight into risk of colorectal cancer
- 2019
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Ingår i: Human Genetics. - : Springer. - 0340-6717 .- 1432-1203. ; 138:4, s. 307-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies have reported 56 independently associated colorectal cancer (CRC) risk variants, most of which are non-coding and believed to exert their effects by modulating gene expression. The computational method PrediXcan uses cis-regulatory variant predictors to impute expression and perform gene-level association tests in GWAS without directly measured transcriptomes. In this study, we used reference datasets from colon (n=169) and whole blood (n=922) transcriptomes to test CRC association with genetically determined expression levels in a genome-wide analysis of 12,186 cases and 14,718 controls. Three novel associations were discovered from colon transverse models at FDR0.2 and further evaluated in an independent replication including 32,825 cases and 39,933 controls. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, we found statistically significant associations using colon transcriptome models with TRIM4 (discovery P=2.2x10(-4), replication P=0.01), and PYGL (discovery P=2.3x10(-4), replication P=6.7x10(-4)). Interestingly, both genes encode proteins that influence redox homeostasis and are related to cellular metabolic reprogramming in tumors, implicating a novel CRC pathway linked to cell growth and proliferation. Defining CRC risk regions as one megabase up- and downstream of one of the 56 independent risk variants, we defined 44 non-overlapping CRC-risk regions. Among these risk regions, we identified genes associated with CRC (P<0.05) in 34/44 CRC-risk regions. Importantly, CRC association was found for two genes in the previously reported 2q25 locus, CXCR1 and CXCR2, which are potential cancer therapeutic targets. These findings provide strong candidate genes to prioritize for subsequent laboratory follow-up of GWAS loci. This study is the first to implement PrediXcan in a large colorectal cancer study and findings highlight the utility of integrating transcriptome data in GWAS for discovery of, and biological insight into, risk loci.
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| 3. |
- Blekemo, Annika, 1963-
(författare)
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Entreprenadövergång : Anställningsskyddets gränser vid övergång av verksamhet
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Can the concept of "economic entity" be the holy grail that sheds an explanatory light on the bridge provided by the protective purpose of the Council Directive on Transfers of Activities 01/23 (the Directive)? The balance between freedom of enterprise and employment protection? The bridge between industrial and service societies? This thesis argues that an economic entity consists of production factors that enable the continuation of the activity. The examination of whether there is a transfer of an undertaking within the Directive must therefore be based on whether these production factors have been transferred, together or integrated, and form an economic unit. How the economic unit interacts in practice with the criteria for identity for an undertaking is currently not entirely clear. This thesis seeks to demonstrate a possible balance that would provide greater predictability within the Directive's framework for transfers of undertakings in general, but particularly for subcontractors and particularly for service subcontractors. The form of management with respect to service subcontractors must be reassessed. Gone is the foreman of industrial society who directly supervised and controlled workers. In service subcontracts, various forms of self-management or digital management are common - workers often form independent and structured groups, without a direct supervisor. Here, the assessment of whether the staff can form an economic unit has to be done in a novel way, thus determining whether the staff has the right to be transferred in the event of a transfer of a sub contract.
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| 4. |
- Carbone, Dina, et al.
(författare)
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Design and performance of a dedicated coherent X-ray scanning diffraction instrument at beamline NanoMAX of MAX IV
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - 1600-5775. ; 29, s. 876-887
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The diffraction endstation of the NanoMAX beamline is designed to provide high-flux coherent X-ray nano-beams for experiments requiring many degrees of freedom for sample and detector. The endstation is equipped with high-efficiency Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror focusing optics and a two-circle goniometer supporting a positioning and scanning device, designed to carry a compact sample environment. A robot is used as a detector arm. The endstation, in continued development, has been in user operation since summer 2017.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Carlson, Annika
(författare)
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Electrochemical properties of alternative polymer electrolytes in fuel cells
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fuel cells, using hydrogen as energy carrier, allow chemically‑stored energy to be utilized for many applications, including balancing the electrical grid and the propulsion of vehicles. To make the fuel cell technology more accessible and promote a sustainable energy society, this thesis focuses on alternative polymer electrolytes, as they can potentially lead to a lower cost and a more environmentally‑friendly fuel cell. The main subject is anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), for which the importance of gas diffusion electrode morphology and platinum electrode reactions are investigated. Properties of the membrane such as water flux during operation are evaluated. Furthermore, novel polymer electrolytes are studied: variations of poly(phenylene oxide)‑based membranes in AEMFCs; and cellulose‑based membranes in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The AEMFC results show that the performance is dependent on the electrode morphology. Electrochemical experiments in a hydrogen/hydrogen cell combined with modelling show that the hydrogen oxidation reaction proceeds through the Tafel‑Volmer reaction pathway on platinum. Application of the model in a hydrogen/oxygen cell shows that the cathode has the slowest reaction rate. During operation, the water flux through the membrane is directed from the anode where water is produced to the cathode where it is consumed. This leads to an increase in water content at both electrodes, which implies that electrode flooding is more likely than dry‑out during operation. The effect of membrane thickness on water flux is shown to be larger than the effect of polymer structure for several different types of poly(phenylene oxide)‑based membranes. The comparison of these polymers also indicates that a high conductivity, for the relative humidity achieved in a fuel cell, promotes increased performance. Finally, the study of cellulose-based membranes in a PEMFC shows that cellulose as a renewable, natural polymer has promising properties, such as stable conductivity for relative humidities above 65 % and a low gas permeability.
