| 1. |
- Widerström, E G, et al.
(författare)
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Relations between experimentally induced tooth pain threshold changes, psychometrics and clinical pain relief following TENS. A retrospective study in patients with long-lasting pain.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Pain. - 0304-3959. ; 51:3, s. 281-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigates the relationships between clinical pain relief, physiological and psychological parameters. Out of 50 patients with long-lasting musculoskeletal neck- and shoulder-pain treated with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), 21 were selected and classified as responders (n = 13) or non-responders (n = 8). Tooth pain thresholds (PT) were measured before and after an experimental TENS treatment and the relative change in PT following the stimulation was calculated. Three psychometric self-inventories were administered: Zung Depression Scale, Spielberger's Trait Anxiety Scale and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale. Responders (R) and non-responders (NR) differed significantly from each other in the PT measurements as well as on the psychometric scales. NR exhibited higher levels of anxiety and depression, a more pronounced powerful other orientation and no change or a decrease in PT following TENS compared to R. These findings indicate relationships and interactions between physiological and psychological factors in patients with long-lasting pain.
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| 2. |
- Carlsson, Sven G., 1935, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of amphetamine and L-dopa on tetrabenazine-induced suppression of intracranial self-stimulation in the rat.
- 1977
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of psychology. - 0036-5564. ; 18:2, s. 157-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The administration of d-amphetamine sulphate resulted in a restoration of intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) suppressed by tetrabenazine (TBZ). A dose-dependent increase in the rate of ICSS was seen after L-dopa in animals pretreated with TBZ. d-Amhetamine is believed to act by facilitating the nerve-impulse induced release of central catecholamines (CA) whereas the blockage of the granular uptake-storage mechanism by TBZ will prevent the storage of CA formed from the administrated L-dopa and thereby interfere with their release by nerve-impulses. Thus, in the latter case, an activation of central CA receptors in all probability will be due to a dose-dependent diffusion of CA from nerve terminals. It is suggested that the failure to completely antagonize the TBZ-induced suppression of behaviour by L-dopa is due to the fact that a direct activation, independent of the nerve-impulse flow, of central CA receptors easily results in an overstimulation and a reduced specificity in behaviour.
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| 3. |
- Dahlström, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical and electromyographic effects of biofeedback training in mandibular dysfunction.
- 1984
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Ingår i: Biofeedback and self-regulation. - 0363-3586. ; 9:1, s. 37-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty patients with mandibular dysfunction, 10 acute and 10 chronic, were trained with electromyographic biofeedback from either m. masseter or m. frontalis area. The electromyographic activity in both muscle areas were recorded during six training sessions. The mean electromyographic activity decreased significantly within the sessions for both muscle areas, progressively more often for the m. masseter area. The activity did not decrease significantly between sessions for any muscle area. The clinical and subjective symptoms of mandibular dysfunction improved significantly after the training. No differences, electromyographically or clinically, among acute, chronic, m. masseter area, or m. frontalis area feedback patients could be observed. No correlation between decrease in electromyographic activity and symptoms could be established. Since a simplistic neuromuscular learning model for biofeedback training gains little support from these results, alternative views are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Dahlström, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of effects of electromyographic biofeedback and occlusal splint therapy on mandibular dysfunction.
- 1982
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of dental research. - 0029-845X. ; 90:2, s. 151-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to evaluate and compare the effects of biofeedback and occlusal splint therapy on mandibular dysfunction, 30 patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups. The patients were women aged 20--40 years without any obvious organic reasons for their symptoms. There were no significant differences between the two groups before the start of treatment in respect of signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction. One group used full coverage splints at night for 6 weeks. The other group received biofeedback training up to six times, 30 min per session. One month after completion of the therapy the patients were re-examined. Both groups showed a significant reduction in symptoms, both subjectively and clinically. No significant differences between the groups were found. The two treatments were thus equally effective in the short-term perspective in patients with signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction.
