| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Lundgren, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Analgesic antipyretic use among young children in the TEDDY study : No association with islet autoimmunity
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The use of analgesic antipyretics (ANAP) in children have long been a matter of controversy. Data on their practical use on an individual level has, however, been scarce. There are indications of possible effects on glucose homeostasis and immune function related to the use of ANAP. The aim of this study was to analyze patterns of analgesic antipyretic use across the clinical centers of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) prospective cohort study and test if ANAP use was a risk factor for islet autoimmunity. Methods: Data were collected for 8542 children in the first 2.5 years of life. Incidence was analyzed using logistic regression with country and first child status as independent variables. Holm's procedure was used to adjust for multiplicity of intercountry comparisons. Time to autoantibody seroconversion was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model with cumulative analgesic use as primary time dependent covariate of interest. For each categorization, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach was used. Results: Higher prevalence of ANAP use was found in the U.S. (95.7%) and Sweden (94.8%) compared to Finland (78.1%) and Germany (80.2%). First-born children were more commonly given acetaminophen (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.07, 1.49; p = 0.007) but less commonly Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.78, 0.95; p = 0.002). Acetaminophen and NSAID use in the absence of fever and infection was more prevalent in the U.S. (40.4%; 26.3% of doses) compared to Sweden, Finland and Germany (p < 0.001). Acetaminophen or NSAID use before age 2.5 years did not predict development of islet autoimmunity by age 6 years (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99-1.09; p = 0.27). In a sub-analysis, acetaminophen use in children with fever weakly predicted development of islet autoimmunity by age 3 years (HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.09; p = 0.024). Conclusions: ANAP use in young children is not a risk factor for seroconversion by age 6 years. Use of ANAP is widespread in young children, and significantly higher in the U.S. compared to other study sites, where use is common also in absence of fever and infection.
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| 3. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 4. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 5. |
- Carlsson, Gudrun Alm, et al.
(författare)
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Basic Atomic and Nuclear Physics
- 2022. - 1
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Ingår i: Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists : Instrumentation and Imaging Procedures, Volume I - Instrumentation and Imaging Procedures, Volume I. - 9781138593268 - 9780429489556 ; 1, s. 15-37
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nuclear medicine and molecular imaging are mostly based on radioactive elements that, when decaying due to an excess of energy, emit radiation in the form of electromagnetic radiation (photons), or by charge-particles (electron, positrons, or alpha particles). The first part of this chapter describes in general the atom and its components and states some definitions important for further reading. There are several ways that a nucleus can decay (by alpha, beta+, and beta decay, electron capture and internal conversion). Each of these processes together with the conditions required for such a decay, are discussed in the chapter. In several of these decays there are also secondary emissions, such as characteristic x-rays and Auger electrons, and these are described together with which conditions they become important. Decay processes are generally described in the literature by decay schemes, and the chapter therefore includes a section on how these schemes are constructed and how to read them. The nature of the decay rate (the activity) is described since this is a fundamental quantity in the nuclear medicine field together with some examples of more complex decays.
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| 6. |
- Carlsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Affinity of galectin-8 and its carbohydrate recognition domains for ligands in solution and at the cell surface.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0959-6658 .- 1460-2423. ; 17:6, s. 663-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Galectin-8 has two different carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs), the N-terminal Gal-8N and the C-terminal Gal-8C linked by a peptide, and has various effects on cell adhesion and signaling. To understand the mechanism for these effects further, we compared the binding activities of galectin-8 in solution with its binding and activation of cells. We used glycan array analysis to broaden the specificity profile of the two galectin-8 CRDs, as well as intact galectin-8s (short and long linker), confirming the unique preference for sulfated and sialylated glycans of Gal-8N. Using a fluorescence anisotropy assay, we examined the solution affinities for a subset of these glycans, the highest being 50 nM for NeuAcalpha2,3Lac by Gal-8N. Thus, carbohydrate-protein interactions can be of high affinity without requiring multivalency. More importantly, using fluorescence polarization, we also gained information on how the affinity is built by multiple weak interactions between different fragments of the glycan and its carrier molecule and the galectin CRD subsites (A-E). In intact galectin-8 proteins, the two domains act independently of each other in solution, whereas at a surface they act together. Ligands with moderate or weak affinity for the isolated CRDs on the array are bound strongly by intact galectin-8s. Also galectin-8 binding and signaling at cell surfaces can be explained by combined binding of the two CRDs to low or medium affinity ligands, and their highest affinity ligands, such as sialylated galactosides, are not required.
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| 7. |
- Carlsson, Sigrid, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Who and when should we screen for prostate cancer? Interviews with key opinion leaders.
- 2015
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Ingår i: BMC medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1741-7015. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate cancer screening using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is highly controversial. In this Q & A, Guest Editors for BMC Medicine's 'Spotlight on Prostate Cancer' article collection, Sigrid Carlsson and Andrew Vickers, invite some of the world's key opinion leaders to discuss who, and when, to screen for prostate cancer. In response to the points of view from the invited experts, the Guest Editors summarize the experts' views and give their own personal opinions on PSA screening.
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| 8. |
- Durgan, Joanne, et al.
(författare)
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Non-canonical autophagy drives alternative ATG8 conjugation to phosphatidylserine
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Cell. - : Elsevier. - 1097-2765 .- 1097-4164. ; 81:9, s. 2031-2040
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autophagy is a fundamental catabolic process that uses a unique post-translational modification, the conjugation of ATG8 protein to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). ATG8 lipidation also occurs during non-canonical autophagy, a parallel pathway involving conjugation of ATG8 to single membranes (CASM) at endolysosomal compartments, with key functions in immunity, vision, and neurobiology. It is widely assumed that CASM involves the same conjugation of ATG8 to PE, but this has not been formally tested. Here, we discover that all ATG8s can also undergo alternative lipidation to phosphatidylserine (PS) during CASM, induced pharmacologically, by LC3-associated phagocytosis or influenza A virus infection, in mammalian cells. Importantly, ATG8-PS and ATG8-PE adducts are differentially delipidated by the ATG4 family and bear different cellular dynamics, indicating significant molecular distinctions. These results provide important insights into autophagy signaling, revealing an alternative form of the hallmark ATG8 lipidation event. Furthermore, ATG8-PS provides a specific “molecular signature” for the non-canonical autophagy pathway.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Farrell, Edward D. D., et al.