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| 8. |
- Carlson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Electrode parameters and operating conditions influencing the performance of anion exchange membrane fuel cells
- 2018
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 277, s. 151-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A deeper understanding of porous electrode preparation and performance losses is necessary to advance the anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) technology. This study has investigated the performance losses at 50 °C for varied: Tokuyama AS-4 ionomer content in the catalyst layer, Pt/C loading and catalyst layer thickness at the anode and cathode, relative humidity, and anode catalyst. The prepared gas diffusion electrodes in the interval of ionomer-to-Pt/C weight ratio of 0.4–0.8 or 29–44 wt% ionomer content show the highest performance. Varying the loading and catalyst layer thickness simultaneously shows that both the cathode and the anode influence the cell performance. The effects of the two electrodes are shown to vary with current density and this is assumed to be due to non-uniform current distribution throughout the electrodes. Further, lowering the relative humidity at the anode and cathode separately shows small performance losses for both electrodes that could be related to lowered ionomer conductivity. Continued studies are needed to optimize, and understand limitations of, each of the two electrodes to obtain improved cell performance.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Carlson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Fuel cell evaluation of anion exchange membranes based on poly(phenylene oxide) with different cationic group placement
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainable Energy & Fuels. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2398-4902. ; 4:5, s. 2274-2283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four novel poly(phenylene oxide)-based anion exchange membranes were investigated for electrochemical performance, ionic conductivity and water transport properties in an operating anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC), using Pt/C gas diffusion electrodes with Tokuyama ionomer. The poly(phenylene oxide)-membranes have a 1- or 5-carbon alkyl spacer between the backbone and a trimethylalkylammonium (TMA) or piperidinium (Pip) cationic group, and ion-exchange capacities (IECs) between 1.5 and 1.9 mequiv g(-1). The polymer with a 5-carbon alkyl spacer, a TMA cationic group, and a higher IEC showed the highest ion conductivity and performance in the AEMFC. The results also show that introducing a 5-carbon alkyl spacer does not improve performance unless the IEC is increased and that exchanging the TMA with a Pip cationic group results in lower fuel cell performance despite a higher IEC. A discrepancy in ion conductivity between fuel cell and ex situ test was observed for the 5-carbon spacer polymers and is attributed to a higher sensitivity for dehydration. Similar water flux under load, from the anode to the cathode with increased water content at both electrodes, was observed for all membranes and only varied with membrane thickness. The deviation in fuel cell performance observed between the membranes could not be explained by differences in water flux or ionic conduction, suggesting that the electrode-membrane interaction plays a major role. Nevertheless, the study emphasizes that high membrane conductivity (for the lambda-range in a fuel cell) and efficient water transport (obtained by lower membrane thickness) promote higher electrochemical performance.
