| 1. |
- Carlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Gross and delta efficiencies during uphill running and cycling among elite triathletes.
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 120:5, s. 961-968
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To investigate the gross efficiency (GE) and delta efficiency (DE) during cycling and running in elite triathletes.METHODS: Five male and five female elite triathletes completed two incremental treadmill tests with an inclination of 2.5° to determine their GE and DE during cycling and running. The speed increments between the 5-min stages were 2.4 and 0.6 km h-1 during the cycling and running tests, respectively. For each test, GE was calculated as the ratio between the mechanical work rate (MWR) and the metabolic rate (MR) at an intensity corresponding to a net increase in blood-lactate concentration of 1 mmol l-1. DE was calculated by dividing the delta increase in MWR by the delta increase in MR for each test. Pearson correlations and paired-sample t tests were used to investigate the relationships and differences, respectively.RESULTS: There was a correlation between GEcycle and GErun (r = 0.66; P = 0.038; R2 = 0.44), but the correlation between DEcycle and DErun was not statistically significant (r = - 0.045; P = 0.90; R2 = 0.0020). There were differences between GEcycle and GErun (t = 80.8; P < 0.001) as well as between DEcycle and DErun (t = 27.8; P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Elite triathletes with high GE during running also have high GE during cycling, when exercising at a treadmill inclination of 2.5°. For a moderate uphill incline, elite triathletes are more energy efficient during cycling than during running, independent of work rate.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Swenne, C.L., et al.
(författare)
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Patients' experiences of mediastinitis after coronary artery bypass graft procedure
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. - 1401-7431 ; 41:4, s. 255-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few studies have focussed on patients' experiences of and suffering due to mediastinitis following Coronary Artery by-pass Graft ( CABG). Mediastinitis creates a complex and invasive experience for the patient with prolonged hospitalisation, and would be expected to be a significant stressor. The aim of the present study was to capture patients' experiences of the medical and nursing care they received for mediastinitis following CABG. Content analysis revealed three themes with regard to how the patients coped with the stress and threats of mediastinitis and its treatment and how they thought it would influence their future life. A first theme centred on physical and psychological discomfort and impact on autonomy. The staff's medical knowledge and the quality of nursing care as well as the patients' understanding of the situation influenced their experience. A second theme was how patients dealt with perceived danger and stress. Coping strategies such as problem solving, information seeking, dissociation, distraction, minimisation and expression of emotion were used to handle the situations. The third theme comprised the patients' belief that the mediastinitis would not affect the outcome of the CABG procedure, even though their confidence in this was influenced by uncertainty about the rehabilitation process.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Adolfsson, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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A system for remote dosimetry audit of 3D-CRT, IMRT and VMAT based on lithium formate dosimetry
- 2014
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 113:2, s. 279-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this work was to develop and test a remote end-to-end audit system using lithium formate EPR dosimeters. Four clinics were included in a pilot study, absorbed doses determined in the PTV agreed with TPS calculated doses within ±5% for 3D-CRT and ±7% (k=1) for IMRT/VMAT dose plans.
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| 6. |
- Adolfsson, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of signal fading in lithium formate EPR dosimeters using a new sensitive method
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0031-9155 .- 1361-6560. ; 57:8, s. 2209-2217
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate signal fading in lithium formate electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimeters used for clinical applications in radiotherapy. A new experimental method for determination of signal fading, designed to resolve small changes in signal from slowly decaying unstable radicals, was used. Possible signal fading in lithium formate due to different storage temperatures was also tested. Air humidity was kept at a constant level of 33% throughout the experiments. The conclusion drawn from the investigations was that the EPR signal from lithium formate is stable during at least 1 month after irradiation and is not sensitive to variations in storage temperature andlt;40 degrees C when kept at a relative air humidity of 33%. This makes lithium formate a suitable dosimeter for transfer dosimetry in clinical audits.
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| 7. |
- Adolfsson, Emelie, 1985-
(författare)
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Lithium formate EPR dosimetry for accurate measurements of absorbed dose in radiotherapy
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lithium formate has shown to be a material with properties suitable for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry, among them up to 7 times higher sensitivity compared to alanine, which is a well-established EPR detector material for dose determinations in radiotherapy.The aim of this thesis was to further investigate the properties of lithium formate and develop the dosimetry system towards applications in radiotherapy. The intrinsic efficiency for energies of relevance to brachytherapy and the signal stability were investigated. The dosimetry system was expanded to include a smaller dosimeter model, suitable for measurements in dose gradient regions. An individual sensitivity correction method was applied to the smaller dosimeters to be able to perform dose determinations with the same precision as for the larger ones. EPR dosimetry in general is time consuming and effort was spent to optimize the signal readout procedure regarding measurement time and measurement precision.The system was applied in two clinical applications chosen for their high demands on the dosimetry system: 1) a dosimetry audit for external photon beam therapy and 2) dose verification measurements around a low energy HDR brachytherapy source.The conclusions drawn from this thesis were: dose determinations can be performed with a standard uncertainty of 1.8-2.5% using both the original size dosimeters and the new developed smaller ones. The dosimetry system is robust and useful for applications when high measurement precision and accuracy is prioritized. It is a good candidate for dosimetry audits, both in external beam therapy and brachytherapy.
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| 8. |
- Adolfsson, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of absorbed dose to water around an electronic brachytherapy source : Comparison of two dosimetry systems: lithium formate EPR dosimeters and radiochromic EBT2 film
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0031-9155 .- 1361-6560. ; 60:9, s. 3869-3882
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interest in high dose rate (HDR) electronic brachytherapy operating at 50 kV is increasing. For quality assurance it is important to identify dosimetry systems that can measure the absorbed doses in absolute terms which is difficult in this energy region. In this work a comparison is made between two dosimetry systems, EPR lithium formate dosimeters and radiochromic EBT2 film.Both types of dosimeters were irradiated simultaneously in a PMMA phantom using the Axxent EBS. Absorbed dose to water was determined at distances of 10 mm, 30 mm and 50 mm from the EBS. Results were traceable to different primary standards as regards to absorbed dose to water (EPR) and air kerma (EBT2). Monte Carlo simulations were used in absolute terms as a third estimate of absorbed dose to water.Agreement within the estimated expanded (k = 2) uncertainties (5% (EPR), 7% (EBT2)) was found between the results at 30 mm and 50 mm from the x-ray source. The same result was obtained in 4 repetitions of irradiation, indicating high precision in the measurements with both systems. At all distances, agreement between EPR and Monte Carlo simulations was shown as was also the case for the film measurements at 30mm and 50mm. At 10mm the geometry for the film measurements caused too large uncertainty in measured values depending on the exact position (within sub-mm distances) of the EBS and the 10 mm film results were exculded from comparison.This work has demonstrated good performance of the lithium formate EPR dosimetry system in accordance with earlier experiments at higher photon energies (192Ir HDR brachytherapy). It was also highlighted that there might be issues regarding the energy dependence and intrinsic efficiency of the EBT2 film that need to be considered for measurements using low energy sources.