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| 5. |
- Dahlström, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Stress-induced muscular activity in mandibular dysfunction: effects of biofeedback training.
- 1985
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Ingår i: Journal of behavioral medicine. - 0160-7715. ; 8:2, s. 191-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface electromyographic (EMG) recordings from the left and right masseteric areas during physical and psychological induced stress were obtained from 20 patients with mandibular dysfunction and 20 healthy controls. Integrated electromyographic activity was not significantly different for the two sides but was higher for patients than for controls during both stress and relaxation. Anxiety level, as measured with the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, was higher for patients. Biofeedback treatment for the patients resulted in significantly reduced signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction. When the test procedures were repeated, the controls had not changed in their electromyographic responses during stress, whereas the patients showed a significant decrease in this respect. The results obtained are discussed in terms of a systems-oriented etiological concept.
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| 6. |
- Dahlström, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Variability in electromyographic surface recordings of the human masseter muscle.
- 1989
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Ingår i: Electromyography and clinical neurophysiology. - 0301-150X. ; 29:2, s. 105-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serial registrations of integrated unilateral surface masseter EMG were performed in eight healthy subjects in the rest position, during controlled gentle biting and during maximal clenching at five different sessions in order to analyse the variability. The recording conditions were standardised. The EMG activity for the group did not differ significantly between the sessions at any level but individual variations were great in the rest position both within and between days. Good consistency was found at controlled force levels. Temporally stable measurements of masseter activity which permit quantitative comparisons thus seem possible.
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| 7. |
- Dyrehag, L E, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of repeated sensory stimulation sessions (electro-acupuncture) on skin temperature in chronic pain patients.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine. - 0036-5505. ; 29:4, s. 243-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in skin temperature and haemodynamics were studied during experimentally administered electro-acupuncture before and after a 4-week period of electro-acupuncture (EA) treatments. Subjective pain intensity was evaluated using a pain questionnaire. Twelve patients with long-lasting nociceptive pain were included. Before clinical treatment, skin temperature tended to decrease after 30 minutes' stimulation. In contrast, a significant increase was seen after the clinical treatment. No significant changes were seen for blood pressure, heart rate or pain intensity before and after the clinical treatment. The data indicate that an increased skin vasoconstrictor sympathetic activity may be responsible for the decreased skin temperature during the electro-acupuncture in the initial test sessions, whereas an inhibition of skin sympathetic activity and/or a release of vasodilatory substances may be responsible for the increase in temperature after completed clinical treatment. Despite a small number of subjects and correction for multiple inference, the difference in temperature effects before and up to 3 months after acupuncture treatment was significant.
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| 8. |
- Dyrehag, L E, et al.
(författare)
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Relations between self-rated musculoskeletal symptoms and signs and psychological distress in chronic neck and shoulder pain.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine. - 0036-5505. ; 30:4, s. 235-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purposes of the present study were to describe physical and psychological characteristics of 55 chronic pain patients with predominantly nociceptive neck and shoulder complaints, and to explore relationships between physical assessment methods, self-reported pain and psychological distress. The physical measures included cervical and shoulder mobility and muscle tenderness. The Pain Severity and Interference subscales from the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI), Becks Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y), and a pain drawing assessed self-reports of pain and psychological distress. The number of tender points (TP score) correlated significantly with pain severity, (p < 0.01) Interference (p < 0.05), pain drawing score (p < 0.05), BDI (p < 0.05) and state anxiety (p < 0.05). No significant correlation was seen between TP score and age, pain duration or trait anxiety. The results suggest that there are relationships between observers' ratings of muscle tenderness (TP score) and self-reports of pain severity, interference of pain and psychological distress in patients with chronic cervico-brachial pain.
