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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Adding, Christofer, et al.
(författare)
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Robotkirurgi ger bra resultat vid radikal prostatektomi. Prostatacancer kan behandlas mer effektivt och skonsamt : [Good results in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Prostatic cancer can be treated more effectively and carefully].
- 2011
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 108:19, s. 1053-1057
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Operationsresultat redovisas för män opererade med radikal prostatektomi – öppen kirurgi jämfört med robotassisterad laparaskopi – under 2002–2006 vid Karolinska universitetssjukhuset, Solna. Män som följdes under minst 1 år besvarade enkätfrågor; 768 robotkirurgiska och 411 öppenkirurgiska operationer utvärderades. Under perioden minskade andelen män med positiv resektionsrand från 37 procent till 22 procent och med erektil dysfunktion från 66 procent till 60 procent. Andelen optimala operationsresultat (»trifecta«) ökade från 19 procent till 28 procent. Vi har inte hittat några indikationer på att införandet av robotkirurgi har försämrat situationen för män diagnostiserade med prostatacancer. Vi kan inte avgöra om de positiva operationsresultaten skulle ha blivit bättre eller sämre om ett utvecklingsprogram för öppen radikal prostatektomi i stället initierats. En nationell studie, LAPPRO, avseende effekterna av de två operationsformerna pågår.
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| 4. |
- Adding, Christofer, et al.
(författare)
-
Robotkirurgi ger bra resultat vid radikal prostatektomi. Prostatacancer kan behandlas mer effektivt och skonsamt
- 2011
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 1652-7518 .- 0023-7205. ; 108:19, s. 1053-1057
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Operationsresultat redovisas för män opererade med radikal prostatektomi – öppen kirurgi jämfört med robotassisterad laparaskopi – under 2002–2006 vid Karolinska universitetssjukhuset, Solna.Män som följdes under minst 1 år besvarade enkätfrågor; 768 robotkirurgiska och 411 öppenkirurgiska operationer utvärderades.Under perioden minskade andelen män med positiv resektionsrand från 37 procent till 22 procent och med erektil dysfunktion från 66 procent till 60 procent. Andelen optimala operationsresultat (»trifecta«) ökade från 19 procent till 28 procent.Vi har inte hittat några indikationer på att införandet av robotkirurgi har försämrat situationen för män diagnostiserade med prostatacancer.Vi kan inte avgöra om de positiva operationsresultaten skulle ha blivit bättre eller sämre om ett utvecklingsprogram för öppen radikal prostatektomi i stället initierats.En nationell studie, LAPPRO, avseende effekterna av de två operationsformerna pågår.
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| 5. |
- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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"Vi klimatforskare stödjer Greta och skolungdomarna"
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 15/3. Sedan industrialiseringens början har vi använt omkring fyra femtedelar av den mängd fossilt kol som får förbrännas för att vi ska klara Parisavtalet. Vi har bara en femtedel kvar och det är bråttom att kraftigt reducera utsläppen. Det har Greta Thunberg och de strejkande ungdomarna förstått. Därför stödjer vi deras krav, skriver 270 klimatforskare.
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| 6. |
- Alfsnes, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
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Retrospective meta-transcriptomic identification of severe dengue in a traveller returning from Africa to Sweden, 1990
- 2021
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Ingår i: One Health. - : Elsevier. - 2352-7714. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pathogens associated with haemorrhagic fever commonly have zoonotic origins. The first documented imported case of likely viral severe haemorrhagic fever in Sweden occurred in 1990. Despite extensive study, no aetiological agent was identified. Following retrospective investigation with total RNA-sequencing of samples collected between 7 and 36 days from onset of symptoms we identified dengue virus 3 (DENV-3) and a human pegivirus (HPgV). We conclude that the patient likely suffered from haemorrhagic symptoms due to an atypical severe and undiagnosed dengue infection.
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| 7. |
- Almlöf, Jonas Carlsson, et al.
(författare)
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Whole-genome sequencing identifies complex contributions to genetic risk by variants in genes causing monogenic systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2019
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Ingår i: Human Genetics. - : SPRINGER. - 0340-6717 .- 1432-1203. ; 138:2, s. 141-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, OMIM 152700) is a systemic autoimmune disease with a complex etiology. The mode of inheritance of the genetic risk beyond familial SLE cases is currently unknown. Additionally, the contribution of heterozygous variants in genes known to cause monogenic SLE is not fully understood. Whole-genome sequencing of DNA samples from 71 Swedish patients with SLE and their healthy biological parents was performed to investigate the general genetic risk of SLE using known SLE GWAS risk loci identified using the ImmunoChip, variants in genes associated to monogenic SLE, and the mode of inheritance of SLE risk alleles in these families. A random forest model for predicting genetic risk for SLE showed that the SLE risk variants were mainly inherited from one of the parents. In the 71 patients, we detected a significant enrichment of ultra-rare (0.1%) missense and nonsense mutations in 22 genes known to cause monogenic forms of SLE. We identified one previously reported homozygous nonsense mutation in the C1QC (Complement C1q C Chain) gene, which explains the immunodeficiency and severe SLE phenotype of that patient. We also identified seven ultra-rare, coding heterozygous variants in five genes (C1S, DNASE1L3, DNASE1, IFIH1, and RNASEH2A) involved in monogenic SLE. Our findings indicate a complex contribution to the overall genetic risk of SLE by rare variants in genes associated with monogenic forms of SLE. The rare variants were inherited from the other parent than the one who passed on the more common risk variants leading to an increased genetic burden for SLE in the child. Higher frequency SLE risk variants are mostly passed from one of the parents to the offspring affected with SLE. In contrast, the other parent, in seven cases, contributed heterozygous rare variants in genes associated with monogenic forms of SLE, suggesting a larger impact of rare variants in SLE than hitherto reported.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Appelgren, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction between solid copper jets and powerful electrical current pulses
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of applied mechanics. - : ASME International. - 0021-8936 .- 1528-9036. ; 78:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interaction between a solid copper jet and an electric current pulse is studied. Copper jets that were created by a shaped-charge device were passed through an electrode configuration consisting of two aluminum plates with a separation distance of 150 mm. The electrodes were connected to a pulsed-power supply delivering a current pulse with amplitudes up to 250 kA. The current and voltages were measured, providing data on energy deposition in the jet and electrode contact region, and flash X-ray diagnostics were used to depict the jet during and after electrification. The shape of, and the velocity distributions along, the jet has been used to estimate the correlation between the jet mass flow through the electrodes and the electrical energy deposition. On average, 2.8 kJ/g was deposited in the jet and electrode region, which is sufficient to bring the jet up to the boiling point. A model based on the assumption of a homogenous current flow through the jet between the electrodes underestimates the energy deposition and the jet resistance by a factor 5 compared with the experiments, indicating a more complex current flow through the jet. The experimental results indicate the following mechanism for the enhancement of jet breakup. When electrified, the natural-formed necks in the jet are subjected to a higher current density compared with other parts of the jet. The higher current density results in a stronger heating and a stronger magnetic pinch force. Eventually, the jet material in the neck is evaporated and explodes electrically, resulting in a radial ejection of vaporized jet material.