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| 9. |
- Adolfsson, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Optimisation of an EPR dosimetry system for robust and high precision dosimetry
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Radiation Measurements. - : Elsevier. - 1350-4487 .- 1879-0925. ; 70, s. 21-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical applications of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry systems demand high accuracy causing time consuming analysis. The need for high spatial resolution dose measurements in regions with steep dose gradients demands small sized dosimeters. An optimization of the analysis was therefore needed to limit the time consumption. The aim of this work was to introduce a new smaller lithium formate dosimeter model (diameter reduced from standard diameter 4.5 mm to 3 mm and height from 4.8 mm to 3 mm). To compensate for reduced homogeneity in a batch of the smaller dosimeters, a method for individual sensitivity correction suitable for EPR dosimetry was tested. Sensitivity and repeatability was also tested for a standard EPR resonator and a super high Q (SHQE) one. The aim was also to optimize the performance of the dosimetry system for better efficiency regarding measurement time and precision. A systematic investigation of the relationship between measurement uncertainty and number of readouts per dosimeter was performed. The conclusions drawn from this work were that it is possible to decrease the dosimeter size with maintained measurement precision by using the SHQE resonator and introducing individual calibration factors for dosimeter batches. It was also shown that it is possible reduce the number of readouts per dosimeter without significantly decreasing the accuracy in measurements.
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| 10. |
- Adolfsson, Emelie, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Response of Lithium Formate EPR Dosimeters at Photon Energies Relelvant to Brachytherapy
- 2009
-
Ingår i: IFMBE Proceedings. - Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783642034725 - 9783642034749 ; , s. 236-239
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- After development of sensitive dosimeter materials Electron Paramagnetic Resonance EPR dosimetry has been successfully used also in radiation therapy. The intensity of the EPR-signal is a measure of the amount of free radicals created by ionizing radiation which is proportional to the absorbed dose in the dosimeter. Lithium formate monohydrate is a dosimeter material with 2-6 times higher sensitivity than alanine, a linear dose response over a wide dose range and mass-energy absorption properties similar to water. These properties make lithium formate promising for verification of absorbed doses around high dose rate brachytherapy sources where the dose gradient is steep and the photon energy distribution changing with distance from the source. Calibration of the dosimeters is performed in 60Co or MV photon beams where high dosimetric accuracy is feasible. The use in brachytherapy field relies on the assumption that the production of free radicals per mean absorbed dose in the dosimeter is similar at the lower photon energies present there. The aim of this work was to test that assumption. The response of the dosimeters as a function of photon energy was determined by irradiations with four x-ray qualities in the range 100-250 kV and 137Cs, relative to the response when irradiated with 60Co, all photon beams with well-known air kerma rates at the Swedish Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratory. Monte Carlo simulations were used to convert air kerma free in air to mean absorbed dose to the dosimeter. The measured response relative 60Co as a function of photon energy was below unity for all qualities. The maximum deviation from unity was 2.5% (100 kV, 135 kV) with a relative standard deviation of 1.5% (k = 1).
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| 11. |
- Adolfsson, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Response of lithium formate EPR dosimeters at photon energies relevant to the dosimetry of brachytherapy
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Medical physics (Lancaster). - : American Association of Physicists in Medicine. - 0094-2405. ; 37:9, s. 4946-4959
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE:To investigate experimentally the energy dependence of the detector response of lithium formate EPR dosimeters for photon energies below 1 MeV relative to that at 60Co energies. High energy photon beams are used in calibrating dosimeters for use in brachytherapy since the absorbed dose to water can be determined with high accuracy in such beams using calibrated ion chambers and standard dosimetry protocols. In addition to any differences in mass-energy absorption properties between water and detector, variations in radiation yield (detector response) with radiation quality, caused by differences in the density of ionization in the energy imparted (LET), may exist. Knowledge of an eventual deviation in detector response with photon energy is important for attaining high accuracy in measured brachytherapy dose distributions.METHODS:Lithium formate EPR dosimeters were irradiated to known levels of air kerma in 25-250 kV x-ray beams and in 137Cs and 60Co beams at the Swedish Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratory. Conversions from air kerma free in air into values of mean absorbed dose to the detectors were made using EGSnrc MC simulations and x-ray energy spectra measured or calculated for the actual beams. The signals from the detectors were measured using EPR spectrometry. Detector response (the EPR signal per mean absorbed dose to the detector) relative to that for 60Co was determined for each beam quality.RESULTS:Significant decreases in the relative response ranging from 5% to 6% were seen for x-ray beams at tube voltages < or = 180 kV. No significant reduction in the relative response was seen for 137Cs and 250 kV x rays.CONCLUSIONS:When calibrated in 60Co or MV photon beams, corrections for the photon energy dependence of detector response are needed to achieve the highest accuracy when using lithium formate EPR dosimeters for measuring absorbed doses around brachytherapy sources emitting photons in the energy range of 20-150 keV such as 169Yb and electronic sources.
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| 12. |
- Agarkova, Irina, et al.
(författare)
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The molecular composition of the sarcomeric M-band correlates with muscle fiber type
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cell Biology. - 0171-9335. ; 83:5, s. 193-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The M-band is the transverse structure that cross-links the thick filaments in the center and provides a perfect alignment of the A-band in the activated sarcomere. The molecular composition of the M-bands in adult mouse skeletal muscle is fiber-type dependent. All M-bands in fast fibers contain M-protein while M-bands in slow fibers contain a significant proportion of the EH-myomesin isoform, previously detected only in embryonic heart muscle. This fiber-type specificity develops during the first postnatal weeks. However, the ratio between the amounts of myosin and of myomesin, taken as sum of both isoforms, remains nearly constant in all studied muscles. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrates that some of the soleus fibers show a diffuse appearance of the M-band, resembling the situation in the embryonic heart. A model is proposed to explain the functional consequence of differential M-band composition for the physiological and morphological properties of sarcomeres in different muscle types.
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| 13. |
- Alm Carlsson, Gudrun, et al.
(författare)
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Riskuppskattningar och strålskydds-rekommendationer : Vår strålningsmiljö
- 1991
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Människan har i alla tider varit utsatt för joniserande strålning. Kosmiskstrålning och naturligt radioaktiva nuklider i vår omgivning och i vår kropp ger ett årligtbidrag till den absorberade dosen i hela kroppen, som i genomsnitt för människorna påjorden uppgår till 1 mGy/år (1Gy = 1 J/kg). Det finns områden på jorden där stråldosenfrån naturlig strålning är 10-100 ggr större, jfr avsnittet "Vår strålningsmiljö". I slutet av 1800-talet upptäckte Röntgen röntgenstrålningen och Becquerel den naturligaradioaktiviteten. Människan fick därmed för första gången tillgång till starka källor avjoniserande strålning. Dessa togs snabbt i bruk framförallt inom medicinsk röntgendiagnostikoch radioterapi. Man gjorde snart bittra erfarenheter av den joniserandestrålningens skadliga biologiska verkningar efter höga stråldoser. Fram till år 1922 hadec:a 100 radiologer dött av strålskador. Man insåg att något måste göras för att förbättraläget för personalen och år 1928 bildades ICRP (International Commission on RadiationProtection). ICRP ger ut rekommendationer för strålskydd, som ligger till grund förnationella lagar och förordningar över hela världen. Den förhållandevis långa erfarenhet människan har av joniserande strålning och denlätthet med vilken även små stråldoser kan mätas har gett oss stränga normer vad gällerhanteringen av producerade strålkällor. Många har därför uppfattningen att joniserandestrålning är en exklusiv miljökomponent. Så är knappast fallet. Förutom att vi alltid varitnaturligt bestrålade finns det idag anledning att förmoda att den kemiska nedsmutsningenav miljön är ett långt allvarligare hot mot vårt välbefinnande än den nuvarandeanvändningen av producerade strålkällor. En rättvis bedömning av olika miljökomponenterkan endast göras den gång alla mäts med samma mått. Arbete med dennainriktning pågår med strålskydds-verksamheten som förebild.