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| 9. |
- Abrahamsson, Kajsa H., 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Ambivalence in Coping with Dental Fear and Avoidance: A Qualitative Study
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Health Psychology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1359-1053 .- 1461-7277. ; 7:6, s. 653-664
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dental phobia is a widespread problem, which can have significant impact on the individual's health and daily life. This grounded theory study aims to explore the situation of dental phobic patients: how dental phobia interferes with their normal routines and functioning, social activities and relationships, what factors contribute to the maintenance of dental fear and how they cope with their fear. In the qualitative analysis of thematized in-depth interviews four main categories were developed: threat to self-respect and well-being, avoidance, readiness to act and ambivalence in coping. The results show that several psychological and social factors interact in determining how dental phobic individuals cope with their fear, and demonstrate in what way dental fear affects their daily lives.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Abrahamsson, Kajsa H., 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Dental phobic patients' view of dental anxiety and experiences in dental care: a qualitative study.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of caring sciences. - 0283-9318. ; 16:2, s. 188-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dental phobic patients' view of dental anxiety and experiences in dental care: a qualitative study The aim of this study was to explore and describe dental phobic patients' perceptions of their dental fear and experiences in dental care. The study sample consisted of 18 participants (12 women), with a mean age of 39.4 years, selected consecutively from patients applying for treatment at a specialized dental fear clinic in G?teborg, Sweden. Dental fear, assessed by the Dental Anxiety Scale, showed score levels well over established levels for severe dental fear. The method for sampling and analysis was inspired by the constant comparative method for Grounded Theory (GT). The thematized in-depth interviews took place outside the clinic and lasted for 1-1.5 h. All the interviews were conducted by the first author (KHA), audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Three higher-order categories were developed and labelled existential threat, vulnerability and unsupportive dentist. Existential threat was identified as the core category, describing the central meaning of the subjects' experiences in dental care. The core category included two dimensions, labelled threat of violation and threat of loss of autonomy and independence. The core category and the descriptive categories are integrated in a model framing the process of dental fear, as described by the informants. In conclusion, the onset of dental fear was commonly related to individual vulnerability and to traumatic dental care experiences, where perceived negative dentist behaviour played a significant role. The patient was caught in a 'vicious circle' that was difficult to break, and where fear and anxiety were maintained by negative expectations about treatment and about patient's own ability to cope in dental care situations.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Abrahamsson, Kajsa H., 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Phobic avoidance and regular dental care in fearful dental patients: a comparative study.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 16, s. 188-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present investigation was a comparative study of 169 highly fearful dental patients, some of whom received regular dental care (n = 28) and some who never, or only when absolutely necessary, utilized dental care (n = 141). It was hypothesized that phobic avoidance is related to anticipatory stress and anxiety reactions, negative oral health effects, psychological distress, and negative social consequences. Background factors (sex, age, education, and dental attendance pattern), dental anxiety, general fears, general state and trait anxiety, mood states, depression, and quality of life effects were studied. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and with exploratory factor and multiple logistic regression analysis. It was shown that dental anxiety is significantly higher among the avoiders and this is in particular evident for anticipatory dental anxiety. Oral health differed between the groups, and it was shown that avoiders had significantly more missing teeth, whereas regular attenders had significantly more filled teeth. The avoiders reported a stronger negative impact on their daily life, whereas there were no significant differences between the groups with regard to general emotions. The logistic regression analysis showed that phobic avoidance was predicted only by anticipated dental anxiety and missing teeth. It was concluded that differences between high dental fear patients with regular dental care and phobic avoidance were mainly related to anticipated fear and anxiety, oral health effects, and concomitant negative life consequences. These results are discussed in terms of subjective stress, negative cognitions, social support, and coping-strategies.