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| 12. |
- Ashton, Nicholas J., et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic Accuracy of a Plasma Phosphorylated Tau 217 Immunoassay for Alzheimer Disease Pathology
- 2024
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Ingår i: JAMA NEUROLOGY. - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ImportancePhosphorylated tau (p-tau) is a specific blood biomarker for Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology, with p-tau217 considered to have the most utility. However, availability of p-tau217 tests for research and clinical use has been limited. Expanding access to this highly accurate AD biomarker is crucial for wider evaluation and implementation of AD blood tests. ObjectiveTo determine the utility of a novel and commercially available immunoassay for plasma p-tau217 to detect AD pathology and evaluate reference ranges for abnormal amyloid beta (A beta) and longitudinal change across 3 selected cohorts. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study examined data from 3 single-center observational cohorts: cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the Translational Biomarkers in Aging and Dementia (TRIAD) cohort (visits October 2017-August 2021) and Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (WRAP) cohort (visits February 2007-November 2020) and cross-sectional data from the Sant Pau Initiative on Neurodegeneration (SPIN) cohort (baseline visits March 2009-November 2021). Participants included individuals with and without cognitive impairment grouped by amyloid and tau (AT) status using PET or CSF biomarkers. Data were analyzed from February to June 2023. ExposuresMagnetic resonance imaging, A beta positron emission tomography (PET), tau PET, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (A beta 42/40 and p-tau immunoassays), and plasma p-tau217 (ALZpath pTau217 assay). Main Outcomes and MeasuresAccuracy of plasma p-tau217 in detecting abnormal amyloid and tau pathology, longitudinal p-tau217 change according to baseline pathology status. ResultsThe study included 786 participants (mean [SD] age, 66.3 [9.7] years; 504 females [64.1%] and 282 males [35.9%]). High accuracy was observed in identifying elevated A beta (area under the curve [AUC], 0.92-0.96; 95% CI, 0.89-0.99) and tau pathology (AUC, 0.93-0.97; 95% CI, 0.84-0.99) across all cohorts. These accuracies were comparable with CSF biomarkers in determining abnormal PET signal. The detection of abnormal A beta pathology using a 3-range reference yielded reproducible results and reduced confirmatory testing by approximately 80%. Longitudinally, plasma p-tau217 values showed an annual increase only in A beta-positive individuals, with the highest increase observed in those with tau positivity. Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that a commercially available plasma p-tau217 immunoassay accurately identified biological AD, comparable with results using CSF biomarkers, with reproducible cut-offs across cohorts. It detected longitudinal changes, including at the preclinical stage.
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| 13. |
- Ashton, Nicholas J., et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic accuracy of the plasma ALZpath pTau217 immunoassay to identify Alzheimer's disease pathology.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phosphorylated tau (pTau) is a specific blood biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, with pTau217 considered to have the most utility. However, availability of pTau217 tests for research and clinical use has been limited. Expanding access to this highly accurate AD biomarker is crucial for wider evaluation and implementation of AD blood tests.To determine the utility of a novel and commercially available Single molecule array (Simoa) for plasma pTau217 (ALZpath) to detect AD pathology. To evaluate references ranges for abnormal Aβ across three selected cohorts.Three single-centre observational cohorts were involved in the study: Translational Biomarkers in Aging and Dementia (TRIAD), Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (WRAP), and Sant Pau Initiative on Neurodegeneration (SPIN). MRI, Aβ-PET, and tau-PET data were available for TRIAD and WRAP, while CSF biomarkers were additionally measured in a subset of TRIAD and SPIN. Plasma measurements of pTau181, pTau217 (ALZpath), pTau231, Aβ42/40, GFAP, and NfL, were available for all cohorts. Longitudinal blood biomarker data spanning 3 years for TRIAD and 8 years for WRAP were included.MRI, Aβ-PET, tau-PET, CSF biomarkers (Aβ42/40 and pTau immunoassays) and plasma pTau217 (ALZpath Simoa).The accuracy of plasma pTau217 for detecting abnormal amyloid and tau pathology. Longitudinal pTau217 change according to baseline pathology status.The study included 786 participants (mean [SD] age, 66.3 [9.7] years; 504 females [64.1%]) were included in the study. High accuracy was observed in identifying elevated Aβ (AUC, 0.92-0.96; 95%CI 0.89-0.99) and tau pathology (AUC, 0.93-0.97; 95%CI 0.84-0.99) across all cohorts. These accuracies were significantly higher than other plasma biomarker combinations and comparable to CSF biomarkers. The detection of abnormal Aβ pathology using binary or three-range references yielded reproducible results. Longitudinally, plasma pTau217 showed an annual increase only in Aβ-positive individuals, with the highest increase observed in those with tau-positivity.The ALZpath plasma pTau217 Simoa assay accurately identifies biological AD, comparable to CSF biomarkers, with reproducible cut-offs across cohorts. It detects longitudinal changes, including at the preclinical stage, and is the first widely available, accessible, and scalable blood test for pTau217 detection.
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| 14. |
- Baca, Dejan, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Security-Enhanced Agile Software Development Process Applied in an Industrial Setting
- 2015
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Ingår i: ARES Conference International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security 2015. - : IEEE. - 9781467365901
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A security-enhanced agile software development process, SEAP, is introduced in the development of a mobile money transfer system at Ericsson Corp. A specific characteristic of SEAP is that it includes a security group consisting of four different competences, i.e., Security manager, security architect, security master and penetration tester. Another significant feature of SEAP is an integrated risk analysis process. In analyzing risks in the development of the mobile money transfer system, a general finding was that SEAP either solves risks that were previously postponed or solves a larger proportion of the risks in a timely manner. The previous software development process, i.e., The baseline process of the comparison outlined in this paper, required 2.7 employee hours spent for every risk identified in the analysis process compared to, on the average, 1.5 hours for the SEAP. The baseline development process left 50% of the risks unattended in the software version being developed, while SEAP reduced that figure to 22%. Furthermore, SEAP increased the proportion of risks that were corrected from 12.5% to 67.1%, i.e., More than a five times increment. This is important, since an early correction may avoid severe attacks in the future. The security competence in SEAP accounts for 5% of the personnel cost in the mobile money transfer system project. As a comparison, the corresponding figure, i.e., For security, was 1% in the previous development process.
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| 15. |
- Ballante, Flavio, et al.
(författare)
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Docking Finds GPCR Ligands in Dark Chemical Matter
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 63:2, s. 613-620
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-throughput screening has revealed dark chemical matter, a set of drug-like compounds that has never shown bioactivity despite being extensively assayed. If dark molecules are found active at a therapeutic target, their extraordinary selectivity profiles make excellent starting points for drug development. We explored if ligands of therapeutically relevant G-protein-coupled receptors could be discovered by structure-based virtual screening of the dark chemical matter. Molecular docking screens against crystal structures of the A(2A) adenosine and the D-4 dopamine receptors were carried out, and 53 top-ranked molecules were evaluated experimentally. Two ligands of each receptor were discovered, and the most potent had sub-micromolar affinities. Analysis of bioactivity data showed that the ligands lacked activity at hundreds of off-targets, including several that are associated with adverse effects. Our results demonstrate that virtual screening provides an efficient means to mine the dark chemical space, which could contribute to development of drugs with improved safety profiles.
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| 16. |
- Begnini, Fabio, et al.
(författare)
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Importance of Binding Site Hydration and Flexibility Revealed When Optimizing a Macrocyclic Inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 Protein-Protein Interaction
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 65:4, s. 3473-3517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Upregulation of the transcription factor Nrf2 by inhibition of the interaction with its negative regulator Keap1 constitutes an opportunity for the treatment of disease caused by oxidative stress. We report a structurally unique series of nanomolar Keap1 inhibitors obtained from a natural product-derived macrocyclic lead. Initial exploration of the structure-derived macrocyclic lead. Initial exploration of the structure-activity relationship of the lead, followed by structure-guided optimization, resulted in a 100-fold improvement in inhibitory potency. The macrocyclic core of the nanomolar inhibitors positions three pharmacophore units for productive interactions with key residues of Keap1, including R415, R483, and Y572. Ligand optimization resulted in the displacement of a coordinated water molecule from the Keap1 binding site and a significantly altered thermodynamic profile. In addition, minor reorganizations of R415 and R483 were accompanied by major differences in affinity between ligands. This study therefore indicates the importance of accounting both for the hydration and flexibility of the Keap1 binding site when designing high-affinity ligands.
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| 17. |
- Begnini, Fabio, et al.
(författare)
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Structure-based optimization of a macrocyclic inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 by inhibition of the interaction with its negative regulator Keap1 constitutes a potential opportunity for the treatment of oxidative stress related disease. Although highly potent inhibitors of the Keap1–Nrf2 protein-protein interaction (PPI) have been reported, these compounds are based on a few reoccurring scaffolds. Here, we report a novel, structurally unique series of double-digit nM Keap1 inhibitors obtained by optimization of a natural product-derived macrocyclic lead. Exploration of the structure-activity relationship, followed by structure-based design led to a 100-fold improvement in inhibitory potency compared to the starting point. The macrocyclic core positions the pharmacophores of the inhibitors suitably for productive interactions with key residues of Keap1, including R415 and R483; both of which contribute to the highly polar nature of the binding site for Nrf2. In addition, we discovered that minor, ligand-induced reorganizations of these two arginine residues are accompanied by major differences in binding affinity between compounds in the series.