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| 14. |
- Alm Carlsson, Gudrun, et al.
(författare)
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Statistisk precision vid radioaktivitetsmätning och Aktivitetsbestämning ur uppmätt räknehastighet
- 1974
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Radioaktiva sönderfall sker slumpmässigt och det är omöjligt att i förväg veta exakt när en viss atom sönderfaller. Allt man kan säga är att under en halveringstid är sannolikheten 0.5 att en atom sönderfaller och 0.5 att den förblir i sitt ursprungliga radioaktiva tillstånd. Detta gäller en enstaka atom, är det ett stort antal atomer kan man förutsäga att hälften av dem kommer att sönderfalla inom en halveringstid. Antag att i ett experiment aktiviteten av ett prov bestäms under en minut. Räknaren anger 1000 cpm, counts per minute. Om man räknar en gång till kanske scalern anger 985 cpm, nästa gång 1023 cpm osv Skulle man utföra mätningen 1000 gånger skulle man få värdet 1000 12 - 13 gånger, 960 och faktiskt 1040 skulle man få 5-6 gångeroch 940 eller 1060 2 gånger. Detta beror inte på något experimentellt fel eller på någon speciell teknik som experimenttorn använder utan på de statistiska fluktuationerna. (Skulle man få värdet 1000 varje gång skall man kontrollera räknaren, någon kanske har ställt in pre-set counts 1000, dvs då är något fel). Vi skall i denna rapport se hur de statistiska fluktuationerna påverkar mätresultaten, hur osäkerheten presenteras och hur man gör en aktivitetsbestämning ur en uppmätt räknehastighet.
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| 15. |
- Almstedt, Karin, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Unfolding a folding disease: folding, misfolding and aggregation of the marble brain syndrome-associated mutant H107Y of human carbonic anhydrase II
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Biology. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0022-2836 .- 1089-8638. ; 342:2, s. 619-633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most loss-of-function diseases are caused by aberrant folding of important proteins. These proteins often misfold due to mutations. The disease marble brain syndrome (MBS), known also as carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome (CADS), can manifest in carriers of point mutations in the human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) gene. One mutation associated with MBS entails the His107Tyr substitution. Here, we demonstrate that this mutation is a remarkably destabilizing folding mutation. The loss-of-function is clearly a folding defect, since the mutant shows 64% of CO2 hydration activity compared to that of the wild-type at low temperature where the mutant is folded. On the contrary, its stability towards thermal and guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) denaturation is highly compromised. Using activity assays, CD, fluorescence, NMR, cross-linking, aggregation measurements and molecular modeling, we have mapped the properties of this remarkable mutant. Loss of enzymatic activity had a midpoint temperature of denaturation (Tm) of 16 °C for the mutant compared to 55 °C for the wild-type protein. GuHCl-denaturation (at 4 °C) showed that the native state of the mutant was destabilized by 9.2 kcal/mol. The mutant unfolds through at least two equilibrium intermediates; one novel intermediate that we have termed the molten globule light state and, after further denaturation, the classical molten globule state is populated. Under physiological conditions (neutral pH; 37 °C), the His107Tyr mutant will populate the molten globule light state, likely due to novel interactions between Tyr107 and the surroundings of the critical residue Ser29 that destabilize the native conformation. This intermediate binds the hydrophobic dye 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS) but not as strong as the molten globule state, and near-UV CD reveals the presence of significant tertiary structure. Notably, this intermediate is not as prone to aggregation as the classical molten globule. As a proof of concept for an intervention strategy with small molecules, we showed that binding of the CA inhibitor acetazolamide increases the stability of the native state of the mutant by 2.9 kcal/mol in accordance with its strong affinity. Acetazolamide shifts the Tm to 34 °C that protects from misfolding and will enable a substantial fraction of the enzyme pool to survive physiological conditions.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Andersson-Assarsson, Johanna C., 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of age-related mutation-driven clonal haematopoiesis over 20 years is associated with metabolic dysfunction in obesity
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ebiomedicine. - 2352-3964. ; 92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Haematopoietic clones caused by somatic mutations with >= 2% variant allele frequency (VAF) increase with age and are linked to risk of haematological malignancies and cardiovascular disease. Recent observations suggest that smaller clones (VAF<2%) are also associated with adverse outcomes. Our aims were to determine the prevalence of clonal haematopoiesis driven by clones of variable sizes in individuals with obesity treated by usual care or bariatric surgery (a treatment that improves metabolic status), and to examine the expansion of clones in relation to age and metabolic dysregulation over up to 20 years.Methods Clonal haematopoiesis-driver mutations (CHDMs) were identified in blood samples from participants of the Swedish Obese Subjects intervention study. Using an ultrasensitive assay, we analysed single-timepoint samples from 1050 individuals treated by usual care and 841 individuals who had undergone bariatric surgery, and multiple-timepoint samples taken over 20 years from a subset (n = 40) of the individuals treated by usual care.Findings In this explorative study, prevalence of CHDMs was similar in the single-timepoint usual care and bariatric surgery groups (20.6% and 22.5%, respectively, P = 0.330), with VAF ranging from 0.01% to 31.15%. Clone sizes increased with age in individuals with obesity, but not in those who underwent bariatric surgery. In the multiple-timepoint analysis, VAF increased by on average 7% (range -4% to 24%) per year and rate of clone growth was negatively associated with HDL-cholesterol (R = -0.68, 1.74 E-04).Interpretation Low HDL-C was associated with growth of haematopoietic clones in individuals with obesity treated by usual care.
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| 18. |
- Andersson, Björn, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Decrease in adiponectin levels correlates to growth response in growth hormone-treated children.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Hormone research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0046 .- 0301-0163. ; 71:4, s. 213-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adiponectin is secreted by adipose tissue and circulates in human plasma at high levels. Decreased adiponectin levels are associated with insulin resistance and obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether changes in serum adiponectin levels are related to the growth response, insulin levels and insulin resistance during growth hormone (GH) treatment.
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| 19. |
- Andersson, C, et al.