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| 14. |
- Abrahamsson, Kajsa H., 1956, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychosocial aspects of dental and general fears in dental phobic patients.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 58:1, s. 37-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phobic reactions can often be a significant health problem for fearful dental patients. This is true in particular for individuals with long-time avoidance and elevated general psychological distress. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of dental fear among 67 dental phobic individuals with a low versus high degree of general fear. Reported etiologic background factors, avoidance time, general psychological distress and psychosocial manifestations and consequences of dental phobia were studied. No significant difference in dental anxiety level between individuals with low versus high general fear was found, and both groups reported high frequencies of negative dental experiences. The low-fear group reported a longer (though not statistically significant) average avoidance time than the high-fear group. However, patients with a high level of general fear showed a significantly higher degree of psychological distress, and also reported stronger negative social consequences from their dental anxiety. These results indicate that the character of dental fear might be different between different groups of fearful patients, which makes the condition psychologically handicapping. Such aspects should be assessed in the diagnostic analysis of patients with severe dental anxiety. In particular, assessments of signs of general psychological distress are warranted.
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| 15. |
- Abrahamsson, Kajsa H., 1956, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of dental beliefs for the outcome of dental-fear treatment.
- 2003
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 111:2, s. 99-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the importance of dental beliefs and the predictive value of the Dental Belief Survey (DBS) in dental-fear treatment. The sample comprised 117 adult patients seeking treatment at a dental-fear clinic. Pretreatment data were collected during a screening procedure, including two visits to the dentist. Outcome measurements were completed after treatment. The dentist rated successful/unsuccessful treatment outcome. Patients unsuccessful in treatment (n = 48) reported more initial negative dental beliefs, while patients successful in treatment (n = 69) showed a larger decrease in negative beliefs between the first and second visit to the dentist. However, these differences were small. There was a significant difference between the groups at visit two. Thus, patients unsuccessful in treatment reported more negative beliefs about how dentists communicate. Regression analyses showed that improved dental beliefs during the first two visits to the dentist predicted dental-fear reduction, while longer avoidance time, female gender, low engagement in treatment, and depressed mood increased the risk of unsuccessful treatment outcome. Our results suggest that the DBS provides valuable information, and that patients' subjective perceptions about how dentists communicate are important for treatment outcome. However, initial dental beliefs were not found to predict clinical treatment outcome.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of patients with direct conditioned and indirect cognitive reported origin of dental fear.
- 1997
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 105:3, s. 213-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the reported conditioned or cognitive origin of dental phobia in 100 adult patients at a specialized dental phobia clinic. It was shown that a majority of patients reported a conditioned background to their dental fear. Patients' avoidance time and level of dental anxiety corresponded to previously reported data for fearful groups. Individuals with an arousal conditioning etiology of dental fear reported significantly longer avoidance time as compared to individuals with a cognitively learned reaction. With the exception of an elevated level of general fears, most psychometrically assessed emotional reactions were well within normal ranges. However, patients with a non-conditioned, cognitive etiology reported significantly higher levels of trait anxiety and fear of embarrassment. In addition, a separate analysis among women revealed a greater fear of physical injuries among patients with cognitive etiology.
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| 18. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of patients with phobic dental anxiety.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 55:4, s. 217-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated a screening procedure for psychologic distress in adult patients with dental phobia before treatment of dental fear. The screening procedure was performed among 191 individuals in consecutive steps and included a medical/dental history, psychologic interviewing, and testing. Data collected during this process were analyzed and compared with SCL-90(R) data. The screening process was successful in selecting individuals without major psychologic distress problems. Among the excluded patients 91% had general symptoms scores on the SCL-90(R) exceeding a normative population mean, and 95% of included patients had a mean lower than an average for psychiatric outpatients. There were statistically significant differences between included and excluded patients on all subdimensions of the SCL-90. Thus, excluded patients had higher levels of psychologic distress, poorer psychosocial background, and more psychosomatic symptoms. This was accompanied by higher levels of negative attitudes toward dentists and their performance of dentistry, whereas no significant differences were found among the dental fear measures used.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Factor analysis and reduction of a Fear Survey Schedule among dental phobic patients.