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| 11. |
- Carlson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Fuel cell evaluation of anion exchange membranes based on poly(phenylene oxide) with different cationic group placement
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainable Energy & Fuels. - 2398-4902. ; 4:5, s. 2274-2283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four novel poly(phenylene oxide)-based anion exchange membranes were investigated for electrochemical performance, ionic conductivity and water transport properties in an operating anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) , using Pt/C gas diffusion electrodes with Tokuyama ionomer. The poly(phenylene oxide)-membranes have a 1- or 5-carbon alkyl spacer between the backbone and a trimethylalkylammonium (TMA) or piperidinium (Pip) cationic group, and ion-exchange capacities (IECs) between 1.5 and 1.9 mequiv g-1. The polymer with a 5-carbon alkyl spacer, a TMA cationic group, and a higher IEC showed the highest ion conductivity and performance in the AEMFC. The results also show that introducing a 5-carbon alkyl spacer does not improve performance unless the IEC is increased and that exchanging the TMA with a Pip cationic group results in lower fuel cell performance despite a higher IEC. A discrepancy in ion conductivity between fuel cell and ex-situ test was observed for the 5-carbon spacer polymers and is attributed to a higher sensitivity for dehydration. Similar water flux under load, from the anode to the cathode with increased water content at both electrodes, was observed for all membranes and only varied with membrane thickness. The deviation in fuel cell performance observed between the membranes could not be explained by differences in water flux or ionic conduction, suggesting that the electrodes – membrane interaction plays a major role. Nevertheless, the study emphasizes that high membrane conductivity (for the λ-range in a fuel cell) and an efficient water transport (obtained by lower membrane thickness) promote higher electrochemical performance.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Carlson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Kinetic parameters in anion-exchange membrane fuel cells
- 2019
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Ingår i: ECS Transactions. - : Electrochemical Society Inc.. - 1938-6737 .- 1938-5862. - 9781607685395 ; , s. 649-659
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding limitations in an operating AEMFC is essential to .enhance the technology. Here the electrode processes are studied experimentally as well as by two physics-based models taking the porosity of the electrodes into account. The aim is to use the models to determine kinetic parameters specific for in-situ operation. The models can also be used to explain the experimental .behavior. From the impedance model of a symmetric H2/H2 cell it is shown that the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) proceeds through the Tafel-Volmer reaction pathway, with the hydrogen adsorption as the slower reaction step. Based on the HOR model a •steady-state model of an O2/H2 cell is used to evaluate data from 14 experimental I-V curves, obtained for different gas partial pressures and catalyst loadings, in order to study the effects of the oxygen reduction reaction and overall cell limitations. The results show that the oxygen reduction reaction kinetics limit the cell performance for low current densities. However, at higher currents the uneven current distribution and locally low hydrogen adsorption at the anode increasingly affect the overall performance. Uneven current distribution is also observed at the cathode and likely caused by insufficient effective ionomer conductivity.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Carlson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Porous electrode optimization in anion-exchange membrane fuel cells
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th European Fuel Cell - Piero Lunghi Conference, EFC 2015. - : ENEA. - 9788882863241 ; , s. 221-222
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of anion-exchange membrane fuel cells is highly dependent on electrode preparation. This study has investigated the influence of water content and catalyst to ionomer ratio in the electrode ink on in-situ fuel cell performance and the electrode microstructure using SEM. It has shown that changing the solvent composition affects the electrode properties. Higher water content in ink results in a lower power density. An increase in water content from 40 to 70 vol% shows a 500 mA/cm2 drop in current density. SEM analysis of newly prepared electrodes revealed an observable difference in the microstructure. This indicates that for high water volume the ionomer distribution in the electrode is very uneven. The results also indicate that lower ionomer content in the bulk of the structure lowers the cell performance, which may be explained by limited hydroxide transportation.
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| 17. |
- Carlson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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The Hydrogen Electrode Reaction in the Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 168:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hydrogen electrode in the anion-exchange membrane fuel cell needs further attention to understand the overall cell limitations. In this study, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanodynamic measurements in combination with a physics-based model are used to determine the kinetic parameters of the hydrogen oxidation reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction on Pt/C porous gas-diffusion electrodes in an AEMFC. Two semicircles are observed in the Nyquist plot of a symmetrical AEM hydrogen cell, indicating a two-step reaction pathway. The fit of the model shows that the Tafel-Volmer pathway describes the kinetics better than the Heyrovsky-Volmer pathway. The reaction rates of the adsorption and charge transfer steps are similar in magnitude implying that both need consideration during modeling and evaluation of the hydrogen electrode. Furthermore, the performance is limited also by the ionic conductivity in the electrode. Comparison of the impedance of the HOR and a hydrogen/oxygen AEMFC indicates that the low-frequency semicircle is mainly associated with the oxygen reduction reaction and the cathode, while the high-frequency semicircle is likely related to a combination of the anode and the cathode. Based on this work, a platform for further studies of losses and total impedance of operating AEMFC has been created.
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| 18. |
- Carlson, Marie, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Giris.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Çokkültürlü Toplumlarda Egitim – Türkiye ve Isveç’ten Örnekler. Derleyenler (Eds) Marie Carlson, Annika Rabo & Fatma Gök.. - Istanbul : Istanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayinlari. - 9786053991397 ; , s. 1-24
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
- Carlson, Marie, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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”Introduction” i Education in ’Multicultural’ Societies. Turkish and Swedish Perspectives.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Education in ’Multicultural’ Societies. Turkish and Swedish Perspectives. Eds. Marie, Carlson, Fatma Gök & Annika Rabo. Transactions vol. 18. Stockholm: Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul.. - Stockholm : Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul. - 1100-0333. ; Vol. 18, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
- Carlson, Marie, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Introduktion
- 2008
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Ingår i: Uppdrag mångfald – Lärarutbildning i omvandling. Red. Marie Carlson & Annika Rabo. Umeå: Boréa Bokförlag. ; , s. 11-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Duffy, Stephen W., et al.