(författare)
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The three ZNT8 autoantibody variants together improve the diagnostic sensitivity of childhood and adolescent type 1 diabetes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Autoimmunity. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0891-6934 .- 1607-842X. ; 44:5, s. 394-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: We tested whether autoantibodies to all three ZnT8RWQ variants, GAD65, insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2), insulin and autoantibodies to islet cell cytoplasm (ICA) in combination with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) would improve the diagnostic sensitivity of childhood type 1 diabetes by detecting the children who otherwise would have been autoantibody-negative.Methods: A total of 686 patients diagnosed in 1996–2005 in Skåne were analyzed for all the seven autoantibodies [arginin 325 zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8RA), tryptophan 325 zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8WA), glutamine 325 Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8QA), autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), Autoantibodies to islet-antigen-2 (IA-2A), insulin autoantibodies (IAA) and ICA] in addition to HLA-DQ genotypes.Results: Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody to either one or all three amino acid variants at position 325 (ZnT8RWQA) was found in 65% (449/686) of the patients. The frequency was independent of age at diagnosis. The ZnT8RWQA reduced the frequency of autoantibody-negative patients from 7.5 to 5.4%—a reduction by 28%. Only 2 of 108 (2%) patients who are below 5 years of age had no autoantibody at diagnosis. Diagnosis without any islet autoantibody increased with increasing age at onset. DQA1-B1*X-0604 was associated with both ZnT8RA (p = 0.002) and ZnT8WA (p = 0.01) but not with ZnT8QA (p = 0.07). Kappa agreement analysis showed moderate (>0.40) to fair (>0.20) agreement between pairs of autoantibodies for all combinations of GADA, IA-2A, ZnT8RWQA and ICA but only slight ( < 0.19) agreement for any combination with IAA.Conclusions: This study revealed that (1) the ZnT8RWQA was common, independent of age; (2) multiple autoantibodies were common among the young; (3) DQA1-B1*X-0604 increased the risk for ZnT8RA and ZnT8WA; (4) agreement between autoantibody pairs was common for all combinations except IAA. These results suggest that ZnT8RWQA is a necessary complement to the classification and prediction of childhood type 1 diabetes as well as to randomize the subjects in the prevention and intervention of clinical trials.
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| 20. |
- Anderzen-Carlsson, Agneta, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge, skills and information needs on older residents’ hearing loss and hearing aids : Translation and adaptation of a Norwegian instrument
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The objective with the project is to find a valid and culturally appropriate instrument for measuring the professionals' knowledge, skills and information needs on older residents’ hearing loss and hearing aids. Such an instrument could optimally be used in clinical praxis, as well as in research, for cross-sectional studies and for measuring change related to educational interventions.Materials: The Norwegian instrument Knowledge, skills and information needs on residents’ hearing loss and hearing aids was identified in the literature. Its content was, by the research group regarded as relevant in a Swedish setting, although some cultural adaptations seemed to be necessary.Methods: The translation and cultural adaptations were performed in line with the International Society For Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Task Force For Translation and Cultural Adapation, as outlined below:1. We first asked one of the original authors for permission to translate the instrument.2. Two of the authors (KB and MB) individually translated the content of the instrument. Their first language is Swedish, but both are familiar with the Norwegian language.3. The other authors individually and together checked the translations and judged whether the statements were comprehensible in Swedish, and made necessary cultural adaptations. For example, the nursing home settings, and job types within this sector are not identical in the two countries.4. An independent person, with knowledge of both Swedish and Norwegian (Norwegian being the first language), but with no previous knowledge of the instrument made a back-translation. This person had good knowledge of the setting, being a professor in geriatrics.5. The authors compared the original version of the instrument with the back-translated version and discussed some inconsistences with the first author of the original instrument, before we all agreed on a first preliminary Swedish version.6. 12 professionals having audiological competence, experience of nursing older people or teaching in nursing piloted the first preliminary Swedish version. They suggested some reformulations of questions and responses, which were discussed and decided on within the research group.7. The next step is to test the preliminary Swedish version of the instrument, which will take place during the winter of 2019-2020. A sample of professionals working in different nursing homes in two Swedish counties will be invited to participate. The plan is to include 400 professionals. The sample size is based on an optimal sample for performing a factor analysis as part of the assessment of the psychometric properties of the preliminary Swedish version. It also allows cross-sectional sub-analyses, based on different groups of professionals and level of nursing home.8. The project will be presented in a scientific journal, and used in a future intervention study. The instrument can also be used in clinical improvement work.Conclusion: The results are promising. To the best of our knowledge, there is no Swedish instrument available for measuring professionals' knowledge, skills and information needs on older residents’ hearing loss and hearing aids. It seems necessary to have such an instrument, as the number of older people increases in Sweden, as well as worldwide. Impaired hearing, as well as assistive needs increase with age, and thus it is of great importance to ensure that professionals working with older people have sufficient knowledge to assist them.
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| 21. |
- Anderzén-Carlsson, Agneta, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Så sjuk av så lite
- 1996
-
Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 22. |
- Ankarberg-Lindgren, Carina, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Leptin levels show diurnal variation throughout puberty in healthy children, and follow a gender-specific pattern
- 2001
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Ingår i: Eur J Endocrinol. ; 145:1, s. 43-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the levels and diurnal rhythm of serum leptin in healthy children, and to investigate the association between leptin levels and sex steroids. METHODS: Four girls and four boys, all healthy volunteers, were followed longitudinally throughout puberty. Their chronological ages ranged from 8.7 to 19.5 years, and body composition, expressed as weight-for-height standard deviation scores (SDS), ranged between -1.7 and +2.4. Serum leptin, oestradiol and testosterone concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay at 1000, 1400, 1800, 2200, 0200 and 0600 h. RESULTS: In all girls and boys, both prepubertally and during pubertal development, serum leptin levels increased during the night, with no difference in relative peak amplitude. In boys, the leptin concentrations increased until the initiation of puberty and then declined, whereas in girls, the concentrations increased throughout puberty. The inter-individual variation in mean leptin levels among girls decreased to 11% at the time of menarche. A positive correlation was found for both oestradiol and testosterone versus leptin in girls throughout puberty (r=0.64 and r=0.71 respectively, P<0.001). A negative correlation was found between leptin and testosterone in boys in mid- and late puberty (r=-0.66, P<0.01). No correlation was found between oestradiol and leptin in boys or between testosterone and leptin in pre- and early pubertal boys. CONCLUSION: Serum leptin concentrations show diurnal variation throughout pubertal development in both girls and boys. The changes in leptin levels during puberty follow a gender-specific pattern, probably due to an influence of sex steroids on leptin production.
