| 1. |
- Johansson, Ellen, et al.
(författare)
-
Revising the embryonic origin of thyroid C cells in mice and humans
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Development (Cambridge, England). - : The Company of Biologists. - 1477-9129 .- 0950-1991. ; 142:20, s. 3519-3528
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current understanding infers a neural crest origin of thyroid C cells, the major source of calcitonin in mammals and ancestors to neuroendocrine thyroid tumors. The concept is primarily based on investigations in quail-chick chimeras involving fate-mapping of neural crest cells to the ultimobranchial glands that regulate Ca(2+) homeostasis in birds, reptiles, amphibians and fishes, but whether mammalian C cell development implicates a homologous ontogenetic trajectory has not been experimentally verified. With lineage tracing we now provide direct evidence that Sox17+ anterior endoderm is the only source of differentiated C cells and their progenitors in mice. In similarity with many gut endoderm derivatives embryonic C cells were found to co-express pioneer factors forkhead box (Fox) a1 and Foxa2 before neuroendocrine differentiation takes place. In the ultimobranchial body epithelium emerging from pharyngeal pouch endoderm in early organogenesis differential Foxa1/Foxa2 expression distinguished two spatially separated pools of C cell precursors with different growth properties. A similar expression pattern was recapitulated in medullary thyroid carcinoma cells in vivo consistent with a growth-promoting role of Foxa1. Contrasting embryonic precursor cells, C cell-derived tumor cells invading the stromal compartment down-regulated Foxa2 foregoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition designated by loss of E-cadherin; both Foxa2 and E-cadherin were re-expressed at metastatic sites. These findings revise mammalian C cell ontogeny, expand the neuroendocrine repertoire of endoderm, and redefine the boundaries of neural crest diversification. The data further underpin distinct functions of Foxa1 and Foxa2 in both embryonic and tumor development.
|
|
| 2. |
- Lyckesvärd, Madeleine Nordén, et al.
(författare)
-
Linking loss of sodium-iodide symporter expression to DNA damage
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Experimental Cell Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4827. ; 344:1, s. 120-131
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radiotherapy of thyroid cancer with I-131 is abrogated by inherent loss of radioiodine uptake due to loss of sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expression in poorly differentiated tumor cells. It is also known that ionizing radiation per se down-regulates NIS (the stunning effect), but the mechanism is unknown. Here we investigated whether loss of NIS-mediated iodide transport may be elicited by DNA damage. Calicheamicin, a fungal toxin that specifically cleaves double-stranded DNA, induced a full scale DNA damage response mediated by the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase in quiescent normal thyrocytes. At sublethal concentrations (< 1 nM) calicheamicin blocked NIS mRNA expression and transepithelial iodide transport as stimulated by thyrotropin; loss of function occurred at a much faster rate than after I-131 irradiation. KU-55933, a selective ATM kinase inhibitor, partly rescued NIS expression and iodide transport in DNA-damaged cells. Prolonged ATM inhibition in healthy cells also repressed NIS-mediated iodide transport. ATM-dependent loss of iodide transport was counteracted by IGF-1. Together, these findings indicate that NIS, the major iodide transporter of the thyroid gland, is susceptible to DNA damage involving ATM-mediated mechanisms. This uncovers novel means of poor radioiodine uptake in thyroid cells subjected to extrinsic or intrinsic genotoxic stress. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 3. |
- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
"Vi klimatforskare stödjer Greta och skolungdomarna"
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 15/3. Sedan industrialiseringens början har vi använt omkring fyra femtedelar av den mängd fossilt kol som får förbrännas för att vi ska klara Parisavtalet. Vi har bara en femtedel kvar och det är bråttom att kraftigt reducera utsläppen. Det har Greta Thunberg och de strejkande ungdomarna förstått. Därför stödjer vi deras krav, skriver 270 klimatforskare.
|
|
| 4. |
- Almer, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
Ischemic QRS prolongation as a biomarker of myocardial injury in STEMI patients
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology. - : Wiley. - 1082-720X. ; 24:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Patients with acute coronary occlusion (ACO) may not only have ischemia-related ST-segment changes but also changes in the QRS complex. It has recently been shown in dogs that a greater ischemic QRS prolongation (IQP) during ACO is related to lower collateral flow. This suggests that greater IQP could indicate more severe ischemia and thereby more rapid infarct development. Therefore, the purpose was to evaluate the relationship between IQP and measures of myocardial injury in patients presenting with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).METHODS: Seventy-seven patients with first-time STEMI were retrospectively included from the recently published SOCCER trial. All patients underwent a cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) examination 2-6 days after the acute event. Infarct size (IS), myocardium at risk (MaR), and myocardial salvage index (MSI) were assessed and related to IQP. IQP measures assessed were; computer-generated QRS duration, QRS duration at maximum ST deviation, absolute IQP and relative IQP, all derived from a pre-PCI, 12-lead ECG.RESULTS: Median absolute IQP was 10 ms (range 0-115 ms). There were no statistically significant correlations between measures of IQP and any of the CMR measures of myocardial injury (absolute IQP vs IS, r = 0.03, p = 0.80; MaR, r = -0.01, p = 0.89; MSI, r = -0.05, p = 0.68).CONCLUSIONS: Unlike previous experimental studies, the IQP was limited in patients presenting at the emergency room with first-time STEMI and no correlation was found between IQP and CMR variables of myocardial injury in these patients. Therefore, IQP does not seem to be a suitable biomarker for triaging patients in this clinical context.
|
|
| 5. |
- Aronsson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Cost-effectiveness of high-sensitivity faecal immunochemical test and colonoscopy screening for colorectal cancer
- 2017
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : WILEY. - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 104:8, s. 1078-1086
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Colorectal cancer screening can decrease morbidity and mortality. However, there are widespread differences in the implementation of programmes and choice of strategy. The primary objective of this study was to estimate lifelong costs and health outcomes of two of the currently most preferred methods of screening for colorectal cancer: colonoscopy and sensitive faecal immunochemical test (FIT). Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis of colorectal cancer screening in a Swedish population was performed using a decision analysis model, based on the design of the Screening of Swedish Colons (SCREESCO) study, and data from the published literature and registries. Lifelong cost and effects of colonoscopy once, colonoscopy every 10 years, FIT twice, FIT biennially and no screening were estimated using simulations. Results: For 1000 individuals invited to screening, it was estimated that screening once with colonoscopy yielded 49 more quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and a cost saving of (sic)64 800 compared with no screening. Similarly, screening twice with FIT gave 26 more QALYs and a cost saving of (sic)17 600. When the colonoscopic screening was repeated every tenth year, 7 additional QALYs were gained at a cost of (sic)189 400 compared with a single colonoscopy. The additional gain with biennial FIT screening was 25 QALYs at a cost of (sic)154 300 compared with two FITs. Conclusion: All screening strategies were cost-effective compared with no screening. Repeated and single screening strategies with colonoscopy were more cost-effective than FIT when lifelong effects and costs were considered. However, other factors such as patient acceptability of the test and availability of human resources also have to be taken into account.
