| 1. |
- Almstedt, Karin, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Unfolding a folding disease: folding, misfolding and aggregation of the marble brain syndrome-associated mutant H107Y of human carbonic anhydrase II
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Biology. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0022-2836 .- 1089-8638. ; 342:2, s. 619-633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most loss-of-function diseases are caused by aberrant folding of important proteins. These proteins often misfold due to mutations. The disease marble brain syndrome (MBS), known also as carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome (CADS), can manifest in carriers of point mutations in the human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) gene. One mutation associated with MBS entails the His107Tyr substitution. Here, we demonstrate that this mutation is a remarkably destabilizing folding mutation. The loss-of-function is clearly a folding defect, since the mutant shows 64% of CO2 hydration activity compared to that of the wild-type at low temperature where the mutant is folded. On the contrary, its stability towards thermal and guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) denaturation is highly compromised. Using activity assays, CD, fluorescence, NMR, cross-linking, aggregation measurements and molecular modeling, we have mapped the properties of this remarkable mutant. Loss of enzymatic activity had a midpoint temperature of denaturation (Tm) of 16 °C for the mutant compared to 55 °C for the wild-type protein. GuHCl-denaturation (at 4 °C) showed that the native state of the mutant was destabilized by 9.2 kcal/mol. The mutant unfolds through at least two equilibrium intermediates; one novel intermediate that we have termed the molten globule light state and, after further denaturation, the classical molten globule state is populated. Under physiological conditions (neutral pH; 37 °C), the His107Tyr mutant will populate the molten globule light state, likely due to novel interactions between Tyr107 and the surroundings of the critical residue Ser29 that destabilize the native conformation. This intermediate binds the hydrophobic dye 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS) but not as strong as the molten globule state, and near-UV CD reveals the presence of significant tertiary structure. Notably, this intermediate is not as prone to aggregation as the classical molten globule. As a proof of concept for an intervention strategy with small molecules, we showed that binding of the CA inhibitor acetazolamide increases the stability of the native state of the mutant by 2.9 kcal/mol in accordance with its strong affinity. Acetazolamide shifts the Tm to 34 °C that protects from misfolding and will enable a substantial fraction of the enzyme pool to survive physiological conditions.
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| 2. |
- Carlsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Effects on the conformation of FVIIa by sTF and Ca(2+) binding : Studies of fluorescence resonance energy transfer and quenching
- 2011
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 413:4, s. 545-549
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The apparent length of FVIIa in buffer solution was estimated by a FRET analysis. Two fluorescent probes, fluorescein linked to an inhibitor (FPR-chloromethyl ketone) and a rhodamine derivative (tetramethylrhodamine-5-maleimide), were covalently attached to FVIIa. The binding site of fluorescein was in the PD whereas rhodamine was positioned in the Gla domain, thus allowing a length measure over approximately the whole extension of the protein. From the FRET measurements the distances between the two probes were determined to 61.4 for free FVIIa and 65.5 Å for FVIIa bound to the soluble TF (sTF). Thus, the apparent distance from the FRET analysis was shown to increase with 4 Å upon formation of a complex with sTF in solution. However, by considering how protein dynamics, based on recently published molecular dynamics simulations of FVIIa and sTF:FVIIa (Ohkubo et al., 2010 J. Thromb. Haemost. 8, 1044-1053), can influence the apparent fluorescence signal our calculations indicated that the global average conformation of active-site inhibited FVIIa is nearly unaltered upon ligation to sTF. Moreover, it is known that Ca2+ binding leads to activation of FVIIa, and we have for the first time demonstrated conformational changes in the environment of the active site upon Ca2+ binding by direct measurements, previously suggested based on indirect measurements (Persson & Petersen, 1995 Eur. J. Biochem. 234, 293-300). Interestingly, this Ca2+-induced conformational change can be noted even in the presence of an inhibitor. By forming the sTF:FVIIa complex the conformational change of the active site is further developed, leading to a more inaccessible active-site located probe.