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| 23. |
- Antonovic, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a lithium formate EPR dosimetry system for dose measurements around Ir-192 brachytherapy sources
- 2009
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Ingår i: MEDICAL PHYSICS. - : Wiley. - 0094-2405. ; 36:6, s. 2236-2247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A dosimetry system using lithium formate monohydrate (HCO2Li center dot H2O) as detector material and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy for readout has been used to measure absorbed dose distributions around clinical Ir-192 sources. Cylindrical tablets with diameter of 4.5 mm, height of 4.8 mm, and density of 1.26 g/cm(3) were manufactured. Homogeneity test and calibration of the dosimeters were performed in a 6 MV photon beam. Ir-192 irradiations were performed in a PMMA phantom using two different source models, the GammaMed Plus HDR and the microSelectron PDR-v1 model. Measured absorbed doses to water in the PMMA phantom were converted to the corresponding absorbed doses to water in water phantoms of dimensions used by the treatment planning systems (TPSs) using correction factors explicitly derived for this experiment. Experimentally determined absorbed doses agreed with the absorbed doses to water calculated by the TPS to within +/- 2.9%. Relative standard uncertainties in the experimentally determined absorbed doses were estimated to be within the range of 1.7%-1.3% depending on the radial distance from the source, the type of source (HDR or PDR), and the particular absorbed doses used. This work shows that a lithium formate dosimetry system is well suited for measurements of absorbed dose to water around clinical HDR and PDR Ir-192 sources. Being less energy dependent than the commonly used thermoluminescent lithium fluoride (LiF) dosimeters, lithium formate monohydrate dosimeters are well suited to measure absorbed doses in situations where the energy dependence cannot easily be accounted for such as in multiple-source irradiations to verify treatment plans. Their wide dynamic range and linear dose response over the dose interval of 0.2-1000 Gy make them suitable for measurements on sources of the strengths used in clinical applications. The dosimeter size needs, however, to be reduced for application to single-source dosimetry.
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| 24. |
- Behre, Carl Johan, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Dissociation between adipose tissue expression and serum levels of adiponectin during and after diet-induced weight loss in obese subjects with and without the metabolic syndrome
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-0495 .- 1532-8600. ; 56:8, s. 1022-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study aimed to examine if dysmetabolic subjects (MetS+) have lower adiponectin gene expression and lower circulating adiponectin levels than non-dysmetabolic obese subjects (MetS-) at baseline, if adiponectin expression and adiponectin concentration rise more in the dysmetabolic group during weight loss, and if v-SNARE Vti1a (vesicle transport soluble NSF attachment protein receptor vps10p tail interacting 1a) expression increases during the weight loss, as a mechanism for increased adiponectin secretion. Twenty-one obese MetS+ and 19 obese MetS- subjects underwent a very low-energy diet for 16 weeks followed by 2 weeks of refeeding. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies and blood samples were taken before, during, and after dieting for DNA microarray, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and biochemical analyses. Serum adiponectin was also assessed in a sex- and age-matched healthy, nonobese reference group. Weight decreased by 26.3+/-9.8 kg in the MetS+ group and 28.2+/-8.4 kg in the MetS- group with concomitant reductions in insulin, hemoglobin A1c, and triglycerides that were more pronounced in the MetS+ group. Initially, the MetS+ subjects had lower serum adiponectin, but the differences disappeared at week 8, with a continuous increase in serum adiponectin throughout the study in both groups to a level that was higher than in the reference group. The expression of adiponectin and v-SNARE Vti1a did not differ between the groups or over time. In conclusion, obese subjects with the metabolic syndrome had lower circulating adiponectin than subjects without the syndrome. Weight loss increased serum levels of adiponectin without a parallel increase in adiponectin gene expression. The mechanisms involved in the regulation of adiponectin levels merits further investigation.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Benson, Mikael, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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DNA microarray analysis of chromosomal susceptibility regions to identify candidate genes for allergic disease: A pilot study
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2251 .- 0001-6489. ; 124:7, s. 813-819
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective-To examine whether DNA microarray analysis of chromosomal susceptibility regions for allergy can help to identify candidate genes. Material and Methods-Nasal biopsies were obtained from 23 patients with allergic rhinitis and 12 healthy controls. RNA was extracted from the biopsies and pooled into three patient and three control pools. These were then analysed in duplicate with DNA microarrays containing 12626 genes. Candidate genes were further examined in nasal biopsies (real-time polymerase chain reaction) and blood samples (single nucleotide polymorphisms) from other patients with allergic rhinitis and from controls. Results-A total of 37 differentially expressed genes were identified according to criteria involving both the size and consistency of the gene expression levels. The chromosomal location of these genes was compared with the chromosomal susceptibility regions for allergic disease. Using a statistical method, five genes were identified in these regions, including serine protease inhibitor, Kazal type, 5 (SPINK5) and HLA-DRB2. The relevance of these genes was examined in other patients with allergic rhinitis and in controls; none of the genes were differentially expressed in nasal biopsies. Moreover, no association between allergic rhinitis and SPINK5 polymorphisms was found, at either the genotype or haplotype level. Conclusions-DNA microarray analysis of chromosomal susceptibility regions did not lead to identification of candidate genes that could be validated in a new material. However, because gene polymorphisms may cause differential gene expression, further studies, including validation data, are needed to examine this approach.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Benson, Mikael, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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DNA microarray analysis of transforming growth factor-β and related transcripts in nasal biopsies from patients with allergic rhinitis
- 2002
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Ingår i: Cytokine. ; 18:1, s. 20-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decreased activity of anti-inflammatory cytokines like transforming growth factor (TGF)-β may contribute to allergic inflammation. In vivo effects of TGF-β-effects are difficult to infer from local concentrations, since TGF-β-effects depend on a complex system of regulatory proteins and receptors. Instead the effects of TGF-β might be inferred by examining TGF-β-inducible transcripts. In this study DNA microarrays were used to examine local expression of TGF-β, TGF-β-regulatory and -inducible transcripts in nasal biopsies from patients with symptomatic allergic rhinitis and healthy controls. In addition, nasal fluids were analysed with cytological and immunological methods. Nasal fluid eosinophils, albumin, eosinophil granulae proteins and IgE, but not TGF-β, were higher in patients than in controls. DNA microarray analysis of nasal mucosa showed expression of transcripts encoding TGF-β, TGF-β-regulatory proteins and -receptors at variable levels in patients and controls. By comparison, analysis of 28 TGF-β-inducible transcripts indicated that 23 of these had lower measurement values in patients than in controls, while one was higher, and the remaining four were absent in both patients and controls. In summary, TGF-β and a complex system of regulatory genes and receptors are expressed in the nasal mucosa. Low expression of TGF-β-inducible transcripts may indicate decreased TGF-β activity in allergic rhinitis. DNA microarray analysis may be a way to study cytokine effects in vivo.
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| 29. |
- Benson, Mikael, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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DNA microarrays to study gene expression in allergic airways.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 32:2, s. 301-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allergic rhinitis results from interactions between a large number of cells and mediators in different compartments of the body. DNA microarrays allow simultaneous measurement of expression of thousands of genes in the same tissue sample.