(författare)
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Mammography screening reduces rates of advanced and fatal breast cancers : Results in 549,091 women
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0008-543X .- 1097-0142. ; 126:13, s. 2971-2979
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is of paramount importance to evaluate the impact of participation in organized mammography service screening independently from changes in breast cancer treatment. This can be done by measuring the incidence of fatal breast cancer, which is based on the date of diagnosis and not on the date of death.Methods: Among 549,091 women, covering approximately 30% of the Swedish screening‐eligible population, the authors calculated the incidence rates of 2473 breast cancers that were fatal within 10 years after diagnosis and the incidence rates of 9737 advanced breast cancers. Data regarding each breast cancer diagnosis and the cause and date of death of each breast cancer case were gathered from national Swedish registries. Tumor characteristics were collected from regional cancer centers. Aggregated data concerning invitation and participation were provided by Sectra Medical Systems AB. Incidence rates were analyzed using Poisson regression.Results: Women who participated in mammography screening had a statistically significant 41% reduction in their risk of dying of breast cancer within 10 years (relative risk, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.51‐0.68 [P < .001]) and a 25% reduction in the rate of advanced breast cancers (relative risk, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.66‐0.84 [P < .001]).Conclusions: Substantial reductions in the incidence rate of breast cancers that were fatal within 10 years after diagnosis and in the advanced breast cancer rate were found in this contemporaneous comparison of women participating versus those not participating in screening. These benefits appeared to be independent of recent changes in treatment regimens.
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| 23. |
- Eriksson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying water transport in anion exchange membrane fuel cells
- 2019
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 44:10, s. 4930-4939
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sufficient water transport through the membrane is necessary for a well-performing anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC). In this study, the water flux through a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), using a Tokuyama A201 membrane, is quantified using humidity sensors at the in- and outlet on both sides of the MEA. Experiments performed in humidified inert gas at both sides of the MEA or with liquid water at one side shows that the aggregation state of water has a large impact on the transport properties. The water fluxes are shown to be approximately three times larger for a membrane in contact with liquid water compared to vaporous. Further, the flux during fuel cell operation is investigated and shows that the transport rate of water in the membrane is affected by an applied current. The water vapor content increases on both the anode and cathode side of the AEMFC for all investigated current densities. Through modeling, an apparent water drag coefficient is determined to −0.64, indicating that the current-induced transport of water occurs in the opposite direction to the transport of hydroxide ions. These results implicate that flooding, on one or both electrodes, is a larger concern than dry-out in an AEMFC.
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| 24. |
- Eriksson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Shut-down cycles as accelerated degradation tests of metallic bipolar plates in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
- 2017
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Ingår i: EFC 2017 - Proceedings of the 7th European Fuel Cell Piero Lunghi Conference. - : ENEA. ; , s. 169-170
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lifetime of coated stainless steel bipolar plates (BPPs) is investigated using shutdown strategies as an accelerated degradation test (ADT). The effect of 1550 shutdowns is evaluated from contact resistance measurements and from cyclic voltammetry. The results show that the bipolar plate is not affected by the ADT, however, the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is adversely affected. The cathode catalyst layer is severely reduced during the cycling, causing performance loss. The results show that air purge shutdown cycling for 1550 cycles is not an effective ADT for BPP.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Grimler, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of Kinetic Parameters for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Platinum in an AEMFC
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 168:12, s. 124501-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To promote the development of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC), an understanding of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics in porous gas diffusion electrodes is essential. In this work, experimental polarisation curves for electrodes with different platinum catalyst loadings and oxygen partial pressures at the cathode are fitted to a physics-based porous electrode model in the voltage range from open circuit voltage (OCV) to 0.7 V. Polarisation curves measured with different anode catalyst loadings, and hydrogen partial pressures, were used to verify the model. The reactions are described using a two-step Tafel-Volmer pathway at the anode and concentration-dependent Butler-Volmer kinetics at the cathode. A good fit to experimental data in the kinetic region is obtained with an exchange current density of 1.0.10(-8)Acm(-2), a first order dependency on oxygen partial pressure, and a charge transfer coefficient of 0.8 for the ORR. For lower oxygen partial pressure, hydrogen crossover is needed to explain the downward shift of the polarisation curves in the kinetic region. In the experimental data, the polarisation curves show an apparent limiting current density at lower hydrogen partial pressures, explained by the lower rate of the Tafel step at these conditions.
