| 1. |
- Adolfsson, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of signal fading in lithium formate EPR dosimeters using a new sensitive method
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0031-9155 .- 1361-6560. ; 57:8, s. 2209-2217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate signal fading in lithium formate electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimeters used for clinical applications in radiotherapy. A new experimental method for determination of signal fading, designed to resolve small changes in signal from slowly decaying unstable radicals, was used. Possible signal fading in lithium formate due to different storage temperatures was also tested. Air humidity was kept at a constant level of 33% throughout the experiments. The conclusion drawn from the investigations was that the EPR signal from lithium formate is stable during at least 1 month after irradiation and is not sensitive to variations in storage temperature andlt;40 degrees C when kept at a relative air humidity of 33%. This makes lithium formate a suitable dosimeter for transfer dosimetry in clinical audits.
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| 2. |
- Anderzen-Carlsson, Agneta, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge, skills and information needs on older residents’ hearing loss and hearing aids : Translation and adaptation of a Norwegian instrument
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The objective with the project is to find a valid and culturally appropriate instrument for measuring the professionals' knowledge, skills and information needs on older residents’ hearing loss and hearing aids. Such an instrument could optimally be used in clinical praxis, as well as in research, for cross-sectional studies and for measuring change related to educational interventions.Materials: The Norwegian instrument Knowledge, skills and information needs on residents’ hearing loss and hearing aids was identified in the literature. Its content was, by the research group regarded as relevant in a Swedish setting, although some cultural adaptations seemed to be necessary.Methods: The translation and cultural adaptations were performed in line with the International Society For Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Task Force For Translation and Cultural Adapation, as outlined below:1. We first asked one of the original authors for permission to translate the instrument.2. Two of the authors (KB and MB) individually translated the content of the instrument. Their first language is Swedish, but both are familiar with the Norwegian language.3. The other authors individually and together checked the translations and judged whether the statements were comprehensible in Swedish, and made necessary cultural adaptations. For example, the nursing home settings, and job types within this sector are not identical in the two countries.4. An independent person, with knowledge of both Swedish and Norwegian (Norwegian being the first language), but with no previous knowledge of the instrument made a back-translation. This person had good knowledge of the setting, being a professor in geriatrics.5. The authors compared the original version of the instrument with the back-translated version and discussed some inconsistences with the first author of the original instrument, before we all agreed on a first preliminary Swedish version.6. 12 professionals having audiological competence, experience of nursing older people or teaching in nursing piloted the first preliminary Swedish version. They suggested some reformulations of questions and responses, which were discussed and decided on within the research group.7. The next step is to test the preliminary Swedish version of the instrument, which will take place during the winter of 2019-2020. A sample of professionals working in different nursing homes in two Swedish counties will be invited to participate. The plan is to include 400 professionals. The sample size is based on an optimal sample for performing a factor analysis as part of the assessment of the psychometric properties of the preliminary Swedish version. It also allows cross-sectional sub-analyses, based on different groups of professionals and level of nursing home.8. The project will be presented in a scientific journal, and used in a future intervention study. The instrument can also be used in clinical improvement work.Conclusion: The results are promising. To the best of our knowledge, there is no Swedish instrument available for measuring professionals' knowledge, skills and information needs on older residents’ hearing loss and hearing aids. It seems necessary to have such an instrument, as the number of older people increases in Sweden, as well as worldwide. Impaired hearing, as well as assistive needs increase with age, and thus it is of great importance to ensure that professionals working with older people have sufficient knowledge to assist them.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Carlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Physiological demands of competitive sprint and distance performance in elite female cross-country skiing
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1064-8011 .- 1533-4287. ; 30:8, s. 2138-2144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose was to investigate the relationship between elite females' competitive performance capability in sprint and distance cross-country skiing and the variables of gross efficiency (GE), work rate at the onset of blood-lactate accumulation (OBLA4mmol), maximal oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2max), maximal speed (Vmax), and peak upper-body oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak). Ten elite female cross-country skiers (age 24.5 ± 2.8 years) completed treadmill roller-skiing tests to determine GE, OBLA4mmol, and V[Combining Dot Above]O2max using the diagonal-stride technique as well as Vmax and V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak using the double-poling technique. International Ski Federations ranking points for sprint (FISsprint) and distance (FISdist) races were used as competitive performance data. There were correlations between the FISsprint and the V[Combining Dot Above]O2max expressed absolutely (p = 0.0040), Vmax (p = 0.012), and V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak expressed absolutely (p < 0.001) and as a simple ratio-standard (p = 0.049). The FISdist were correlated with OBLA4mmol (p = 0.048), V[Combining Dot Above]O2max expressed absolutely (L·min) (p = 0.015) and as a simple ratio-standard (p = 0.046), and V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak expressed absolutely (p = 0.036) and as a simple ratio-standard (ml·min·kg) (p = 0.040). The results demonstrate that the physiological abilities reflected by V[Combining Dot Above]O2max and V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak are indicators of competitive sprint and distance performance in elite female cross-country skiing. In addition, the ability to generate a high Vmax indicates the performance in sprint races, whereas the skier's OBLA4mmol reflects the performance capability in distance races. Based on the results, when evaluating the performance capacity of elite female cross-country skiers, it is recommended to use physiological variables that reflect competitive performance.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Abdel-Fattah, Wael R., et al.
(författare)
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Growth-regulated co-occupancy of Mediator and Lsm3 at intronic ribosomal protein genes
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press. - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 52:11, s. 6220-6233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mediator is a well-known transcriptional co-regulator and serves as an adaptor between gene-specific regulatory proteins and RNA polymerase II. Studies on the chromatin-bound form of Mediator revealed interactions with additional protein complexes involved in various transcription-related processes, such as the Lsm2–8 complex that is part of the spliceosomal U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex. Here, we employ Chromatin Immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) of chromatin associated with the Lsm3 protein and the Med1 or Med15 Mediator subunits. We identify 86 genes co-occupied by both Lsm3 and Mediator, of which 73 were intron-containing ribosomal protein genes. In logarithmically growing cells, Mediator primarily binds to their promoter regions but also shows a second, less pronounced occupancy at their 3́-exons. During the late exponential phase, we observe a near-complete transition of Mediator from these promoters to a position in their 3́-ends, overlapping the Lsm3 binding sites ∼250 bp downstream of their last intron–exon boundaries. Using an unbiased RNA sequencing approach, we show that transition of Mediator from promoters to the last exon of these genes correlates to reduction of both their messenger RNA levels and splicing ratios, indicating that the Mediator and Lsm complexes cooperate to control growth-regulated expression of intron-containing ribosomal protein genes at the levels of transcription and splicing.