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| 3. |
- Carlsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibitors of factor VIIa affect the interface between the protease domain and tissue factor
- 2006
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 349:3, s. 1111-1116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blood coagulation is triggered by the formation of a complex between factor VIIa (FVIIa) and its cofactor, tissue factor (TF). The γ-carboxyglutamic acid-rich domain of FVIIa docks with the C-terminal domain of TF, the EGF1 domain of FVIIa contacts both domains of TF, and the EGF2 domain and protease domain (PD) form a continuous surface that sits on the N-terminal domain of TF. Our aim was to investigate the conformational changes that occur in the sTF·PD binding region when different types of inhibitors, i.e., one active-site inhibitor (FFR-chloromethyl ketone (FFR)), two different peptide exosite inhibitors (E-76 and A-183), and the natural inhibitor tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), were allowed to bind to FVIIa. For this purpose, we constructed two sTF mutants (Q37C and E91C). By the aid of site-directed labeling technique, a fluorescent label was attached to the free cysteine. The sTF·PD interface was affected in position 37 by the binding of FFR, TFPI, and E-76, i.e., a more compact structure was sensed by the probe, while for position 91 located in the same region no change in the surrounding structure was observed. Thus, the active site inhibitors FFR and TFPI, and the exosite inhibitor E-76 have similar effects on the probe in position 37 of sTF, despite their differences in size and inhibition mechanism. The allosteric changes at the active site caused by binding of the exosite inhibitor E-76 in turn induce similar conformational changes in the sTF·PD interface as does the binding of the active site inhibitors. A-183, on the other hand, did not affect position 37 in sTF, indicating that the A-183 inhibition mechanism is different from that of E-76.
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| 4. |
- Carlsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Probing the interface between factor Xa and tissue factor in the quaternary complex tissue factor-factor VIIa-factor Xa-tissue factor pathway inhibitor
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Biochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0014-2956 .- 1432-1033. ; 270:12, s. 2576-2582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blood coagulation is triggered by the formation of a complex between factor VIIa (FVIIa) and its cofactor, tissue factor (TF). TF-FVIIa is inhibited by tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) in two steps: first TFPI is bound to the active site of factor Xa (FXa), and subsequently FXa-TFPI exerts feedback inhibition of TF-FVIIa. The FXa-dependent inhibition of TF-FVIIa activity by TFPI leads to formation of the quaternary complex TF-FVIIa-FXa-TFPI. We used site-directed fluorescence probing to map part of the region of soluble TF (sTF) that interacts with FXa in sTF-FVIIa-FXa-TFPI. We found that the C-terminal region of sTF, including positions 163, 166, 200 and 201, is involved in binding to FXa in the complex, and FXa, most likely via its Gla domain, is also in contact with the Gla domain of FVIIa in this part of the binding region. Furthermore, a region that includes the N-terminal part of the TF2 domain and the C-terminal part of the TF1 domain, i.e. the residues 104 and 197, participates in the interaction with FXa in the quaternary complex. Moreover, comparisons of the interaction areas between sTF and FX(a) in the quaternary complex sTF-FVIIa-FXa-TFPI and in the ternary complexes sTF-FVII-FXa or sTF-FVIIa-FX demonstrated large similarities.
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| 5. |
- Carlsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Site-directed fluorescence probing to dissect the calcium-dependent association between soluble tissue factor and factor VIIa domains
- 2003
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Proteins and Proteomics. - 1570-9639 .- 1878-1454. ; 1648:1-2, s. 12-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have used the site-directed labeling approach to study the Ca 2+-dependent docking of factor VIIa (FVIIa) to soluble tissue factor (sTF). Nine Ca2+ binding sites are located in FVIIa and even though their contribution to the overall binding between TF and FVIIa has been thoroughly studied, their importance for local protein-protein interactions within the complex has not been determined. Specifically we have monitored the association of the ?-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla), the first EGF-like (EGF1), and the protease domains (PD) of FVIIa to sTF. Our results revealed that complex formation between sTF and FVIIa during Ca2+ titration is initiated upon Ca2+ binding to EGF1, the domain containing the site of highest Ca2+ affinity. Besides we showed that a Ca 2+-loaded Gla domain is required for an optimal association of all domains of FVIIa to sTF. Ca2+ binding to the PD seems to be of some importance for the docking of this domain to sTF. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Osterlund, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Probing inhibitor-induced conformational changes along the interface between tissue factor and factor VIIa
- 2001
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 40:31, s. 9324-9328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Upon injury of a blood vessel, activated factor VII (FVIIa) forms a high-affinity complex with its allosteric regulator, tissue factor (TF), and initiates blood clotting. Active site-inhibited factor VIIa (FVIIai) binds to TF with even higher affinity. We compared the interactions of FVIIai and FVIIa with soluble TF (sTF). Six residues in sTF were individually selected for mutagenesis and site-directed labeling. The residues are distributed along the extensive binding interface, and were chosen because they are known to interact with the different domains of FVIIa. Fluorescent and spin probes were attached to engineered Cys residues to monitor local changes in hydrophobicity, accessibility, and rigidity in the sTF-FVIIa complex upon occupation of the active site of FVIIa. The results show that inhibition of FVIIa caused the structures around the positions in sTF that interact with the protease domain of FVIIa to become more rigid and less accessible to solvent. Thus, the presence of an active site inhibitor renders the interface in this region less flexible and more compact, whereas the interface between sTF and the light chain of FVIIa is unaffected by active site occupancy.
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| 7. |
- Wirehn, J., et al.