|
|
| 6. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
|
|
| 8. |
- Bergengren, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
Ramdirektivet för vatten och System Aqua: en tids- och kostnadsuppskattning av statusklassning av vattendrag i norra och södra Sverige
- 2003
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hösten 2001 sökte och erhöll Länsstyrelsen i Jönköpings län tillsammans med Länsstyrelserna i Östergötland och Västerbotten projektmedel från Naturvårdsverket. Projektmedlen har främst använts till att ta fram en tids- och kostnadsuppskattning för hur mycket arbete som krävs för att göra en karakterisering och statusbedömning av vattendrag enligt Ramdirektivet för vatten (Artikel V, bilaga II och V) utifrån det verktyg som System Aqua utgör. En naturvärdesbedömning (statusklassning) av ett antal vattendrag i södra Sverige (Jönköpings, Västra Götalands och Östergötlands län) och i norra Sverige (Västerbottens län) har genomförts. Men även en jämförelse av den nya versionen av System Aqua (2001) och dess naturvärdesbedömning med Ramdirektivet för vatten och dess statusbegrepp har gjorts. Att påvisa skillnader och likheter mellan de båda systemen samt dessa användbarhet har delvis också ingått i uppdraget. En rad frågor återstår dock när det gäller de båda systemens kompabilitet gentemot varandra. Dessa är både av mindre definitionskaraktär samt av större karaktär i form av rena bedömningar. En revision av System Aqua och de svenska bedömningsgrunderna har pågått parallellt med detta arbete.Övrigt arbete med Ramdirektivet för vattenUnder 2002-2003 pågår flera parallella arbeten med anknytning till artikel V (bilaga II och V) i Ramdirektivet för vatten. En revision av System Aqua och framtagande av en manual för det kommande arbetet med karakterisering och statusbedömning utförs våren 2003. Samtidigt genomförs en revidering av de nuvarande bedömningsgrunderna för bottenfauna, fisk, makrofyter, påväxtalger, växtplankton. Nya bedömningsgrunder för fysisk påverkan är dessutom under framtagande. Länsstyrelsen i Jönköping och Västerbotten fick i januari 2003 i uppdrag att ta fram en kostnad det kommande arbetet med artiklarna i Ramdirektivet för vatten. Kostnaderna togs först och främst fram på regional basis men även för de kommande distrikten för Södra Östersjön, Bottenhavet samt Bottenviken. Detta uppdrag redovisas för artikel V (bilaga II och V) i bilaga 3 och 4 i föreliggande rapport.
|
|
| 9. |
- Bergengren, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
Ramdirektivet för vattenoch System Aqua : En tids- och kostnadsuppskattning avstatusklassning av vattendragi norra och södra Sverige
- 2003
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SammanfattningHösten 2001 sökte och erhöll Länsstyrelsen i Jönköpings län tillsammans medLänsstyrelserna i Östergötland och Västerbotten projektmedel från Naturvårdsverket.Projektmedlen har främst använts till att ta fram en tids- och kostnadsuppskattning för hurmycket arbete som krävs för att göra en karakterisering och statusbedömning av vattendragenligt Ramdirektivet för vatten (Artikel V, bilaga II och V) utifrån det verktyg som SystemAqua utgör. En naturvärdesbedömning (statusklassning) av ett antal vattendrag i södraSverige (Jönköpings, Västra Götalands och Östergötlands län) och i norra Sverige(Västerbottens län) har genomförts. Men även en jämförelse av den nya versionen av SystemAqua (2001) och dess naturvärdesbedömning med Ramdirektivet för vatten och dessstatusbegrepp har gjorts. Att påvisa skillnader och likheter mellan de båda systemen samtdessa användbarhet har delvis också ingått i uppdraget.En rad frågor återstår dock när det gäller de båda systemens kompabilitet gentemot varandra.Dessa är både av mindre definitionskaraktär samt av större karaktär i form av renabedömningar. En revision av System Aqua och de svenska bedömningsgrunderna har pågåttparallellt med detta arbete.KarakteriseringBåde Ramdirektivet och System Aqua är uppbyggt i flera delar som i stort sett harmotsvarigheter i respektive system. I tabell I visas de parametrar som tas upp i denövergripande karakteriseringen.Tabell I.Karakteriserings faktorer som finnsi System AquaKarakteriserings faktorer som inte finnsFloder Sjöar Floder SjöarObligatoriska faktorer Obligatoriska faktorer Obligatoriska faktorer Obligatoriska faktorerHöjd / höjdtypologiBredgrad / LängradStorlek / Storlekstypologibaserad påtillrinningsområdetHöjd / höjdtypologiBredgrad / LängradDjup / Djuptypologibaserad på medeldjupetStorlek /Storlekstypologi baseradpå ytanEkoregionerGeologiEkoregionerGeologiTilläggsfaktorer Tilläggsfaktorer Tilläggsfaktorer TilläggsfaktorerAvstånd flodens källaFlödesenergi (?)Vattnets medelbredd*Vattnets medeldjup*Vattnets medelfallhöjdHuvudflodbäddens förloppoch formVattenförings-(flödes)kategoriSyraneutraliserandeförmåga (ANC)**Substratets genomsnittligasammansättningVattnets medeldjupSjöns formUppehållstidSyraneutraliserandeförmåga (ANC)**Bakgrundsnäringsstatus(?)Substrats genomsnittligasammansättningVattenståndsvariationerDalgångsprofilTransport av fasta partiklarKloridLufttemperaturintervallMedellufttemperaturNederbördMedellufttemperaturLufttemperaturintervallBlandningskarakteristik* Data hämtad från biotopkarteringen** SystemAqua har alkalinitet
|
|
| 10. |
- Bielecki, Johan, 1982, et al.
(författare)
-
Electrospray sample injection for single-particle imaging with x-ray lasers
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Science advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 5:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility of imaging single proteins constitutes an exciting challenge for x-ray lasers. Despite encouraging results on large particles, imaging small particles has proven to be difficult for two reasons: not quite high enough pulse intensity from currently available x-ray lasers and, as we demonstrate here, contamination of the aerosolized molecules by nonvolatile contaminants in the solution. The amount of contamination on the sample depends on the initial droplet size during aerosolization. Here, we show that, with our electrospray injector, we can decrease the size of aerosol droplets and demonstrate virtually contaminant-free sample delivery of organelles, small virions, and proteins. The results presented here, together with the increased performance of next-generation x-ray lasers, constitute an important stepping stone toward the ultimate goal of protein structure determination from imaging at room temperature and high temporal resolution.
|
|
| 11. |
- Carlsson, Emilia, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing False-Belief Understanding in Children with Autism Using a Computer Application: A Pilot Study.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of psycholinguistic research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-6555 .- 0090-6905. ; 47:5, s. 1085-1099
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed a False-Belief (FB) understanding task for use on a computer tablet, trying to assess FB understanding in a less social way. It is based on classical FB protocols, and additionally includes a manipulation of language in an attempt to explore the facilitating effect of linguistic support during FB processing. Specifically, the FB task was presented in three auditory conditions: narrative, silent, and interference. The task was assumed to shed new light on the FB difficulties often observed in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Sixty-eight children with ASD (M=7.5years) and an age matched comparison group with 98 typically developing (TD) children were assessed with the FB task. The children with ASD did not perform above chance level in any condition, and significant differences in success rates were found between the groups in two conditions (silent and narrative), with TD children performing better. We discuss implications, limitations, and further developments.