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| 7. |
- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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"Vi klimatforskare stödjer Greta och skolungdomarna"
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 15/3. Sedan industrialiseringens början har vi använt omkring fyra femtedelar av den mängd fossilt kol som får förbrännas för att vi ska klara Parisavtalet. Vi har bara en femtedel kvar och det är bråttom att kraftigt reducera utsläppen. Det har Greta Thunberg och de strejkande ungdomarna förstått. Därför stödjer vi deras krav, skriver 270 klimatforskare.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Mattias K, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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ATR is a MYB regulated gene and potential therapeutic target in adenoid cystic carcinoma
- 2020
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Ingår i: Oncogenesis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2157-9024. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer that preferentially occurs in the head and neck, breast, as well as in other sites. It is an aggressive cancer with high rates of recurrence and distant metastasis. Patients with advanced disease are generally incurable due to the lack of effective systemic therapies. Activation of the master transcriptional regulator MYB is the genomic hallmark of ACC. MYB activation occurs through chromosomal translocation, copy number gain or enhancer hijacking, and is the key driving event in the pathogenesis of ACC. However, the functional consequences of alternative mechanisms of MYB activation are still uncertain. Here, we show that overexpression of MYB or MYB-NFIB fusions leads to transformation of human glandular epithelial cells in vitro and results in analogous cellular and molecular consequences. MYB and MYB-NFIB expression led to increased cell proliferation and upregulation of genes involved in cell cycle control, DNA replication, and DNA repair. Notably, we identified the DNA-damage sensor kinase ATR, as a MYB downstream therapeutic target that is overexpressed in primary ACCs and ACC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). Treatment with the clinical ATR kinase inhibitor VX-970 induced apoptosis in MYB-positive ACC cells and growth inhibition in ACC PDXs. To our knowledge, ATR is the first example of an actionable target downstream of MYB that could be further exploited for therapeutic opportunities in ACC patients. Our findings may also have implications for other types of neoplasms with activation of the MYB oncogene.
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| 9. |
- Andreasson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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BCR/ABL-negative chronic myeloid leukemia with ETV6/ABL fusion
- 1997
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Ingår i: Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer. - 1045-2257. ; 20:3, s. 299-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A BCR/ABL-negative chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with t(12;14) (p12;q11-13) as the sole chromosomal abnormality was investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which disclosed a cryptic insertion of ETV6 (previously called TEL), located at 12p12, into ABL at chromosome band 9q34. ETV6/ABL fusion was confirmed by RT-PCR, revealing that the first five exons of ETV6 were fused in frame with ABL at exon 2. Wild-type ETV6 was expressed, in accordance with the FISH results showing no deletion of the second ETV6 allele. ETV6/ABL chimeric transcripts have previously been reported in acute leukemias, but never before in CML. The present case suggests that ETV6/ABL positivity may constitute a new genetic subgroup of BCR-negative CML.
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| 10. |
- Aronsson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Cost-effectiveness of high-sensitivity faecal immunochemical test and colonoscopy screening for colorectal cancer
- 2017
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Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : WILEY. - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 104:8, s. 1078-1086
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Colorectal cancer screening can decrease morbidity and mortality. However, there are widespread differences in the implementation of programmes and choice of strategy. The primary objective of this study was to estimate lifelong costs and health outcomes of two of the currently most preferred methods of screening for colorectal cancer: colonoscopy and sensitive faecal immunochemical test (FIT). Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis of colorectal cancer screening in a Swedish population was performed using a decision analysis model, based on the design of the Screening of Swedish Colons (SCREESCO) study, and data from the published literature and registries. Lifelong cost and effects of colonoscopy once, colonoscopy every 10 years, FIT twice, FIT biennially and no screening were estimated using simulations. Results: For 1000 individuals invited to screening, it was estimated that screening once with colonoscopy yielded 49 more quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and a cost saving of (sic)64 800 compared with no screening. Similarly, screening twice with FIT gave 26 more QALYs and a cost saving of (sic)17 600. When the colonoscopic screening was repeated every tenth year, 7 additional QALYs were gained at a cost of (sic)189 400 compared with a single colonoscopy. The additional gain with biennial FIT screening was 25 QALYs at a cost of (sic)154 300 compared with two FITs. Conclusion: All screening strategies were cost-effective compared with no screening. Repeated and single screening strategies with colonoscopy were more cost-effective than FIT when lifelong effects and costs were considered. However, other factors such as patient acceptability of the test and availability of human resources also have to be taken into account.
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| 11. |
- Aronsson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Hälsoekonomisk förstudie av digital patologi : Var finns de potentiella vinsterna?
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BakgrundDet pågår en utveckling inom patologiska laboratorier mot en ökad digital lagring och analyser av bilder från vävnadsprover via datorskärm istället för mikroskop. En digital lagring av informationen har en rad potentiella fördelar. Informationen kan läsas av flera personer samtidigt, även på distans, vilket underlättar utnyttjande av expertkunskap och ger möjligheter till ökat kapacitetsutnyttjande. Än så länge finns det endast begränsade tillämpningar i klinisk rutinanvändning. Sverige ligger dock i framkant när det gäller systemutveckling.På grund av att digitaliseringen förväntas leda till ökade kostnader i kombination med osäkerhet kring effekterna gör att hälsoekonomiska analyser är efterfrågade. Avsaknad av data kring effekterna av digitalisering har hittills inte tillåtit någon adekvat värdering av hälsoekonomiska aspekter. Trots bristen på effektdata är det hög tid att börja fundera på vad man vill ta reda på, hur det ska gå till, hur förutsättningarna ser ut för att kunna fylla de kunskapsluckor som behöver fyllas.SyfteSyftet med denna förstudie är att undersöka hur en hälsoekonomisk utvärdering av digital patologi skulle kunna läggas upp, förutsättningarna att göra en sådan utvärdering utifrån tillgängliga data och identifiera behov av kompletterande forskning.MetodDigitalisering av ett patologilaboratorium omfattar och påverkar stora delar av verksamheten på ett komplext sätt. Därför bör den totala ekonomiska effekten av tidsvinster, som kan bidra till lägre kostnader, liksom tillkommande kostnader på grund av nya arbetsmoment, lagring och ny utrustning studeras. I förstudien har vi undersökt möjligheterna att relatera totalkostnaderna och kostnaderna uppdelade på olika kostnadsslag till standardprodukter vid laboratoriet, i detta fall producerade remissvar respektive glas.Den största patientnyttan av en digitalisering förväntas uppstå tack vare kortare svarstider och ökad diagnostisk säkerhet. För att kunna besvara frågan om storleken på patientnyttan behöver specifika tillämpningar (cancertyper) identifieras där digital patologi förmodas göra skillnad jämfört med traditionellt använd teknik. För att i ett tidigt skede försöka identifiera kostnader och vinster med digital patologi användes tre analysmodeller med olika perspektiv. De tre modellerna är Arbetsflöde och volymer, Nytta ur ett patientperspektiv och Nytta ur ett medicinskt perspektiv. Med hjälp av de tre