(författare)
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A baseline for the genetic stock identification of Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus, in ICES Divisions 6.a, 7.b-c
- 2022
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Ingår i: Royal Society Open Science. - : The Royal Society. - 2054-5703. ; 9:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atlantic herring in International Council for Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Divisions 6.a, 7.b-c comprises at least three populations, distinguished by temporal and spatial differences in spawning, which have until recently been managed as two stocks defined by geographical delineators. Outside of spawning the populations form mixed aggregations, which are the subject of acoustic surveys. The inability to distinguish the populations has prevented the development of separate survey indices and separate stock assessments. A panel of 45 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, derived from whole-genome sequencing, were used to genotype 3480 baseline spawning samples (2014-2021). A temporally stable baseline comprising 2316 herring from populations known to inhabit Division 6.a was used to develop a genetic assignment method, with a self-assignment accuracy greater than 90%. The long-term temporal stability of the assignment model was validated by assigning archive (2003-2004) baseline samples (270 individuals) with a high level of accuracy. Assignment of non-baseline samples (1514 individuals) from Divisions 6.a, 7.b-c indicated previously unrecognized levels of mixing of populations outside of the spawning season. The genetic markers and assignment models presented constitute a 'toolbox' that can be used for the assignment of herring caught in mixed survey and commercial catches in Division 6.a into their population of origin with a high level of accuracy.
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| 11. |
- Langefeld, Carl D., et al.
(författare)
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Transancestral mapping and genetic load in systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2041-1723. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with marked gender and ethnic disparities. We report a large transancestral association study of SLE using Immunochip genotype data from 27,574 individuals of European (EA), African (AA) and Hispanic Amerindian (HA) ancestry. We identify 58 distinct non-HLA regions in EA, 9 in AA and 16 in HA (similar to 50% of these regions have multiple independent associations); these include 24 novel SLE regions (P < 5 x 10(-8)), refined association signals in established regions, extended associations to additional ancestries, and a disentangled complex HLA multigenic effect. The risk allele count (genetic load) exhibits an accelerating pattern of SLE risk, leading us to posit a cumulative hit hypothesis for autoimmune disease. Comparing results across the three ancestries identifies both ancestry-dependent and ancestry-independent contributions to SLE risk. Our results are consistent with the unique and complex histories of the populations sampled, and collectively help clarify the genetic architecture and ethnic disparities in SLE.
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| 12. |
- Magnusson, Maria, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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ACCURACY OF CT NUMBERS OBTAINED BY DIRA AND MONOENERGETIC PLUS ALGORITHMS IN DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
- 2021
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Ingår i: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press. - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 195:3-4, s. 212-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dual-energy computed tomography (CT) can be used in radiotherapy treatment planning for the calculation of absorbed dose distributions. The aim of this work is to evaluate whether there is room for improvement in the accuracy of the Monoenergetic Plus algorithm by Siemens Healthineers. A Siemens SOMATOM Force scanner was used to scan a cylindrical polymethyl methacrylate phantom with four rod-inserts made of different materials. Images were reconstructed using ADMIRE and processed with Monoenergetic Plus. The resulting CT numbers were compared with tabulated values and values simulated by the proof-of-a-concept algorithm DIRA developed by the authors. Both the Monoenergetic Plus and DIRA algorithms performed well; the accuracy of attenuation coefficients was better than about ±1% at the energy of 70 keV. Compared with DIRA, the worse performance of Monoenergetic Plus was caused by its (i) two-material decomposition to iodine and water and (ii) imperfect suppression of the beam hardening artifact in ADMIRE.
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| 13. |
- Magnusson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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DIRA-3D-a model-based iterative algorithm for accurate dual-energy dual-source 3D helical CT
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biomedical Engineering & Physics Express. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 2057-1976. ; 5:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantitative dual-energy computed tomography may improve the accuracy of treatment planning in radiation therapy. Of special interest are algorithms that can estimate material composition of the imaged object. One example of such an algorithm is the 2D model-based iterative reconstruction algorithm DIRA. The aim of this work is to extend this algorithm to 3D so that it can be used with cone-beams and helical scanning. In the new algorithm, the parallel FBP method was replaced with the approximate 3D FBP-based PI-method. Its performance was tested using a mathematical phantom consisting of six ellipsoids. The algorithm substantially reduced the beam-hardening artefact and the artefacts caused by approximate reconstruction after six iterations. Compared to Alvarez-Macovskis base material decomposition, DIRA-3D does not require geometrically consistent projections and hence can be used in dual-source CT scanners. Also, it can use several tissue-specific material bases at the same time to represent the imaged object.
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| 14. |
- Magnusson, Maria, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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On the Choice of Base Materials for Alvarez–Macovski and DIRA Dual-energy Reconstruction Algorithms in CT
- 2023
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Ingår i: Photon Counting Computed Tomography. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031260629 - 9783031260612 ; , s. 153-175
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The choice of the material base to which the material decomposition is performed in dual-energy computed tomography may affect the quality of reconstructed images. Resulting inaccuracies may lower their diagnostic value, or if the data are used for radiation treatment planning, the accuracy of such plans. The aim of this work is to investigate how the commonly used (water, bone) (WB), (water, iodine) (WI), and (approximate photoelectric effect, Compton scattering) (PC) doublets affect the reconstructed linear attenuation coefficient in the case of the Alvarez–Macovski (AM) method. The performance of this method is also compared to the performance of the dual-energy iterative reconstruction algorithm DIRA. In both cases, the study is performed using simulations.The results show that the PC and WB doublets accurately predicted the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) values for human tissues and elements with Z = 1, …, 20, in the 20–150 keV range, though there was a small (<5% discrepancy in the 20–35 keV range. The WI doublet did not represent the tissues as well as PC and WB; the largest discrepancies (>50% in some cases) were in the 20–40 keV range.LACs reconstructed with the AM and DIRA followed this trend. AM produced artifacts when iodine was present in the phantom together with human tissues since AM can only work with one doublet at a time. It was shown that these artifacts could be avoided with DIRA using different doublets at different spatial positions, i.e., WB for soft and bone tissue and WI for the iodine solution.