(författare)
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Activity, folding, misfolding, and aggregation in vitro of the naturally occurring human tissue factor mutant R200W
- 2005
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 44:18, s. 6755-6763
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tissue factor (TF), a small transmembrane receptor, binds factor VIIa (FVIIa), and the formed complex initiates blood coagulation by proteolytic activation of substrate factors IX and X. A naturally occurring mutation in the human TF gene was recently reported, where a single-base substitution results in an R200W mutation in the TF extracellular domain [Zawadzki, C., Preudhomme, C., Gavériaux, V., Amouyel, P., and Jude, B. (2002) Thromb. Haemost. 87, 540-541]. This mutation appears to be associated with low monocyte TF expression and may protect against thrombosis but has not been associated with any pathological condition, and individuals who present the heterozygous trait appear healthy. Here, we report the activity, folding, and aggregation behavior of the R200W mutant of the 219-residue soluble extracellular domain of TF (sTFR200W) compared to that of the wild-type protein (sTF wt). No differences in stability or FVIIa cofactor activity but an impaired ability to promote FX activation at physiological conditions between the sTFR200W mutant and sTFwt were evident. Increased binding of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene-sulfonic acid (ANS) to sTFR200W indicated a population of partially folded intermediates during denaturation. sTFR200W showed a dramatically increased propensity for aggregate formation compared to sTFwt at mildly acidic pHs, with an increased rate of aggregation during conditions, promoting the intermediate state. The lowered pH resistance could explain the loss of sTFR200W in vivo because of aggregation of the mutant. The intrinsic structure of the sTF aggregates appears reminiscent of amyloid fibrils, as revealed by thioflavin T fluorescence, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. We conclude that the lowered activity for FX activation and the propensity of the mutant protein to misfold and aggregate will both contribute to decreased coagulation activity in TFR200W carriers, which could protect from thrombotic disease. © 2005 American Chemical Society.
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| 8. |
- Alam, M.T., et al.
(författare)
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The importance of being knotted : Effects of the C-terminal knot structure on enzymatic and mechanical properties of bovine carbonic anhydrase II1
- 2002
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Ingår i: FEBS Letters. - 0014-5793 .- 1873-3468. ; 519:1-3, s. 35-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to better understand the contribution of the knotted folding pattern to the enzymatic and mechanical properties of carbonic anhydrases, we replaced Gln-253 of bovine carbonic anhydrase II with Cys, which allowed us to measure the mechanical strength of the protein against tensile deformation by avoiding knot tightening. The expressed protein, to our surprise, turned out to contain two conformational isomers, one capable of binding an enzymatic inhibitor and the other not, which led to their separation through affinity chromatography. In near- and far-UV circular dichroism and fluorescence spectra, the separated conformers were very similar to each other and to the wild-type enzyme, indicating that they both had native-like conformations. We describe new evidence which supports the notion that the difference between the two conformers is likely to be related to the completeness of the C-terminal knot formation. © 2002 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Almstedt, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Small-Molecule Suppression of Misfolding of Mutated Human Carbonic Anhydrase II Linked to Marble Brain Disease
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 48:23, s. 5358-5364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome or Marble brain disease (MBD) is caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) gene. Here we report a small-molecule stabilization study of the exceptionally destabilized HCA II mutant H107Y employing inhibitors based on p-aminobenzoyisulfonamide compounds and 1,3,4-thiadiazolylsulfonamides as well as amino acid activators. Protein stability assays showed a significant stabilization by the aromatic sulfonamide inhibitors when present at 10 mu M concentration, providing shifts of the midpoint of thermal denaturation between 10 degrees C and 16 degrees C and increasing the free energies of denaturation 0.5-3.0 kcal/mol as deduced from GuHCl denaturation. This study could be used as a starting point for the design of small-molecule folding modulators and possibly autoactivatable molecules for suppression of misfolding of destabilized HCA II mutants.