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| 30. |
- Benson, Mikael, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Increased expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A in seasonal allergic rhinitis.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Cytokine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1043-4666 .- 1096-0023. ; 20:6, s. 268-73
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased vascular dilatation and permeability characterize allergic rhinitis. In this study oligonucleotide microarrays (Affymetrix HuGe95A) were used to identify differentially expressed vasoactive genes in nasal biopsies from 23 patients with symptomatic seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and 12 healthy controls. RNA was extracted from the biopsies and pooled in three patient and three control pools. Out of 12,626 analysed transcripts, 39 were higher and 81 lower in the patients. Of these transcripts two have vasoactive effects: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) and the Beta-1-Adrenergic Receptor. Both were higher in patients than in controls. The mean +/- SEM expression levels in arbitrary units of VEGF-A were 130 +/- 123 in the patients and 59 +/- 53 in the controls. The fold ratio in expression levels between patients/controls was 2.2. The corresponding values for the beta-1-adrenergic receptor were 129 +/- 123 in the patients and 40 +/- 31 in the controls. The fold ratio between patient/controls was 3.2. The role of VEGF-A was assessed by determining VEGF-A concentrations in nasal fluids from another 30 patients with SAR before and after allergen provocation. VEGF-A increased from 124.3 +/- 30.2 to 163.2 +/- 37.8 pg/ml after challenge, P < 0.05. In summary, oligonucleotide microarray analysis of nasal biopsies and protein analyses of nasal fluids indicate that VEGF-A may be an important mediator in SAR.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Bjarnason, Ragnar, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein increases in serum after the start of growth hormone treatment in prepubertal children
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 89:10, s. 5156-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both GH and IGF-I stimulate bone growth, but the molecular mechanisms mediating their effects on the growth plate are not fully understood. We measured gene expression by microarray analysis in primary cultured human chondrocytes treated with either GH or IGF-I. One of the genes found to be up-regulated by both GH and IGF-I was that encoding cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). This protein is predominantly found in the extracellular matrix of cartilage. Mutations in the COMP gene have been associated with syndromes of short stature. To verify that COMP is regulated by GH in vivo, we measured COMP levels in serum in short children treated with GH. The study included 113 short prepubertal children (14 girls and 99 boys) with a mean (+/- sd) age of 8.84 +/- 2.76 yr, height sd score of -2.74 +/- 0.67, and IGF-I sd score of -1.21 +/- 1.07 at the start of GH administration. Serum levels of COMP were 1.58 +/- 0.28, 1.83 +/- 0.28 (P < 0.0001), 1.91 +/- 0.28 (P < 0.0001), 1.78 +/- 0.28 (P < 0.001), and 1.70 +/- 0.24 (P < 0.05) microg/ml at baseline and after 1 wk and 1, 3, and 12 months, respectively.In conclusion, we have demonstrated that COMP expression is up-regulated by both GH and IGF-I in primary cultured human chondrocytes. Furthermore, serum levels of COMP increase after the start of GH treatment in short children.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Bjarnason, R, et al.
(författare)
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Leptin levels are strongly correlated with those of GH-binding protein in prepubertal children.
- 1997
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Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 137:1, s. 68-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There was a highly significant correlation between serum levels of leptin and those of GHBP, except in children with GHD. The possibility that leptin could mediate the effects of body fat mass on GH sensitivity, therefore, merits further investigation.
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| 36. |
- Bock, David, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Learning curve for robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in a large prospective multicentre study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 56:3, s. 182-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Differences in outcome after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer can partly be explained by intersurgeon differences, where degree of experience is one important aspect. This study aims to define the learning curve of robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) regarding oncological and functional outcomes. Materials and methods Out of 4003 enrolled patients in the LAPPRO trial, 3583 met the inclusion criteria, of whom 885 were operated on by an open technique. In total, 2672 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer from seven Swedish centres were operated on by RALP and followed for 8 years (LAPPRO trial). Oncological outcomes were pathology-reported surgical margins and biochemical recurrence at 8 years. Functional outcomes included patient-reported urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction at 3, 12 and 24 months. Experience was surgeon-reported experience before and during the study. The relationship between surgeon experience and functional outcomes and surgical margin status was analysed by mixed-effects logistic regression. Biochemical recurrence was analysed by Cox regression, with robust standard errors. Results The learning curve for positive surgical margins was relatively flat, with rates of 21% for surgeons who had performed 0-74 cases and 24% for surgeons with > 300 cases. Biochemical recurrence at 4 years was 11% (0-74 cases) and 13% (> 300 cases). Incontinence was stable over the learning curve, but erectile function improved at 2 years, from 38% (0-74 cases) to 53% (> 300 cases). Conclusions Analysis of the learning curve for surgeons performing RALP showed that erectile function improved with increasing number of procedures, which was not the case for oncological outcomes.
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| 37. |
- Boguszewski, C L, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating non-22-kilodalton growth hormone isoforms in acromegalic men before and after transsphenoidal surgery.
- 1997
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 82:5, s. 1516-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- GH represents several molecular isoforms in addition to the main 22-kDa (22K) GH. There have been reports suggesting that circulating non-22K GH isoforms are increased in acromegaly, but the possible implications of such observations in the management of the disease have not been addressed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proportion of circulating non-22K GH isoforms in acromegaly. In addition, the relationships between the amount of non-22K GH and tumor size, biochemical measurements, and body composition also were investigated. Samples with different GH levels were selected from 24-h GH profiles from 15 acromegalic men evaluated before and 1 yr after transsphenoidal surgery and from 13 healthy men. The serum non-22K GH levels, expressed as percentage of total GH concentration, were determined by the 22K GH exclusion assay, which is based on immunomagnetic extraction of 22K GH from serum and quantitation of non-22K GH using a polyclonal GH assay. The proportion of non-22K GH isoforms was fairly constant in different samples from the same patient, regardless of the GH level. However, a wide variation of values was observed among acromegalics, both before (14-51%) and after surgery (8-62%). The proportion of non-22K GH isoforms was increased in untreated patients, compared with controls (26.6 vs. 17.4%; P < 0.01), and the values correlated significantly to tumor size, mean 24-h GH concentration, serum PRL, and extracellular water. After surgery, patients not truly cured, with mean 24-h GH concentration of 1 microg/L or more, had an increased proportion of non-22K GH, compared with those with levels less than 1 microg/L (P < 0.01). In the former group, the median values were similar than those in untreated acromegalics (34 vs. 26.6%, respectively), whereas in the latter, they were comparable with those in the controls (15.2 vs. 17.4%, respectively). We conclude that acromegalics have an increased proportion of circulating non-22K GH isoforms. The values are fairly constant in different samples from an individual, regardless of GH level, but a large spectrum can be observed among patients. This variability suggests that different pituitary adenomas secrete GH isoforms in variable amounts. Our observation that a higher proportion of non-22K GH isoforms is present in patients not truly cured after surgery suggests that the evaluation of non-22K GH isoforms can be useful in the follow-up of acromegalic patients.
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| 38. |
- Boguszewski, C L, et al.
(författare)
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Cloning of two novel growth hormone transcripts expressed in human placenta.