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| 15. |
- Magnusson, Maria, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal Selection of Base Materials for Accurate Dual-Energy Computed Tomography : Comparison Between the Alvarez–Macovski Method and DIRA
- 2021
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Ingår i: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press. - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 195:3-4, s. 218-224
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The choice of the material base to which the material decomposition is performed in dual-energy computed tomography may affect the quality of reconstructed images. The aim of this work is to investigate how the commonly used bases (water, bone), (water, iodine) and (photoelectric effect, Compton scattering) affect the reconstructed linear attenuation coefficient in the case of the Alvarez–Macovski method. The performance of this method is also compared with the performance of the Dual-energy Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm (DIRA). In both cases, the study is performed using simulations. The results show that the Alvarez–Macovski method produced artefacts when iodine was present in the phantom together with human tissues since this method can only work with one doublet. It was shown that these artefacts could be avoided with DIRA using the (water, bone) doublet for tissues and the (water, iodine) doublet for the iodine solution.
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| 16. |
- Malusek, Alexandr, 1968-
(författare)
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Calculation of scatter in cone beam CT : Steps towards a virtual tomograph
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Scattered photons—shortly scatter—are generated by interaction processes when photon beams interact with matter. In diagnostic radiology, they deteriorate image quality since they add an undesirable signal that lowers the contrast in projection radiography and causes cupping and streak artefacts in computed tomography (CT). Scatter is one of the most detrimental factors in cone beam CT owing to irradiation geometries using wide beams. It cannot be fully eliminated, nevertheless its amount can be lowered via scatter reduction techniques (air gaps, antiscatter grids, collimators) and its effect on medical images can be suppressed via scatter correction algorithms.Aim: Develop a tool—a virtual tomograph—that simulates projections and performs image reconstructions similarly to a real CT scanner. Use this tool to evaluate the effect of scatter on projections and reconstructed images in cone beam CT. Propose improvements in CT scanner design and image reconstruction algorithms.Methods: A software toolkit (CTmod) based on the application development framework ROOT was written to simulate primary and scatter projections using analytic and Monte Carlo methods, respectively. It was used to calculate the amount of scatter in cone beam CT for anthropomorphic voxel phantoms and water cylinders. Configurations with and without bowtie filters, antiscatter grids, and beam hardening corrections were investigated. Filtered back-projection was used to reconstruct images. Automatic threshold segmentation of volumetric CT data of anthropomorphic phantoms with known tissue compositions was tested to evaluate its usability in an iterative image reconstruction algorithm capable of performing scatter correction.Results: It was found that computer speed was the limiting factor for the deployment of this method in clinical CT scanners. It took several hours to calculate a single projection depending on the complexity of the geometry, number of simulated detector elements, and statistical precision. Data calculated using the CTmod code confirmed the already known facts that the amount of scatter is almost linearly proportional to the beam width, the scatter-to-primary ratio (SPR) can be larger than 1 for body-size objects, and bowtie filters can decrease the SPR in certain regions of projections. Ideal antiscatter grids significantly lowered the amount of scatter. The beneficial effect of classical antiscatter grids in cone beam CT with flat panel imagers was not confirmed by other researchers nevertheless new grid designs are still being tested. A simple formula estimating the effect of scatter on the quality of reconstructed images was suggested and tested.Conclusions: It was shown that computer simulations could calculate the amount of scatter in diagnostic radiology. The Monte Carlo method was too slow for a routine use in contemporary clinical practice nevertheless it could be used to optimize CT scanner design and, with some enhancements, it could become a part of an image reconstruction algorithm that performs scatter correction.
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| 17. |
- Movert, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Interplay between human STING genotype and bacterial NADase activity regulates inter-individual disease variability
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Variability in disease severity caused by a microbial pathogen is impacted by each infection representing a unique combination of host and pathogen genomes. Here, we show that the outcome of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infection is regulated by an interplay between human STING genotype and bacterial NADase activity. S. pyogenes-derived c-di-AMP diffuses via streptolysin O pores into macrophages where it activates STING and the ensuing type I IFN response. However, the enzymatic activity of the NADase variants expressed by invasive strains suppresses STING-mediated type I IFN production. Analysis of patients with necrotizing S. pyogenes soft tissue infection indicates that a STING genotype associated with reduced c-di-AMP-binding capacity combined with high bacterial NADase activity promotes a ‘perfect storm’ manifested in poor outcome, whereas proficient and uninhibited STING-mediated type I IFN production correlates with protection against host-detrimental inflammation. These results reveal an immune-regulating function for bacterial NADase and provide insight regarding the host-pathogen genotype interplay underlying invasive infection and interindividual disease variability.
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| 18. |
- Nilsson, Marie, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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A randomised controlled trial of the monoaminergic stabiliser (−)-OSU6162 in treatment of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Neuropsychiatrica. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0924-2708 .- 1601-5215. ; 30:3, s. 148-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2017 Objective: The monoaminergic stabiliser (−)-OSU6162 has in previous studies shown promising effects on mental fatigue after stroke and traumatic brain injury. This study investigated the safety and effectiveness of (−)-OSU6162 in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Methods: A total of 62 patients were randomly assigned to placebo or (−)-OSU6162. Primary outcomes were assessment on the mental fatigue scale (MFS) and the clinical global impression of change (CGI-C) scale. Secondary outcomes were results on the FibroFatigue scale (FF), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the pain visual analogue scale and neuropsychological tests. Assessments were performed at baseline, after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment and at follow-up after 6 weeks. Results: MFS and CGI-C showed significant improvements for both treatment groups after treatment but not at follow-up; a similar pattern was seen for FF and BDI. However, significant differences between groups could not be demonstrated. On the other hand, correlation analyses showed a significant correlation between (−)-OSU6162 concentration and change in MFS, FF, and BDI score within the concentration interval 0.1–0.7 µM. Exploratory subgroup analyses showed a larger treatment effect with (−)-OSU6162 in improving MFS and FF symptoms in patients on antidepressant therapy compared to those without antidepressant treatment. Conclusion: (−)-OSU6162 was found to be safe and well tolerated. When analysing the entire material (−)-OSU6162 was not found to differ significantly from placebo in alleviating fatigue in ME patients but was superior to placebo in counteracting fatigue in a subgroup of ME patients who received concomitant pharmacological treatment for depression.
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| 19. |
- Olsen, Michael Rohde, et al.