analysmodellerna har kortsiktiga och långsiktiga potentiella effekter av ett fullskaligt införande analyserats.ResultatViktiga uppgifter saknas både om förhållandena idag men framförallt vet vi mycket lite om effekterna av digitalisering. Detta innebär att det i nuläget inte är möjligt att göra exakta beräkningar eller dra välinformerade slutsatser rörande vilka hälsoekonomiska effekter en digitalisering innebär samt säkert bestämma alla typer av data som är relevanta att studera. Med hjälp av modellerna går det redan nu att dra vissa slutsatser. Vi har spekulerat om den potentiella nyttan med en fullskalig digitalisering i två av de tre modellerna. Modell 1 kan användas som utgångspunkt för att analysera en förbättrad arbetsprocess inom patologavdelningen, framförallt är det intressant att försöka mäta processtiden per glas för patologen. Modell 2 kan användas för att studera hur en minskning av väntetiderna för PAD-besked påverkar patienten i form av minskad oro och ångest. Utifrån Modell 3 drar vi slutsatsen att det är osannolikt att eventuellt förkortade väntetider till följd av en digitalisering innebär mätbar medicinsk nytta. Det är dock viktigt att påpeka att vi endast studerat ett exempel där en medicinsk nytta skulle kunna förväntas.Studier från USA där försök att skatta kostnadsförändringar pekar mot att huvuddelen av förväntade besparingar görs genom förbättrad produktivitet, men att hela 30 procent av besparingarna förväntas uppstå genom minskad onödig vård som uppstår på grund av felaktiga svar.SlutsatserVetenskapliga utvärderingar av effekter och kostnader av en digitalisering avpatologiska laboratorier, som avser svenska förhållanden, saknas.I dagsläget är det inte möjligt att göra exakta beräkningar eller dra slutsatserrörande hälsoekonomiska effekter av en digitalisering för att basala effektdataoch tillförlitliga kostnadsdata saknas.Med hjälp av tre framtagna modeller går det att dra vissa slutsatser om vilkatyper av data som är relevanta att studera. Modell 1 kan användas för attanalysera en förbättrad arbetsprocess inom patologavdelningen framföralltom det går att visa att tiden per glas för patologen kan minskas. Modell 2 kananvändas för att studera hur en minskning av väntetiderna för PAD-besked påverkar patienten i form av minskad oro och ångest. Modell 3 kan användassom utgångspunkt för att identifiera och analysera situationer i vården där enkortare svarstid kan påverka kliniska beslut.Hur stor patienters livskvalitetsförlust är under väntan på provsvar är ettexempel på data som skulle behöva tas fram i avvaktan på effektdata fråndigitalisering av arbetsprocesserna inom patologin. Likaså behöver redovisningenav kostnader förbättras. Ett tredje område gäller kartläggning aveventuell onödig eller utebliven vård på grund av felaktiga provsvar.Digitaliseringen av patologin behöver studeras hälsoekonomiskt. Om sådanastudier ska bli valida förutsätter det att verksamhetsföreträdare i patologiefterfrågar sådan kunskap, är med och formulerar frågeställningar ochmedverkar i analysarbetet.
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| 12. |
- Banerjee, Anup, et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid board governance : Exploring the challenges in implementing social impact measurements
- 2024
-
Ingår i: The British Accounting Review. - : Elsevier. - 0890-8389 .- 1095-8347.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on hybrid board governance and the challenges faced by the board of directors when implementing social impact measurements. Interviews with 36 board chairs and general secretaries in social hybrids in Sweden show that while boards support social impact measurements, they face obstacles in implementing them. Drawing on the institutional logics framework, we identify three main reasons for these implementation problems. First, amid field level regulations focusing on cost efficiency, boards find it difficult to switch to a social impact that lacks a single metric that can be measured annually. Second, board members struggle to find sufficient time when they serve on a pro bono basis, and it is difficult to hold them accountable when limited progress occurs. Finally, acknowledging board practice variation, we highlight the need to distinguish between “beneficiary-driven” and “membership-driven” social hybrids. In the former, boards face the challenge of operationalizing the long-term benefits for end beneficiaries; in the latter, interactions with members are so operationally focused that boards struggle to maintain a long-term agenda for implementing social impact measurement. Given these challenges, we propose that future research should explicitly incorporate the board level in theorizing how hybrid organizations manage institutional logics and performance measurement.
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| 13. |
- Banerjee, Anup
(författare)
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The role of the board chair : Changing expectations and hybrid organizations
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this dissertation is to enhance our understanding of the changing role of the board chair and what this means for hybrid organizations and their board work. Historically, the role of the boards and their chairs evolved around safeguarding shareholders’ financial interests. Whilst this responsibility persists, boards are increasingly expected to embrace societal issues in board governance discussions and to rethink performance measurement systems to incorporate the social impacts generated by their organizations. To navigate these challenges, boards are encouraged to adopt hybrid board governance systems that strike a balance between financial and social mission targets. Board chairs can guide boards to secure such a hybrid outlook, but we lack academic insights on this role beyond financial performance. Systematically reviewing four decades of research, the first article of the dissertation demonstrates the need and opportunities for considering divergent stakeholder interests and contextual factors influencing the role of the board chair. Building on this, the second article engages with board chairs and general secretaries in social hybrid organizations and unearths different board-specific and field level challenges that currently hinder boards from implementing social impact measurements. Subsequently, the third article discusses how adopting a qualitative, engaged scholarship approach can generate practice informed research, contributing new understanding for boards and their chairs. Together, these insights offer implications for theory and practice and promote an agenda for future research that embraces a social purpose beyond profit maximization.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 16. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 17. |
- Bock, David, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Do negative intrusive thoughts at diagnosis predict impaired quality of life, depressed mood and waking up with anxiety 3, 12 and 24 months after radical prostatectomy?–a longitudinal study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 54:3, s. 220-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the effect of intrusive thoughts at diagnosis on quality of life, depressed mood and waking up with anxiety up to two years after radical prostatectomy. Method: The Laparoscopic Prostatectomy Robot Open (LAPPRO) trial was a prospective, longitudinal multicenter study of 4003 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Questionnaire data were collected preoperatively, at 3, 12 and 24 months after surgery. Results: The group of patients with intrusive thoughts at diagnosis had a statistically significant higher postoperative prevalence of impaired quality of life, depressed mood and waking up with anxiety as compared with the group of patients with no or minor intrusive thoughts. The highest risk increase for impaired QoL, depressed mood and waking up with anxiety ≥1/week was at 12, 3 and 3 months, respectively, where the three outcomes increased by 38% (RR: 1.38; 95%CI: 1.27–1.49)), 136% (RR: 2.36; 95%CI: 1.74–3.19)) and 165% (RR: 2.65; 95%CI: 2.22–3.17)), respectively. Conclusions: The demonstrated link between intrusive thoughts and quality of life, depressed mood and waking up with anxiety deliver is further evidence to the idea that intrusive thoughts has potential as an endpoint for assessing and predicting psychological distress among men with prostate cancer diagnosis. Trial registration number: ISRCTN06393679 (www.isrctn.com). Date of registration: 07/02/2008. Retrospectively registered. © 2020, © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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| 18. |
- Brownwood, B., et al.