- 1998
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 83:8, s. 2878-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several isoforms of human GH (hGH) are produced by two related genes expressed in the pituitary (hGH-N) and in the placenta (hGH-V). These genes consist of five exons (denoted 1-5) separated by four introns (denoted A-D). In the present report, two new transcripts of the hGH-V gene are described. The coding region of the hGH-V gene was amplified by RT-PCR using placental complementary DNA as template. DNA sequencing of several clones revealed two novel transcripts. One had a 45-bp deletion caused by the use of an alternative splice acceptor site within exon 3, similar to that in the hGH-N gene, predicting a 20-kDa isoform of hGH-V. The other transcript was generated by the use of an alternative splice donor site causing a 4-bp deletion in the end of exon 4, predicting a 24-kDa protein with 219 amino acids, which we refer to as hGH-V3. The carboxy-terminal sequence of hGH-V3 differs from 22-kDa hGH-V and hGH-V2, the two previously reported transcripts of the hGH-V gene, and does not contain a predicted transmembrane domain as described for hGH-V2. Ligase chain reaction was then used to analyze the possible use of the same splicing pattern in transcripts derived from the other genes of the hGH-gene cluster. Alternatively spliced transcripts encoding the 20-kDa hGH isoform were detected from the hGH-N and hGH-V genes, but not from the human chorionic somatomammotropin-A/B genes. The alternative splicing generating hGH-V3 was only demonstrated in transcripts derived from the hGH-V gene. Using competitive RT-PCR, the expression of hGH-V3 was estimated to be 10% of the hGH-V messenger RNA in full-term normal placentas and in placentas from pathological pregnancies. The 20-kDa hGH-V was detected in two of four full-term normal placentas, whereas a weak signal was observed in one of the pathological placentas. We conclude that the hGH-V primary transcript undergoes alternative splicing pathways generating at least four different messenger RNAs, predicting the expression of different hGH isoforms, including two with a complete sequence divergence in the carboxy-terminus.
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| 39. |
- Brorsson, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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A new electronic grip force measurement device for hand evaluation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Abstracts of the Annual European Congress of Rheumatology EULAR. June 12-15, 2013. Madrid, Spain.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Hand grip force is a good indicator of general muscle strength and can also be used to predict multiple outcomes such as changes in activities of daily living (ADL), disability, mortality and general upper extremity strength. Hand grip force is often measured as the amount of static grip force a subject can produce when measured with a hydraulic dynamometer such as the Jamar or with an electronic device such as the Grippit. The Grippit device measures an average grip force, a peak grip force and force over a set time period. Grippit has shown good reliability for healthy subjects. Grippit, which was developed over 20 years ago in Gothenburg, Sweden is no longer manufactured. Therefore, the need for anewly developed and modernized measurement instrument for use in evaluating hand rehabilitation has arisen. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability of the newly developed instrument GRIP-it and to describe and validate the relationship between grip force measurements from GRIP-it and the original Grippit device. Methods: Healthy controls (n=43) were included in the study. Two devices were used to evaluate grip force (Newton, N), (i) GRIP-it a newly developed device and (ii) Grippit. Both instruments were used to measure mean and maximal force over 10 seconds. Results: GRIP-it displayed a mean measurement error of -1.7 ± 0.5% and the corresponding error for Grippit was -1.6 ± 1.9%. All subjects completed the grip force tests and the results for three attempts for each hand. The test-retest reliability was excellent for both pieces of equipment, with ICCs ranging from 0.963 to 0.947 (CI 95% between 0.103 and 0.041) for GRIP-it and from 0.979 to 0.968 (CI 95% between 0.087 and 0.042) for Grippit. Relationships between Grippit and GRIP-itThere was a significant difference between the measured values derived from Grippit and GRIP-it for both the dominant hand (P < 0.001) and the non-dominant hand (P < 0.01). Grippit gives in general a higher grip force measurement than GRIP-it which is also indicated by the slope (β1) of the regression lines that deviates from 1. However, there were no substantial differences in the grip force when comparing the measurements for the dominant hand with the non-dominant hand for either Grippit (P = 0.071) or GRIP-it (P = 0.404). Based on these non-significant differences between hands and the fact that the model estimates for the intercept (β0) and the slope (β1) are contained within the confidence intervals of the model estimates for the opposite hand, a combined model was derived. The linear regression analysis, with grip force measurements for both hands included, gives: GRIP-it = 49.0 + 0.779 · Grippit. This explains 89.6% of the variance in grip force analyzed by GRIP-it (P < 0.001) see Figure 2. To enable an estimation of grip force measured by Grippit based on GRIP-it values a regression analysis with Grippit as dependent variable gives: Grippit = -18.1 + 1.15 · GRIP-it, which explains 89.6% of the variance in grip force analyzed by Grippit (P < 0.001).Conclusions: This study showed that GRIP-it has excellent test-retest reliability. Measurements of grip force with GRIP-it are strongly related to those from the original Grippit. The newly developed GRIP-it shows great potential for use in the assessment of hand function and the evaluation of hand rehabilitation.
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| 40. |
- Burstein, ES, et al.
(författare)
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II. In vitro evidence that (-)-OSU6162 and (+)-OSU6162 produce their behavioral effects through 5-HT2A serotonin and D2 dopamine receptors
- 2011
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION. - 0300-9564. ; 118:11, s. 1523-1533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: (-)-OSU6162 has promise for treating Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and schizophrenia. Behavioral tests evaluating the locomotor effects of (-) and (+)-OSU6162 on 'low activity' animals (reserpinized mice and habituated rats) and 'high activity' animals (drug naive mice and non-habituated rats) revealed that both enantiomers of OSU6162 had dual effects on behavior, stimulating locomotor activity in 'low activity' animals and inhibiting locomotor activity in 'high activity' animals. To elucidate a plausible mechanism of action for their behavioral effects, we evaluated the intrinsic actions of (-)- and (+)-OSU6162, and a collection of other antipsychotic and antiparkinsonian agents at 5-HT2A and D2 receptors in functional assays with various degrees of receptor reserve, including cellular proliferation, phosphatidyl inositol hydrolysis, GTP gamma S and beta-arrestin recruitment assays. We also tested for possible allosteric actions of (-)-OSU6162 at D2 receptors. Both enantiomers of OSU6162 were medium intrinsic activity partial agonists at 5-HT2A receptors and low intrinsic activity partial agonists at D2 receptors. (+)-OSU6162 had higher efficacy at 5-HT2A receptors, which correlated with its greater stimulatory activity in vivo, but (-)-OSU6162 had higher potency at D2 receptors, which correlated with its greater inhibitory activity in vivo. (-)-OSU6162 did not display any convincing allosteric properties. Both (+)- and (-)-OSU6162 were significantly less active at 27 other monoaminergic receptors and reuptake transporters tested suggesting that D2 and 5-HT2A receptors play crucial roles in mediating their behavioral effects. Compounds with balanced effects on these two receptor systems may offer promise for treating neuropsychiatric diseases.
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| 41. |
- Carlsson, Arvid, 1923, et al.