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| 11. |
- Almstedt, Karin, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Thermodynamic interrogation of a folding disease. Mutant mapping of position 107 in human carbonic anhydrase II linked to marble brain disease.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - Washington : ACS. - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 47:5, s. 1288-1298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marble brain disease (MBD) also known as Guibaud−Vainsel syndrome is caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) gene. HCA II is a 259 amino acid single domain enzyme and is dominated by a 10-stranded β-sheet. One mutation associated with MBD entails the H107Y substitution where H107 is a highly conserved residue in the carbonic anhydrase protein family. We have previously demonstrated that the H107Y mutation is a remarkably destabilizing folding mutation [Almstedt et al. (2004) J. Mol. Biol. 342, 619−633]. Here, the exceptional destabilization by the H107Y mutation has been further investigated. A mutational survey of position H107 and a neighboring conserved position E117 has been performed entailing the mutants H107A, H107F, H107N, E117A and the double mutants H107A/E117A and H107N/E117A. All mutants were severely destabilized versus GuHCl and heat denaturation. Thermal denaturation and GuHCl phase diagram and ANS analyses showed that the mutants shifted HCA II toward populating ensembles of intermediates of molten globule type under physiological conditions. The native state stability of the mutants was in the following order: wt > H107N > E117A > H107A > H107F > H107Y > H107N/E117A > H107A/E117A. In conclusion: (i) H107N is least destabilizing likely due to compensatory H-bonding ability of the introduced Asn residue. (ii) Double mutant cycles surprisingly reveal additive destabilization of H107N and E117A showing that H107 and E117 are independently stabilizing the folded protein. (iii) H107Y and H107F are exceptionally destabilizing due to bulkiness of the side chains whereas H107A is more accommodating, indicating long-range destabilizing effects of the natural pathogenic H107Y mutation.
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| 12. |
- Andersson, D., et al.
(författare)
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Cofactor-induced refolding : Refolding of molten globule carbonic anhydrase induced by Zn(II) and Co(II)
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 40:9, s. 2653-2661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The stability versus unfolding to the molten globule intermediate of bovine carbonic anhydrase II (BCA II) in guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) was found to depend on the metal ion cofactor [Zn(II) or Co(II)], and the apoenzyme was observed to be least stable. Therefore, it was possible to find a denaturant concentration (1.2 M GuHCl) at which refolding from the molten globule to the native state could be initiated merely by adding the metal ion to the apo molten globule. Thus, refolding could be performed without changing the concentration of the denaturant. The molten globule intermediate of BCA II could still bind the metal cofactor. Cofactor-effected refolding from the molten globule to the native state can be summarized as follows: (1) initially, the metal ion binds to the molten globule, (2) compaction of the metal-binding site region is then induced by the metal ion binding, (3) a functioning active center is formed, and (4) finally, the native tertiary structure is generated in the outer parts of the protein.
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Dick, et al.
(författare)
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Contribution of tryptophan residues to the CD spectrum of the extracellular domain of human tissue factor : Application in folding studies and prediction of secondary structure
- 2001
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Biochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0014-2956 .- 1432-1033. ; 268:4, s. 1118-1128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The contribution to the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum made by each of the four Trp residues in the extracellular domain of human tissue factor, sTF (s designates soluble), was determined from difference CD spectra. The individual Trp CD spectra showed that all four residues contributed to the CD spectrum in almost the entire wavelength region investigated (180-305 nm). The sum of the individual spectra of each Trp residue in the near-UV region was qualitatively identical to the wild-type spectrum, clearly demonstrating that the Trp residues are the major contributors to the spectrum in this wavelength region. Trp CD bands interfere with the peptide bands in the far-UV region, leading to uncertainty in the predictions of the amounts of various types of secondary structure. Accordingly, the best prediction of secondary sTF structure content was achieved using a hypothetical Trp-free CD spectrum obtained after subtraction of all individual Trp spectra from the wild-type spectrum. The mutated Trp residues were also exploited as intrinsic probes to monitor the formation of local native-like tertiary structure by kinetic near-UV CD measurements. The global folding reaction was followed in parallel with a novel functional assay that registered the recovery of cofactor activity, i.e. stimulation of the amidolytic activity of Factor VIIa. From these measurements, it was found that sTF appears to regain FVIIa cofactor activity before the final side-chain packing of the Trp residues. The combined kinetic refolding results suggest that the compact asymmetric environments of the individual Trp residues in sTF are formed simultaneously, leading to the conclusion that the native tertiary structure of the whole protein is formed in a cooperative manner.
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| 14. |
- Asplund, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Soil Peroxidase-Mediated Chlorination of Fulvic Acid
- 1991
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Ingår i: Humic substances in the aquatic and terrestrial environment : proceedings of an international symposium, Linköping, Sweden, August 21-23, 1989. - Berlin Heidelberg New York : Springer. - 3540537023 ; , s. 474-483
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humic matter has recently been shown to contain considerable quantities of naturally produced organohalogens. The present study investigated the possibility of a non-specific, enzymatically mediated halogenation of organic matter in soil. The results showed that, in the presence of chloride and hydrogen peroxide, the enzyme chloroperox1dase (CPO) from the fungus Caldariomyces fumago catalyzes chlorination of fulvic acid. At pH 2.5 - 6.0, the chlorine to fulvic acid ratio in the tested sample was elevated from 12 mg/g to approximately 40-50 mg/g. It was also shown that this reaction can take place at chloride and hydrogen peroxide concentrations found in the environment. An extract from spruce forest soil was shown to have a measurable chlorinating capacity. The activity of an extract of 0.5 kg soil corresponded to approximately 0.3 enzyme units, measured as CPO activity. Enzymatically mediated halogenation of humic substances may be one of the mechanisms explaining the w1despread occurrence of adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) in soil and water.