- 1995
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 103:5, s. 331-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fear survey instrument, based on the Fear Survey Schedule-II and five additional fear items, was administered to 109 patients (70 women and 39 men) on a waiting list at a specialized dental fear clinic. The fear survey was analyzed to identify its factorial structure. Five fear factors, explaining 54% of the total variance, were identified concerning areas of "illness and death", "failures and embarrassment", "social situations", "physical injuries", and "animals and natural phenomena". An ad hoc reduction of items was carried out to form a shorter, more practical to use questionnaire, which resulted in factors of four or five items with loadings greater than 0.50. The factors intercorrelated significantly (rp varying between 0.33 and 0.59) and "illness and death" correlated highly with "physical injuries" (rp = 0.59) and "animals and natural phenomena" (rp = 0.56), while "failures and embarrassment" correlated highly to "social situations" (rp = 0.54). Statistically significant, but generally lower correlations were found between each factor and the dental fear measures. The highest correlations were found between fear of "physical injuries" and dental fear. There was also a high and significant correlation between sex and fear of "animals and natural phenomena".
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| 21. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric measures of dental fear.
- 1984
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Ingår i: Community dentistry and oral epidemiology. - 0301-5661. ; 12:5, s. 319-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four psychometric scales: Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS), a modified version of the Geer Fear Scale (GFS), the Health Locus of Control Scale (HLCS), and a Mood Adjective Check List (MACL), were studied with regard to their implications for dental fear. Swedish versions given to groups of fearful and non-fearful dental patients as well as non-patients showed satisfactory metric properties. Mean scores obtained were in most cases similar to those reported for original American versions, even though some indications of cultural differences were observed. The scales seem to reflect important aspects of dental fear, and they represent a valuable methodology in research on etiology and treatment of dental fear.
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| 22. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Qualitative and quantitative effects of treatment for dental fear and avoidance.
- 1986
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Ingår i: Anesthesia progress. - 0003-3006. ; 33:1, s. 9-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a Swedish community-based program for the treatment of dental phobic patients, a clinical trial was performed among 99 severely phobic individuals with long-standing avoidance of dental treatment. The modes of treatment compared were dentistry under general anesthesia and a broad-based psychophysiological therapy both followed by conventional dental treatment. Psychometric as well as overt behavioral measures were used to elucidate initial state and changes in patients' dental fear and behaviors. Quantitative and qualitative data are presented of initial and long-term (two years) treatment effects. The results indicate a significantly better effect for the psychophysiological therapy.
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| 23. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Relaxation vs. cognitively oriented therapies for dental fear.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of dental research. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 79:9, s. 1645-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cognitive therapy has been reported for the treatment of dental phobia, but comparisons with other behavioral treatments are scarce. This study investigated the outcome of two modes of treatment for phobic dental fear. Relaxation and cognitively oriented therapy were compared in a sample of 112 adult fearful dental patients. The patient made questionnaire assessments of background and outcome variables, and the specialist dentist rated successful/non-successful outcome. It was shown that a higher number of patients who received cognitively oriented therapy completed the treatment program, while anxiety was more reduced among patients who received relaxation-oriented therapy. Dropout during the initial phobia therapy with a psychologist was related to lower motivation (willingness to engage in treatment), while failures during dental treatment after the completion of therapy were related to higher levels of general fear and anxiety. A multiple logistic regression model explaining 67% of the variance revealed that the risk of failure was only slightly increased by general fears, while patients with low (below median) motivation ran a 3.6-times-higher risk of dropping out. In conclusion, it was shown that the two treatment methods were both effective in reducing dental phobic reactions. However, while cognitively oriented therapy resulted in a higher number of patients completing therapy, relaxation-oriented treatment generally resulted in a more significant reduction in dental fear as well as in general anxiety and fear. Motivation was found to be a significant predictor of successful treatment outcome.
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| 24. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
-
Tandvårdsskräck kan botas
- 1985
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Ingår i: Forskning och Framsteg. ; :8
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Usefulness of two psychometric scales in Swedish patients with severe dental fear.