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| 27. |
- Grimler, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling electrode and membrane processes in an anion-exchange membrane fuel cell
- 2017
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Ingår i: EFC 2017 - Proceedings of the 7th European Fuel Cell Piero Lunghi Conference. - : ENEA. ; , s. 127-128
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To better understand which processes that limits the performance in an anion-exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC), a physical performance model has been developed. The model considers a tertiary current distribution and is validated against experimental results. The results show that both the anode and the cathode contributes to significant polarisation in the system.
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| 28. |
- Guccini, Valentina, et al.
(författare)
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Highly proton conductive membranes based on carboxylated cellulose nanofibres and their performance in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 7:43, s. 25032-25039
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of thin carboxylated cellulose nanofiber-based (CNF) membranes as proton exchange membranes in fuel cells has been measured in situ as a function of CNF surface charge density (600 and 1550 μmol g−1), counterion (H+ or Na+), membrane thickness and fuel cell relative humidity (RH 55 to 95%). The structural evolution of the membranes as a function of RH, as measured by Small Angle X-ray Scattering, shows that water channels are formed only above 75% RH. The amount of absorbed water was shown to depend on the membrane surface charge and counter ions (H+ or Na+). The high affinity of CNF for water and the high aspect ratio of the nanofibers, together with a well-defined and homogenous membrane structure, ensures a proton conductivity exceeding 1 mS cm−1 at 30 °C between 65 and 95% RH. This is two orders of magnitude larger than previously reported values for cellulose materials and only one order of magnitude lower than Nafion 212. Moreover, the CNF membranes are characterized by a lower hydrogen crossover than Nafion, despite being ≈30% thinner. Thanks to their environmental compatibility and promising fuel cell performance the CNF membranes should be considered for new generation proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Guccini, Valentina, et al.
(författare)
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Highly proton conductive membranes based on carboxylated cellulose nanofibres and their performance in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 7:43, s. 25032-25039
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of thin carboxylated cellulose nanofiber-based (CNF) membranes as proton exchange membranes in fuel cells has been measured in situ as a function of CNF surface charge density (600 and 1550 mu mol g(-1)), counterion (H+ or Na+), membrane thickness and fuel cell relative humidity (RH 55 to 95%). The structural evolution of the membranes as a function of RH, as measured by Small Angle X-ray Scattering, shows that water channels are formed only above 75% RH. The amount of absorbed water was shown to depend on the membrane surface charge and counter ions (H+ or Na+). The high affinity of CNF for water and the high aspect ratio of the nanofibers, together with a well-defined and homogenous membrane structure, ensures a proton conductivity exceeding 1 mS cm(-1) at 30 degrees C between 65 and 95% RH. This is two orders of magnitude larger than previously reported values for cellulose materials and only one order of magnitude lower than Nafion 212. Moreover, the CNF membranes are characterized by a lower hydrogen crossover than Nafion, despite being approximate to 30% thinner. Thanks to their environmental compatibility and promising fuel cell performance the CNF membranes should be considered for new generation proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
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| 31. |
- Hagman, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Teknisk utveckling och beteende och påverkan på behov av infrastruktur
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna slutrapport är resultatet av ett direktuppdrag som tilldelades RISE Research Institute of Sweden AB, efter avrop från ramavtal, av Energimyndigheten i maj 2023. Direktuppdraget är en delmängd av regeringsuppdraget ”Handlingsprogram för laddinfrastruktur och tankinfrastruktur för vätgas”. Uppdraget har genomförts av tre forskare från RISE under perioden juni till augusti år 2023 med en total budget på 250 029 kr. Det huvudsakliga syftet har varit att belysa sex teknik- och användartrender inom elektromobilitet som har potential att påverka utbyggnadsbehovet av laddinfrastruktur och tankinfrastruktur för vätgas. De sex teknik- och användartrenderna som identifierats är: Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), batteribyten, laddhybrider 2.0, batteristorlek, bilpooler och vätgas. Teknik- och användartrenderna har analyserats individuellt genom omvärldsanalys där marknads- och teknikmognad, ledande länder/regioner och företag samt aktuell forskning är huvudsakliga källor. Vidare har varje teknik- och användartrend analyserats utifrån deras möjliga påverkan på utbyggnadsbehovet av laddinfrastruktur eller tankinfrastruktur för vätgas. I rapporten används begreppen DC snabbladdning och AC destinationsladdning. DC snabbladdning utgår ifrån EU:s definition vilket inkluderar DC laddning över 50 kW, i denna rapport innefattas även DC laddning över 150 kW vilket av EU benämns som Ultrasnabbladdning1. AC destinationsladdning syftar i denna rapport på AC laddning på upp till 22 kW, vilket av EU klassificeras som långsam (upp till 7,4 kW) och mediumsnabb AC laddning2. Arbetet bör ses som en övergripande nulägesbild över hur dessa teknik- och användartrender har utvecklats och en preliminär kvalitativ bedömning av dess möjliga påverkan på Sveriges framtida behov av infrastruktur för laddning och vätgas. För huvuddelen av teknik- och användartrenderna råder alltjämt stor osäkerhet kring framtida utveckling och den möjliga påverkan på utbyggnadsbehovet av laddinfrastruktur och tankinfrastruktur för vätgas. Området har hittills fått lite uppmärksamhet i den vetenskapliga litteraturen. Rapporten är uppdelad i sex kapitel, ett kapitel per teknik- och användartrend.