|
|
| 12. |
- Carlsson, Emilia, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Narrative Skills in Primary School Children with Autism in Relation to Language and Nonverbal Temporal Sequencing
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Psycholinguistic Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0090-6905 .- 1573-6555. ; 49, s. 475-489
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent research has suggested that temporal sequencing of narrative events might be a domain-general ability that underlies oral narrative capacities. The current study investigated this issue in a group of children with known pragmatic and narrative difficulties, namely Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We hypothesized (1) that children with ASD (n = 45) would retell narratives of poorer quality than both chronological age-matched (CAM) children and younger children matched on sentence-level language skills (LM), and (2) that nonverbal temporal sequencing skills would uniquely predict individual differences in oral narrative performance in children with ASD. The results show that children with ASD performed poorer on all measures of oral narrative quality compared with the CAM group, and on eight of ten measures compared with the LM group. Thus, our first hypothesis was confirmed, suggesting that narrative difficulties in ASD cannot be fully explained by impaired language. The second hypothesis was only partly confirmed: nonverbal temporal sequencing explained significant or marginally significant variance in some, but not all, aspects of oral narrative performance of children with ASD. These results are discussed from theoretical and clinical/educational perspectives, in relation to the heterogeneity of language skills in ASD and to domain-general features of narrative processing.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Carlsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Naturvärdesbedömning sjöar: Emån i Jönköpings län: projekt höglandsvatten information 2003
- 2003
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta är en delrapportering i Projekt Höglandsvatten information, som innefattar en naturvärdesbedömning av 56 sjöar i Tranås, Aneby, Eksjö, Nässjö, Sävsjö och Vetlanda kommuner. Naturvärdesbedömningens syfte är att fungera som ett verktyg och kunskapsunderlag vid planering och arbete vid och i de berörda sjöarna och deras avrinningsområden. Projekt Höglandsvatten information har utförts med ekonomiskt stöd från EU:s strukturfond för mål 2 Södra samt med hjälp av matchningsmedel från den regionala kalkningsverksamheten. Arbetet med naturvärdes-bedömningen har pågått under hösten 2002. Arbetet har utförts av Länsstyrelsen i Jönköpings län. Naturvärdesbedömningen bygger på det nationella bedömningssystemet System Aqua (Naturvårdsverket 2001). System Aqua innebär att en bedömning görs av sjöarnas naturlighet, förekomst av rariteter samt artrikedom. Vid värderingen väger naturligheten tyngst. All grunddata finns lättillgänglig i en databas (MS Access). Utöver föreliggande arbete med naturvärdesbedömningen innefattar Projekt Höglandsvatten information en omfattande informationsinsats till markägare, skogsentreprenörer, skolor och andra intresserade. Informationsmaterial i form av foldrar, skyltar och rapporter har också framställts inom ramen för projektet.Kommentar:Naturvärdesbedömningen är uppdelad på 3 rapporter:Motala Ström (Meddelande 2003:1) - Totalt 19 sjöar Emån (Meddelande 2003:2) - Totalt 29 sjöar Lagan/Mörrumsån (Meddelande 2003:3) - Totalt 4/4 sjöar
|
|
| 15. |
- Carlsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Naturvärdesbedömning sjöar: Motala ström i Jönköpings län: projekt höglandsvatten information 2003
- 2003
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta är en delrapportering i Projekt Höglandsvatten information, som innefattar en naturvärdesbedömning av 56 sjöar i Tranås, Aneby, Eksjö, Nässjö, Sävsjö och Vetlanda kommuner. Naturvärdesbedömningens syfte är att fungera som ett verktyg och kunskapsunderlag vid planering och arbete vid och i de berörda sjöarna och deras avrinningsområden. Projekt Höglandsvatten information har utförts med ekonomiskt stöd från EU:s strukturfond för mål 2 Södra samt med hjälp av matchningsmedel från den regionala kalkningsverksamheten. Arbetet med naturvärdes-bedömningen har pågått under hösten 2002. Arbetet har utförts av Länsstyrelsen i Jönköpings län. Naturvärdesbedömningen bygger på det nationella bedömningssystemet System Aqua (Naturvårdsverket 2001). System Aqua innebär att en bedömning görs av sjöarnas naturlighet, förekomst av rariteter samt artrikedom. Vid värderingen väger naturligheten tyngst. All grunddata finns lättillgänglig i en databas (MS Access). Utöver föreliggande arbete med naturvärdesbedömningen innefattar Projekt Höglandsvatten information en omfattande informationsinsats till markägare, skogsentreprenörer, skolor och andra intresserade. Informationsmaterial i form av foldrar, skyltar och rapporter har också framställts inom ramen för projektet.Kommentar:Naturvärdesbedömningen är uppdelad på 3 rapporter:Motala Ström (Meddelande 2003:1) - Totalt 19 sjöar Emån (Meddelande 2003:2) - Totalt 29 sjöar Lagan/Mörrumsån (Meddelande 2003:3) - Totalt 4/4 sjöar
|
|
| 16. |
- Carlsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Naturvärdesbedömning sjöar: Mörrumsån och Lagan i Jönköpings län. Projekt Höglandsvatten information 2003
- 2003
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta är en delrapportering i Projekt Höglandsvatten information, som innefattar en naturvärdesbedömning av 56 sjöar i Tranås, Aneby, Eksjö, Nässjö, Sävsjö och Vetlanda kommuner. Naturvärdesbedömningens syfte är att fungera som ett verktyg och kunskapsunderlag vid planering och arbete vid och i de berörda sjöarna och deras avrinningsområden. Projekt Höglandsvatten information har utförts med ekonomiskt stöd från EU:s strukturfond för mål 2 Södra samt med hjälp av matchningsmedel från den regionala kalkningsverksamheten. Arbetet med naturvärdes-bedömningen har pågått under hösten 2002. Arbetet har utförts av Länsstyrelsen i Jönköpings län. Naturvärdesbedömningen bygger på det nationella bedömningssystemet System Aqua (Naturvårdsverket 2001). System Aqua innebär att en bedömning görs av sjöarnas naturlighet, förekomst av rariteter samt artrikedom. Vid värderingen väger naturligheten tyngst. All grunddata finns lättillgänglig i en databas (MS Access). Utöver föreliggande arbete med naturvärdesbedömningen innefattar Projekt Höglandsvatten information en omfattande informationsinsats till markägare, skogsentreprenörer, skolor och andra intresserade. Informationsmaterial i form av foldrar, skyltar och rapporter har också framställts inom ramen för projektet.Kommentar:Naturvärdesbedömningen är uppdelad på 3 rapporter:Motala Ström (Meddelande 2003:1) - Totalt 19 sjöar Emån (Meddelande 2003:2) - Totalt 29 sjöar Lagan/Mörrumsån (Meddelande 2003:3) - Totalt 4/4 sjöar
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Czolkos, Ilja, et al.
(författare)
-
Prediction of wastewater quality using amperometric bioelectronic tongues
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Biosensors & bioelectronics. - : Elsevier. - 0956-5663 .- 1873-4235. ; 75, s. 375-382
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wastewater samples from a Swedish chemi-thermo-mechanical pulp (CTMP) mill collected at different purification stages in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were analyzed with an amperometric enzyme-based biosensor array in a flow-injection system. In order to resolve the complex composition of the wastewater, the array consists of several sensing elements which yield a multidimensional response. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to decompose the array's responses, and found that wastewater with different degrees of pollution can be differentiated. With the help of partial least squares regression (PLS-R), we could link the sensor responses to the Microtox (R) toxicity parameter, as well as to global organic pollution parameters (COD, BOD, and TOC). From investigating the influences of individual sensors in the array, it was found that the best models were in most cases obtained when all sensors in the array were included in the PLS-R model. We find that fast simultaneous determination of several global environmental parameters characterizing wastewaters is possible with this kind of biosensor array, in particular because of the link between the sensor responses and the biological effect onto the ecosystem into which the wastewater would be released. In conjunction with multivariate data analysis tools, there is strong potential to reduce the total time until a result is yielded from days to a few minutes. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 19. |
- Daurer, Benedikt J., et al.