(författare)
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Conscious use of dreams in waking life (Nontherapy setting) for decision-making, problem-solving, attitude formation, and behavioral change
- 2020
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Ingår i: Dreaming. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1053-0797 .- 1573-3351. ; 30:3, s. 257-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study explored to what extent dreams have been perceived as being helpful in waking life. More specifically, for "important" waking life (conscious) decisionmaking, the solving of emotional or nonemotional (practical/technical/work-related) problems, forming/changing an attitude about something or somebody, or a conscious behavioral change of the dreamer (N = 667). On a general level, 62,1% of participants indicated that dreams at some point had been of help or good use (regression analysis found a strong association with dream attitude, measured on Dream Attitude Scale [DAS]). Most often mentioned areas of help were creative input (55,8%) and emotional problem-solving (52,9%). There was a positive association between dream attitude (DAS) and emotional problem-solving and creative input. In all, 8.9% of participants reported that a "dream had influenced an important decision" (e.g., leaving a job, moving, buying a house, or leaving the partner). A regression analysis again indicated that a more positive attitude toward dreams (DAS) was associated with dreams influencing important decisions. Higher dream recall was also associated with all mentioned aspects.
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| 20. |
- Olsen, Michael Rohde, et al.
(författare)
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People's views on dreaming : Attitudes and subjective ream theories, with regard to age, education, and sex
- 2016
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Ingår i: Dreaming. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1053-0797 .- 1573-3351. ; 26:2, s. 158-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study investigated subjective theories of dream function (why do we dream)- measured as level of agreement with selected prescientific and contemporary views of science (N = 667) and thus explored differences in dream attitude with respect to age, educational level, and sex. A factor analysis revealed 3 factors. One can be described as seeing dreams as meaningful information processing (memory consolidation, sorting inputs, and solving problems), a 2nd included prescientific dream theory (dreams as messages from outside and/or from deceased, or dreams as prophecies). A 3rd factor included viewing dreams as insignificant products of the brain (random chemical signal interpretation and garbage products of the brain). Factor 1 was highly related to dream attitude-the more generally approving of dreams and dreaming, the more participants would regard dreams as meaningful information processing. Factor 2 was related to sex (women being more approving) and negatively related to level of education. Factor 3 was negatively related to the dream attitude scale but positively related to dream recall, which seemed counterintuitive. This could be seen as a way of explaining the often irrational content of dreams that participants were then able to recall. Women had a more supportive attitude toward dreams and dreaming.
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| 21. |
- Olsen, Michael Rohde, et al.
(författare)
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Sharing Dreams: Frequency, Motivations, and Relationship Intimacy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Dreaming. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1053-0797 .- 1573-3351. ; 23:4, s. 245-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study investigated aspects of dream sharing and dream recall in an adult sample (N = 667). It explored with whom dreams are shared and why, as well as the relation between relationship intimacy and dream sharing frequency with the partner. A significant, positive correlation was found between dream sharing frequency in couples and perceived relationship intimacy. Further, the findings supported previous research in that women recalled and shared more dreams than men. It was also found, that dreams primarily were shared with a partner (if in a relationship), and with friends (if single), and that nonsingles shared dreams more often than singles. Dreams were shared primarily with the purpose of entertainment. Interestingly, men more than women believed that sharing dreams can lead to improved relationship intimacy.
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| 22. |
- Proletov, Ian, et al.
(författare)
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Primary and secondary glomerulonephritides 1.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2385. ; 29 Suppl 3:May, s. 186-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Sandborg, Michael, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Shaping X-ray spectra with filters in X-ray diagnostics
- 1994
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Ingår i: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing. - 0140-0118 .- 1741-0444. ; 32:4, s. 384-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence on image contrast, tube load and patient mean absorbed dose of different ways of shaping diagnostic X-ray spectra by placing filters in the beam is derived for two radiographic models (abdominal screen-film radiography and intra-oral, dental radiography) using a computational model. The filters are compared at either equal tube load (keeping tube potential constant) or equal contrast (adjusting the tube potential with the different filters), but always at equal energy imparted per unit area to the image receptor. Compared at equal tube load and relative to standard aluminium filtration, reductions in the mean absorbed dose in the patient of 15–25% can be achieved using filters of Cu, Ti, W and Au (increasing the tube load by 30–40% compared with standard aluminium filtration). However, contrast is also reduced by 7%. Compared at equal contrast, the dose reductions are smaller, about 10%. Filters of copper are generally recommended, as are filters of aluminium. The use of bandpass filters (K-edge filters) should be restricted to examinations where the need for substantial variation in tube potential from patient to patient is small. The benefit of using thicker filters than those commonly used today (increasing tube load by factors of 1.4–2.0 compared with no added filter) is small as the dose reduction is most rapid for small initial values of added filters, and the increase in tube load increases steadily with increasing filter thickness.
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| 25. |
- Wilson, Stephen A., et al.
(författare)
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New materials for micro-scale sensors and actuators An engineering review
- 2007
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Ingår i: Materials science & engineering. R, Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-796X .- 1879-212X. ; 56:06-jan, s. 1-129
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides a detailed overview of developments in transducer materials technology relating to their current and future applications in micro-scale devices. Recent advances in piezoelectric, magnetostrictive and shape-memory alloy systems are discussed and emerging transducer materials such as magnetic nanoparticles, expandable micro-spheres and conductive polymers are introduced. Materials properties, transducer mechanisms and end applications are described and the potential for integration of the materials with ancillary systems components is viewed as an essential consideration. The review concludes with a short discussion of structural polymers that are extending the range of micro-fabrication techniques available to designers and production engineers beyond the limitations of silicon fabrication technology.
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| 26. |
- Alm Carlsson, Gudrun, et al.