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| 32. |
- Hjorth, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Thalidomide and dexamethasone vs. bortezomib and dexamethasone for melphalan refractory myeloma: a randomized study.
- 2012
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Ingår i: European journal of haematology. - : Wiley. - 0902-4441 .- 1600-0609. ; 88:6, s. 485-496
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: Thalidomide and bortezomib have been frequently used for second-line therapy in patients with myeloma relapsing after or refractory to initial melphalan-based treatment, but no randomized trials have been published comparing these two treatment alternatives. Methods: Thalidomide- and bortezomib-naïve patients with melphalan refractory myeloma were randomly assigned to low-dose thalidomide + dexamethasone (Thal-Dex) or bortezomib + dexamethasone (Bort-Dex). At progression on either therapy, the patients were offered crossover to the alternative drug combination. An estimated 300 patients would be needed for the trial to detect a 50% difference in median PFS between the treatment arms. Results: After inclusion of 131 patients, the trial was prematurely closed because of low accrual. Sixty-seven patients were randomized to Thal-Dex and 64 to Bort-Dex. Progression-free survival was similar (median, 9.0 months for Thal-Dex and 7.2 for Bort-Dex). Response rate was similar (55% for Thal-Dex and 63% for Bort-Dex), but time to response was shorter (P < 0.05) and the VGPR rate higher (P < 0.01) for Bort-Dex. Time-to-other treatment after crossover was similar (median, 13.2 months for Thal-Dex and 11.2 months for Bort-Dex), as was overall survival (22.8 months for Thal-Dex and 19.0 for Bort-Dex). Venous thromboembolism was seen in seven patients and cerebrovascular events in four patients in the Thal-Dex group. Severe neuropathy, reactivation of herpes virus infections, and mental depression were more frequently observed in the Bort-Dex group. In the quality-of-life analysis, no difference was noted for physical function, pain, and global quality of life. Fatigue and sleep disturbances were significantly more prevalent in the Bort-Dex group. Conclusions: Thalidomide (50–100 mg daily) in combination with dexamethasone seems to have an efficacy comparable with that of bortezomib and dexamethasone in melphalan refractory myeloma. However, the statistical strength of the results in this study is limited by the low number of included patients.
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| 33. |
- Huyghe, Jeroen R., et al.
(författare)
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Discovery of common and rare genetic risk variants for colorectal cancer
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 51:1, s. 76-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To further dissect the genetic architecture of colorectal cancer (CRC), we performed whole-genome sequencing of 1,439 cases and 720 controls, imputed discovered sequence variants and Haplotype Reference Consortium panel variants into genome-wide association study data, and tested for association in 34,869 cases and 29,051 controls. Findings were followed up in an additional 23,262 cases and 38,296 controls. We discovered a strongly protective 0.3% frequency variant signal at CHD1. In a combined meta-analysis of 125,478 individuals, we identified 40 new independent signals at P < 5 x 10(-8), bringing the number of known independent signals for CRC to similar to 100. New signals implicate lower-frequency variants, Kruppel-like factors, Hedgehog signaling, Hippo-YAP signaling, long noncoding RNAs and somatic drivers, and support a role for immune function. Heritability analyses suggest that CRC risk is highly polygenic, and larger, more comprehensive studies enabling rare variant analysis will improve understanding of biology underlying this risk and influence personalized screening strategies and drug development.