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| 18. |
- Beldiceanu, Nicolas, et al.
(författare)
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Range-consistent forbidden regions of allen’s relations
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For all 8192 combinations of Allen’s 13 relations between one task with origin oi and fixed length ℓi and another task with origin oj and fixed length ℓj, this paper shows how to systematically derive a formula F (oj, oj, ℓi, ℓj), where oj and oj respectively denote the earliest and the latest origin of task j, evaluating to a set of integers which are infeasible for oi for the given combination. Such forbidden regions allow maintaining range-consistency for an Allen constraint.
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| 19. |
- Bender, Brian J., et al.
(författare)
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A practical guide to large-scale docking
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Protocols. - : Springer Nature. - 1754-2189 .- 1750-2799. ; 16:10, s. 4799-4832
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structure-based docking screens of large compound libraries have become common in early drug and probe discovery. As computer efficiency has improved and compound libraries have grown, the ability to screen hundreds of millions, and even billions, of compounds has become feasible for modest-sized computer clusters. This allows the rapid and cost-effective exploration and categorization of vast chemical space into a subset enriched with potential hits for a given target. To accomplish this goal at speed, approximations are used that result in undersampling of possible configurations and inaccurate predictions of absolute binding energies. Accordingly, it is important to establish controls, as are common in other fields, to enhance the likelihood of success in spite of these challenges. Here we outline best practices and control docking calculations that help evaluate docking parameters for a given target prior to undertaking a large-scale prospective screen, with exemplification in one particular target, the melatonin receptor, where following this procedure led to direct docking hits with activities in the subnanomolar range. Additional controls are suggested to ensure specific activity for experimentally validated hit compounds. These guidelines should be useful regardless of the docking software used. Docking software described in the outlined protocol (DOCK3.7) is made freely available for academic research to explore new hits for a range of targets. Structure-based docking screens of compound libraries are common in early drug and probe discovery. This protocol outlines best practices and control calculations to evaluate docking parameters prior to undertaking a large-scale prospective screen.
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| 20. |
- Bjerner, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Baseline Serum Prostate-specific Antigen Value Predicts the Risk of Subsequent Prostate Cancer Death-Results from the Norwegian Prostate Cancer Consortium.
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Urology. - 0302-2838.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in midlife are strongly associated with the long-term risk of lethal prostate cancer in cohorts not subject to screening. This is the first study evaluating the association between PSA levels drawn as part of routine medical care in the Norwegian population and prostate cancer incidence and mortality.To determine the association between midlife PSA levels <4.0 ng/ml, drawn as part of routine medical care, and long-term risk of prostate cancer death.The Norwegian Prostate Cancer Consortium collected >8 million PSA results from >1 million Norwegian males ≥40 yr of age. We studied 176099 men (predefined age strata: 40-54 and 55-69 yr) without a prior prostate cancer diagnosis who had a nonelevated baseline PSA level (<4.0 ng/ml) between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2005.Baseline PSA.We assessed the 16-yr risk of prostate cancer mortality. We calculated the discrimination (C-index) between predefined PSA strata (<0.5, 0.5-0.9, 1.0-1.9, 2.0-2.9, and 3.0-3.9 ng/ml) and subsequent prostate cancer death. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method.The median follow-up time of men who did not get prostate cancer was 17.9 yr. Overall, 84% of men had a baseline PSA level of <2.0 ng/ml and 1346 men died from prostate cancer, with 712 deaths (53%) occurring in the 16% of men with the highest baseline PSA of 2.0-3.9 ng/ml. Baseline PSA levels were associated with prostate cancer mortality (C-index 0.72 for both age groups, 40-54 and 55-69 yr). The fact that the reason for any given PSA measurement remains unknown represents a limitation.We replicated prior studies that baseline PSA at age 40-69 yr can be used to stratify a man's risk of dying from prostate cancer within the next 15-20 yr.A prostate-specific antigen level obtained as part of routine medical care is strongly associated with a man's risk of dying from prostate cancer in the next two decades.
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| 21. |
- Blomqvist, Marjut, 1966-
(författare)
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Health among people with psychotic disorders and effects of an individualized lifestyle intervention to promote health
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of the thesis was to increase knowledge of health among people with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and other long-term psychotic conditions. The aim was also to investigate health effects, in terms of clinical health outcomes and self-reported questionnaires, of atwo-year individualized lifestyle intervention implemented in psychiatric outpatient services involving cooperation with the municipal social psychiatry services. The motivation for the study was to generate new knowledge in order to be able to promote health in people with psychotic disorders and to improve the care and support provided for this target group. The thesis consists of four studies. A quantitative study (Study I), was conducted using a cross-sectional design to investigate the prevalence of overweight, obesity, risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the relationships between self-rated salutogenic health, sense of coherence, CVD risk, and body mass index among people with psychoticdisorders (n=57). The study was conducted in four psychiatric outpatient services; questionnaires were completed by the participants and clinical health measurements were collected by the participant’s contact nurse at the psychiatric outpatient services. The participants showed a moderate/high risk of CVD, the mean for BMI was 31.9 (59.6% were obese) and 31.6% were overweight. The results did not reveal any relationships between the subjective and objective measuresof health indicating the need for both subjective and objective assessments of health in psychiatric care. In a qualitative study (Study II), data were collected with semi-structured interviews (n=16) andanalyzed with qualitative content analysis. The interviews resulted in an overall theme “Being regarded as a whole human being by self and others”, which showed the multidimensional nature of health and the issues that enable healthy living among people with severe mental illness. Three categories emerged: (i) everyday structure (ii), motivating life events and (iii) support from significant others. The results indicate that a person with severe mental illness needs to be encountered as a wholeperson if healthy living is to be enabled. In a quasi-experimental study (Study III), the potential effects of participation in the two-year lifestyle intervention (intervention group n=54 and control group (n=13) were investigated. The data were collected at baseline, after 12 months and after 24 months using the self-reported questionnaire the Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale (SHIS), the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25) and the National Public Health Survey. Measures of clinical healthoutcomes were conducted by the participant’s contact nurse at the psychiatric outpatient services. Multilevel modeling was used to test differences in changes over time. Significant changes were foundin physical activity, HbA1c and waist circumference after participation in individualized lifestyle intervention. The relationship between changes in physical activity, levels of salutogenic health and glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac) were investigated (n=54) in Study IV. The data were collected atbaseline, after 12 months and after 24 months using the self-reported questionnaires Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale (SHIS) and National Public Health Survey. Within-person changes in physical activity between baseline and at the end of the twenty-four-month intervention were calculated. Selfreported increased physical activity was positively associated with self-rated salutogenic health and negatively associated with level of HbA1c after participation in the intervention. The thesis shows that a well-founded assessment of general health needs must consider both the individual's subjective experiences and objective measurements in order to form a solid foundation for dialogue and shareddecision-making about essential care services. The results also show that it is possible to stimulate healthy behavioral changes with a two-year individualized lifestyle intervention and bring both subjectively and objectively measured health benefits for people with psychotic disorders. The importance of nurses in psychiatric care applying a holistic approach and integrating lifestyle interventions into daily person-centered psychiatric care in collaboration with other healthcare providers to facilitate changes towards a healthy lifestyle in persons with psychotic illness is emphasized in the thesis.
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| 22. |
- Blomqvist, Marjut, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Health effects of an individualized lifestyle intervention for people with psychotic disorders in psychiatric outpatient services : a two year follow-up
- 2019
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Ingår i: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - Philadelphia : Taylor & Francis. - 0161-2840 .- 1096-4673. ; 40:10, s. 839-850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People with psychotic disorders experience to a great extent avoidable physical illnesses and early mortality. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential effects for this group of participating in a lifestyle intervention. A multi-component nurse-led lifestyle intervention using quasi-experimental design was performed. Changes in biomedical and clinical measurements, self-reported health, symptoms of illness and health behavior were investigated. Multilevel modeling was used to statistically test differences in changes over time. Statistically significant changes were found in physical activity, HbA1c and waist circumference. A lifestyle intervention for people with severe mental illness can be beneficial for increasing physical activity.