(författare)
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Monte Carlo metoden : ett verktyg inom strålningsfysiken
- 1995
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta kompendium är tänkt att användas som ett propedeutiskt kursmaterial för kursdeltagare i kursen "Monte Carlo simulering av foton- och elektrontransport vid diagnostiska och radioterapeutiska strålkvaliteter". Först följer en kort repetition av den grundläggande statistik som utnyt1jas i beräkningarna. Därefter följer en beskrivning av slumptal. det fundament som metoden bygger på. Vidare beskrivs val ur olika frekvensfunktioner. Valet kan även göras ur så kallade falska fördelningar för att reducera variansen i den skattade storheten. Metoderna belyses i ett avsnitt om problemlösningsmetodik. först i allmänna termer för att sen gå in på ett specifikt problem (Buffons nålproblem) där en analys och strukturering av problemet görs varefter flödesschema och kodning exemplifieras. Så följer två moment där en beskrivning görs av färderna av fotoner respektive elektroner genom materia. För elektronfärderna gör man en indelning i klass 1- och klass II-färder. Vad detta innebär och hur deltapartiklar tas om hand beskrivs i ett kapitel. Till sist kommer en kort introduktion till de tre laborationerna med laborationshandledningar. Speciell vikt har lagts vid att initiera laboranten att fundera på fysiken i de simulerade experimenten. Detta kompendium har tillkommit som examinationsarbete vid en kurs i "Monte Carlo simulering av foton- och elektrontransport vid diagnostiska och radioterapeutiska strålkvaliteter", med andra ord den kurs du själv nu ämnar studera. Författarna önskar dig lycka till med kursen och hoppas att du kommer att få glädje av den. Speciellt hoppas vi att denna skrift ska underlätta för dig att tillgodogöra dig informationen vid föreläsningarna och under laborationerna.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Almer, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Ischemic QRS prolongation as a biomarker of myocardial injury in STEMI patients
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology. - : Wiley. - 1082-720X. ; 24:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Patients with acute coronary occlusion (ACO) may not only have ischemia-related ST-segment changes but also changes in the QRS complex. It has recently been shown in dogs that a greater ischemic QRS prolongation (IQP) during ACO is related to lower collateral flow. This suggests that greater IQP could indicate more severe ischemia and thereby more rapid infarct development. Therefore, the purpose was to evaluate the relationship between IQP and measures of myocardial injury in patients presenting with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).METHODS: Seventy-seven patients with first-time STEMI were retrospectively included from the recently published SOCCER trial. All patients underwent a cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) examination 2-6 days after the acute event. Infarct size (IS), myocardium at risk (MaR), and myocardial salvage index (MSI) were assessed and related to IQP. IQP measures assessed were; computer-generated QRS duration, QRS duration at maximum ST deviation, absolute IQP and relative IQP, all derived from a pre-PCI, 12-lead ECG.RESULTS: Median absolute IQP was 10 ms (range 0-115 ms). There were no statistically significant correlations between measures of IQP and any of the CMR measures of myocardial injury (absolute IQP vs IS, r = 0.03, p = 0.80; MaR, r = -0.01, p = 0.89; MSI, r = -0.05, p = 0.68).CONCLUSIONS: Unlike previous experimental studies, the IQP was limited in patients presenting at the emergency room with first-time STEMI and no correlation was found between IQP and CMR variables of myocardial injury in these patients. Therefore, IQP does not seem to be a suitable biomarker for triaging patients in this clinical context.
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| 29. |
- Andersson, Alf, et al.
(författare)
-
Inline Process Control – a concept study of efficient in-line process control and process adjustment with respect to product geometry
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Swedish Production Symposium 2016 SPS 2016. - Lund, Sweden.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- All manufacturing processes have variation which may violate the fulfillment of assembly, functional, geometrical or esthetical requirements and difficulties to reach desired form in all areas. The cost for geometry defects rises downstream in the process chain. Therefore, it is vital to discover these defects as soon as they appear. Then adjustments can be done in the process without losing products or time. In order to find a solution for this, a project with the overall scope “development of an intelligent process control system” has been initiated. This project consists of five different work packages: Inline measurement, Process Evaluation, Corrective actions, Flexible tooling and demonstrator cell. These work packages address different areas which are necessary to fulfill the overall scope of the project. The system shall both be able to detect geometrical defects, propose adjustments and adjust simple process parameters. The results are demonstrated in a demo cell located at Chalmers University of Technology. In the demonstrator all the different areas have been verified in an industrial case study – assembly of GOR Volvo S80. Efficient offline programming for robot based measurement, efficient process evaluation based on case base reasoning (CBR) methodology, flexible fixtures and process adjustments based on corrective actions regarding in going part positioning.
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| 30. |
- Aronsson, Patrik, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
A novel in situ urinary bladder model for studying afferent and efferent mechanisms in the micturition reflex in the rat.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Neurourology and urodynamics. - : Wiley. - 1520-6777 .- 0733-2467. ; 33:5, s. 550-557
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: The search for new animal models to investigate both efferent and afferent levels of the micturition reflex, to better understand urinary dysfunctions, is of great importance. Therefore in this study we developed and characterized, by comparisons with a conventional whole bladder model, a novel in situ model. METHODS: The urinary bladder was carefully prepared and separated, via a midline incision, into two halves all the way to the urethra in pentobarbitone and medetomidine anesthetized male rats. The separated bladder halves (with no direct connection) were immobilized with ligatures to the underlying tissue. The tension could thereafter be recorded at one side, while the other half was occasionally stretched in order to evoke an afferent signal. Also, injections of ATP and methacholine and electric nerve stimulation were employed. RESULTS: Ipsilateral stretch of 30 and 50mN induced a force-dependent contractile response on the contralateral side. Moreover, electrical stimulation of efferent pelvic nerve fibers, and intravenous injections of methacholine and ATP, evoked dose-dependent contractions, resembling responses observed in the whole bladder model. Here, the threshold frequency at electrical stimulation of the efferent fibers was <2Hz and the maximum response appeared at 10-20Hz, while afferent stimulation had a threshold of 5-10Hz with the maximum response at 40Hz. CONCLUSIONS: In the current study we show that stimulation of afferents at one side of the bladder induces, via impulses from the central nervous system, contractions from the other side. This novel model enables quantitative comparisons of changes occurring within the micturition reflex arc in bladder disorders.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Aronsson, Patrik, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Cyclophosphamide-induced alterations of the micturition reflex in a novel in situ urinary bladder model in the anesthetized rat
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Neurourology and Urodynamics. - : Wiley. - 0733-2467. ; 34:4, s. 375-380