(författare)
-
Experimental strategies for imaging bioparticles with femtosecond hard X-ray pulses
- 2017
-
Ingår i: IUCrJ. - : INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY. - 2052-2525. ; 4, s. 251-262
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores the capabilities of the Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source to image small biological samples. The weak signal from small samples puts a significant demand on the experiment. Aerosolized Omono River virus particles of similar to 40 nm in diameter were injected into the submicrometre X-ray focus at a reduced pressure. Diffraction patterns were recorded on two area detectors. The statistical nature of the measurements from many individual particles provided information about the intensity profile of the X-ray beam, phase variations in the wavefront and the size distribution of the injected particles. The results point to a wider than expected size distribution (from similar to 35 to similar to 300 nm in diameter). This is likely to be owing to nonvolatile contaminants from larger droplets during aerosolization and droplet evaporation. The results suggest that the concentration of nonvolatile contaminants and the ratio between the volumes of the initial droplet and the sample particles is critical in such studies. The maximum beam intensity in the focus was found to be 1.9 * 10(12) photons per mu m(2) per pulse. The full-width of the focus at half-maximum was estimated to be 500 nm (assuming 20% beamline transmission), and this width is larger than expected. Under these conditions, the diffraction signal from a sample-sized particle remained above the average background to a resolution of 4.25 nm. The results suggest that reducing the size of the initial droplets during aerosolization is necessary to bring small particles into the scope of detailed structural studies with X-ray lasers.
|
|
| 20. |
- Ekqvist, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Safety and pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of a shorter tuberculosis treatment with high-dose pyrazinamide and rifampicin : a study protocol of a phase II clinical trial (HighShort-RP)
- 2022
-
Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 12:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Increased dosing of rifampicin and pyrazinamide seems a viable strategy to shorten treatment and prevent relapse of drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB), but safety and efficacy remains to be confirmed. This clinical trial aims to explore safety and pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of a high-dose pyrazinamide-rifampicin regimen.Methods and analysis: Adult patients with pulmonary TB admitted to six hospitals in Sweden and subjected to receive first-line treatment are included. Patients are randomised (1:3) to either 6-month standardised TB treatment or a 4-month regimen based on high-dose pyrazinamide (40 mg/kg) and rifampicin (35 mg/kg) along with standard doses of isoniazid and ethambutol. Plasma samples for measurement of drug exposure determined by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry are obtained at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours, at day 1 and 14. Maximal drug concentration (C-max) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-24h)) are estimated by non-compartmental analysis. Conditions for early model-informed precision dosing of high-dose pyrazinamide-rifampicin are pharmacometrically explored. Adverse drug effects are monitored throughout the study and graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events V.5.0. Early bactericidal activity is assessed by time to positivity in BACTEC MGIT 960 of induced sputum collected at day 0, 5, 8, 15 and week 8. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of first-line drugs are determined using broth microdilution. Disease severity is assessed with X-ray grading and a validated clinical scoring tool (TBscore II). Clinical outcome is registered according to WHO definitions (2020) in addition to occurrence of relapse after end of treatment. Primary endpoint is pyrazinamide AUC(0-24h) and main secondary endpoint is safety.Ethics and dissemination: The study is approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority and the Swedish Medical Products Agency. Informed written consent is collected before study enrolment. The study results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.
|
|
| 21. |
- Enlund, Jakob, 84, et al.
(författare)
-
Individual Carbon Footprint Reduction: Evidence from Pro-environmental Users of a Carbon Calculator
- 2022
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We provide the first estimates of how pro-environmental consumers reduce their total carbon footprint using a carbon calculator that covers all financial transactions. We use data from users of a carbon calculator that includes weekly estimates of users’ consumptionbased carbon-equivalent emissions based on detailed financial statements, official registers, and self-reported life-style factors. The calculator is designed to induce behavioral change and gives users detailed information about their footprint, and includes social comparisons, and goal-setting options. By using a robust difference-in-differences analysis with staggered adoption of the calculator, we estimate that users decrease their carbon footprint by around 10 percent in the first few weeks, but over the next few weeks, the reduction fades. Further analysis suggests that the carbon footprint reduction is driven by a combination of a shift from high- to low-emitting consumption categories and a temporary decrease in overall spending, and not by changes in any specific consumption category.
|
|
| 22. |
- Enlund, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
Individual Carbon Footprint Reduction: Evidence from Pro-environmental Users of a Carbon Calculator
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Environmental & Resource Economics. - : Springer. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 86, s. 433-467
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We provide the first estimates of how pro-environmental consumers reduce their total carbon footprint using a carbon calculator that covers all financial transactions. We use data from Swedish users of a carbon calculator that includes weekly estimates of users' consumption-based carbon-equivalent emissions based on detailed financial statements, official registers, and self-reported lifestyle factors. The calculator is designed to induce behavioral change and gives users detailed information about their footprint. By using a robust difference-in-differences analysis with staggered adoption of the calculator, we estimate that users decrease their carbon footprint by around 10% in the first few weeks, but over the next few weeks, the reduction fades. Further analysis suggests that the carbon footprint reduction is driven by a combination of a shift from high- to low-emitting consumption categories and a temporary decrease in overall spending, and not by changes in any specific consumption category.
|
|
| 23. |
- Forberg, Jakob L., et al.
(författare)
-
Negative predictive value and potential cost savings of acute nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging in low risk patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome : A prospective single blinded study
- 2009
-
Ingår i: BMC Emergency Medicine. - 1471-227X. ; 9:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous studies from the USA have shown that acute nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in low risk emergency department (ED) patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) can be of clinical value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility and hospital economics of acute MPI in Swedish ED patients with suspected ACS. Methods: We included 40 patients (mean age 55 ± 2 years, 50% women) who were admitted from the ED at Lund University Hospital for chest pain suspicious of ACS, and who had a normal or non-ischemic ECG and no previous myocardial infarction. All patients underwent MPI from the ED, and the results were analyzed only after patient discharge. The current diagnostic practice of admitting the included patients for observation and further evaluation was compared to a theoretical "MPI strategy", where patients with a normal MPI test would have been discharged home from the ED. Results: Twenty-seven patients had normal MPI results, and none of them had ACS. MPI thus had a negative predictive value for ACS of 100%. With the MPI strategy, 2/3 of the patients would thus have been discharged from the ED, resulting in a reduction of total hospital cost by some 270 EUR and of bed occupancy by 0.8 days per investigated patient. Conclusion: Our findings in a Swedish ED support the results of larger American trials that acute MPI has the potential to safely reduce the number of admissions and decrease overall costs for low-risk ED patients with suspected ACS.
|
|
| 24. |
- Forkel, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
-
Composition and functionality of the intrahepatic innate lymphoid cell-compartment in human nonfibrotic and fibrotic livers
- 2017
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0014-2980 .- 1521-4141. ; 47:8, s. 1280-1294
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human innate lymphoid cells have been described to exist in different organs, with functional deregulation of these cells contributing to several disease states. Here, we performed the first detailed characterization of the phenotype, tissue-residency properties, and functionality of ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s in the human adult and fetal liver. In addition, we investigated changes in the ILC compartment in liver fibrosis. A unique composition of tissue-resident ILCs was observed in nonfibrotic livers as compared with that in mucosal tissues, with NKp44− ILC3s accounting for the majority of total intrahepatic ILCs. The frequency of ILC2s, representing a small fraction of ILCs in nonfibrotic livers, increased in liver fibrosis and correlated directly with the severity of the disease. Notably, intrahepatic ILC2s secreted the profibrotic cytokine IL-13 when exposed to IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoetin (TSLP); these cytokines were produced by hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and Kupffer cells in response to TLR-3 stimulation. In summary, the present results provide the first detailed characterization of intrahepatic ILCs in human adult and fetal liver. The results indicate a role for ILC2s in human liver fibrosis, implying that targeting ILC2s might be a novel therapeutic strategy for its treatment.