(författare)
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Gas-Particle Partitioning and SOA Yields of Organonitrate Products from NO3-Initiated Oxidation of Isoprene under Varied Chemical Regimes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acs Earth and Space Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2472-3452. ; 5:4, s. 785-800
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alkyl nitrate (AN) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the reaction of nitrate radicals (NO3) with isoprene were observed in the Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a large Reaction (SAPHIR) chamber during the NO(3)Isop campaign in August 2018. Based on 15 day-long experiments under various reaction conditions, we conclude that the reaction has a nominally unity molar AN yield (observed range 90 +/- 40%) and an SOA mass yield of OA + organic nitrate aerosol of 13-15% (with similar to 50 mu g m(-3) inorganic seed aerosol and 2-5 mu g m-3 total organic aerosol). Isoprene (5-25 ppb) and oxidant (typically similar to 100 ppb O-3 and 5-25 ppb NO2) concentrations and aerosol composition (inorganic and organic coating) were varied while remaining close to ambient conditions, producing similar AN and SOA yields under all regimes. We observe the formation of dinitrates upon oxidation of the second double bond only once the isoprene precursor is fully consumed. We determine the bulk partitioning coefficient for ANs (K-p similar to 10(-3) m(3) mu g(-1)), indicating an average volatility corresponding to a C-5 hydroxy hydroperoxy nitrate.
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| 19. |
- Candela-Juan, C., et al.
(författare)
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Dosimetric characterization of two radium sources for retrospective dosimetry studies
- 2015
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Ingår i: Medical physics (Lancaster). - : American Association of Physicists in Medicine: Medical Physics. - 0094-2405 .- 2473-4209. ; 42:5, s. 2132-2142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: During the first part of the 20th century, Ra-226 was the most used radionuclide for brachytherapy. Retrospective accurate dosimetry, coupled with patient follow up, is important for advancing knowledge on long-term radiation effects. The purpose of this work was to dosimetrically characterize two Ra-226 sources, commonly used in Sweden during the first half of the 20th century, for retrospective dose-effect studies. Methods: An 8 mg Ra-226 tube and a 10 mg Ra-226 needle, used at Radiumhemmet (Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden), from 1925 to the 1960s, were modeled in two independent Monte Carlo (MC) radiation transport codes: GEANT4 and MCNP5. Absorbed dose and collision kerma around the two sources were obtained, from which the TG-43 parameters were derived for the secular equilibrium state. Furthermore, results from this dosimetric formalism were compared with results from a MC simulation with a superficial mould constituted by five needles inside a glass casing, placed over a water phantom, trying to mimic a typical clinical setup. Calculated absorbed doses using the TG-43 formalism were also compared with previously reported measurements and calculations based on the Sievert integral. Finally, the dose rate at large distances from a Ra-226 point-like-source placed in the center of 1 m radius water sphere was calculated with GEANT4. Results: TG-43 parameters [including gL(r), F(r,theta), Lambda, and s(K)] have been uploaded in spreadsheets as additional material, and the fitting parameters of a mathematical curve that provides the dose rate between 10 and 60 cm from the source have been provided. Results from TG-43 formalism are consistent within the treatment volume with those of a MC simulation of a typical clinical scenario. Comparisons with reported measurements made with thermoluminescent dosimeters show differences up to 13% along the transverse axis of the radium needle. It has been estimated that the uncertainty associated to the absorbed dose within the treatment volume is 10%-15%, whereas uncertainty of absorbed dose to distant organs is roughly 20%-25%. Conclusions: The results provided here facilitate retrospective dosimetry studies of Ra-226 using modern treatment planning systems, which may be used to improve knowledge on long term radiation effects. It is surely important for the epidemiologic studies to be aware of the estimated uncertainty provided here before extracting their conclusions.
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| 20. |
- Carlsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Molecular serum portraits in patients with primary breast cancer predict the development of distant metastases.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 108:34, s. 14252-14257
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The risk of distant recurrence in breast cancer patients is difficult to assess with current clinical and histopathological parameters, and no validated serum biomarkers currently exist. Using a recently developed recombinant antibody microarray platform containing 135 antibodies against 65 mainly immunoregulatory proteins, we screened 240 sera from 64 patients with primary breast cancer. This unique longitudinal sample material was collected from each patient between 0 and 36 mo after the primary operation. The velocity for each serum protein was determined by comparing the samples collected at the primary operation and then 3-6 mo later. A 21-protein signature was identified, using leave-one-out cross-validation together with a backward elimination strategy in a training cohort. This signature was tested and evaluated subsequently in an independent test cohort (prevalidation). The risk of developing distant recurrence after primary operation could be assessed for each patient, using her molecular portraits. The results from this prevalidation study showed that patients could be classified into high- versus low-risk groups for developing metastatic breast cancer with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.85. This risk assessment was not dependent on the type of adjuvant therapy received by the patients. Even more importantly, we demonstrated that this protein signature provided an added value compared with conventional clinical parameters. Consequently, we present here a candidate serum biomarker signature able to classify patients with primary breast cancer according to their risk of developing distant recurrence, with an accuracy outperforming current procedures.