- 1985
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Ingår i: Community dentistry and oral epidemiology. - 0301-5661. ; 13:2, s. 70-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dental fears and other fears were assessed in 67 patients with dental fear with the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS), the Geer Fear Scale (GFS), and a behavioral dentist's rating scale (DR). Patients were selected because of extreme initial dental fear (n = 20), favorable response to treatment for dental fear (n = 23). CDAS change paralleled behavioral change (DR), supporting the usefulness of CDAS in assessing dental fear. GFS scores did not change in either group but were higher among patients who did not respond to treatment for dental fear; these findings are discussed in terms of treatment outcome prediction and treatment specificity.
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| 27. |
- Bergman, Bodil, 1940, et al.
(författare)
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Women's work experiences and health in a male-dominated industry. A longitudinal study.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of occupational and environmental medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - 1076-2752. ; 38:7, s. 663-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to evaluate within-individual changes over time in work-role quality and quality of life and the relationship of these qualities to self-reported health as experienced by women in a male-dominated industry. Forty-seven women completed a questionnaire at two different points in time. The results showed evidence of a relationship between work-role quality and quality of life and self-reported health. There was a connection between changes in environmental demands and changes in musculoskeletal symptoms and between changes in quality of life and changes in gastrointestinal symptoms, except for psychological distress. The difference in medical symptoms is hypothesized to be an effect of hormonal signals. Four strategically selected women, who indicated improved or impaired health, were interviewed about their working situations. A tentative theoretical model was set up for perceptions of health.
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| 28. |
- Bergström, Gunnar, Professor, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and factor structure of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory--Swedish Language Version (MPI-S).
- 1998
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Ingår i: Pain. - : LWW. - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 75:1, s. 101-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The psychological assessment of chronic pain is often accomplished using questionnaires such as the (West Haven-Yale) Multidimensional Pain Inventory ((WHY)MPI) which is constructed to capture the multidimensionality of chronic pain. The (WHY)MPI theoretically originates from behavioural and cognitive behavioural theories of pain. It is divided into three parts and measures psychosocial and behavioural consequences of pain. This questionnaire has displayed satisfactory psychometric properties and translations of the original English version into German and Dutch have been demonstrated to be reliable and valid. The aim of this study was to test the reliability and factor structure of a Swedish translation of the (WHY)MPI, the MPI-S, and also to test the generalisability of the factor structure found for the (WHY)MPI. We performed analyses of internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha, and carried out a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) employing LISREL-8 on a population of 682 patients suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain. Test-retest analysis was accomplished on a sub-sample of 54 individuals taken from the aforementioned population. For sections 1 and 2 of the MPI-S the overall reliability and stability were good, and after the exclusion of four items, the factor structure was similar to other versions of the MPI. For section 3, despite removal of five questions, the proposed factor structure could not be replicated. This part of the inventory is designed to measure the extent of different types of activities, and our results suggest that this section may only be used for assessing general activity level. We conclude that, with a few adjustments, the analyses yielded satisfactory results for sections 1 and 2 of the MPI-S regarding its factor structure, reliability and generalisability. For section 3 the hypothesised factor structure could not be confirmed.
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| 29. |
- Bjercke, Olav, et al.
(författare)
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Dental fear: A nnew treatment
- 1979
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Ingår i: Rapport från Avdelningen för Oral Diagnostik, Odontologiska kliniken, Göteborgs unniversitet. ; 2:2, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Brahm, Carl-Otto, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Dentists' skills with fearful patients: education and treatment.