|
|
| 25. |
- Hager, Jakob, 1967-
(författare)
-
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm : Aspects on how to affect mortality from rupture
- 2014
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) is a disease that mainly affects elderly men, and ruptured AAA (rAAA) is associated with a mortality of > 80%. AAA seldom gives any symptoms prior to rupture.The aims of this thesis were to investigate different aspects of how to affect mortality from rAAA.In Study I, we identified 849 patients treated for rAAA during 1987-2004, and studied the 30-day survival after surgery, depending on whether they came directly to the treating hospital (one-stop) or were transferred via another hospital (two-stop). A two-stop referral pattern resulted in a 27% lower population-based survival rate for patients 65-74 years of age. However, the consequences would be small even if a one-stop referral pattern could be generally accomplished, due to the huge over-all mortality related to rAAA, hence an argument to find and treat AAA before rupture, e.g. by screening.In Study II, we examined the AAA-prevalence and the risk factors for AAA among 70-year-old men. The screening-detected AAA-prevalence was 2.3%, thus less than half the predicted. The most important risk factor was smoking.In Study III, we compared the screening-detected AAA-prevalence, the attendance rate, and the rate of opportunistic detection of AAA, between almost 8000 65- and 6000 70-year-old men. There was no difference in the screening-detected prevalence; probably due to the fact that almost 40% of the AAAs among the 70-year-old were already known prior to screening, compared to roughly 25% in the 65-year-old. The attendance rate was higher among the 65-year-old men, 85.7% compared 84.0% in the 70-year-old. Thus, there is no benefit of screening for AAA among 70- instead of 65-year-old men.In Study IV, a cost-effectiveness analysis, we found that screening for AAA still appears to be cost-effective, despite profound changes in disease pattern and AAA-management.In conclusion, we found that mortality from rAAA is not affected in any substantial way by different referral patterns and hence centralisation of services for AAA/rAAA is not a solution. A better alternative is to prevent rupture through early detection by screening. Screening 65-year-old men for AAA still appears to be cost-effective, despite profound changes in disease pattern and AAA-management during the last decade. Screening 70- instead of 65-year-old men will not increase the efficacy of screening.
|
|
| 26. |
- Hager, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
Changing Conditions - the same Conclusion : Cost-effective to Screen for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm among 65-year-old Men, based on Data from an Implemented Screening Programme
- 2014
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Health economic analyses based on randomized trials have shown that screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) cost-effectively decreases AAA-related as well as allcause mortality. However, results from running screening programmes now reveal substantially changed conditions in terms of prevalence, attendance rate, costs and mortality after intervention. Our aim was to evaluate whether screening for AAA among 65-year-old men on a general basis is cost-effective under current clinical practice.Methods: A decision-analytic model, previously used to show the cost-effectiveness of an AAA-screening programme before decision to introduce screening in practice, was updated using results from implemented screening-programmes as well as data from contemporary published data and the Swedvasc registry.Results: The base-case analysis showed that the cost per life-year gained and quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained were 3252 € and 4231 €, respectively. The probability of screening being cost-effective was high.Conclusion: Despite profound changes in disease pattern and AAA-management, the current results are similar to those reported almost 10 years ago, and thus screening 65-year-old men for AAA still appears to be cost-effective.
|
|
| 27. |
- Hager, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
Lower Prevalence than Expected when Screening 70-year-old Men for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
- 2013
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 46:4, s. 453-459
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundScreening 65-year-old men for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is a cost-effective method to reduce the mortality from ruptured AAA. However, contemporary results show a lower than expected prevalence of AAA, thus questioning the benefit of screening. Since the prevalence increases with age, a possible way to enhance the benefit of screening might be to screen older men. Our aim was to determine the contemporary screening-detected prevalence among 70-year-old men.MethodsA total of 5,623 unscreened 70-year-old men were invited to ultrasound screening. Uni- and multivariable analyses were used to assess the risk factors for AAA.ResultsThe attendance rate was 84.0%. The prevalence of previously unknown AAAs was 2.3%. When adding the 64 men with an already known AAA to the screening-detected ones, the total prevalence in the population was at least 3.0%, and the previously discovered AAAs constituted 37.4% of the total prevalence. “Ex smoker” and “Current smoker” were the most important risk factors.ConclusionsWhen screening 70-year-old men for AAA, the prevalence was less than half that expected, despite a high attendance rate. Smoking was the strongest risk factor. Almost 40% of the men with AAAs were already known from other means than screening.
|
|
| 28. |
- Hager, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
No benefit of screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm among 70- instead of 65-year-old men
- 2014
-
Ingår i: International Angiology. - : EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA. - 0392-9590. ; 33:5, s. 474-479
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Screening 65-year-old men for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) reduces mortality from ruptured AAA (rAAA). Lower than expected prevalence of AAA is now found, why screening at a higher age and rescreening has been discussed. Our aim was to determine if screening at 70 years of age, instead of 65, increases clinical effectiveness.Methods: 7951 and 5623 previously un-screened 65- and 70-year old men were invited to ultrasound screening.Results: The attendance rate was 85.7% and 84.0%, p<0.01, for the 65- and 70-year old men respectively. The screening-detected prevalence did not differ, being 1.9% and 2.3%, p=0.15, respectively, probably due to the fact that 23.5% and 37.4% of all known AAA among 65- and 70-year-old men, were detected by other means prior to screening, p<0.01. However, the total known prevalence differed between the age-groups, being at least 2.1% and 3.0% respectively, p<0.001.Conclusion: The screening-detected AAA-prevalence did not differ between 65- and 70-yearold men, due to the greater number of AAA known prior to screening among 70- compared to 65-year-old men. Screening men at 70 instead of 65 years of age would not result in detection of substantially more previously unknown AAA, thus not preventing rAAA and consequently not more saved life-years. Further, data also indicates that it is questionable if re-screening the 65-year-old male population after five years would generate any important clinical effect.
|
|
| 29. |
- Hager, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
Revisiting the cost-effectiveness of screening 65-year-old men for abdominal aortic aneurysm based on data from an implemented screening programme.
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Angiology. - : Edizioni Minerva Medica. - 0392-9590 .- 1827-1839. ; 36:6, s. 517-525
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Health economic analyses based on randomized trials have shown that screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) cost-effectively decreases AAA-related, as well as all- cause mortality. However, follow-up from implemented screening programmes now reveal substantially changed conditions in terms of prevalence, attendance rate, costs and mortality after intervention. Our aim was to evaluate whether screening for AAA among 65-year-old men is cost-effective based on contemporary data on prevalence and attendance rates from an ongoing AAA screening programme.METHODS: A decision-analytic model, previously used to analyse the cost-effectiveness of an AAA screening programme prior to implementation in clinical practice, was updated using data collected from an implemented screening programme as well as data from contemporary published data and the Swedish register for vascular surgery (Swedvasc).RESULTS: The base-case analysis showed that the cost per life-year gained and quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained were €4832 and €6325, respectively. Based on conventional threshold values of cost-effectiveness, the probability of screening being cost-effective was high.CONCLUSION: Despite the reduction of AAA-prevalence and changes in AAA-management over time, screening 65-year-old men for AAA still appears to yield health outcomes at a cost below conventional thresholds of cost-effectiveness.
|
|
| 30. |
- Hantke, Max F., et al.