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| 21. |
- Carlsson, Anders, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
Sustainability Jam Sessions for vision creation and problem solving
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 98, s. 29-35
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents a concept for creating arenas where expertise from certain branches of industry can interact with sustainability professionals and researchers to address and solve sustainability challenges. The concept Sustainability Jam Session (SJS) builds upon the idea of conducting creative meetings between professionals in “jam sessions,” similar to those associated primarily with music and improvisation. Approaches such as these have been used in the IT sector over the past decades, but this is the first attempt to apply it in the area of sustainability. SJS's were tested at the 2012 Greening of Industry Network Conference (GIN2012) and here we report our experiences from arranging six SJS's at the conference.A typical process of an SJS includes a preparatory phase, the actual jam, and documentation and follow up. The preparatory phase mainly involves identifying hosts and topics to be addressed at the SJS, followed by attracting participants. The jam is started by an introduction of the topics, a technical visit (if appropriate), and a problem-solving workshop, ending with a wrap-up reporting. Thorough documentation is necessary for following up the results of the SJS and preparing for implementation of the identified solutions.We conclude that skill, structure, setting, and surrender of control, as well as finding “red and hot” topics for the jams are the key factors for successful SJS's.Based on our experiences from GIN2012, we recommend other research conferences in the sustainability field use SJS's if the intention is to boost the interaction between the conference and the host region or non-academic organizations in general. We also suggest that a similar approach can be used in regional development for creating an infrastructure for learning and transformation towards sustainability and initiatives for open innovation.
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| 22. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of heat on interspecific competition in saprotrophic wood fungi
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Fungal ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 11, s. 100-106
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some boreal wood fungi that are associated with forest fire or open dry habitats have an increased resistance to heat in comparison to species associated with a less specific distribution or species found in mesic forests. We hypothesize that extreme temperature-stress experienced during fires will favor species adapted to heat and, ultimately, the composition of species inhabiting logs in such habitats will change. Competitiveness after temperature stress was examined in three fire-associated species – Dichomitus squalens, Gloeophyllum sepiarium and Phlebiopsis gigantea – and three non fire-associated species – Ischnoderma benzoinum, Phellinus pini and Fomitopsis pinicola. There was a difference between the fire-associated species and the non fire-associated species with respect to competitive strength after heat stress. All fire-associated species had an advantage after heat treatment, colonizing a larger volume of wood than any non-fire-associated competitor. Our findings suggest that increased heat tolerance of mycelia can exert a competitive balance shift after forest fire. It shows that a system governed by forest fire will be dominance controlled under certain conditions. Furthermore, from a management perspective, during a prescribed burning, certain species already present in the ecosystem will be favored if the fire is not allowed to totally consume the substrates.
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| 23. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Increased CO2 evolution caused by heat treatment in wood-decaying fungi
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Mycological progress. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1617-416X .- 1861-8952. ; 16:5, s. 513-519
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood-decaying fungi are regarded as the main decomposers of woody debris in boreal forests. Given that fungal respiration makes a significant contribution to terrestrial carbon flows, it is important to understand how the wood-decaying fungal metabolism is regulated in relation to different environmental conditions and disturbances. In the present study, we investigated the effect of temperature stress on wood decomposition rate in 18 species of wood-decaying fungi, representing a broad range of species-habitat associations. Heat shock duration and temperature were calibrated to match the conditions of a forest fire. We found a general increase in fungal decay rate after heat shock; the response was more pronounced in species associated with fire-prone forests. The underlying mechanism is unclear, but possibly relates to an up-regulation at the cellular level in response to heat shock. Our results show that the decomposition rate of dead wood can be strongly affected by environmental triggers.
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| 24. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Increased decomposition, triggered by heat shock found in wood fungi
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wood fungi can be extremely heat resilient: several studies have shown that species can survive highly elevated temperatures relative to their growth optima. In this study we examine the effect of heat shock on subsequent decomposition rates. Sixteen species of wood fungi were tested over a period of 17 weeks. All strains were inoculated on to sterilized pine wood cylinders, placed in small bio chambers and tested twiice a week for CO2 accumulation. After 8 weeks all species were subjected to heat shock. We found that this triggered an increased decomposition rate in all species, this increase peaked 6 weeks after the shock. the peak was higher in wood fungi species that are associated with forest fires compared to specoes with no such association.
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| 25. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Increased heat resistance in mycelia from wood fungi prevalent in forests characterized by fire : a possible adaptation to forest fire.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Fungal Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-6146 .- 1878-6162. ; 116:10, s. 1025-1031
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractForest fire has for a long time been the major stand replacing/modifying disturbance in boreal forests. For organisms to adopt to this phenomenon different strategies for protective measurements has evolved. This study focuses on the organism group of wood fungi, and one of several possibilities for adaptation to forest fire - increased heat resistance in the mycelia. 16 species of wood fungi where selected and sorted a priori according to their prevalence for fire affected substrate. These were isolated and re-inoculated on pine wood before testing. Experiments where done in a series where the mycelia was exposed to 100, 140, 180, 220°C for 5, 10, 15, 20, 15 min. A very clear difference was found, the group containing species with a prevalence for a fire affected substrate had a much higher survival rate over all combinations of time and temperature compared to species with a more general ecology. This data suggests that increased heat resistance in mycelia could be a possible adaptation to forest fire. This in turn has major impacts on the ecology and population dynamics of wood fungi. An increase in temperature could shift the population structure in a log, allowing minor non fruiting mycelia content to expand on the expense of earlier dominant colonizers. Furthermore this study has implications on how to control prescribed restoration burning events. When burning areas where the dead wood content is dominated by early decay stages, loss of species can be avoided by proper management.
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| 26. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Testing the probability of finding major decomposing basidiomycetes in logs with T-RFLP - implications for field sampling
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this article we examine the limitations and potential of T-RFLP for the accurate detection of fungal species in dead wood. We collected cross-sections of decayed logs to evaluate the number of fungal species domains that are likely to be hit when drilling a sawdust sample from a log. We used these estimates to simulate the number of species that would be found using a certain number of samples. We found that in 99% of the simulations, 4 or fewer species would be contained in a sample. Based on these results we tested the probability of detecting two species of wood-decaying basidiomycetes at three different DNA concentration ratios: 1:1, 1:5 and 1:20. An additional experiment was done with 3-5 species. It was possible to detect all species at ratios higher than 1:20 but lower than 1:5; in this range all peaks were easily detected. We were able to detect all species in the mixtures of 3-5 species, with extracts from both pure cultures and wood.