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| 34. |
- Jägerbrand, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Potential för en energieffektivare väg- och gatubelysning : jämförelser mellan dimning och olika typer av ljuskällor
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För att minska energianvändning och kostnader för väg- och gatubelysning är det av vikt att ha en såenergieffektiv belysning som möjligt och att den huvudsakliga funktionen fortfarande upprätthålls.Målen med projektet var att ta fram grunddata för olika åtgärder som leder till en energieffektivisering avväg- och gatubelysningsnätet och att undersöka hur användning av dimning och olika ljuskällor påverkarsynbarhet såsom den uppfattas av människor. Denna studie visar att flera av de befintliga belysningsanläggningarnasom är undersökta har potential att minska sin energiförbrukning genom att sänkaeffekten och ändå uppfylla de krav som ställs utifrån trafiksäkerhetssynpunkt, detta eftersom medelluminansmätningaroch medelbelysningsstyrkemätningarna vi genomfört visar att värdena hamnaremellan de klasser som det i dagsläget finns rekommendationer om att följa. I denna studie redovisasfyra olika typer av dimningsschema utifrån olika förutsättningar där besparingarna i kWh/år ligger påmellan 19–50 %. Våra resultat från en webbenkät baserad på fotografier från vägar med olikavägbelysning visar att svaren inte var entydiga när det gällde bäst synbarhet mellan ljuskällorna.Däremot visar undersökningen att betydligt fler (62,4–71,6 %) väljer keramisk metallhalogen somvägbelysning framför högtrycksnatrium ifall de skulle köra bil för att känna sig mest bekväma, oavsett avstånd.
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| 35. |
- Lampinen, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Downregulated eosinophil activity in ulcerative colitis with concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Leukocyte Biology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0741-5400 .- 1938-3673. ; 104:1, s. 173-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic bile duct inflammation strongly connected to ulcerative colitis (UC). PSC is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer, but the link between the intestinal and the bile duct inflammation is still unknown. Also, the involvement of intestinal immune cells in the pathogenesis of PSC remains to be determined. The eosinophil granulocyte is one of the immune cells implicated in the inflammatory process of ulcerative colitis. This study was performed to determine how the accumulation and activation of intestinal eosinophils may differ between UC with and without concomitant PSC, and how this may be influenced by the cytokine/chemokine profile of the intestinal compartment. Eosinophils from peripheral blood and multiple parts of the colon were analyzed by flow cytometry. The intestinal level of inflammatory mediators was assessed using a multiplex proximity extension assay and a quantitative immunoassay. We found that colonic eosinophils were more abundant in both UC and PSC-UC compared with controls, but that their expression of activation markers was significantly increased in UC only. The colonic level of pro-inflammatory cytokines was increased in active UC but not in PSC-UC. In conclusion, we show for the first time that eosinophil activation phenotype discriminates between UC and PSC-UC, and that this may depend on the local cytokine profile of the colonic mucosa. Lower expression of activation markers on eosinophils in UC with concomitant PSC may depend on the local protein profile of the colonic mucosa.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Lampinen, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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High Serum sCD40 and a Distinct Colonic T Cell Profile in Ulcerative Colitis Associated With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Crohn's & Colitis. - : Oxford University Press. - 1873-9946 .- 1876-4479. ; 13:3, s. 341-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims: There is a strong association between primary sclerosing cholangitis [PSC] and ulcerative colitis [UC], but the immunological link between the two diseases is obscure. We compared serum cytokine profiles of patients with PSC-UC and UC, and investigated a number of selected cytokines in colonic biopsy samples. We also assessed the presence and activation of T cells in peripheral blood and colonic mucosa.Methods: Serum samples from 22 patients with PSC-UC, 28 patients with UC, and 19 controls were analysed by a proximity extension assay including 92 inflammatory cytokines. Biopsies from caecum, sigmoid colon, and rectum were collected from the same patients. Quantitative analysis for IFN-, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17A/ E/F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, and IL-27 was carried out on tissue homogenates. T cell phenotype was evaluated by flow cytometry.Results: By multivariate analysis we identified a cluster of serum cytokines with higher levels in PSC-UC, and sCD40 in particular was strongly associated with this patient group. In contrast, colonic cytokines were only modestly increased in PSC-UC, whereas several Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-associated cytokines were increased in UC. Patients with PSC-UC had increased colonic levels of CXCR3-positive CD8(+) T cells but fewer CD25-positive CD4(+) T cells. An increased CRTH2/CXCR3-quote indicated a predominance of Th-2 type CD4(+) T cells in UC patients.Conclusions: Our study reveals different cytokine profiles and T cell profiles in PSC-UC and UC, with higher systemic levels of cytokines in PSC-UC, and a more pronounced colonic inflammation in UC. Serum sCD40 could potentially be investigated as a marker for PSC in UC.