(författare)
-
A data set from flash X-ray imaging of carboxysomes
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultra-intense femtosecond X-ray pulses from X-ray lasers permit structural studies on single particles and biomolecules without crystals. We present a large data set on inherently heterogeneous, polyhedral carboxysome particles. Carboxysomes are cell organelles that vary in size and facilitate up to 40% of Earth’s carbon fixation by cyanobacteria and certain proteobacteria. Variation in size hinders crystallization. Carboxysomes appear icosahedral in the electron microscope. A protein shell encapsulates a large number of Rubisco molecules in paracrystalline arrays inside the organelle. We used carboxysomes with a mean diameter of 115±26 nm from Halothiobacillus neapolitanus. A new aerosol sample-injector allowed us to record 70,000 low-noise diffraction patterns in 12 min. Every diffraction pattern is a unique structure measurement and high-throughput imaging allows sampling the space of structural variability. The different structures can be separated and phased directly from the diffraction data and open a way for accurate, high-throughput studies on structures and structural heterogeneity in biology and elsewhere.
|
|
| 31. |
- Hantke, Max F., et al.
(författare)
-
High-throughput imaging of heterogeneous cell organelles with an X-ray laser
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Nature Photonics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1749-4885 .- 1749-4893. ; 8:12, s. 943-949
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We overcome two of the most daunting challenges in single-particle diffractive imaging: collecting many high-quality diffraction patterns on a small amount of sample and separating components from mixed samples. We demonstrate this on carboxysomes, which are polyhedral cell organelles that vary in size and facilitate up to 40% of Earth's carbon fixation. A new aerosol sample-injector allowed us to record 70,000 low-noise diffraction patterns in 12 min with the Linac Coherent Light Source running at 120 Hz. We separate different structures directly from the diffraction data and show that the size distribution is preserved during sample delivery. We automate phase retrieval and avoid reconstruction artefacts caused by missing modes. We attain the highest-resolution reconstructions on the smallest single biological objects imaged with an X-ray laser to date. These advances lay the foundations for accurate, high-throughput structure determination by flash-diffractive imaging and offer a means to study structure and structural heterogeneity in biology and elsewhere.
|
|
| 32. |
- Herraiz-Adillo, Ángel, et al.
(författare)
-
Life’s Essential 8 in relation to self-rated health and health-related quality of life in a large population-based sample : the SCAPIS project
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Quality of Life Research. - : Springer Nature. - 0962-9343 .- 1573-2649. ; 33, s. 1003-1014
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To monitor cardiovascular health, in 2022, the American Heart Association (AHA) updated the construct “Life’s Simple 7” (LS7) to “Life’s Essential 8” (LE8). This study aims to analyze the associations and capacity of discrimination of LE8 and LS7 in relation to self-rated health (SRH) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).Methods: This study from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) included 28 731 Swedish participants, aged 50–64 years. Three different scores were derived from the SF-12 questionnaire: 1-item question SRH (“In general, would you say your health is …?”), mental-HRQoL and physical-HRQoL. Logistic regression, restricted cubic splines, and ROC analysis were used to study the associations between the AHA scores in relation to SRH and HRQoL.Results: Compared to those with a LE8 score of 80, participants with a LE8 score of 40 were 14.8 times more likely to report poor SRH (OR: 14.8, 95% CI: 13.0–17.0), after adjustments. Moreover, they were more likely to report a poor mental-HRQoL (OR: 4.9, 95% CI: 4.2–5.6) and a poor physical-HRQoL (OR: 8.0, 95% CI: 7.0–9.3). Area under curves for discriminating poor SRH were 0.696 (95% CI: 0.687–0.704), 0.666 (95% CI: 0.657–0.674), and 0.643 (95% CI: 0.634–0.651) for LE8, LS7 (0–14), and LS7 (0–7), respectively, all p values < 0.001 in the DeLong’s tests.Conclusion: LE8 and LS7 had strong and inverse associations with SRH, mental-HRQoL, and physical-HRQoL, though LE8 had a somewhat higher capacity of discrimination than LS7. The novel LE8, a construct initially conceived to monitor cardiovascular health, also conveys SRH and HRQoL.
|
|
| 33. |
- Kjeld, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Cardiac hypoxic resistance and decreasing lactate during maximum apnea in elite breath hold divers
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breath-hold divers (BHD) enduring apnea for more than 4 min are characterized by resistance to release of reactive oxygen species, reduced sensitivity to hypoxia, and low mitochondrial oxygen consumption in their skeletal muscles similar to northern elephant seals. The muscles and myocardium of harbor seals also exhibit metabolic adaptations including increased cardiac lactate-dehydrogenase-activity, exceeding their hypoxic limit. We hypothesized that the myocardium of BHD possesses similar adaptive mechanisms. During maximum apnea 15O-H2O-PET/CT (n = 6) revealed no myocardial perfusion deficits but increased myocardial blood flow (MBF). Cardiac MRI determined blood oxygen level dependence oxygenation (n = 8) after 4 min of apnea was unaltered compared to rest, whereas cine-MRI demonstrated increased left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT). Arterial blood gases were collected after warm-up and maximum apnea in a pool. At the end of the maximum pool apnea (5 min), arterial saturation decreased to 52%, and lactate decreased 20%. Our findings contrast with previous MR studies of BHD, that reported elevated cardiac troponins and decreased myocardial perfusion after 4 min of apnea. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time with 15O-H2O-PET/CT and MRI in elite BHD during maximum apnea, that MBF and LVWT increases while lactate decreases, indicating anaerobic/fat-based cardiac-metabolism similar to diving mammals.
|
|
| 34. |
- Linder, Tova, et al.
(författare)
-
On Using Crowd-sourced Network Measurements for Performance Prediction
- 2016
-
Ingår i: <em>Proc. IEEE/IFIP Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services Conference (IEEE/IFIP WONS)</em>, Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, Jan. 2016.. - : IEEE Computer Society Digital Library. - 9783901882791 ; , s. 1-8
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geo-location-based bandwidth prediction together with careful download scheduling for mobile clients can be used to minimize download times, reduce energy usage, and improve streaming performance. Although crowd-sourced measurements provide an important prediction tool, little is known about the prediction accuracy and improvements such datasets can provide. In this paper we use a large-scale crowd-sourced dataset from Bredbandskollen, Sweden's primary speedtest service, to evaluate the prediction accuracy and achievable performance improvements with such data. We first present a scalable performance map methodology that allows fast insertion/retrieval of geo-sparse measurements, and use this methodology to characterize the Bredbandskollen usage. Second, we analyze the bandwidth variations and predictability of the download speeds observed within and across different locations, when accounting for various factors. Third, we evaluate the relative performance improvements achievable by users leveraging different subsets of measurements (capturing effects of limited sharing or filtering based on operator, network technology, or both) when predicting opportune locations to perform downloads. Our results are encouraging for both centralized and peer-to-peer performance map solutions. For example, most measurements are done in locations with many measurements and good prediction accuracy, and further improvements are possible through filtering (e.g., based on operator and technology) or limited information sharing.