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| 23. |
- Blomqvist, Marjut, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Health risks among people with severe mental illness in psychiatric outpatient settings
- 2018
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Ingår i: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - Philadelphia : Taylor & Francis. - 0161-2840 .- 1096-4673. ; 39:7, s. 585-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Life expectancy is greatly reduced in patients with schizophrenia, and cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and to investigate the relationships between self-rated health, sense of coherence, CVD risk, and body mass index (BMI) among people with severe mental illness (SMI) in psychiatric outpatient settings. Nearly 50% of the participants were exposed to moderate/high risk of CVD and over 50% were obese. The results showed no statistically relationships between the subjective and objective measures (Bayes factor <1) of health. The integration of physical health into clinical psychiatric nursing practice is vital.
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| 24. |
- Blomqvist, Marjut, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between Physical Activity and Health Outcomes in Persons with Psychotic Disorders after Participation in a 2-Year Individualized Lifestyle Intervention
- 2023
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Ingår i: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - Philadelphia, PA : Taylor & Francis. - 0161-2840 .- 1096-4673. ; 44:7, s. 629-638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People with psychotic disorders have a significantly increased risk of physical diseases and excessive mortality rates. The aim of the study was to investigate relationships between changes in physical activity, levels of salutogenic health, and glycated hemoglobin among people with psychotic disorders after participation in an individualized lifestyle intervention. The results from analyses showed that self-reported increased physical activity was positively associated with the level of salutogenic health and negatively associated with the level of HbA1c on an individual level. The results indicate that coordinated, individualized, holistic and health-promoting nursing care is crucial to enabling enhanced lifestyle within this vulnerable target group. © 2023 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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| 25. |
- Bock, Jelena, et al.
(författare)
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Validation and reproducibility of cardiovascular 4D-flow MRI from two vendors using 2 × 2 parallel imaging acceleration in pulsatile flow phantom and in vivo with and without respiratory gating
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: 4D-flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used. Purpose: To validate 4D-flow sequences in phantom and in vivo, comparing volume flow and kinetic energy (KE) head-to-head, with and without respiratory gating. Material and Methods: Achieva dStream (Philips Healthcare) and MAGNETOM Aera (Siemens Healthcare) 1.5-T scanners were used. Phantom validation measured pulsatile, three-dimensional flow with 4D-flow MRI and laser particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) as reference standard. Ten healthy participants underwent three cardiac MRI examinations each, consisting of cine-imaging, 2D-flow (aorta, pulmonary artery), and 2 × 2 accelerated 4D-flow with (Resp+) and without (Resp−) respiratory gating. Examinations were acquired consecutively on both scanners and one examination repeated within two weeks. Volume flow in the great vessels was compared between 2D- and 4D-flow. KE were calculated for all time phases and voxels in the left ventricle. Results: Phantom results showed high accuracy and precision for both scanners. In vivo, higher accuracy and precision (P < 0.001) was found for volume flow for the Aera prototype with Resp+ (–3.7 ± 10.4 mL, r = 0.89) compared to the Achieva product sequence (–17.8 ± 18.6 mL, r = 0.56). 4D-flow Resp− on Aera had somewhat larger bias (–9.3 ± 9.6 mL, r = 0.90) compared to Resp+ (P = 0.005). KE measurements showed larger differences between scanners on the same day compared to the same scanner at different days. Conclusion: Sequence-specific in vivo validation of 4D-flow is needed before clinical use. 4D-flow with the Aera prototype sequence with a clinically acceptable acquisition time (<10 min) showed acceptable bias in healthy controls to be considered for clinical use. Intra-individual KE comparisons should use the same sequence.
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| 26. |
- Bocké, Alice, et al.
(författare)
-
Utvärdering av återvinning av CFC i byggisoleringsmaterial
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mycket har gjorts när det gäller tydligare regler och information kring hur avfallet skaomhändertas men det som brister är den praktiska hanteringen vid rivning av byggnader.En huvudorsak är att det är svårt att identifiera CFC vid rivning samt att det är dyrt atttransportera och destruera stora rivningsmassor. Det finns dessutom endast ett fåtalanläggningar i Sverige som har möjlighet att ta hand om byggmaterial innehållande CFC.Eftersom varje omhändertaget kilo CFC är mycket värt (i form av minskat behov avkostnader för klimatanpassning samt kostnader för skador från ett tunt ozonskikt) ser viatt det finns ett värde i att arbeta för en lösning som gör att insamlingen kommer igång såfort som möjligt.Utifrån IVL:s rapport (2012) uppskattas 8 ton CFC från isolermaterial lämnas in tilldestruktion per år och att över 72 ton CFC från isoleringsmaterial inte lämnas in påmiljöriktig avfallshantering per år. WSP:s bedömning är att uppskattningarna i tidigarestudier är rimliga42, men att mängden CFC som lämnas in till destruktion tyvärr äröverskattad.En kunskapshöjning i branschen om i vilka typer av material CFC förekommer, hur manidentifierar det och vilka skador det orsakar, är grundläggande förutsättningar för enbättre hantering av dessa material.Beställare av rivningsarbeten har en viktig funktion i hur CFC-haltigt material hanteras.Juridiskt är det byggherren/fastighetsägarens ansvar att ta reda på om FA, däribland CFC,kommer att uppstå vid en rivning och se till att detta omhändertas på ett korrekt sätt. Detfinns redan idag ekonomiska drivkrafter vid fragmenterings- ochförbränningsanläggningarna som skulle kunna användas om bara kunskapsnivån hosberörda aktörer var högre. Viljan att göra rätt ska dessutom inte underskattas. Vårbedömning är att en kommunikationssatsning riktad till främst beställarledet skulle medrelativt små medel kunna ge en ganska stor effekt. Ökad kunskap hos fastighetsägare omatt CFC använts i fler applikationer än köldmedier kan bidra till en ökad förståelse förhögre avfallskostnader. Det offentliga kan ha en stor roll att spela när det gällerkravställningar vid ombyggnation av allmännyttan, bland annat i miljonprogrammen.Vasakronan, Jernhusen och liknande aktörer är också viktiga att nå inför storaombyggnader av kontorslokaler för att betona vikten av fungerande rutiner för rättomhändertagande av CFC vid ombyggnation. Genom sin storlek kan allmännyttan bli enviktig aktör för att öka volymerna.
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| 27. |
- Boiso, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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ABCB1 gene polymorphisms are associated with suicide in forensic autopsies
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Pharmacogenetics & Genomics. - : Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. - 1744-6872 .- 1744-6880. ; 23:9, s. 463-469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Polymorphisms in ABCB1 have the ability to affect both the function and the expression of the transporter protein P-glycoprotein and may lead to an altered response for many drugs including some antidepressants and antipsychotics.Objective The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the ABCB1 polymorphisms 1199Gandgt;A, 1236Candgt;T, 2677Gandgt;T/A, and 3435Candgt;T in deaths by suicide.Patients and methods A total of 998 consecutive Swedish forensic autopsies performed in 2008 in individuals 18 years of age or older, where femoral blood was available and a toxicological screening had been performed, were investigated. Genotypes were assessed with pyrosequencing and information on the cause and manner of each death was obtained from the forensic pathology and toxicology databases.Results There was a significantly higher frequency of the T allele at positions 1236, 2677, and 3435 among the suicide cases compared with the nonsuicide cases.Conclusion Our result from forensic cases suggests that ABCB1 polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk for completed suicides. The biological mechanisms involved and the clinical implications for these findings are largely unknown and need to be examined further.