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis alterations have been reported to occur both at efferent and afferent level in the micturition reflex arc. In particular, the stretching of the bladder wall causing urothelial release of ATP has been proposed as one of the pivotal mechanisms causing these alterations. To evaluate functional changes at efferent and afferent levels of the micturition reflex following cyclophosphamide treatment we have applied a novel in situ half bladder rat model. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with either saline or cyclophosphamide (100mg/kg), and stretch-, electric-, methacholine-, and ATP-induced responses were thereafter measured at 60-72hr postinjection under pentobarbitone anesthesia. In the novel in situ half bladder model, the urinary bladder was prepared via a midline incision, where the two halves were separated all the way to the urethra as previously described. Results: Following bladder stretch of 30-80mN, of the half that was not used for tension measurement, the cyclophosphamide-treated animals evoked significant two- to threefold larger contractile responses as compared to saline-treated control animals. A sensitization of the afferent arm was shown in cyclophosphamide-treated animals, since afferent stimulation evoked similar responses as in control animals despite that the efferent pelvic nerve stimulation displayed a lower contraction-frequency relationship in cyclophosphamide-treated animals. Atropine reduced the stretch(reflex)-evoked contraction by up to 50% in control and 75-80% in cyclophosphamide-treated rats. Subsequent addition of PPADS further reduced the contractions. Conclusion: The micturition reflex response is increased following cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis, as compared to control. The likely cause is sensitization at mechanosensor level in the micturition arc, which overrides the decrement of the efferent cholinergic effects. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Aydogdu, Özgu, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Cross-organ sensitization between the prostate and bladder in an experimental rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: BMC urology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2490. ; 21:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) on bladder function via prostate-to-bladder cross-sensitization in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced prostate inflammation.Male rats were intraprostatically injected with LPS or saline, serving as control. Micturition parameters were examined in a metabolic cage 10 or 14days later. Subsequently, to evaluate bladder function, cystometry was performed. Micturition cycles were induced by saline infusion and cholinergic and purinergic contractile responses were measured by intravenous injection with methacholine and ATP, respectively. Thereafter, the prostate and bladder were excised and assessed histopathologically for possible inflammatory changes.Metabolic cage experiments showed increased urinary frequency in rats with LPS-induced CP/CPPS. Cystometry showed a significant increase in the number of non-voiding contractions, longer voiding time and lower compliance in CP/CPPS animals compared to controls. Induction of CP/CPPS led to significantly reduced cholinergic and purinergic bladder contractile responses. Histopathological analysis demonstrated prostatic inflammation in CP/CPPS animals. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding the extent or the grade of bladder inflammation. Prostate weight was not significantly different between the groups.The present study shows that prostate-to-bladder cross-sensitization can be triggered by an infectious focus in the prostate, giving rise to bladder overactivity and alterations in both afferent and efferent signalling. Future studies are required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Aydogdu, Özgu, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Prostate-to-bladder cross-sensitization in a model of zymosan-induced chronic pelvic pain syndrome in rats.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: The Prostate. - : Wiley. - 1097-0045 .- 0270-4137. ; 81:4, s. 252-260
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) on bladder function and pathophysiology.To create a model for CPPS, rats were intraprostatically injected with zymosan or saline, serving as control. Metabolic cage experiments were performed 7, 14, or 21 days after zymosan injection and after 14 days in the control group. Thereafter, cystometry was performed in which simulated micturition cycles were induced by saline infusion and contractile responses to the cholinergic agonist methacholine and the purinergic agonist ATP were measured. Following cystometry, the prostate and urinary bladder were excised and assessed histopathologically for possible inflammatory changes.Metabolic cage data revealed a significantly increased urinary frequency in zymosan treated rats. Likewise, the volume per micturition was significantly lower in all CPPS groups compared to controls. Cystometry showed a significant increase in the number of nonvoiding contractions, longer voiding time, and a trend towards lower compliance in CPPS rats compared to controls. Induction of CPPS led to significantly reduced cholinergic and purinergic contractile responses. Histopathological analysis demonstrated prostatic inflammation in all CPPS groups, in particular in later stage groups. Both the extent and grade of bladder inflammation were significantly higher in CPPS groups compared to controls.The current findings demonstrate a potential prostate-to-bladder cross-sensitization leading to symptoms of bladder overactivity and signs of bladder inflammation. Future clinical studies are required to verify the outcomes of the current study and enable advancement of patient care.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Aydogdu, Özgu, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Treatment with the soluble guanylate cyclase activator BAY 60-2770 normalizes bladder function in an in vivo rat model of chronic prostatitis.
- 2022
-
Ingår i: European journal of pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0712 .- 0014-2999. ; 927
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is a common and bothersome condition for which no pharmacological treatment options with acceptable efficacy exist. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activator BAY 60-2770 and the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib on bladder function in a rat model of CPPS.Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraprostatically injected with either saline, serving as control, or zymosan, to induce prostatitis. On days 8-20, the rats were treated with either dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO; vehicle), celecoxib, BAY 60-2770 or a combination of celecoxib and BAY 60-2770. Thereafter, micturition parameters were assessed in a metabolic cage and urine samples were collected. The following day, cystometry was performed. Subsequently, the urinary bladder and prostate were removed and examined histopathologically.Induction of prostatitis led to a significant increase of micturition frequency and corresponding decrease of volume per micturition. These alterations were ameliorated by celecoxib, and completely normalized by BAY 60-2770. Induction of prostatitis led to a significantly increased number of non-voiding contractions, decreased bladder compliance and increased voiding time. These parameters were normalized by treatment with BAY 60-2770, either alone or in combination with celecoxib. The immunohistochemical analysis showed signs of prostate inflammation, but not bladder inflammation.Induction of prostatitis led to significant impairment in bladder function. These alterations could be prevented by BAY 60-2770, alone or in combination with celecoxib. This is the first study to show that sGC activators could be a promising option for the treatment of CPPS.
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| 40. |
- Aydogdu, Özgu, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Treatment with the soluble guanylate cyclase activator BAY 60-2770 restores in vitro bladder contractile responses in a rat model of chronic prostatitis
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Continence. - : Elsevier BV. - 2772-9737. ; 4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Examine how innate bladder contractility and corresponding receptor expression was affected by chronic prostatitis (CP) and how treatment with the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activator BAY 60-2770 influenced this. Methods: To create a functional model for CP, 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraprostatically injected with either zymosan or saline, serving as control. After a recovery period, the rats were treated with either BAY 60-2770 or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; vehicle) on days 8–20. Urine samples were collected for measurement of ATP. On day 21, the bladder was excised and contractile responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS), methacholine, ATP and nitric oxide (NO) were examined in an in vitro organ bath. Subsequently, the expression of purinergic (P2X1 & P2X3) and muscarinic (M3) receptors as well as sGC was examined immunohistochemically. Results: Induction of CP led to significantly attenuated purinergic bladder contractions, which were normalized by treatment with BAY 60-2770. Induction of CP did not alter the contractile bladder responses to EFS, methacholine or NO. However, treatment with BAY 60-2770 led to significantly increased contractile bladder responses to EFS and MeCh and significantly enhanced relaxatory nitrergic responses. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding purinergic or cholinergic receptor expression, however treatment with BAY 60-2770 led to attenuated expression of sGC in the urothelium. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings indicate that drugs targeting the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) pathway may be a promising option to restore alterations in bladder contractility that arise due to CP.
