| 1. |
- Lindehammer, Sabina, et al.
(författare)
-
Temporal trends of HLA genotype frequencies of type 1 diabetes patients in Sweden from 1986 to 2005 suggest altered risk
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Acta Diabetologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233. ; 45:4, s. 231-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes in 1-18-year-old patients with type 1 diabetes newly diagnosed in 1986-1987 (n = 430), 1996-2000 (n = 342) and in 2003-2005 (n = 171). We tested the hypothesis that the HLA DQ genotype distribution changes over time. Swedish type 1 diabetes patients and controls were typed for HLA using polymerase chain reaction amplification and allele specific probes for DQ A1* and B1* alleles. The most common type 1 diabetes HLA DQA1*-B1*genotype 0501-0201/0301-0302 was 36% (153/430) in 1986-1987 and 37% (127/342) in 1996-2000, but decreased to 19% (33/171) in 2003-2005 (P \ 0.0001). The 0501-0201/0501-0201 genotype increased from 1% in 1986-1987 to 7% in 1996-2000 (P = 0.0047) and to 5% in 2003-2005 (P > 0.05). This study in 1-18-year-old Swedish type 1 diabetes patients supports the notion that there is a temporal change in HLA risk.
|
|
| 2. |
- Austrell, Per Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Survey of Design Methods and Material Characteristics in Rubber Engineering
- 1999
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The unique properties of elastomeric materials are taken advantage of in many engineering applications. Elastomeric units are used as couplings or mountings between stiff structures. Examples of these are shock absorbers, vibration insulators, flexible joints, seals and suspensions.The development of computers and of analysis programs in this area has given engineers a new tool for the design of elastomeric components. Computer simulation by finite element analysis has become increasingly important, allowing the mechanical behavior of products with for complex geometries, as well as loading cases of different kinds to be evaluated. Computer simulations enable both static and dynamic aspects to be analyzed. These matters have been recognized by the manufacturers of rubber products and by their customers. The benefits are shorter time for product development and also quality improvements.However, the possibilities available for finding less complicated technical solutions at lower cost with the use of elastomers, has not been fully utilized. Rubber components could be employed more frequently in design if engineers were more familiar with materials of this sort.Part of the problem lies in education and in the dissemination of information. Engineers working in the design area tend to not be very familiar with elastomeric materials and their properties. The offerings of courses on the mechanics of polymers at schools and universities are very limited. Skillful engineers in this field have usually acquired their knowledge through many years of experience and not formal education.Moreover, the complicated nature of the material behavior involved makes it difficult to devise general design rules and design tools. Only recently have computers and analysis programs become powerful enough for the analysis of nonlinear elastic problems involving large strains.It is essential, if one is to become competitive in high-tech applications, to possess a thorough knowledge of computer methods, material models and test methods available.There has likewise been a lack of relevant data for the computer analysis of elastomeric materials. The design tools employed rely on the material models available and on the test data required for the calibration of these models. In many cases, the only information available for analysis is a value for the hardness of the rubber in question. The wide variety of rubber compounds is also a problem. The characterization of different materials is costly and time-consuming. There is thus a need for simple and reliable methods to characterize the different vulcanizates.
|
|
| 3. |
- Carlsson, Maine, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
-
Body composition in Swedish old people aged 65-99 years, living in residential care facilities
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 49:1, s. 98-107
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is important to evaluate body composition changes in subjects with an existing multi-system reduction in capacity, as a small decrease in fat-free mass (FFM) can cause serious impairments. The aim of the study was to describe body composition in old people living in institutions. Body composition data were collected within a study of 173 subjects with functional and cognitive impairment, aged 65-99 years, and living in residential care facilities. A bioelectrical impedance spectrometer (BIS) (Xitron Hydra 4200; 5-1000 kHz) was used to assess the amount of both FFM and fat mass (FM) which where adjusted for height. The Harpenden caliper and a tape measure were used to assess body fat, arm-muscle and arm-fat area (mm(2)). A large proportion of the old and functionally impaired population was at risk of malnutrition or already malnourished (63.4% vs. 17.4%) according to Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Women had significantly lower fat-free mass index (FFMI) and higher FMI, inversely related to age, than men. Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and anthropometrical measurements correlated but on different levels. In addition the FM% differed between the two methods (46.3% vs. 33.4%).
|
|
| 4. |
- Carlsson, Maine, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
-
The feasibility of serving liquid yoghurt supplemented with probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LB 21, and Lactococcus lactis L1A : a pilot study among old people with dementia in a residential care facility
- 2009
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. - Paris : Serdi. - 1279-7707 .- 1760-4788. ; 13:9, s. 813-819
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Constipation and body weight loss are prevalent among old people. Treatment with different species of lactic acid bacteria has been suggested for various forms of gastrointestinal disorders. Objective, participants and intervention: This pilot study was performed to assess the feasibility of administering and consuming a drinkable yoghurt containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus LB 21 and Lactococcus L1A, and to evaluate the influence on bowel movements and body weight in 15 people with dementia, aged 65–95 years in residential care facility. Design: A drinkable yoghurt (Verum Drickyoghurt©) with added bacteria was served daily for 6 months in conjunction with ordinary food intake. Body weight, bowel movement frequency and consistency, food and fluid intake and time spent in various activities were recorded for two weeks preintervention, and 3 times during the follow-up period. Result: This study showed that the yoghurt was easy to serve, with few side effects for the participants and that the various recording forms and diaries were easy for the staff to complete. The extra intake of yoghurt did not have any detectable beneficial effect on bowel movements. The overnight fast was almost 15 hours per day. Body weight decreased by 0.65 kg/month (95% confidence interval. 0.27–0.97). Conclusions: The present study design was feasible in this group of old people with dementia. The absence of any detectable effect of the supplement on constipation, but rather a considerable loss in body weight, indicate that further research is needed in a large randomised controlled trial, if associations between dementia, constipation and energy balance are to be understood.
|
|
| 5. |
- Eriksson, Margaretha, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of birth weight on prostate cancer incidence and mortality in a population-based study of men born in 1913 and followed up from 50 to 85 years of age
- 2007
-
Ingår i: The Prostate. - : Wiley. - 0270-4137 .- 1097-0045. ; 67:11, s. 1247-1254
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) hormone is directly associated with birth weight (BW), and high IGF-I measured in adults is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer (PCA). Whether BW and PCA are related is inconclusive to date. METHODS: BW and PCA incidence and mortality data for a population-based cohort of 1,436 singleton Swedish men born in 1913 and followed until 85 years of age were obtained. RESULTS: BW > or = 4,250 g was associated with significantly higher PCA incidence [62% (CI: 4%-151%)] and PCA mortality [82% (CI: 3%-221%)] than BW 3,001-4,249 g, even when other potential effect modifiers were taken into account. The hazards ratio for PCA incidence fell from approximately 3 at age 50 to unity at age 85. Approximately one out of every six PCA incident cases between 50 and 70 years of age could be attributed to BW > or = 4,250 g. CONCLUSIONS: In the current study PCA incidence and mortality rate appears to increase with BW.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