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| 28. |
- Boldt, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Spyware Effects
- 2004
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we discuss various types of spyware programs, their behaviour, how they typically infect computers, and the propagation of new varieties of spyware programs. In two experiments, we investigate the occurrence and impact of spyware programs found in popular P2P applications. Based on the findings from the empirical investigations, we try to lift the perspective to a more general view on spyware deriving from the theory of (virtual) network effects. In a model, we categorize in what ways spyware might decrease the utility of belonging to a large virtual network. Here, the baseline is that spyware programs intrude systems and networks, but since they profit from user data they also intrude user privacy. In the model, the intrusions are classified as moderate, severe or disastrous. We found that spyware has the potential to overthrow the positive aspects of belonging to a large network, and network owners should therefore be very careful about permitting such programs in applications and on networks.
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| 29. |
- Boldt, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Spyware Effects
- 2007
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Ingår i: Spyware. - Hyderabad : ICFAI University Press. - 9788131407264 ; , s. 39-58
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 30. |
- Boldt, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Introducing a Novel Security-Enhanced Agile Software Development Process
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Secure Software Engineering. - : IGI Global. - 1947-3036 .- 1947-3044. ; 8:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a novel security-enhanced agile software development process, SEAP, is introduced. It has been designed, tested, and implemented at Ericsson AB, specifically in the development of a mobile money transfer system. Two important features of SEAP are 1) that it includes additional security competences, and 2) that it includes the continuous conduction of an integrated risk analysis for identifying potential threats. As a general finding of implementing SEAP in software development, the developers solve a large proportion of the risks in a timely, yet cost-efficient manner. The default agile software development process at Ericsson AB, i.e. where SEAP was not included, required significantly more employee hours spent for every risk identified compared to when integrating SEAP. The default development process left 50.0% of the risks unattended in the software version that was released, while the application of SEAP reduced that figure to 22.5%. Furthermore, SEAP increased the proportion of risks that were corrected from 12.5% to 67.9%, a more than five times increment.
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| 31. |
- Boldt, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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On the risk exposure of smart home automation systems
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings 2014 International Conferenceon Future Internet of Things and Cloud. - : IEEE Computer Society Digital Library. - 9781479943579
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A recent study has shown that more than every fourth person in Sweden feels that they have poor knowledge and control over their energy use, and that four out of ten would like to be more aware and to have better control over their consumption [5]. A solution is to provide the householders with feedback on their energy consumption, for instance, through a smart home automation system [10]. Studies have shown that householders can reduce energy consumption with up to 20% when gaining such feedback [5] [10]. Home automation is a prime example of a smart environment built on various types of cyber-physical systems generating volumes of diverse, heterogeneous, complex, and distributed data from a multitude of applications and sensors. Thereby, home automation is also an example of an Internet of Things (IoT) scenario, where a communication network extends the present Internet by including everyday items and sensors [22]. Home automation is attracting more and more attention from commercial actors, such as, energy suppliers, infrastructure providers, and third party software and hardware vendors [8] [10]. Among the non-commercial stake-holders, there are various governmental institutions, municipalities, as well as, end-users.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Bolin, Karin, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Variants in BANK1 are associated with lupus nephritis
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is a cause of significant morbidity in SLE. While the genetic background to SLE has been well characterized, less is known about genes predisposing to LN.Methods: The study consisted of 2886 SLE patients, including 947 (33%) with LN. The discovery cohort (Sweden, n=1091) and replication cohort 1 (US, n=962) were genotyped on the Immunochip and replication cohort 2 (Norway/Denmark, n=833) on a custom array chip. Allele frequencies were compared between patients with LN, proliferative nephritis, end-stage renal disease and LN negative patients. SNPs with p-value <0.001 in the discovery cohort were analyzed in replication cohort 1. Ten SNPs associated with LN in the discovery cohort (p<0.0002) were genotyped in replication cohort 2. DNA methylation data were available for 180 LN patients from the discovery cohort.Results: In the discovery cohort, six gene loci were associated with LN (p<1x10-4, NFKBIA, CACNA1S, ITGA1, BANK1, OR2Y and PHCA). SNPs in BANK1 showed the strongest association with LN in replication cohort 1 (p=9.5x10-4), with a tendency for an association in replication cohort 2 (p=0.052). In a meta-analysis of all three cohorts the association between LN and BANK1 rs4699259, was strengthened (p=1.7x10‑7). There were no associations to proliferative nephritis or ESRD in the meta-analysis. Methylation quantitative trait loci (MeQTL) effects between a CpG site and several SNPs in BANK1 were identified.Conclusion: Genetic variations in BANK1 are associated with LN. There is evidence for genetic regulation of DNA methylation within the BANK1 locus, however, the exact role of BANK1 in LN pathogenesis remains to be elucidated.
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| 34. |
- Bolin, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Variants in BANK1 are associated with lupus nephritis of European ancestry
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Genes and Immunity. - : Springer Nature. - 1466-4879 .- 1476-5470. ; 22:3, s. 194-202
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genetic background of lupus nephritis (LN) has not been completely elucidated. We performed a case-only study of 2886 SLE patients, including 947 (33%) with LN. Renal biopsies were available from 396 patients. The discovery cohort (Sweden, n = 1091) and replication cohort 1 (US, n = 962) were genotyped on the Immunochip and replication cohort 2 (Denmark/Norway, n = 833) on a custom array. Patients with LN, proliferative nephritis, or LN with end-stage renal disease were compared with SLE without nephritis. Six loci were associated with LN (p < 1 × 10−4, NFKBIA, CACNA1S, ITGA1, BANK1, OR2Y, and ACER3) in the discovery cohort. Variants in BANK1 showed the strongest association with LN in replication cohort 1 (p = 9.5 × 10−4) and proliferative nephritis in a meta-analysis of discovery and replication cohort 1. There was a weak association between BANK1 and LN in replication cohort 2 (p = 0.052), and in the meta-analysis of all three cohorts the association was strengthened (p = 2.2 × 10−7). DNA methylation data in 180 LN patients demonstrated methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTL) effects between a CpG site and BANK1 variants. To conclude, we describe genetic variations in BANK1 associated with LN and evidence for genetic regulation of DNA methylation within the BANK1 locus. This indicates a role for BANK1 in LN pathogenesis.
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| 35. |
- Bornmalm, Lennart, 1956, et al.
(författare)
-
Ö-varvet 100 år 1916 – 2016
- 2017
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nittonhundratalet är det århundrade som i allmänhet karaktäriseras av stora framsteg inom det tekniska området, vilket bidragit till att omfattande innovationer gjorts. Även fiskerinäringen har förändrats påtagligt under de senaste hundra åren jämfört med tidigare. Fiskebåtarna motoriserades och förbättrades både när det gäller större och bättre fiskeredskap och effektiv elektronik, där framför allt sofistikerade akustiska fiskletningsinstrument har revolutionerat fisket. Under perioden fram till och med andra världskriget expanderade den havsgående motoriserade fiskeflottan. Genom denna utbyggnad följde också en helt ny industri i skärgården, nämligen båtvarv, slipanläggningar och mekaniska verkstäder. Det var närheten till Göteborg och möjligheten att få avsättning för stora kvantiteter färsk fisk som bidrog till att fiskerinäringen expanderade i detta område. Huvudsakligen ökade den motoriserade fiskeflottan i Göteborgs norra och södra skärgård, där fiskesamhällena inom Öckerö kommun blev de viktigaste. Dessa fiskelag började tidigt bedriva fiske i Nordsjön. Stora fiskeflottor växte fram i samhällena och snart blev det efterfrågan på egna varvsanläggningar på de större öarna inom kommunen. På Öckerö anlades tidigt en enkel slipanläggning med smedja. Genom motoriseringen ökade efterfrågan på mekaniskt arbete och goda kunskaper om motorer. Ernst Backman, som var utbildad både i ekonomi och motorkunskap, flyttade till Öckerö 1916 och blev verksam vid den lokala slipen. Han vann snabbt stort förtroende bland befolkningen inte enbart inom Öckerö kommun utan längs hela västkusten och efter några år lät han bygga ut slipanläggningen och den mekaniska verkstaden. Öckerö blev med tiden en av de mest varvstäta kommunerna i Sverige. Här fanns båtvarv på sex av tio bebodda öar. Hälsö och Öckerö hade till och med två anläggningar vardera. Detta berodde på att fiskerinäringen inom kommunen var mycket expansiv under 1900-talets första hälft. Perioden mellan 1945 och 1965 var troligen den ekonomiskt mest betydelsefulla under hela 1900-talet. Sillbeståndet i Nordsjön hade under kriget ökat mycket kraftigt och fångstkvantiteterna steg för varje år. I slutet av 1960-talet minskade dock tillgången på sill påtagligt med lägre förtjänster som följd. Detta medförde att fiskerinäringen fick avsevärt färre utövare och fiskeflottan reducerades märkbart under senare delen av 1900-talet. Följaktligen minskade då behovet av fiskebåtsvarv och mekaniska verkstäder i skärgården, vilka lagt ned eller övergått till annan verksamhet. Fiskerinäringens omstrukturering under senare år har inneburit färre men i många fall större enheter. Idag är Ö-varvet ett modernt skeppsvarv med specialitet på tonnage upp till 1 000 ton och en av få kvarvarande varvsanläggningar längs kusten. I föreliggande bok berättas om Ö-varvet och dess intressanta och mångskiftande historia.