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| 38. |
- Rabo, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Introduktion
- 2008
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Ingår i: Uppdrag mångfald. - : Boréa förlag, Umeå. - 9789189140592
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Ramberg, Christina, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Rättskällor : en introduktion i kritiskt tänkande
- 2018
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna bok syftar till att hjälpa studenter som är nya på juristprogrammetatt förhålla sig kritiskt till rättskällor genom att förklaravarje rättskällas styrkor och svagheter samt hur rättskällorna samverkar.Boken behandlar:• Författningar• Rättspraxis• Förarbeten• Handelsbruk• Analogier och motsatsslut• Soft law och vägledande råd• Juridisk litteratur• Utländsk rätt• Grundläggande principer och fria lämplighetsöverväganden
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| 41. |
- Ramberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Rättskällor: En introduktion i kritiskt tänkande
- 2018
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna bok syftar till att hjälpa studenter som är nya på juristprogrammet att förhålla sig kritiskt till rättskällor genom att förklara varje rättskällas styrkor och svagheter samt hur rättskällorna samverkar.
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| 42. |
- Schmit, Stephanie L, et al.
(författare)
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Novel Common Genetic Susceptibility Loci for Colorectal Cancer.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 111:2, s. 146-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 42 loci (P < 5 × 10-8) associated with risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Expanded consortium efforts facilitating the discovery of additional susceptibility loci may capture unexplained familial risk.Methods: We conducted a GWAS in European descent CRC cases and control subjects using a discovery-replication design, followed by examination of novel findings in a multiethnic sample (cumulative n = 163 315). In the discovery stage (36 948 case subjects/30 864 control subjects), we identified genetic variants with a minor allele frequency of 1% or greater associated with risk of CRC using logistic regression followed by a fixed-effects inverse variance weighted meta-analysis. All novel independent variants reaching genome-wide statistical significance (two-sided P < 5 × 10-8) were tested for replication in separate European ancestry samples (12 952 case subjects/48 383 control subjects). Next, we examined the generalizability of discovered variants in East Asians, African Americans, and Hispanics (12 085 case subjects/22 083 control subjects). Finally, we examined the contributions of novel risk variants to familial relative risk and examined the prediction capabilities of a polygenic risk score. All statistical tests were two-sided.Results: The discovery GWAS identified 11 variants associated with CRC at P < 5 × 10-8, of which nine (at 4q22.2/5p15.33/5p13.1/6p21.31/6p12.1/10q11.23/12q24.21/16q24.1/20q13.13) independently replicated at a P value of less than .05. Multiethnic follow-up supported the generalizability of discovery findings. These results demonstrated a 14.7% increase in familial relative risk explained by common risk alleles from 10.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.9% to 13.7%; known variants) to 11.9% (95% CI = 9.2% to 15.5%; known and novel variants). A polygenic risk score identified 4.3% of the population at an odds ratio for developing CRC of at least 2.0.Conclusions: This study provides insight into the architecture of common genetic variation contributing to CRC etiology and improves risk prediction for individualized screening.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Tabar, Laszlo, et al.
(författare)
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Early detection of breast cancer rectifies inequality of breast cancer outcomes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Screening. - : Sage Publications. - 0969-1413 .- 1475-5793. ; 28:1, s. 34-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To explain apparent differences among mammography screening services in Sweden using individual data on participation in screening and with breast cancer-specific survival as an outcome.Methods: We analysed breast cancer survival data from the Swedish Cancer Register on breast cancer cases from nine Swedish counties diagnosed in women eligible for screening. Data were available on 38,278 breast cancers diagnosed and 4312 breast cancer deaths. Survival to death from breast cancer was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier estimate, for all cases in each county, and separately for cases of women participating and not participating in their last invitation to screening. Formal statistical comparisons of survival were made using proportional hazards regression.Results: All counties showed a reduction in the hazard of breast cancer death with participation in screening, but the reductions for individual counties varied substantially, ranging from 51% (95% confidence interval 46-55%) to 81% (95% confidence interval 74-85%). Survival rates in nonparticipating women ranged from 53% (95% confidence interval 40-65%) to 74% (95% confidence interval 72-77%), while the corresponding survival in women participating in screening varied from 80% (95% confidence interval 77-84%) to 86% (95% confidence interval 83-88%), a considerably narrower range.Conclusions: Differences among counties in the effect of screening on breast cancer outcomes were mainly due to variation in survival in women not participating in screening. Screening conferred similarly high survival rates in all counties. This indicates that the performance of screening services was similar across counties and that detection and treatment of breast cancer in early-stage reduces inequalities in breast cancer outcome.
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