|
|
| 35. |
- Lindow, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Low diagnostic yield of ST elevation myocardial infarction amplitude criteria in chest pain patients at the emergency department
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2006 .- 1401-7431. ; , s. 1-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate the diagnostic yield of the ECG criteria for ST-elevation myocardial infarction in a large cohort of emergency department chest pain patients, and to determine whether extended ECG criteria or reciprocal ST depression can improve accuracy. Design: Observational, register-based diagnostic study on the accuracy of ECG criteria for ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Between Jan 2010 and Dec 2014 all patients aged ≥30 years with chest pain who had an ECG recorded within 4 h at two emergency departments in Sweden were included. Exclusion criteria were: ECG with poor technical quality; QRS duration ≥120 ms; ECG signs of left ventricular hypertrophy; or previous coronary artery bypass surgery. Conventional and extended ECG criteria were applied to all patients. The main outcome was acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and an occluded/near-occluded coronary artery at angiography. Results: Finally, 19932 patients were included. Conventional ECG criteria for ST elevation myocardial infarction were fulfilled in 502 patients, and extended criteria in 1249 patients. Sensitivity for conventional ECG criteria in diagnosing AMI with coronary occlusion/near-occlusion was 17%, specificity 98% and positive predictive value 12%. Corresponding data for extended ECG criteria were 30%, 94% and 8%. When reciprocal ST depression was added to the criteria, the positive predictive value rose to 24% for the conventional and 23% for the extended criteria. Conclusions: In unselected chest pain patients at the emergency department, the diagnostic yield of both conventional and extended ECG criteria for ST-elevation myocardial infarction is low. The PPV can be increased by also considering reciprocal ST depression.
|
|
| 36. |
- Niward, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
-
Distribution of plasma concentrations of first-line anti-TB drugs and individual MICs: a prospective cohort study in a low endemic setting
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 0305-7453 .- 1460-2091. ; 73:10, s. 2838-2845
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could improve current TB treatment, but few studies have reported pharmacokinetic data together with MICs. Objectives: To investigate plasma concentrations of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol along with MICs. Methods: Drug concentrations of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol were analysed pre-dose and 2, 4 and 6 h after drug intake at week 2 in 31 TB patients and MICs in BACTEC 960 MGIT were determined at baseline. The highest plasma concentrations at 2, 4 and 6 h post-dose (C-high) were determined, as well as estimates of C-high/MIC and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-6))/MIC including the corresponding ratios based on calculated free-drug concentrations. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02042261). Results: After 2 weeks of treatment, the median C-high values for rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol were 10.0, 5.3, 41.1 and 3.3 mg/L respectively. Lower than recommended drug concentrations were detected in 42% of the patients for rifampicin (amp;lt;8 mg/L), 19% for isoniazid (amp;lt;3 mg/L), 27% for pyrazinamide (amp;lt;35 mg/L) and 16% for ethambutol (amp;lt;2 mg/L). The median Chigh/MIC values for rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol were 164, 128, 1.3 and 2.5, respectively, whereas the AUC(0-6)/MIC was 636 (range 156-2759) for rifampicin and 351 (range 72-895) for isoniazid. Conclusions: We report low levels of first-line TB drugs in 16%-42% of patients, in particular for rifampicin. There was a wide distribution of the ratios between drug exposures and MICs. The future use of MIC determinations in TDM is dependent on the development of a reference method and clinically validated pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets.
|
|
| 37. |
- Nordin, E. Z., et al.
(författare)
-
Secondary organic aerosol formation from gasoline passenger vehicle emissions investigated in a smog chamber
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions. - : Copernicus Publications. - 1680-7367 .- 1680-7375. ; 12:12, s. 31725-31765
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gasoline vehicles have elevated emissions of volatile organic compounds during cold starts and idling and have recently been pointed out as potentially the main source of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in megacities. However, there is a lack of laboratory studies to systematically investigate SOA formation in real-world exhaust. In this study, SOA formation from pure aromatic precursors, idling and cold start gasoline exhaust from one Euro II, one Euro III and one Euro IV passenger vehicles were investigated using photo-oxidation experiments in a 6 m3 smog chamber. The experiments were carried out at atmospherically relevant organic aerosol mass concentrations. The characterization methods included a high resolution aerosol mass spectrometer and a proton transfer mass spectrometer. It was found that gasoline exhaust readily forms SOA with a signature aerosol mass spectrum similar to the oxidized organic aerosol that commonly dominates the organic aerosol mass spectra downwind urban areas. After 4 h aging the formed SOA was 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than the Primary OA emissions. The SOA mass spectrum from a relevant mixture of traditional light aromatic precursors gave f43 (mass fraction at m/z = 4 3) approximately two times higher than to the gasoline SOA. However O : C and H : C ratios were similar for the two cases. Classical C6–C9 light aromatic precursors were responsible for up to 60% of the formed SOA, which is significantly higher than for diesel exhaust. Important candidates for additional precursors are higher order aromatic compounds such as C10, C11 light aromatics, naphthalene and methyl-naphthalenes.
|
|
| 38. |
- Rath, Asawari D., et al.
(författare)
-
Explosion dynamics of sucrose nanospheres monitored by time of flight spectrometry and coherent diffractive imaging at the split-and-delay beam line of the FLASH soft X-ray laser
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 22:23, s. 28914-28925
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use a Mach-Zehnder type autocorrelator to split and delay XUV pulses from the FLASH soft X-ray laser for triggering and subsequently probing the explosion of aerosolised sugar balls. FLASH was running at 182 eV photon energy with pulses of 70 fs duration. The delay between the pump-probe pulses was varied between zero and 5 ps, and the pulses were focused to reach peak intensities above 1016 W/cm2 with an off-axis parabola. The direct pulse triggered the explosion of single aerosolised sucrose nano-particles, while the delayed pulse probed the exploding structure. The ejected ions were measured by ion time of flight spectrometry, and the particle sizes were measured by coherent diffractive imaging. The results show that sucrose particles of 560-1000 nm diameter retain their size for about 500 fs following the first exposure. Significant sample expansion happens between 500 fs and 1 ps. We present simulations to support these observations.
|
|
| 39. |
- Studer, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
The effects of the dopamine stabilizer (-)-OSU6162 on aggressive and sexual behavior in rodents
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Translational Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dopamine stabilizer (-)-OSU61612 dampens locomotion in rodents rendered hyperactive by exposure to a novel environment or treatment with amphetamine, but stimulates locomotion in habituated animals displaying low motor activity, tentatively exerting this profile by selectively blocking extrasynaptic D2 receptors. The major aim of the present study was to explore the possible usefulness of (-)-OSU61612 as an anti-aggressive drug. To this end, the effect of (-)-OSU61612 on isolation-induced aggression in male mice and estrous cycle-dependent aggression in female rats were studied using the resident intruder test; in addition, the possible influence of (-)-OSU61612 on sexual behavior in male mice and on elevated plus maze (EPM) performance in male rats were assessed. (-)-OSU61612 at doses influencing neither locomotion nor sexual activity reduced aggression in male mice. The effect was observed also in serotonin-depleted animals and is hence probably not caused by the antagonism of serotonin receptors displayed by the drug; refuting the possibility that it is due to 5-HT1B activation, it was also not counteracted by isamoltane. (-)-OSU61612 did not display the profile of an anxiogenic or anxiolytic drug in the EPM but caused a general reduction in activity that is well in line with the previous finding that it reduces exploratory behavior of non-habituated animals. In line with the observations in males, (-)-OSU61612 reduced estrus cycle-related aggression in female Wistar rats, a tentative animal model of premenstrual dysphoria. By stabilizing dopaminergic transmission, (-)-OSU61612 may prove useful as a well-tolerated treatment of various forms of aggression and irritability.
|
|
| 40. |
- van der Schot, Gijs, et al.