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| 27. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1974-
(författare)
-
Wood Fungi and Forest Fire
- 2014
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forest fires have been the major stand-replacing/modifying disturbance in boreal forests. To adapt to fire disturbance, different strategies have evolved. This thesis focuses on wood fungi, and the effect of forest fire on this organism group. In many ways it is a study on adaptation to forest fire, in concurrence with adaptation to dry open habitats. In Paper I we study increased heat resistance in mycelia from species prevalent in fire prone environments. Fungi were cultivated on fresh wood and exposed to different temperatures. Species prevalent in fire affected habitats had a much higher survival rate over all combinations of time and temperature compared to species associated with other environments. Based on this results the competitiveness was tested after temperature stress (paper II), three fire associated species, were tested against three non fire associated species. All fire associated species had a clear advantage after heat treatment, conquering a larger volume of wood than its competitor. In paper III we studied the effect of heat shock on decomposition rate, 18 species was tested. Species were cultivated and monitored for CO2 accumulation for 8 weeks and then heat shocked. All species including non fire associated species seemed to up-regulate decomposition after heat shock, this response was more pronounced in fire associated species. To look at the possible effect of forest fire on population structure (Paper IV), we developed 29 SNP/INDELs for Phlebiopsis. gigantea. We amplified the marker containing fragments in 132 individuals of P. gigantea in 6 populations, 3 which were found in areas affected by forest fire and 3 in unaffected areas. We found no genetic structure in accordance to forest fire. However we detected geographic structure, which stands in contrast to earlier studies. This might be due to the method, using SNP´s and number of individuals in the study. Finally we collected cross-sections of decayed logs to evaluate the number of fungal species domains that are likely to be hit when drilling a saw-dust sample in a log. We used these estimates to simulate how many species that will be found by a certain number of samples. We found that in 99% of the
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Carlsson, Jane, 1946, et al.
(författare)
-
Fysioterapi vid huvudvärk hos barn och ungdomar
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Migrän och spänningshuvudvärk hos barn och tonåringar, Bo Larsson (red). - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144048277 ; , s. 113-123
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Återkommande huvudvärk är ett av de vanligaste hälsoproblemen bland barn och tonåringar. Tecken finns också som tyder på att ofta förekommande huvudvärk under senare år har ökat i förekomst i dessa åldersgrupper. Den är också kopplad till ökad förekomst av andra kroppsliga besvär och psykiska problem, nedsatt funktion i vardagen och sämre livskvalitet. Prognosen på såväl kort som lång sikt är också osäker för dessa individer. De vanligaste formerna av återkommande huvudvärk bland barn och ungdom, som inte beror på annan bakomliggande kroppslig eller psykisk sjukdom, är migrän och spänningshuvudvärk. Under senare år har kunskapen om förekomst, prognos, orsaker till sådan huvudvärk och psykosociala faktorer avsevärt ökat liksom om vilken behandling med läkemedel, psykologiska eller fysioterapeutiska metoder som kan minska besvären. Föreliggande bok är en starkt omarbetad upplaga av den första som utgavs till smärtåret 1998. Avsikten har varit att uppdatera innehållet i ljuset av senare års forskning och starka kunskapsutveckling. Då återkommande huvudvärk hos barn och ungdom är ett negligerat och starkt underbehandlat hälsoproblem är det en förhoppning att boken kan bidra till att fler får effektiv hjälp av det som finns att erbjuda i hälsovården. Förhoppningsvis ger boken också ett bättre underlag i valet av lämpliga bedömings- och behandlingsmetoder för dem som möter barn och ungdom med återkommande huvudvärk. Boken riktar sig främst till personal inom hälso- och sjukvård, men vänder sig också till tonåringar med återkommande huvudvärk, föräldrar, lärare och andra som vill öka sin kunskap och förståelse om detta angelägna hälsoproblem.
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| 32. |
- Carlsson, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
-
Kommunala koncerner : En studie av bolagsstrukturer, budgetar och ägardirektiv
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utvecklingen mot mer komplicerade kommunala koncerner förändrar förutsättningarna för och ställer andra krav på kommunal koncernstyrning. Syftet med denna studie är att kartlägga dels hur de kommunala koncernerna i Skånes kommuner är strukturerade, dels hur den formella styrningen av dessa koncerner är utformad. Fokus är på andra organisationsformer i den kommunala koncernen än nämnds- och förvaltningsorganisationen, särskilt bolag och kommunalförbund. Rapporten har delats in i två delar: Koncernstrukturer och Styrdokument.
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| 33. |
- Carlsson, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
-
Mandolin AB : Ett praktikfall i redovisning och ekonomisk analys
- 2023. - 1
-
Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Mandolin AB är ett praktikfall i bokföring, bokslut och ekonomisk analys. I praktikfallet ingår att sköta den löpande bokföringen, ta fram bokslut och årsredovisning samt att göra ekonomiska analyser av företaget Mandolin AB. Praktikfallet syftar till att ge ett helhetsperspektiv på arbetet med ekonomisk rapportering i ett mindre företag, inklusive praktisk kunskap om och förståelse för bokförings- och bokslutslogik. Praktikfallet innehåller, utöver ett autentiskt bokföringsmaterial, textavsnitt om de sakområden som behandlas samt uppgifts- och arbetsbeskrivningar. Vägledning lämnas till särskilt intressanta eller svåra bokföringsposter och bedömningar.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Carlsson, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
-
Sammanställd redovisning : En kartläggning av Sveriges kommuners årsredovisningar
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Betydande delar av den kommunala verksamheten bedrivs utanför nämnds- och förvaltningsorganisationen, i bolag, kommunalförbund etc. En stor del avSveriges kommuners tillgångar, åtaganden och kostnader redovisas därför inte iförvaltningsorganisationen. Av den anledningen är den sammanställda redovisningen, den ”kommunala koncernredovisningen” betydelsefull, för att visa hela kommunens ekonomi, och därmed ekonomiska hushållning. Trots att det, ur såväl ett meborgarperspektiv som ett styrningsperspektiv, borde vara intressant att visa kommunens samlade tillgångar, skulder och kostnader visar denna studie av Sveriges kommuners årsredovisningar för 2014 att den sammanställda redovisningen tillmäts relativt liten betydelse. Detta visar sig bl.a. genom att den sammanställda redovisningen i förvaltningsberättelsen, och i analysen av kommunernas ekonomi, ges ett begränsat utrymme och en undanskymd plats. Även i årsredovisningarnas mer tekniska delar, där resultat och balansräkningar presenteras, redovisningsprinciper beskrivs och tilläggsupplysningar lämnas, finns betydande brister. Studiens sammanfattande slutsats är att förbättrad kvalitet och analys av den sammanställda redovisningen är nödvändig om denna ska kunna användas för ledning och styrning av den kommunala verksamheten
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| 36. |
- Carlsson, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
-
Sammanställd redovisning i förgrunden eller bakgrunden : En kartläggning av Skånes kommuners årsredovisningar
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Betydande delar av denkommunalaverksamhetenbedrivs utanför nämnds-och förvaltningsorganisationen, i bolag, kommunalförbund etc. En stor del av kommunernas tillgångar, åtaganden och kostnader redovisas därför inte i förvaltningsorganisationen. Därför är den sammanställda redovisningen, ”kommunal koncernredovisning” betydelsefull,för att visa hela kommunens ekonomi, och därmed ekonomiska hushållning.Trots att det, ur såväl ett meborgarperspektiv som ett styrningsperspektiv,borde vara intressant att visa kommunens samlade tillgångar, skulderoch kostnader visar denna studie av de skånska kommunernas årsredovisningar för 2014 att den sammanställda redovisningen tillmäts relativt liten betydelse. Detta visar sigbl.a.genomattkommuner vid övergripande presentation avverksamheternaendast lämnar ett fåtal, oftast intenågon, uppgift från den sammanställdaredovisningen. Även i förvaltningsberättelsen gesden sammanställda redovisningenbegränsat utrymme ochen undanskymd plats.För årsredovisningens mer tekniska delar där resultat-och balansräkningar presenteras, redovisningsprinciper beskrivs och tilläggsupplysningar lämnas finner viatt det finns en stor förbättringspotential. Förbättrad kvalitet och analys av den sammanställda redovisningen torde också varanödvändig om dennaska kunna användas för ledning och styrning av hela den kommunala verksamheten.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Carlsson, Jesper, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Symplectic Pontryagin Approximations for Optimal Design