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| 36. |
- Bratt, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
The Study of Active Monitoring in Sweden (SAMS) : A randomized study comparing two different follow-up schedules for active surveillance of low-risk prostate cancer
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 47:5, s. 347-355
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Only a minority of patients with low-risk prostate cancer needs treatment, but the methods for optimal selection of patients for treatment are not established. This article describes the Study of Active Monitoring in Sweden (SAMS), which aims to improve those methods. Material and methods. SAMS is a prospective, multicentre study of active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer. It consists of a randomized part comparing standard rebiopsy and follow-up with an extensive initial rebiopsy coupled with less intensive follow-up and no further scheduled biopsies (SAMS-FU), as well as an observational part (SAMS-ObsQoL). Quality of life is assessed with questionnaires and compared with patients receiving primary curative treatment. SAMS-FU is planned to randomize 500 patients and SAMS-ObsQoL to include at least 500 patients during 5 years. The primary endpoint is conversion to active treatment. The secondary endpoints include symptoms, distant metastases and mortality. All patients will be followed for 10-15 years. Results. Inclusion started in October 2011. In March 2013, 148 patients were included at 13 Swedish urological centres. Conclusions. It is hoped that the results of SAMS will contribute to fewer patients with indolent, low-risk prostate cancer receiving unnecessary treatment and more patients on active surveillance who need treatment receiving it when the disease is still curable. The less intensive investigational follow-up in the SAMS-FU trial would reduce the healthcare resources allocated to this large group of patients if it replaced the present standard schedule.
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| 37. |
- Bratt, Ola, 1963, et al.
(författare)
-
The Value of an Extensive Transrectal Repeat Biopsy with Anterior Sampling in Men on Active Surveillance for Low-risk Prostate Cancer: A Comparison from the Randomised Study of Active Monitoring in Sweden (SAMS)
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 76:4, s. 461-466
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A systematic repeat biopsy is recommended for men starting on active surveillance for prostate cancer, but the optimal number and distribution of cores are unknown. Objective: To evaluate an extensive repeat transrectal biopsy with anterior sampling in men starting on active surveillance. Design, setting, and participants: Randomised multicentre trial. From 2012 to 2016, 340 Swedish men, aged 40-75 yr, with recently diagnosed low-volume Gleason grade group 1 prostate cancer were included. Intervention: Either an extensive transrectal biopsy with anterior sampling (median 19 cores) or a standard transrectal biopsy (median 12 cores). Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Primary outcome measure: Gleason grade group >= 2 cancer. Secondary outcomes: Cancer in anteriorly directed biopsy cores and postbiopsy infection. Nonparametric statistical tests were applied. Results and limitations: Gleason grade group >= 2 cancer was detected in 16% of 156 men who had an extensive biopsy and in 10% of 164 men who had a standard biopsy, a 5.7% difference (95% confidence interval [CI]-0.2% to 13%, p = 0.09). There was a strong linear association between prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density and cancer in the anteriorly directed biopsy cores. The odds ratios for cancer in the anteriorly directed cores were for any cancer 2.2 (95% CI 1.3-3.9, p = 0.004) and for Gleason grade group >= 2 cancer 2.3 (95% CI 1.2-4.4, p = 0.015) per 0.1-ng/ml/cm(3) increments. Postbiopsy infections were equally common in the two groups. A limitation is that magnetic resonance imaging was not used. Conclusions: The trial did not support general use of the extensive transrectal repeat biopsy template, but cancer in the anteriorly directed cores was common, particularly in men with high PSA density. The higher the PSA density, the stronger the reason to include anterior sampling at a systematic repeat biopsy. Patient summary: This trial compared two different templates for transrectal prostate biopsy in men starting on active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer. Cancer was often found in the front part of the prostate, which is not sampled on a standard prostate biopsy. (C) 2019 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 38. |
- Buizza, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
-
The Transcriptional Landscape of Pericytes in Acute Ischemic Stroke
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Translational Stroke Research. - 1868-4483.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current treatment options for ischemic stroke aim to achieve reperfusion but are time critical. Novel therapeutic approaches that can be given beyond the limited time window of 3–4.5 h are still an unmet need to be addressed to improve stroke outcomes. The lack of oxygen and glucose in the area of ischemic injury initiates a pathological cascade leading to blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, inflammation, and neuronal cell death, a process that may be intercepted to limit stroke progression. Pericytes located at the blood/brain interface are one of the first responders to hypoxia in stroke and therefore a potential target cell for early stroke interventions. Using single-cell RNA sequencing in a mouse model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, we investigated the temporal differences in transcriptomic signatures in pericytes at 1, 12, and 24 h after stroke. Our results reveal a stroke-specific subcluster of pericytes that is present at 12 and 24 h and characterized by the upregulation of genes mainly related to cytokine signaling and immune response. This study identifies temporal transcriptional changes in the acute phase of ischemic stroke that reflect the early response of pericytes to the ischemic insult and its secondary consequences and may constitute potential future therapeutic targets.
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| 39. |
- Bäckstrand, Jenny, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
A method for customer-driven purchasing
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Operations Management at the Heart of the Recovery. - : International Annual EurOMA Conference.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 40. |
- Börjesson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Altered proinsulin conversion in rat pancreatic islets exposed long-term to various glucose concentrations or interleukin-1{beta}
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Endocrinology. - : Bioscientifica. - 0022-0795 .- 1479-6805. ; 192:2, s. 381-387
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to elucidate a possible relationship between beta-cell function and conversion of proinsulin to insulin, isolated rat pancreatic islets were maintained in tissue culture for 1 week at various glucose concentrations (5 x 6-56 mM). Studies were also conducted on islets cultured for 48 h with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). By pulse-chase labelling and immunoprecipitation, the relative contents of newly synthesized proinsulin and insulin were determined. ELISA was used to analyse insulin and proinsulin content in medium and within islets. Using real-time PCR, the mRNA levels of proinsulin converting enzymes (PC1 and PC2) were studied. Islets cultured at 56 mM glucose had an increased proportion of newly synthesized proinsulin when compared with islets cultured at 5 x 6 mM glucose after a 90-min chase periods, however, no difference was observed after culture at 11 and 28 mM glucose. ELISA measurements revealed that culture at increased glucose concentrations as well as islet exposure to IL-1beta increased proinsulin accumulation in the culture media. The mRNA expression of PC1 was increased after culture at 11 and 28 mM glucose. Treatment for 48 h with IL-1beta increased the proportion of proinsulin both at 45 and 90 min when compared with control islets. These islets also displayed a decreased mRNA level of PC1 as well as PC2. Calculations of the half-time for proinsulin demonstrated a significant prolongation after treatment with IL-1beta. We conclude that a sustained functional stimulation by glucose of islets is coupled to a decreased conversion of proinsulin which is also true for islets treated with IL-1beta. This may contribute to the elevated levels of proinsulin found both at the onset of type 1 diabetes as well as in type 2 diabetes.