(författare)
-
Imaging single cells in a beam of live cyanobacteria with an X-ray laser
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There exists a conspicuous gap of knowledge about the organization of life at mesoscopic levels. Ultra-fast coherent diffractive imaging with X-ray free-electron lasers can probe structures at the relevant length scales and may reach sub-nanometer resolution on micron-sized living cells. Here we show that we can introduce a beam of aerosolised cyanobacteria into the focus of the Linac Coherent Light Source and record diffraction patterns from individual living cells at very low noise levels and at high hit ratios. We obtain two-dimensional projection images directly from the diffraction patterns, and present the results as synthetic X-ray Nomarski images calculated from the complex-valued reconstructions. We further demonstrate that it is possible to record diffraction data to nanometer resolution on live cells with X-ray lasers. Extension to sub-nanometer resolution is within reach, although improvements in pulse parameters and X-ray area detectors will be necessary to unlock this potential.
|
|
| 41. |
- van der Schot, Gijs, et al.
(författare)
-
Open data set of live cyanobacterial cells imaged using an X-ray laser
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structural studies on living cells by conventional methods are limited to low resolution because radiation damage kills cells long before the necessary dose for high resolution can be delivered. X-ray free-electron lasers circumvent this problem by outrunning key damage processes with an ultra-short and extremely bright coherent X-ray pulse. Diffraction-before-destruction experiments provide high-resolution data from cells that are alive when the femtosecond X-ray pulse traverses the sample. This paper presents two data sets from micron-sized cyanobacteria obtained at the Linac Coherent Light Source, containing a total of 199,000 diffraction patterns. Utilizing this type of diffraction data will require the development of new analysis methods and algorithms for studying structure and structural variability in large populations of cells and to create abstract models. Such studies will allow us to understand living cells and populations of cells in new ways. New X-ray lasers, like the European XFEL, will produce billions of pulses per day, and could open new areas in structural sciences.
|
|
| 42. |
- van Meel, Evelien R., et al.
(författare)
-
Early-life respiratory tract infections and the risk of school-age lower lung function and asthma: a meta-analysis of 150 000 European children
- 2022
-
Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 60:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Early-life respiratory tract infections might affect chronic obstructive respiratory diseases, but conclusive studies from general populations are lacking. Our objective was to examine if children with early-life respiratory tract infections had increased risks of lower lung function and asthma at school age. Methods We used individual participant data of 150 090 children primarily from the EU Child Cohort Network to examine the associations of upper and lower respiratory tract infections from age 6 months to 5 years with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC (FEF75%) and asthma at a median (range) age of 7 (4-15) years. Results Children with early-life lower, not upper, respiratory tract infections had a lower school-age FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEF75% (z-score range: -0.09 (95% CI -0.14- -0.04) to -0.30 (95% CI -0.36- -0.24)). Children with early-life lower respiratory tract infections had a higher increased risk of school-age asthma than those with upper respiratory tract infections (OR range: 2.10 (95% CI 1.98-2.22) to 6.30 (95% CI 5.64-7.04) and 1.25 (95% CI 1.18-1.32) to 1.55 (95% CI 1.47-1.65), respectively). Adjustment for preceding respiratory tract infections slightly decreased the strength of the effects. Observed associations were similar for those with and without early-life wheezing as a proxy for early-life asthma. Conclusions Our findings suggest that early-life respiratory tract infections affect development of chronic obstructive respiratory diseases in later life, with the strongest effects for lower respiratory tract infections.
|
|
| 43. |
- Wolf, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Identifying factors explaining practice variation in secondary stroke prevention in primary care : a cohort study based on all patients with ischaemic stroke in the Stockholm region
- 2022
-
Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 12:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe the practice variation in dispensation of secondary stroke preventive drugs among patients at different primary care centres (PCCs) in Stockholm region and to identify factors that may explain the variation.DESIGN: Cohort study using administrative data from the Stockholm region.SETTING: Stockholm Health Care Region, Sweden, serving a population of 2.3 million inhabitants, hospital and PCC data.PARTICIPANTS: All patients (n=9761) with ischaemic stroke treated in hospital from 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2014 were included. Of these, 7562 patients registered with 187 PCCs were analysed. Exclusion criteria were; deceased patients, age <18, haemorrhagic stroke and/or switching PCC.PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: As primary outcome the impact of PCC organisation variables and patient characteristics on the dispensation of statins, antiplatelets, antihypertensives and anticoagulants were analysed. Secondarily, the unadjusted practice variation of preventive drug dispensation of 187 PCCs is described.RESULTS: There was up to fourfold practice variation in dispensation of all secondary preventive drugs. Factors associated with a lower level of dispensed statins were privately run PCCs (OR 0.91 (95% CI 0.82 to 1.00)) and the patient being woman. Increased statin use was associated with a higher number of specialists in family medicine (OR 1.03 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.05)) and a higher proportion of patients registered with a specific physician (OR 1.37 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.68)). Women had on average a lower number of dispensed antihypertensives.CONCLUSIONS: A high practice variation for dispensation of all secondary preventive drugs was observed. Patient and PCC level factors indicating good continuity of care and high level of general practitioner education were associated with higher use of statins. Findings are of importance to policymakers as well as individual providers of care, and more research and actions are needed to minimise inequality in healthcare.
|
|
| 44. |
- Åsberg, Jakob, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Reading comprehension among typically developing Swedish-speaking 10-12-year-olds: Examining subgroups differentiated in terms of language and decoding skills.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2022 .- 1401-5439. ; 35:4, s. 189-193
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on data from 156 typically developing 10-12-year-olds from Sweden, reading comprehension skills were studied in three subgroups: those classified with specific poor word decoding skills (n = 10), those with specific poor language comprehension (n = 12), and those with mixed difficulties in word decoding and language comprehension (n = 11). The mixed poor group achieved significantly lower scores than both specific groups in reading comprehension, and was the only group displaying poor reading comprehension test results relative to the performance of the full sample. Results are indicative of the necessity of a combined effect of poor word decoding and language in reading comprehension difficulties for this group. Implications and limitations are discussed.
|
|
| 45. |
- Åsberg Johnels, Jakob, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Current profiles and early predictors of reading skills in school-age children with autism spectrum disorders: A longitudinal, retrospective population study.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Autism : the international journal of research and practice. - : SAGE Publications. - 1461-7005. ; 23:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores current reading profiles and concurrent and early predictors of reading in children with autism spectrum disorder. Before the age of 3years, the study cohort underwent a neurodevelopmental assessment following identification in a population-based autism screening. At age 8years, reading, language and cognition were assessed. Approximately half of the sample ( n=25) were 'poor readers' at age 8years, meaning that they scored below the normal range on tests of single word reading and reading comprehension. And 18 were 'skilled readers' performing above cut-offs. The final subgroup ( n = 10) presented with a 'hyperlexic/poor comprehenders' profile of normal word reading, but poor reading comprehension. The 'poor readers' scored low on all assessments, as well as showing more severe autistic behaviours than 'skilled readers'. Group differences between 'skilled readers' and 'hyperlexics/poor comprehenders' were more subtle: these subgroups did not differ on autistic severity, phonological processing or non-verbal intelligence quotient, but the 'hyperlexics/poor comprehenders' scored significantly lower on tests of oral language. When data from age 3 were considered, no differences were seen between the subgroups in social skills, autistic severity or intelligence quotient. Importantly, however, it was possible to identify oral language weaknesses in those that 5years later presented as 'poor readers' or 'hyperlexics'.
|
|