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| 15. |
- Babu Moparthi, Satish, et al.
(författare)
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Differential conformational modulations of MreB folding upon interactions with GroEL/ES and TRiC chaperonin components
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 6:28386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we study and compare the mechanisms of action of the GroEL/GroES and the TRiC chaperonin systems on MreB client protein variants extracted from E. coli. MreB is a homologue to actin in prokaryotes. Single-molecule fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and time-resolved fluorescence polarization anisotropy report the binding interaction of folding MreB with GroEL, GroES and TRiC. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements on MreB variants quantified molecular distance changes occurring during conformational rearrangements within folding MreB bound to chaperonins. We observed that the MreB structure is rearranged by a binding-induced expansion mechanism in TRiC, GroEL and GroES. These results are quantitatively comparable to the structural rearrangements found during the interaction of beta-actin with GroEL and TRiC, indicating that the mechanism of chaperonins is conserved during evolution. The chaperonin-bound MreB is also significantly compacted after addition of AMP-PNP for both the GroEL/ES and TRiC systems. Most importantly, our results showed that GroES may act as an unfoldase by inducing a dramatic initial expansion of MreB (even more than for GroEL) implicating a role for MreB folding, allowing us to suggest a delivery mechanism for GroES to GroEL in prokaryotes.
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| 16. |
- Babu Moparthi, Satish, et al.
(författare)
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Transient conformational remodeling of folding proteins by GroES - Individually and in concert with GroEL
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of chemical biology. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1864-6158 .- 1864-6166. ; 7:1, s. 1-15
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The commonly accepted dogma of the bacterial GroE chaperonin system entails protein folding mediated by cycles of several ATP-dependent sequential steps where GroEL interacts with the folding client protein. In contrast, we herein report GroES-mediated dynamic remodeling (expansion and compression) of two different protein substrates during folding: the endogenous substrate MreB and carbonic anhydrase (HCAII), a well-characterized protein folding model. GroES was also found to influence GroEL binding induced unfolding and compression of the client protein underlining the synergistic activity of both chaperonins, even in the absence of ATP. This previously unidentified activity by GroES should have important implications for understanding the chaperonin mechanism and cellular stress response. Our findings necessitate a revision of the GroEL/ES mechanism.
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| 17. |
- Borén, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid ion-exchange chromatography for preparative separation of proteins IV. Application to bovine carbonic anhydrase III from skeletal muscle
- 1991
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 588:1-2, s. 139-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bovine muscle carbonic anhydrase III was purified to homogeneity by the strategy of rapid ion-exchange chromatography. The ionic exchanger used was CM-cellulose, and this is the first application of this technique on a cation exchanger. Nitrogen gas was used to pressurize the chromatographic column to accelerate the elution. The results show that proteins with high isoelectric points can also be purified in this way. The procedure is very time-saving compared with conventional chromatography, reducing the elution time five-to ten-fold. The proteins are in addition protected against oxidation by air.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Carlsson, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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Conjugate chemistry and cellular processing of EGF-dextran
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 38:3, s. 313-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conjugates with specific binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR, of interest for radionuclide based imaging and therapy were prepared using mouse epidermal growth factor, mEGF, and dextran. In one type of conjugate, mEGF was coupled to dextran by reductive amination in which the free amino group on the mEGF N-terminal reacted with the aldehyde group on the reductive end of dextran. The end-end coupled conjugate could be further activated by the cyanopyridinium agent CDAP, thereby introducing tyrosines to the dextran part. In the other type of conjugate, the cyanylating procedure using CDAP was applied, first to activate dextran and then allowing for the amino terminus of mEGF to randomly attach to the dextran. In the latter case, radionuclide-labelled tyrosines or glycines could be added in the same conjugation step. All types of mEGF-dextran conjugates had EGFR-specific binding since the binding could be displaced by an excess of non-radioactive mEGF. The conjugates were to a large extent internalized in the test cells and the associated radioactivity was retained intracellularly for different times depending on both the type of cells and conjugate applied. Different intracellular 'traffic routes' for the radionuclides are discussed as well as applications for both imaging and therapy.