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| 41. |
- Börjesson, Andreas, 1976-
(författare)
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Investigations of Strategies to Counteract Proinflammatory Cytokines in Experimental Type 1 Diabetes
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease targeted against the pancreatic β-cells. Proinflammatory cytokines are considered to play a major role in the destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells. This thesis studied strategies to counteract proinflammatory cytokines in experimental T1D. Both animal models for T1D as well as β-cell preparations exposed in vitro to putative noxious conditions were examined.In the first study we observed that cytokine treatment of mouse pancreatic islets lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induced a prolongation of the early stimulatory phase of glucose stimulated insulin secretion. Various experiments led to the conclusion that this prolonged stimulatory effect may involve the DAG/PLD/PKC pathway.Next, we transplanted mouse islets deficient in iNOS to spontaneously diabetic NOD mice. We observed a normalization of hyperglycemia but not a delayed allograft rejection compared to transplanted wild type islets. Thus, absence of iNOS in the graft was not sufficient to prolong allograft survival.In paper III we found that sustained glucose stimulation of rat pancreatic islets was coupled to a decreased conversion of proinsulin to insulin. Islet treatment with IL-1β was also coupled to a decreased proinsulin conversion. Islet proconvertase activity may be a target in islet damage.In paper IV prolactin (PRL) was administered to mice in the multiple low dose streptozotocin model and we observed that PRL enhanced a Th2 response. This may contribute to the protective action by PRL in this model of autoimmune T1D.Finally, by examining β-cells overexpressing Suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS-3) it was found that this could inhibit IL-1β induced signalling through the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. SOCS-3 overexpression also inhibited apoptosis induced by cytokines in primary β-cells. Lastly, we demonstrated that SOCS-3 transgenic islets were protected in an allogeneic transplantation model.
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| 42. |
- Carlsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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An electronic tongue as a tool for wet-end monitoring
- 2001
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 16:4, s. 319-326
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An electronic tongue based on voltammetry and multivariate signal analysis has been evaluated as a tool for characterisation of the chemistry of the wet-end of a paper machine. Measurements were performed on head-box furnish samples from a tissue machine. PLS models, based on electronic tongue data, were made of five reference parameters - pH, conductivity, cationic demand, zeta potential and turbidity. The correlation coefficients for predicted values were for all parameters higher than 0.88. Highly correlated reference parameters might be part of the explanation for the high correlation factors. Still the results, being based on data without e.g. drift compensation, indicate that the electronic tongue has very promising features as a tool for wet-end control. Flexibility, fast response and wide sensitivity spectra make the electronic tongue suitable for a variety of applications.
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| 43. |
- Carlsson, Axel C., et al.
(författare)
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High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T levels in the emergency department in patients with chest pain but no myocardial infarction
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 228, s. 253-259
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) was recently introduced into clinical practice. The increased sensitivity has decreased the specificity. We aimed to determine the predictors for and prevalence of hs-cTnT levels above the 99th percentile in a stable population of patients without myocardial infarction (MI) who sought medical attention for chest pain in the emergency department. Methods: We included 11,847 patients with chest pain and at least one hs-cTnT measurement during 2011 and 2012. Patients with any acute reasons for an elevated hs-cTnT level were excluded. We used logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for the association between patient characteristics and hs-cTnT levels of >14 ng/L. We also determined 50th, 75th, 97.5th, and 99th percentile values of hs-cTnT levels in relation to age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and presence or absence of comorbidities. Results: In total, 1360 (11%) patients had hs-cTnT levels of >14 ng/L. Men had higher troponin levels than women, and older patients had higher levels than younger patients. The strongest predictor of an elevated troponin level was a reduced eGFR. The 99th percentile for hs-cTnT among all men and among women <50 years of age with normal renal function was 20 and 12 ng/L, respectively; this level increased to 44 and 36 ng/L, respectively, at the age of 70-79 years. Conclusions: A hs-cTnT level above the 99th percentile in patients with chest pain but no MI is common and is related to sex, age, and eGFR.
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| 44. |
- Carlsson, Andreas
(författare)
-
Enkla geometrier
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Trots gjutindustrins stora möjligheter att gjuta komplicerade detaljer i sandgjuten aluminium finns ännu idag problem med att gjuta de enklaste geometrier. En enkel geometri kan till exempel vara en platta, cylinder eller något som har stora plana ytor utan geometriförändringar och ofta en relativt tunn väggtjocklek (låg modul). Det finns också andra typer av enkla geometrier såsom klot eller någon annan typ av komponent med liten area i förhållande till sin volym (hög modul). För att nå kvalité i sin gjutna komponent är en grundförutsättning att använda en så ren smälta som möjligt En av de viktigaste riktlinjerna att följa är att hålla smältans hastighet låg. För aluminium är det cirka 0,3 m/s för att inte orsaka turbulens i smältan. Gjutsimulering är ett bra (och ibland nödvändigt) verktyg för att stödja och utvärdera beredningen. Med hjälp av simulering kan många av defekttyperna minimeras eller undvikas helt. En enkel platta togs fram och gjutsimulerades för att illustrera gjutfenomen. Stelningsförloppet är fundamentalt. Ett riktat stelnande där detaljen, efter inlett stelnande, riktat stelnar genom detaljen mot eventuella matare. Även en fiktiv kon simulerades och bland annat problematik med mötande smältfronter blev tydlig. Även för enkla geometrier krävs en god beredning. Följande punkter bör tas i beaktning: Smältans hastighet bör inte överstiga 0,3 m/s och ska inte överstiga 0,5 m/s. Orientering av gjutsystem. o Lägg gjutsystemet så den större delen av gjutgodset hamnar relativt lågt och minimera höjden. Placera öppna ytor nedåt Delning o Placera delningsplanet så lågt som möjligt i förhållande till gjutgodset och genom den största tvärsnittsarean i gjutgodset Matare o Undvik i första hand matare om möjligt. Följ annars anvisningar för matning Expanderande system o Använd expanderande ingjutsystem. I ett expanderande system ökar areorna genom ingjutsystemet och håller smältans hastighet låg Stigande fyllnad o En stigande fyllnad ger ett lugnt formfyllnadsförlopp utan onödig turbulens i smältan Nedlopp o Nedloppet styr metalflödet genom gjutsystemet. Höjden styrs av gjutgodset och eventuell toppmatare Inlopp o Inloppen bör sitta mot tjockare sektioner på godset. Lägg inloppen i flödesriktningen för att undvika erosion och turbulens. Flera inlopp kan användas för att minska risken för oönskade värmecentra Skapa ett riktat stelnande och håll matarvägar öppna Undvik stora plana horisontella ytor, luta formen vid behov Var vaksam mot mötande smältfronter. Kan komponenten gjutas stående? Gjutsimulera o Gjutsimulera för att göra rätt från början För övrigt bör även: Gasinnehållet i smältan minimeras o Gjut inte med för hög temperatur o Tänk på fukten
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| 45. |
- Carlsson, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Framkomlighet och fördröjningar på E22 Fjälkinge-Gualöv
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- E22 i Skåne är motorväg på sträckorna Kristianstad-Fjälkinge och Gualöv - Bromölla. Sträckan mellan Fjälkinge och Gualöv på ca 8 km håller inte önskvärd standard. Sträckan är tvåfältig och i huvudsak 13 meter bred med många anslutande vägar. År 2004 skattades ÅDT-värdet för sträckan till ca 15 500 fordon med ca 10 % tunga fordon. Vägverket Region Skåne undersöker nu möjligheterna att förbättra trafiksäkerheten på sträckan genom ombyggnad till mötesfri landsväg med mitträcke. Tre olika alternativ benämnda E, L, S har studerats. Alternativ E innebär 1+1-väg hela sträckan. Alternativ L och S innebär två respektive tre tvåfältiga avsnitt per riktning. VTI har av Vägverket Region Skåne fått i uppdrag att studera reshastigheter, fördröjningar samt kölängder för befintlig väg samt de tre mötesfria alternativen. Effekter vid olika timflöden motsvarande trafiksituationer år 2004 samt 2020 ska undersökas. Beräkningarna ska ske med hjälp av VTI:s simuleringsmodell för landsvägstrafik, RuTSim. Vidare ska miljöpåverkan i form av emissioner för de olika alternativen uppskattas. Dessutom ska beräkningar göras av kölängder och fördröjningar till följd av att en traktor kör sträckan.