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| 41. |
- Benzinou, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Common nonsynonymous variants in PCSK1 confer risk of obesity.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 40:8, s. 943-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mutations in PCSK1 cause monogenic obesity. To assess the contribution of PCSK1 to polygenic obesity risk, we genotyped tag SNPs in a total of 13,659 individuals of European ancestry from eight independent case-control or family-based cohorts. The nonsynonymous variants rs6232, encoding N221D, and rs6234-rs6235, encoding the Q665E-S690T pair, were consistently associated with obesity in adults and children (P = 7.27 x 10(-8) and P = 2.31 x 10(-12), respectively). Functional analysis showed a significant impairment of the N221D-mutant PC1/3 protein catalytic activity.
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| 42. |
- Bjurman, Christian, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased admissions and hospital costs with a neutral effect on mortality following lowering of the troponin T cutoff point to the 99th percentile
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Cardiology journal. - 1897-5593 .- 1898-018X. ; 24:6, s. 612-622
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The implementation of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) assays and a cutoff based on the 99th cTnT percentile in the evaluation of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome has not been uniform due to uncertain effects on health benefits and utilization of limited resources.Methods:Clinical and laboratory data from patients with chest pain or dyspnea at the emergency department (ED) were evaluated before (n = 20516) and after (n = 18485) the lowering of the hs-cTnT cutoff point from 40 ng/L to the 99th hs-cTnT percentile of 14 ng/L in February 2012. Myocardial infarction (MI) was diagnosed at the discretion of the attending clinicians responsible for the patient.Results:Following lowering of the hs-cTnT cutoff point fewer ED patients with chest pain or dyspnea as the principal complaint were analyzed with an hs-cTnT sample (81% vs. 72%, p < 0.001). Overall 30-day mortality was unaffected but increased among patients not analyzed with an hs-cTnT sample (5.3% vs. 7.6%, p < 0.001). The MI frequency was unchanged (4.0% vs. 3.9%, p = 0.72) whereas admission rates decreased (51% vs. 45%, p < 0.001) as well as hospital costs. Coronary angiographies were used more frequently (2.8% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.004) but with no corresponding change in coronary interventions.Conclusions:At the participating hospital, lowering of the hs-cTnT cutoff point to the 99th percentile decreased admissions and hospital costs but did not result in any apparent prognostic or treatment benefits for the patients.
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| 43. |
- Borroto-Escuela, Dasiel O., et al.
(författare)
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Preferential activation by galanin 1-15 fragment of the GalR1 protomer of a GalR1-GalR2 heteroreceptor complex
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 452:3, s. 347-353
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The three cloned galanin receptors show a higher affinity for galanin than for galanin N-terminal fragments. Galanin fragment (1-15) binding sites were discovered in the rat Central Nervous System, especially in dorsal hippocampus, indicating a relevant role of galanin fragments in central galanin communication. The hypothesis was introduced that these N-terminal galanin fragment preferring sites are formed through the formation of GalR1-GalR2 heteromers which may play a significant role in mediating galanin fragment (1-15) signaling. In HEK293T cells evidence for the existence of GalR1-GalR2 heteroreceptor complexes were obtained with proximity ligation and BRET2 assays. PLA positive blobs representing GalR1-GalR2 heteroreceptor complexes were also observed in the raphe-hippocampal system. In CRE luciferase reporter gene assays, galanin (1-15) was more potent than galanin (1-29) in inhibiting the forskolin-induced increase of luciferase activity in GalR1-GalR2 transfected cells. The inhibition of CREB by 50 nM of galanin (1-15) and of galanin (1-29) was fully counteracted by the non-selective galanin antagonist M35 and the selective GalR2 antagonist M871. These results suggested that the orthosteric agonist binding site of GalR1 protomer may have an increased affinity for the galanin (115) vs galanin (1-29) which can lead to its demonstrated increase in potency to inhibit CREB vs galanin (1-29). In contrast, in NFAT reporter gene assays galanin (1-29) shows a higher efficacy than galanin (115) in increasing Gq/11 mediated signaling over the GalR2 of these heteroreceptor complexes. This disbalance in the signaling of the GalR1-GalR2 heteroreceptor complexes induced by galanin (1-15) may contribute to depression-like actions since GalR1 agonists produce such effects. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 44. |
- Brodnik, Andrej, et al.
(författare)
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Worst case constant time priority queue
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 78:3, s. 249-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a new data structure of size 3M bits, where M is the size of the universe at hand, for realizing a discrete priority queue. When this data structure is used in combination with a new memory topology it executes all discrete priority queue operations in O(1) worst case time. In doing so we demonstrate how an unconventional, but practically implementable, memory architecture can be employed to sidestep known lower bounds and achieve constant time performance.
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| 45. |
- Carlsson, Annelie, et al.
(författare)
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Absence of Islet Autoantibodies and Modestly Raised Glucose Values at Diabetes Diagnosis Should Lead to Testing for MODY : Lessons From a 5-Year Pediatric Swedish National Cohort Study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - Arlington, VA, United States : American Diabetes Association. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 43:1, s. 82-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE Identifying maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) in pediatric populations close to diabetes diagnosis is difficult. Misdiagnosis and unnecessary insulin treatment are common. We aimed to identify the discriminatory clinical features at diabetes diagnosis of patients with glucokinase (GCK), hepatocyte nuclear factor-1A (HNF1A), and HNF4A MODY in the pediatric population.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Swedish patients (n = 3,933) aged 1–18 years, diagnosed with diabetes May 2005 to December 2010, were recruited from the national consecutive prospective cohort Better Diabetes Diagnosis. Clinical data, islet autoantibodies (GAD insulinoma antigen-2, zinc transporter 8, and insulin autoantibodies), HLA type, and C-peptide were collected at diagnosis. MODY was identified by sequencing GCK, HNF1A, and HNF4A, through either routine clinical or research testing.RESULTS The minimal prevalence of MODY was 1.2%. Discriminatory factors for MODY at diagnosis included four islet autoantibody negativity (100% vs. 11% not-known MODY; P = 2 × 10−44), HbA1c (7.0% vs. 10.7% [53 vs. 93 mmol/mol]; P = 1 × 10−20), plasma glucose (11.7 vs. 26.7 mmol/L; P = 3 × 10−19), parental diabetes (63% vs. 12%; P = 1 × 10−15), and diabetic ketoacidosis (0% vs. 15%; P = 0.001). Testing 303 autoantibody-negative patients identified 46 patients with MODY (detection rate 15%). Limiting testing to the 73 islet autoantibody-negative patients with HbA1c <7.5% (58 mmol/mol) at diagnosis identified 36 out of 46 (78%) patients with MODY (detection rate 49%). On follow-up, the 46 patients with MODY had excellent glycemic control, with an HbA1c of 6.4% (47 mmol/mol), with 42 out of 46 (91%) patients not on insulin treatment.CONCLUSIONS At diagnosis of pediatric diabetes, absence of all islet autoantibodies and modest hyperglycemia (HbA1c <7.5% [58 mmol/mol]) should result in testing for GCK, HNF1A, and HNF4A MODY. Testing all 12% patients negative for four islet autoantibodies is an effective strategy for not missing MODY but will result in a lower detection rate. Identifying MODY results in excellent long-term glycemic control without insulin.