- 2013
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - : Wiley. - 1600-0722 .- 0909-8836. ; 121:3 Pt 2, s. 283-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims were to explore dentists' skills in dental fear, current strategies when treating fearful adult patients, and the possible need for additional education among dentists working in Sweden. A sample of 1,293 members of the Association of Public Health Dentists in Sweden were asked to respond to a Web survey concerning dental fear. The response rate was 69% (n = 889); 91% trained in Sweden and 9% trained in another country. The most frequently used pharmacological anxiety-reducing techniques were medication with a midazolame mixture (72%) and benzodiazepine tablets (77%), and the most commonly used psychological techniques were relaxation (68%), distraction (66%), and Tell-Show-Do (86%). A larger proportion of dentists trained in Sweden, compared with dentists who were trained in other countries, reported that they had received undergraduate training in dental fear. Dentists trained in Sweden more often reported competence in pharmacological and psychological anxiety-reducing techniques, compared with dentists who were trained in other countries. Higher levels of self-rated efficacy in treating fearful patients accompanied additional education in dental fear after graduation. In conclusion, Swedish dentists use a variety of techniques to meet the needs of fearful dental patients. Competence in anxiety-reducing techniques is associated with self-efficacy and the site of education.
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| 32. |
- Brahm, Carl-Otto, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Dentists' views on fearful patients. Problems and promises.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 36:2, s. 79-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract A large number of patients treated in the general dental health service in Western countries report dental fear to some degree. Dentists' views of treating these fearful patients are not well described in the literature.Therefore, the aims of the study were to explore dentists' attitudes towards, experience of, and feelings about treating fearful patients. The sample consisted of 1293 members of the Association of Public Health Dentists in Sweden who were asked to respond to a web survey concerning dental fear. The response rate was 69% (n = 889).The majority of the responding dentists stated that dental fear is a problem in routine dental care,treating patients with dental fear is a positive challenge and they felt they were making a contribution.They also reported that treating patients with dental fear is associated with hard work, poor revenues, and little appreciation by employers. Female dentists reported a greater proportion of patients with dental fear and greater self-efficacy regarding the treatment of these patients, compared with their male colleagues. Dentists trained in other EU countries reported stress more often and less perceived contribution when treating fearful patients, compared with colleagues trained in Sweden. CONCLUSION: Dentists' views of treating fearful patients are mainly positive; however, it is problematic that dentists feel stress and that dentists who treat many fearful patients feel their employers do not appreciate their efforts.
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| 33. |
- Brahm, Carl-Otto, et al.
(författare)
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Development and evaluation of the Jönköping Dental Fear Coping Model : a health professional perspective
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 76:5, s. 320-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The purpose of this study was to design a structured treatment model focusing on all levels of adult’s dental fear, the Jönköping Dental Fear Coping Model (DFCM). The aim was to study the DFCM from a dental health professional perspective.Material and methods: The DFCM was studied by means of quantitative and qualitative analyses. Nine dental clinics participated in Period I (pre-intervention/standard care), and 133 dental health professionals (dentists, dental hygienists, dental assistants) and 3088 patients were included. After completion of Period I, four of the clinics were randomized to Period II (intervention), beginning with the professionals undergoing DFCM training. Following that, 51 dental health professionals treated 1417 patients according to the DFCM. The other five clinics served as controls.Results: Half or more of the dental health professionals assessed the model as better than standard care, regarding anamnesis and diagnostics, communication and contact, and understanding of patients and dental fear. The dental health professionals reported higher tension in their fearful patients in Period II compared with Period I, possibly due to their increased awareness of dental fear.Conclusions: The qualitative data suggest that dental health professionals find the DFCM beneficial in routine dental care. The model promotes a holistic approach to the treatment of adult patients. However, stress among the professionals was not reduced when measured, neither quantitatively nor qualitatively. It is important to evaluate the model in further studies to make it possible to draw generalizable conclusions.