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| 46. |
- Carlsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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G811J – Optimering av filter
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att använda filter har blivit en accepterad metod för att förbättra kvalitén hos gjutgods. Undersökningar visar att användning av filter kan bland annat öka skärbarheten och höja utmattningsprestandan hos gjutna komponenter. Filter har generellt två funktioner. Den första är att filtrera smältan från inneslutningar och andra oönskade partiklar. Funktion två är att bromsa smältan för att undvika höga hastigheter och därmed turbulens i smältan. För att se filtrets påverkan på gjutningen i en simulering användes ett befintligt gjutsystem med filter. Avsikten med försöken var att under identiska förhållanden prova olika filter och filterlöst gjutsystem. Simulering med keramiskt skumfilter 10ppi Simulering med keramiskt skumfilter 20 ppi Simulering utan filter Fysiska försök har gjorts med Contact time metoden. Detta för att utvärdera filtrets påverkan på formfyllnadsmekanismen. På grund av mättekniska skäl blev resultaten intetsägande men metoden som sådan visar potential. Filter har påverkan på flödet då de används i en gjutsimulering. Filtret åstadkommer en trycksänkning som ger ett mer harmoniskt flöde. Det blir en tydlig skillnad då flödet betraktas över tid och i diagramform istället för momentana bilder på smältans hastighet. Metoden kan utvecklas för att bli ett snabbt och smidigt sätt att utvärdera ett gjutsystem med avseende på smälthastighet och turbulens vid kritiska tvärsnitt såsom änden på ingjutkanaler etc. Framtida arbete är Nya försök med contact time metoden för att ytterligare bekräfta filtrets påverkan på flödet Undersöka andra metoder för att via simulering utvärdera filter Andra försök för att försöka fastställa filtrets påverkan på gjutsystemet
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| 47. |
- Carlsson, Andreas
(författare)
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Gjutning och simulering av tunt gjutgods
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Energiförbrukningen i ett gjuteri har naturligt en direkt koppling till hur mycket metall som smälts för gjutprocessen. Problemet med ofullständig formfyllnad leder till att det finns en minsta väggtjocklek som kan gjutas. Faktorer eller parametrar som påverkar flytbarheten kan grovt delas in i a) metallurgiska variabler såsom kemisk sammansättning, övertemperatur/gjuttemperatur, latent värme, ytspänning, viskositet och stelningmekanism. Dessa storheter är alla kopplade till den specifika legeringen och andra delen är b) form/gjutvariabler såsom formmaterial och dess ytkarakteristik, delning och detaljplacering och förvärmning De riktlinjer som finns vid simulering av tunt gjutgods är att minst tre noder eller element ska finnas i den minsta väggtjockleken. Om det inte kan uppnås är det risk att simuleringsresultatet inte blir fysikaliskt och därmed missvisande. Fler element är (ur resultatsynpunkt) dock bara positivt. Vid gjutsimulering har följande parametrar stor påverkan på simuleringsresultatet: Värmeövergångstalet mellan form och smälta Formmaterialets värmeledningsförmåga Väggfriktionen Viskositetens temperaturberoende Den specifika legeringens stelningskurva Vid tunnväggiga sektioner kan även små geometriska avvikelser ha stor effekt. Viktiga punkter är: Beredningsmod; att våga utnyttja process och maskin maximalt Variationer vid hopläggning av form, flaska och kärna Processvariationer i black, maskindesign och krympning Gjutning av tunnväggiga komponenter ställer högre krav på gjutprocessen än traditionell gjutning. Processfönstret är betydligt snävare och även små variationer i processen kan ge stort utslag på det slutliga gjutna resultatet. Framtida arbete kan vara att trimma in gjutsimuleringsprogram mot specifika legeringar för att avgöra om skillnaden i flytbarhet mellan eutektisk legering och legering med långt stelningsintervall kan påvisas virtuellt. Undersökningar visar att skothalten har stor påverkan, hur hanteras det? Under vilka former kan måttkedjan mätas och förbättras?
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| 48. |
- Carlsson, Andreas
(författare)
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Gjutning och simulering av tunt segjärnsgjutgods
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Många segjärnskomponenter är idag överdimensionerade på grund av bristande kunskap kring hur tunt segjärngjutgods ska produceras. Idag ligger stort viktfokus inom många branscher, speciellt då inom fordonsbranschen. Då kunskapen kring att gjuta segjärnet tunt är bristfällig blir konsekvensen vanligen att byta material (till exempel aluminium) för att reducera vikt. Då förloras många av segjärnets goda mekaniska egenskaper såsom hållfasthet och brottförlängning. Den största utmaningen vid gjutning av tunt segjärnsgjutgods är att undvika karbidurskiljning (vitt stelnande) på grund av den höga stelnings- och svalningshastighet som uppkommer. Formfyllnaden blir av samma anledning också försvårad. Ett antal prov göts i en testgeometri som bestod av ett tunnväggigt rör. Proven visade olika parameters påverkan på fyllhöjden i röret. Väggtjockleken visade sig naturligt vara en av de parametrar som påverkade allra mest. Kol- och kiselhalt visade mindre effekt på fyllhöjden. Mikrostrukturen i ett antal rör studerades och det kunde ses ett samband mellan den höga stelnings- och svalningshastigheten och karbidbildning samt nodultäthet. Det noterades också att karbidbildning och nodultätheten varierar genom röret. Detta antas bero på att formmaterialet värms upp av den passerande smältan och blir mer isolerande. Det kan även bero på att foten på röret bidrar med värme till den närmaste omgivningen och därmed bromsar stelning och svalning. Provgjutningarna i röret användes som indata för att trimma in gjutsimuleringsprogrammet ProCast. Det intrimmade programmet användes sedan för att gjutsimulera projektets reella komponent, ett cylinderskydd från Indexator AB. Simuleringen visade att det skulle bli en problematisk gjutning med stor risk för kallflytningar. En provgjutning bekräftade resultatet. För att minska karbidbildningen krävs mer utredning kring hur smältans kemiska sammansättning och ympprocessen påverkar segjärnets mikrostruktur vid tunnväggig gjutning. Försök bör också göras med ökad isolation i formmaterialet för att sänka stelnings- och svalningshastigheten. Formfyllnad vid tunnväggig gjutning är idag möjlig att simulera med tillfredställande noggrannhet. Dock behövs mer kunskap kring samspelet mellan smälta och form. Gravitationsgjutning av tunna sektioner är ett relativt snabbt förlopp där värmeövergångstalet och värmeledningsförmågan hos formsanden är faktorer som påverkar i hög grad.
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| 49. |
- Carlsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term risk of major adverse cardiovascular events following ischemic stroke or TIA
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data are scarce on long-term outcomes after ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA). In this prospective cohort study, we examined the cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after IS and TIA using a competing risk model and factors associated with new events using a Cox-proportional hazard regression model. All patients discharged alive from Östersund Hospital with IS or TIA between 2010 and 2013 (n = 1535) were followed until 31 December 2017. The primary endpoint was a composite of IS, type 1 acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and cardiovascular (CV) death. Secondary endpoints were the individual components of the primary endpoint, in all patients and separated in IS and TIA subgroups. The cumulative incidence of MACE (median follow-up: 4.4 years) was 12.8% (95% CI: 11.2–14.6) within 1 year after discharge and 35.6% (95% CI: 31.8–39.4) by the end of follow-up. The risk of MACE and CV death was significantly increased in IS compared to TIA (p-values < 0.05), but not the risk of IS or type 1 AMI. Age, kidney failure, prior IS, prior AMI, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and impaired functional status, were associated with an increased risk of MACE. The risk of recurring events after IS and TIA is high. IS patients have a higher risk of MACE and CV death than TIA patients.
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| 50. |
- Carlsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Låg kunskap om trötthet ger tröttare idrottare
- 2013
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Ingår i: Svensk Idrottsforskning. - 1103-4629. ; 22:1, s. 28-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En intervjustudie med idrottare och deras tränare visar på likheter, men också en del intressanta skillnader i sättet att se på trötthetsbegreppet. Artikeln diskuterar vad det kan bero på och ger förslag på hur tränare kan bli bättre på att läsa av sina utövares trötthet.
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