(författare)
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A dopaminergic deficit hypothesis of schizophrenia: the path to discovery.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Dialogues in clinical neuroscience. - 1294-8322. ; 8:1, s. 137-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In contrast to the conventional view of dopamine involvement in schizophrenia, which posits hyperactive dopaminergic transmission, we propose that for unknown developmental and/or biochemical reasons, a primary defect occurs in efficient, tight dopaminergic synaptic transmission, triggering feedback activation and receptor upregulation, and resulting in the well-characterized increase in dopaminergic tone. This hypothesis is driven by suggestive evidence for subpopulations of dopamine D2 receptors delivering contrasting forms of dopaminergic transmission: synaptic receptors, responsible for basic dopaminergic function and subject to effective feedback control, and poorly controlled extrasynaptic receptors partly responsible for the positive symptoms of psychosis. Since the primary defect is dopamine deficiency, we term this theory the dopaminergic deficit hypothesis of schizophrenia. It is currently informing clinical studies with novel partial dopamine antagonists (dopamine stabilizers) such as ACR16, which preferentially target extrasynaptic receptors while leaving synaptic transmission and basic dopamine function intact.
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| 42. |
- Carlsson, Arvid, 1923, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive properties and heterogeneity of dopamine D(2) receptors - pharmacological implications.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Brain research reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0173. ; 58:2, s. 374-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this review, we focus on the marked adaptability of dopamine D(2) receptors to varying agonist levels and we discuss the extent to which this phenomenon can account for the heterogeneity of these receptors in regard to function and pharmacological responsiveness. We emphasize the significance of a distinction between synaptic and extrasynaptic receptors in this context. For example, the application of this dichotomy appears to shed new light on the various subgroups of antipsychotic drugs and the mechanisms underlying their different profiles.
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| 43. |
- Carlsson, Arvid, 1923, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions between monoamines, glutamate, and GABA in schizophrenia: new evidence
- 2001
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Ingår i: Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. - 0362-1642. ; 41, s. 237-60
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In spite of its proven heuristic value, the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia is now yielding to a multifactorial view, in which the other monoamines as well as glutamate and GABA are included, with a focus on neurotransmitter interactions in complex neurocircuits. The primary lesion(s) in schizophrenia does not necessarily involve any of these neurotransmitters directly but could deal with a more general defect, such as a faulty connectivity of developmental origin. Nevertheless, a precise identification of neurotransmitter aberrations in schizophrenia will probably provide clues for a better understanding of the disease and for the development of new treatment and prevention strategies.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Carlsson, Björn, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in associations between HSD11B1 gene expression and metabolic parameters in subjects with and without impaired glucose homeostasis
- 2010
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Ingår i: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8227 .- 0168-8227. ; 88:3, s. 252-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Animal studies indicate a role for 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD11B1) in the development of obesity. The association to glucose homeostasis is less clear. We investigated the relationship between HSD11B1 mRNA levels in adipose tissue and in skeletal muscle and anthropometric and metabolic measurements in humans with and without impaired glucose homeostasis. Methods: Twelve obese subjects with impaired glucose homeostasis (MetS+) and 12 obese controls (MetS-) received a Very Low Calorie Diet for 16 weeks and adipose tissue biopsies, blood samples and measurements were obtained. In a second cohort, skeletal muscle biopsies, blood samples and measurements were obtained from 18 subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and 17 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Gene expression was measured by DNA microarray in both studies. Results: HSD11B1 mRNA levels were reduced during diet, and anthropometric measurements and metabolic parameters were associated with HSD11B1 mRNA levels in the MetS-group. However, in the MetS+ group these associations were lost or in opposite direction. This difference was also observed in skeletal muscle between T2DM and NGT. Conclusions: HSD11B1 mRNA levels are associated with metabolic parameters and anthropometric measurements in subjects with normal glucose homeostasis but not in subjects with impaired glucose homeostasis. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 46. |
- Carlsson, Björn, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Obese (ob) gene defects are rare in human obesity
- 1997
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Ingår i: Obesity Research. - 1071-7323 .- 1550-8528. ; 5:1, s. 30-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our knowledge of the role of the recently cloned ob-protein (leptin) in the regulation of body fat stores is largely derived from experiments performed in mice. Different mouse models exhibit abnormalities in ob-gene expression, with extreme overexpression in mice which lack bioactive ob-protein, have nonfunctional ob-receptors or hypothalamic lesions, and undetectable expression in mice with suggested defects in regulatory elements. The aim of this study is to examine if defects, corresponding to those in mice, exist in human obesity. Adipose tissue was obtained from 94 adult obese subjects and from six children who had developed obesity after surgery in the hypothalamic region. Total RNA was isolated and ob-gene expression was examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blot. The coding region of the ob-gene was sequenced in both directions in the 94 obese adults. No mutations were detected in the coding region of the ob-gene and ob-gene expression was detectable in all subjects and none of the subjects had an extreme overexpression. There was no systematic increase in ob-expression in obese children with hypothalamic disease compared to their healthy brothers and sisters. These results show that severe abnormalities involving the ob-gene, analogous to those described in mouse models, are rare in human obesity. We therefore conclude that the cloning and subsequent analysis of the ob-gene has not provided information that can, by itself, explain the genetic component in the development of human obesity.
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| 47. |
- Carlsson, Björn, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Serum leptin concentrations in relation to pubertal development.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Archives of disease in childhood. - 1468-2044. ; 77:5, s. 396-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The amount of adipose tissue influences pubertal development and fertility in girls. A candidate for mediating this is the hormone leptin, derived from adipocytes. This work was carried out to determine whether the leptin concentration in serum is regulated during pubertal development.
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| 48. |
- Carlsson, Björn, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Total RNA and array-based expression monitoring.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Nature biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1087-0156 .- 1546-1696. ; 18:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 49. |
- Carlsson, C.A., et al.
(författare)
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An instrument for measuring ambient dose equivalent, H*(10)
- 1996
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Ingår i: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 67:1, s. 33-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design and calibration of a small and simple instrument for measuring the ambient dose equivalent, H*(10), in photon fields is described. Comprising a thermoluminescence LiF dosemeter inside a 20 mm diameter PMMA sphere, it is capable of measuring the ambient dose equivalent with a nearly isotropic response. In the interval 0.1-100 mSv and for the energy range 30 keV to 1.25 MeV the energy response is within -31% and +15% relative to that of 137Cs gamma radiation (662 keV). In practical use, it is therefore sufficient to calibrate the instrument in a 137Cs gamma field using the corresponding conversion coefficient H*(10)/Kair taken from tabulations. The possibility of using the instrument to monitor the ambient dose equivalent for energies above 1.25 MeV is discussed and indicates that the range of applicability can be extended to 4.4 MeV with an energy response within -10% relative to 662 keV.
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| 50. |
- Carlsson, Carl A., et al.
(författare)
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Basic physics of X-ray imaging
- 1973
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In X-ray diagnostics, radiation that is partly transmitted through and partly absorbed in the irradiated object is utilised. An X-ray image shows the variations in transmission caused by structures in the object of varying thickness, density or atomic composition. After an introductory description of the nature of X-rays, the most important processes in the X-ray source, the object (patient) and radiation detector for the generation of an X-ray image will be described.
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