- 2009
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Ingår i: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis. - : EDP Sciences. - 0764-583X .- 1290-3841. ; 43:1, s. 3-32
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The powerful Hamilton-Jacobi theory is used for constructing regularizations and error estimates for optimal design problems. The constructed Pontryagin method is a simple and general method for optimal design and reconstruction: the first, analytical, step is to regularize the Hamiltonian; next the solution to its stationary Hamiltonian system, a nonlinear partial differential equation, is computed with the Newton method. The method is efficient for designs where the Hamiltonian function can be explicitly formulated and when the Jacobian is sparse, but becomes impractical otherwise (e.g. for non local control constraints). An error estimate for the difference between exact and approximate objective functions is derived, depending only on the difference of the Hamiltonian and its finite dimensional regularization along the solution path and its L 2 projection, i.e. not on the difference of the exact and approximate solutions to the Hamiltonian systems.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Carlsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptiv förvaltning
- 2010
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Ingår i: Vilt, människa, samhälle. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147094189 ; , s. 227-239
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Carlsson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
A Ham1p-Dependent Mechanism and Modulation of the Pyrimidine Biosynthetic Pathway can both Confer Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil in Yeast
- 2013
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:10, s. e52094-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anticancer drug and pyrimidine analogue. A problem in 5-FU therapy is acquired resistance to the drug. To find out more about the mechanisms of resistance, we screened a plasmid library in yeast for genes that confer 5-FU resistance when overexpressed. We cloned five genes: CPA1, CPA2, HMS1, YAE1 and YJL055W. CPA1 and CPA2 encode a carbamoyl phosphate synthase involved in arginine biosynthesis and HMS1 a helix-loop-helix transcription factor. Our results suggest that CPA1, CPA2, and HMS1 confer 5-FU resistance by stimulating pyrimidine biosynthesis. Thus, they are unable to confer 5-FU resistance in a ura2 mutant, and inhibit the uptake and incorporation into RNA of both uracil and 5-FU. In contrast, YAE1 and YJL055W confer 5-FU resistance in a ura2 mutant, and selectively inhibit incorporation into RNA of 5-FU but not uracil. YAE1 is the strongest resistance gene, but it partially depends on YJL055W for its function. This suggests that YAE1 and YJL055W function together in a novel mechanism for detoxification of 5-FU and other pyrimidine analogs. Yae1p belongs to a small protein family with only two members, which are conserved in all eukaryotes examined. One of the human homologs, TAOS1, is overexpressed in oral carcinomas.
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| 43. |
- Carlsson, Mattias
(författare)
-
Bioenergy from the Swedish forest sector : a partial equilibrium analysis of supply costs and implications for the forest product markets
- 2012
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As a response to policy requirements to improve energy security, and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the use of bioenergy in Sweden has more than doubled since 1980. In 2008 bioenergy use in Sweden amounted to 108 TWh, or 18% of the total supply of primary energy. Nearly all of this bioenergy supply originates from the domestic forest sector. There is still a desire from policy makers to continuously increase the use of renewable energy. Further increases in demand for forest based bioenergy – either as an effect of direct subsidies, renewable energy supply targets, rising fossil fuel prices, or increasing costs for carbon emissions – could, however, lead to implications for the availability of raw materials and costs, for the wood processing industries. A static partial equilibrium model of the Swedish forest sector – based on the EFI-GTM model structure – is developed to derive supply cost curves for further increases in the use of bioenergy from the forest sector in Sweden. In addition, the implications of increased use of forest based bioenergy on the traditional wood processing industries are analyzed. Model simulations indicate that the cost – in terms of losses in producer and consumer surplus – of an increase in the use of forest based bioenergy by 5 TWh/year in Sweden is 30 million SEK/year, while a 30 TWh/year increase would cost 620 million SEK/year. The marginal cost of increased use is estimated to be 0.011 SEK/kWh at 5 TWh/year, rising to 0.044 SEK/kWh at 30 TWh/year. The costs of reaching a target for increased forest based bioenergy use are highly dependent on the availability of pulpwood imports. An import restriction – requiring the target to be reached through domestic resources only – would increase the costs by up to five times above the unrestricted case. Policy driven increases in the demand for forest based bioenergy will have considerable effects on wood board producers, while the implications for pulp and paper producers, and sawn goods producers, are relatively small; at least as long as the increase in forest based wood fuels is less than 20 TWh/year.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Carlsson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Gene dosage effects in yeast support broader roles for the LOG1, HAM1 and DUT1 genes in detoxification of nucleotide analogues
- 2018
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purine and pyrimidine analogues have important uses in chemotherapies against cancer, and a better understanding of the mechanisms that cause resistance to these drugs is therefore of importance in cancer treatment. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, overexpression of the HAM1 gene encoding inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase confers resistance to both the purine analogue 6-N-hydroxylaminopurine (HAP) and the pyrimidine analogue 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (Carlsson et al., 2013, PLoS One 8, e52094). To find out more about the mechanisms of resistance to nucleotide analogues, and possible interdependencies between purine and pyrimidine analogue resistance mechanisms, we screened a plasmid library in yeast for genes that confer HAP resistance when overexpressed. We cloned four such genes: ADE4, DUT1, APT2, and ATR1. We further looked for genetic interactions between these genes and genes previously found to confer resistance to 5-FU. We found that HMS1, LOG1 (YJL055W), HAM1, and ATR1 confer resistance to both 5-FU and HAP, whereas ADE4, DUT1 and APT2 are specific for HAP resistance, and CPA1 and CPA2 specific for 5-FU resistance. Possible mechanisms for 5-FU and HAP detoxification are discussed based on the observed genetic interactions. Based on the effect of LOG1 against both 5-FU and HAP toxicity, we propose that the original function of the LOG (LONELY GUY) family of proteins likely was to degrade non-canonical nucleotides, and that their role in cytokinin production is a later development in some organisms.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Carlsson, My, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of physical pre-treatment of source-sorted organic fraction of municipal solid waste on greenhouse-gas emissions and the economy in a Swedish anaerobic digestion system
- 2015
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 38, s. 117-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several methods for physical pre-treatments of source sorted organic fraction of municipal solid waste (SSOFMSW) before for anaerobic digestion (AD) are available, with the common feature that they generate a homogeneous slurry for AD and a dry refuse fraction for incineration. The selection of efficient methods relies on improved understanding of how the pre-treatment impacts on the separation and on the slurry’s AD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the performance of physical pre-treatment of SSOFMSW on greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions and on the economy of an AD system including a biogas plant with supplementary systems for heat and power production in Sweden. Based on the performance of selected Swedish facilities, as well as chemical analyses and BMP tests of slurry and refuse, the computer-based evaluation tool ORWARE was improved as to accurately describe mass flows through the physical pre-treatment and anaerobic degradation. The environmental and economic performance of the evaluated system was influenced by the TS concentration in the slurry, as well as the distribution of incoming solids between slurry and refuse. The focus to improve the efficiency of these systems should primarily be directed towards minimising the water addition in the pre-treatment provided that this slurry can still be efficiently digested. Second, the amount of refuse should be minimised, while keeping a good quality of the slurry. Electricity use/generation has high impact on GHG emissions and the results of the study are sensitive to assumptions of marginal electricity and of electricity use in the pre-treatment.