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| 20. |
- Carlsson, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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EGFR-expression in primary urinary bladder cancer and corresponding metastases and the relation to HER2-expression. On the possibility to target these receptors with radionuclides
- 2015
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Ingår i: Radiology and Oncology. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1318-2099 .- 1581-3207. ; 49:1, s. 50-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. There is limited effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors or "naked" antibodies binding EGFR or HER2 for therapy of metastasized urinary bladder canter and these methods are therefore not routinely used. Targeting radionuclides to the extracellular domain of the receptors is potentially a better possibility. Methods. EGFR- and HER2-expression was analyzed for primary tumors and corresponding metastases from 72 patients using immunohistochemistry and the internationally recommended HercepTest. Intracellular mutations were not analyzed since only the receptors were considered as targets and intracellular abnormalities should have minor effect on radiation dose. Results. EGFR was positive in 71% of the primary tumors and 69% of corresponding metastases. Local and distant metastases were EGFR-positive in 75% and 66% of the cases, respectively. The expression frequency of HER2 in related lesions was slightly higher (data from previous study). The EGFR-positive tumors expressed EGFR in metastases in 86% of the cases. The co-expression of EGFR and HER2 was 57% for tumors and 53% for metastases. Only 3% and 10% of the lesions were negative for both receptors in tumors and metastases, respectively. Thus, targeting these receptors with radionuclides might be applied for most patients. Conclusions. At least one of the EGFR- or HER2-receptors was present in most cases and co-expressed in more than half the cases. It is therefore interesting to deliver radionuclides for whole-body receptor-analysis, dosimetry and therapy. This can hopefully compensate for resistance to other therapies and more patients can hopefully be treated with curative instead of palliative intention.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Forsberg, Ole, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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High frequency of prostate antigen-directed T cells in cancer patients compared to healthy age-matched individuals
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Prostate. - : Wiley. - 0270-4137 .- 1097-0045. ; 69:1, s. 70-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND. In order to obtain a sustained cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against cancer cells it is preferable to have CTLs directed against multiple peptide epitopes from numerous tumor-associated antigens. METHODS. We used a flow cytometry-based interferon (IFN)-g secretion assay to analyze whether CD8+ T cells directed against any of 24 HLA-A*0201-binding peptides from 15 prostate-associated proteins can be found in the peripheral blood of patients with localized prostate cancer. We also investigated whether multiple prostate antigen-specific CD8+ T cells can be generated simultaneously, from a naïve T cell repertoire. In that case, dendritic cells (DCs) from peripheral blood of healthy donors were divided in six portions and separately pulsed with six peptides. The peptide-pulsed DCs were then pooled and used to stimulate autologous T cells. The T cells were re-stimulated with peptide-pulsed monocytes. RESULTS. We found prostate antigen-restricted CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood in 48 out of 184 (26.1%) analyzed samples from 25 cancer patients. This is significantly higher than 17 out of 214 analyzed samples (7.9%) from 10 healthy age-matched male individuals (p = 0.0249). In the cases when antigen-specific T cells could not be detected, we were able to generate IFN-g-producing CD8+ T cells specific for up to three prostate antigens simultaneously from a naïve T cell repertoire. CONCLUSIONS. CD8+ T cells directed against prostate antigen peptides can be found in, or generated from, peripheral blood. This indicates that such T cells could be expanded ex vivo for adoptive transfer to prostate cancer patients.
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| 24. |
- Grankvist, Hannah, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Reshaping the folding energy landscape by chloride salt : Impact on molten-globule formation and aggregation behavior of carbonic anhydrase
- 2004
-
Ingår i: FEBS Letters. - : Wiley. - 0014-5793 .- 1873-3468. ; 566:1-3, s. 95-99
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During chemical denaturation different intermediate states are populated or suppressed due to the nature of the denaturant used. Chemical denaturation by guanidine-HCl (GuHCl) of human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) leads to a three-state unfolding process (Cm,NI=1.0 and Cm,IU=1.9 M GuHCl) with formation of an equilibrium molten-globule intermediate that is stable at moderate concentrations of the denaturant (1-2 M) with a maximum at 1.5 M GuHCl. On the contrary, urea denaturation gives rise to an apparent two-state unfolding transition (Cm=4.4 M urea). However, 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) binding and decreased refolding capacity revealed the presence of the molten globule in the middle of the unfolding transition zone, although to a lesser extent than in GuHCl. Cross-linking studies showed the formation of moderate oligomer sized (300 kDa) and large soluble aggregates (>1000 kDa). Inclusion of 1.5 M NaCl to the urea denaturant to mimic the ionic character of GuHCl leads to a three-state unfolding behavior (Cm,NI=3.0 and Cm,IU=6.4 M urea) with a significantly stabilized molten-globule intermediate by the chloride salt. Comparisons between NaCl and LiCl of the impact on the stability of the various states of HCA II in urea showed that the effects followed what could be expected from the Hofmeister series, where Li+ is a chaotropic ion leading to decreased stability of the native state. Salt addition to the completely urea unfolded HCA II also led to an aggregation prone unfolded state, that has not been observed before for carbonic anhydrase. Refolding from this state only provided low recoveries of native enzyme. © 2004 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Gårdmark, Truls, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of HER2 expression in primary urinary bladder carcinoma and corresponding metastases
- 2005
-
Ingår i: BJU International. - 1464-4096 .- 1464-410X. ; 95:7, s. 982-986