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| 46. |
- Carlsson, Axel C, et al.
(författare)
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Kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 is associated with insulin resistance : results from two community-based studies of elderly individuals
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. - : Elsevier. - 0168-8227 .- 1872-8227. ; 103:3, s. 516-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Insulin resistance has been shown to be closely associated with glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, even prior to the development of diabetes. Urinary kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) is a novel, highly specific marker of kidney tubular damage. The role of insulin resistance in the development of kidney tubular damage is not previously reported. Thus, we aimed to investigate the associations between insulin sensitivity (assessed by HOMA) and urinary KIM-1.DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS: Two community-based cohorts of elderly individuals were investigated: Prospective Investigation of the vasculature in Uppsala seniors (PIVUS, n=701; mean age 75 years, 52% women); and Uppsala Longitudinal Study of adult men (ULSAM, n=533; mean age 78 years).RESULTS: Lower insulin sensitivity was associated with higher urinary KIM-1 in both cohorts after adjustments for age, BMI, blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment, glomerular filtration rate, and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (PIVUS: regression coefficient for 1-SD higher HOMA-IR 0.11, 95% CI 0.03-0.20, p=0.009, and ULSAM: 0.13, 95% CI 0.04-0.22, p=0.007). Results were similar in individuals without diabetes, with normal kidney function and normo-albuminuria.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings in elderly individuals support the notion that the interplay between an impaired glucose metabolism and renal tubular damage is evident even prior to the development of diabetes and overt kidney disease.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Carlsson, Ella, et al.
(författare)
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FIELD STUDIES OF GULLIES AND PINGOS ON SVALBARD – A MARTIAN ANALOG.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: European Planetary Science Congress, 21-26 September 2008. ; 3
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gully systems on Mars have been found to superpose young geological surfaces such as dunes and thermal contraction polygons. This in combination with the general absence of superimposed impact craters suggest that the gullies are relatively recent geological formations. The observed gullies display a wide set of morphologies ranging from features seemingly formed by fluvial erosion to others pointing to dry landslide processes. A recent discovery suggests that this is an ongoing process, which appears to occur even today. Several formation mechanisms have been proposed for the Martian gullies, such as liquid carbon dioxide reservoirs, shallow liquid water aquifer, melting ground ice, dry landslide, snow melt and deep liquid water aquifer. However, none of these models can alone explain all the gullies discovered on Mars. So far Martian gullies have been studied only from orbit via remote sensing data. Hydrostatic pingos are perennial ice-cored mounds that may reach an elongated or circular radius of approximately 150 m. They are found in periglacial environments where they are formed by freezing processes in the continuous permafrost. The pingos go through different evolutionary stages as they mature, where the final stage leaves an annular rim left by the collapse of the summit. Images from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) show small fractured mounds in the Martian mid-latitudes. Even though some differences are observed, the best terrestrial analogues for the observed mound morphology are pingos. Gullies and pingos found in Arctic climates on Earth could be an analog for the Martian ones. A comparative analysis might help to understand the formation mechanisms of the Martian pingos and gullies and their possible eroding agent.
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| 49. |
- Carlsson, Jenny, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of sera from various species by using lectin affinity arrays and scanning ellipsometry
- 2005
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Ingår i: Analytica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-2670 .- 1873-4324. ; 530:2, s. 167-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serum proteins of different species and of different human blood groups exhibit various protein glycosylation patterns. Sera from human, pig, sheep and guinea pig have been applied to a panel of eight different lectins immobilized on a gold wafer. The biorecognition has been evaluated with scanning ellipsometry and the two-dimensional matrices obtained have been treated with image analysis and MVDA for evaluation. The results showed a clear difference in protein binding pattern between the different species and thereby separation of the different sera could be made. Dendograms indicate that human and pig sera are the most related of the four different sera investigated.
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- Carlsson, Mikael A., et al.
(författare)
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A behavioural operant discrimination model for assessment and pharmacological manipulation of visual function in rats
- 2010
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Ingår i: Brain Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-8993 .- 1872-6240. ; 1321, s. 78-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large number of commercially available drugs are known to cause visual side effects in humans. Therefore, it would be advantageous to screen for alterations in visual function at a pre-clinical stage. Available methods, however, lack control for motivational and motoric side effects. The aim of the present study was therefore to develop a behavioural test to detect and quantify drug-induced visual side effects while simultaneously controlling for other side effects. We here present a novel model based on operant conditioning methodology with a food rewarded two-choice design to assess visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in rats. Rats were trained to discriminate between computer-generated sine-wave gratings and homogenous grey stimuli of equal luminance. They were subsequently tested with novel stimuli differing to training stimuli according to either spatial frequency or contrast. Finally, we tested how visual acuity was affected by oral administration of quinine HCl, a compound known to affect visual function in man. The rats learned to discriminate visual stimuli within 4-5 weeks of twice daily training. A training procedure with moving stimuli achieved faster learning than with static stimuli. The visual detection threshold for discrimination of grating patterns decreased as a function of the contrast level, ranging from a spatial frequency of 0.8 cycles/degree (c/d) at 100% contrast to 0.2 c/d at 12.5%. Administration of quinine HCl was shown to affect the visual acuity threshold in a dose- and time dependent manner. In addition, response rate was affected by quinine administration but temporally isolated from the attenuation of visual acuity demonstrating that this model can separate the visual effects from motoric and motivational side effects.
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