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| 34. |
- Brahm, Carl-Otto, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the Jönköping dental fear coping model : a patient perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 77:3, s. 238-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study is a part of a project with the aim to construct and evaluate a structured treatment model (the Jönköping Dental Fear Coping Model, DFCM) for the treatment of dental patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the DFCM from a patient perspective.Material and methods: The study was performed at four Public Dental Clinics, with the same 13 dentists and 14 dental hygienists participating in two treatment periods. In Period I, 1351 patients were included and in Period II, 1417. Standard care was used in Period I, and in Period II the professionals had been trained in and worked according to the DFCM. In the evaluation, the outcome measures were self-rated discomfort, pain and tension, and satisfaction with the professionals.Results: In comparison with standard care, less tension was reported among patients treated according to the DFCM, (p =.041), which was also found among female patients in a subgroup analysis (p =.028). Additional subgroup analyses revealed that patients expecting dental treatment (as opposed to examination only) reported less discomfort (p =.033), pain (p =.016) and tension (p =.012) in Period II than in Period I. Patients with low to moderate dental fear reported less pain in Period II than in Period I (p =.014).Conclusions: The DFCM has several positive effects on adult patients in routine dental care. In a Swedish context, the differences between standard care and treatment according to the model were small but, in part, statistically significant. However, it is important to evaluate the model in further studies to allow generalization to other settings.
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| 35. |
- Carlsson, Sven G., 1935
(författare)
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A method to test muscle tension and awareness
- 1977
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Ingår i: Reports from the Department of Applied Psychology, University of Göteborg, Sweden. ; 2:16, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Carlsson, Sven G., 1935
(författare)
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Behavioral Science Approaches to Dental Clinical Problems
- 1977
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Ingår i: Behavioral science approaches to dental clinical problems. Proceedings of a Seminar on Behaviorally oriented Methods in Dentistry, held at the Dental School in Gothenburg March 28, 1977. Published in Reports from the Department of Applied Psychology, University of Göteborg, Sweden. Sven G Carlsson, ed.. ; 2:8, s. 2-17
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 38. |
- Carlsson, Sven G., 1935, et al.
(författare)
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Biofeedback in the treatment of long-term temporomandibular joint pain: an outcome study.
- 1977
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Ingår i: Biofeedback and self-regulation. - 0363-3586. ; 2:2, s. 161-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eleven patients with long-term pain related to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were trained in tension awareness and relaxation using feedback of muscle tension level in the masseter through a digital display. At a follow-up examination 4-15 months after the termination of treatment, 8 of the 11 patients were totally symptom-free or significantly better; 1 patient was slightly better, and there was no effect for 2 patients. Possible reasons for failure and sex differences are discussed.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Carlsson, Sven G., 1935, et al.
(författare)
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Biofeedback-träning
- 1990
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Ingår i: Nationalencyklopedin, Upplaga 1, Band 2. - Höganäs : Bra Böcker. - 917024619X
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 42. |
- Carlsson, Sven G., 1935, et al.
(författare)
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Comments on the ratsex model
- 1974
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Ingår i: Motivational control systems analysis. DJ McFarland, ed.. - London : Academic Press. - 9780124838604 ; , s. 505-510
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 43. |
- Carlsson, Sven G., 1935, et al.
(författare)
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Dental anxiety - a joint interest for dentists and psychologists.
- 2013
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - : Wiley. - 1600-0722 .- 0909-8836. ; 121:3 Pt 2, s. 221-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This introductory article to the Symposium on Behavioral and Community Dentistry aims to describe the development of research and clinical work on dental anxiety, and includes a discussion of the historical background and the evolution since the 1970s. In view of its pioneering activities in this regard, special focus is placed on research and development at the Institute of Odontology of the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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| 44. |
- Carlsson, Sven G., 1935, et al.
(författare)
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Early mother-child contact and nursing.
- 1980
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Ingår i: Reproduction, nutrition, development. - 0181-1916. ; 20:3B, s. 881-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Carlsson, Sven G., 1935, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of amount of contact between mother and child on the mother's nursing behavior.
- 1978
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Ingår i: Developmental psychobiology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1630. ; 11:2, s. 143-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Short-term effects of different amounts of body contact between mother and newborn on human nursing behavior were studied. Extended contact immediately after parturition was related to an increase in affective components of maternal nursing behavior observed on postpartum Days 2 and 4.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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