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the expression of HER2 receptors (previously reported to be over-expressed in malignant urothelium) in both primary tumours and metastases of transitional cell cancer, using two different staining methods and two different scoring techniques, considering the potential use of these receptors as targets for planned systemic anti-HER2 nuclide-based treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HER2 expression was evaluated with two different immunohistochemical methods in 90 patients with primary urinary bladder cancer tumours and corresponding metastases. Sections were first stained with the commercially available breast cancer test kit (HercepTest, Dako, Glostrup, Denmark). Parallel sections were then stained with a modified HercepTest procedure. Two different evaluation criteria were compared; the HercepTest score that requires > or = 10% stained tumour cells (as for breast cancer) and a proposed 'Target score' that requires > 67% stained tumour cells. The latter score is assumed to be preferable for HER2-targeted radionuclide therapy. RESULTS: Using the HercepTest kit, the Target score gave lower fractions of positive primary tumours and metastases than the HercepTest score. The modified HercepTest staining procedure and Target score gave high HER2 values in 80% of primary tumours and 62% of metastases, which is considerably more than that obtained with the HercepTest staining and score. There was a significant decrease in HER2 positivity with increasing distance from the primary tumour. In nine sentinel-node metastases assessed, all but one were HER2-positive. Considering all regional metastases, 74% were positive, and of distant metastases, 47%; 72% of the patients with positive primary tumours also expressed HER2 in their metastases. CONCLUSIONS: When combining the modified HercepTest with customised evaluation criteria, more HER2-positive tumours were diagnosed. The degree of HER2 down-regulation was significantly higher in distant than in regional metastases. HER2-targeted therapy may be an alternative or complementary to other methods in the future treatment of metastatic urinary bladder carcinoma.
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| 27. |
- Gårdmark, Truls, 1965-
(författare)
-
Urinary Bladder Carcinoma – Studies of Outcome of Current Management and Experimental Therapy
- 2006
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis concerns the epidemiology, current and possible future treatment of urothelial cancer of the urinary bladder. The Swedish National Quality Registry for Bladder Cancer 1997-2001 was used to explore epidemiology, current therapies and outcome. More common in men, the incidence for Ta and T1 tumours peaks in the age range 70-79 years. There were differences in treatment activity between the reporting regions. An increasing activity was seen. Older patients received less intravesical treatment, which was also a tendency for women. The five year relative survival for all stages (Ta-T4) was 70%; 93% for Ta and 75% for T1. For Ta or T1 survival did not differ significantly between regions. Because the registry has only been running since 1997 a long term follow-up (ten years) of 250 patients comparing Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and Mitomycin-C, was performed. No differences regarding complementary treatment, progression or survival (overall or disease specific) were shown. Looking for new drugs, gemcitabine was tried for intravesical instillations. Patients were randomised to one of three dose schedules. The effect on a marker tumour lesion was evaluated after nine weeks. The overall complete response rate was 31% (9/29). Side effects were more common in women but generally mild; the most common was nausea. One patient stopped instillations (nausea and fever). No patients were excluded due to pathological changes in laboratory parameters. For metastasised disease, over-expression of the growth factor receptor HER2 on urothelial cancer cells was explored in primary tumours and metastases, aiming at radionuclide target therapy. With a new antigen retrieval procedure and evaluation protocol 80% of primary tumours overexpressed the receptor and 72% remained so in the metastases. In conclusion current therapies were increasingly used by clinicians. Superiority for BCG could not be proven. Prerequisites for new therapies have been explored and the way has been paved for future studies.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Hammarström, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
High-resolution probing of local conformational changes in proteins by the use of multiple labeling : Unfolding and self-assembly of human carbonic anhydrase II monitored by spin, fluorescent, and chemical reactivity probes
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Biophysical Journal. - 0006-3495 .- 1542-0086. ; 80:6, s. 2867-2885
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two different spin labels, N-(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrrolidinyl)iodoacetamide (IPSL) and (1-oxyl-2.2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-3-methyl) methanethiosulfonate (MTSSL), and two different fluorescent labels 5-((((2-iodoacetyl)amino)ethyl)amino)naphtalene-1 -sulfonic acid (IAEDANS) and 6-bromoacetyl-2-dimetylaminonaphtalene (BADAN), were attached to the introduced C79 in human carbonic anhydrase (HCA II) to probe local structural changes upon unfolding and aggregation, HCA II unfolds in a multi-step manner with an intermediate state populated between the native and unfolded states. The spin label IPSL and the fluorescent label IAEDANS reported on a substantial change in mobility and polarity at both unfolding transitions at a distance of 7.4-11.2 Angstrom from the backbone of position 79. The shorter and less flexible labels BADAN and MTSSL revealed less pronounced spectroscopic changes in the native-to-intermediate transition, 6.6-9.0 Angstrom from the backbone. At intermediate guanidine (Gu)-HCl concentrations the occurrence of soluble but irreversibly aggregated oligomeric protein was identified from refolding experiments. At similar to1 M Gu-HCl the aggregation was found to be essentially complete. The size and structure of the aggregates could be varied by changing the protein concentration. EPR measurements and line-shape simulations together with fluorescence lifetime and anisotropy measurements provided a picture of the self-assembled protein as a disordered protein structure with a representation of both compact as well as dynamic and polar environments at the site of the molecular labels. This suggests that a partially folded intermediate of HCA II self-assembles by both local unfolding and intermolecular docking of the intermediates vicinal to position 79. The aggregates were determined to be 40-90 Angstrom in diameter depending on the experimental conditions and spectroscopic technique used.