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| 48. |
- Carlsson, Mattias
(författare)
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Metabolic regulation and anticancer drug resistance in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cancer is a malignant neoplastic tissue. The pyrimidine analogue 5-fluorouracil is an anticancer drug used against several types of cancer. It owes its specificity against neoplasms due to the higher rate of nutrient uptake, RNA and DNA synthesis, and in particular the higher rate of nucleobase scavenging and salvage of neoplastic cells. However, tumours can develop resistance to 5-fluorouracil and other anticancer drugs, rendering the therapy useless. Due to genetic variation, humans can also be inherently more or less sensitive to 5-fluorouracil and other anticancer drugs such as the purine analogue mercaptopurine. In this thesis I have investigated the mechanisms of resistance to 5-fluorouracil and the model purine analogue 6-N-hydroxylaminopurine in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mechanisms found to confer resistance in S. cerevisiae to 5-fluorouracil and 6-N-hydroxylaminopurine included both deregulation of the de novo synthesis of nucleotides, and detoxification of non-canonical nucleotides. I proceeded to study genetic interactions between genes involved in resistance to both 5-fluorouracil and 6-N-hydroxylaminopurine by using plasmid overexpression in yeast strains knocked out for different resistance genes and other genes involved in nucleotide metabolism. HAM1 is a yeast gene coding for a nucleotide pyrophosphatase, the overexpression of which we found to confer resistance to both 5-fluorouracil and 6-N-hydroxylaminopurine. HAM1 has a human homologue called ITPA. We proceeded to test if a known genetic polymorphism in ITPA could help predict toxicity in patients receiving a chemotherapeutic regimen including 5-fluorouracil. Our results suggest that loss of ITPA function may lead to increased sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil. We have also investigated the mechanism of transcriptional regulation by the yeast Rph1p protein, a zinc finger transcription factor which also contains a jmjC domain with histone demethylase activity. Rph1p functions downstream of the RAS-cAMP-PKA pathway and several other nutrient sensing pathways. We found, surprisingly, that the histone demethylase activity of Rph1p is largely dispensable for its role in transcriptional regulation.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Carlsson, P. T. M., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of isoprene chemical mechanisms under atmospheric night-time conditions in chamber experiments: evidence of hydroperoxy aldehydes and epoxy products from NO3 oxidation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 23:5, s. 3147-3180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gas-phase reaction of isoprene with the nitrate radical (NO3) was investigated in experiments in the outdoor SAPHIR chamber under atmospherically relevant conditions specifically with respect to the chemical lifetime and fate of nitrato-organic peroxy radicals (RO2). Observations of organic products were compared to concentrations expected from different chemical mechanisms: (1) the Master Chemical Mechanism, which simplifies the NO3 isoprene chemistry by only considering one RO2 isomer; (2) the chemical mechanism derived from experiments in the Caltech chamber, which considers different RO2 isomers; and (3) the FZJ-NO3 isoprene mechanism derived from quantum chemical calculations, which in addition to the Caltech mechanism includes equilibrium reactions of RO(2 )isomers, unimolecular reactions of nitrate RO(2 )radicals and epoxidation reactions of nitrate alkoxy radicals. Measurements using mass spectrometer instruments give evidence that the new reactions pathways predicted by quantum chemical calculations play a role in the NO3 oxidation of isoprene. Hydroperoxy aldehyde (HPALD) species, which are specific to unimolecular reactions of nitrate RO2, were detected even in the presence of an OH scavenger, excluding the possibility that concurrent oxidation by hydroxyl radicals (OH) is responsible for their formation. In addition, ion signals at masses that can be attributed to epoxy compounds, which are specific to the epoxidation reaction of nitrate alkoxy radicals, were detected. Measurements of methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methacrolein (MACR) concentrations confirm that the decomposition of nitrate alkoxy radicals implemented in the Caltech mechanism cannot compete with the ring-closure reactions predicted by quantum chemical calculations. The validity of the FZJ-NO3 isoprene mechanism is further supported by a good agreement between measured and simulated hydroxyl radical (OH) reactivity. Nevertheless, the FZJ-NO3 isoprene mechanism needs further investigations with respect to the absolute importance of unimolecular reactions of nitrate RO2 and epoxidation reactions of nitrate alkoxy radicals. Absolute concentrations of specific organic nitrates such as nitrate hydroperoxides would be required to experimentally determine product yields and branching ratios of reactions but could not be measured in the chamber experiments due to the lack of calibration standards for these compounds. The temporal evolution of mass traces attributed to product species such as nitrate hydroperoxides, nitrate carbonyl and nitrate alcohols as well as hydroperoxy aldehydes observed by the mass spectrometer instruments demonstrates that further oxidation by the nitrate radical and ozone at atmospheric concentrations is small on the timescale of one night (12 h) for typical oxidant concentrations. However, oxidation by hydroxyl radicals present at night and potentially also produced from the decomposition of nitrate alkoxy radicals can contribute to their nocturnal chemical loss.
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