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| 30. |
- Hammarström, Per, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Is the unfolded state the Rosetta Stone of the protein folding problem?
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 276:2, s. 393-398
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solving the protein folding problem is one of the most challenging tasks in the post genomic era. Identification of folding-initiation sites is very important in order to understand the protein folding mechanism. Detection of residual structure in unfolded proteins can yield important clues to the initiation sites in protein folding. A substantial number of studied proteins possess residual structure in hydrophobic regions clustered together in the protein core. These stable structures can work as seeds in the folding process. In addition, local preferences for secondary structure in the form of turns for ▀-sheet initiation and helical turns for a-helix formation can guide the folding reaction. In this respect the unfolded states, studied at increasing structural resolution, can be the Rosetta Stone of the protein folding problem. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
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| 31. |
- Hammarström, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Protein compactness measured by fluorescence resonance energy transfer - Human carbonic anhydrase II Is considerably expanded by the interaction of GroEL
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 276:24, s. 21765-21775
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nine single-cysteine mutants were labeled with 5-(2-iodoacetylaminoethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid, an efficient acceptor of Trp fluorescence in fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The ratio between the fluorescence intensity of the 5-(2-acetylaminoethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (AEDANS) moiety excited at 295 nm (Trp absorption) and 350 nn (direct AEDANS absorption) was used to estimate the average distances between the seven Trp residues in human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) and the AEDANS label, Guanidine HCl denaturation of the HCA II variants was also performed to obtain a curve that reflected the compactness of the protein at various stages of the unfolding, which could serve as a scale of the expansion of the protein. This approach was developed in this study and was used to estimate the compactness of HCA II during heat denaturation and interaction with GroEL, It was shown that thermally induced unfolding of HCA II proceeded only to the molten globule state. Reaching this state was sufficient to allow HCA II to bind to GroEL, and the volume of the molten globule intermediate increased similar to2.2-fold compared with that of the native state. GroEL-bound HCA II expands to a volume three to four times that of the native state (to similar to 117,000 Angstrom (3)), which correlates well with a stretched and loosened-up HCA II molecule in an enlarged GroEL cavity, Recently, we found that HCA II binding causes such an inflation of the GroEL molecule, and this probably represents the mechanism by which GroEL actively stretches its protein substrates apart (Hammarstrom, P., Persson, M., Owenius, R., Lindgren, M., and Carlsson, U. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 22832-22838), thereby facilitating rearrangement of misfolded structure.
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| 32. |
- Hammarström, Per, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Protein substrate binding induces conformational changes in the chaperonin GroEL : A suggested mechanism for unfoldase activity
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 275:30, s. 22832-22838
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chaperonins are molecules that assist proteins during folding and protect them from irreversible aggregation. We studied the chaperonin GroEL and its interaction with the enzyme human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II), which induces unfolding of the enzyme. We focused on conformational changes that occur in GroEL during formation of the GroEL-HCA II complex. We measured the rate of GroEL cysteine reactivity toward iodo[2-(14)C]acetic acid and found that the cysteines become more accessible during binding of a cysteine free mutant of HCA II. Spin labeling of GroEL with N-(1-oxy1-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrrolidinyl)iodoacetamide revealed that this additional binding occurred because buried cysteine residues become accessible during HCA II binding. In addition, a GroEL variant labeled with 6-iodoacetamidofluorescein exhibited decreased fluorescence anisotropy upon HCA II binding, which resembles the effect of GroES/ATP binding. Furthermore, by producing cysteine-modified GroEL with the spin label N-(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrrolidinyl)iodoacetamide and the fluorescent label 5-((((2-iodoacetyl)amino)ethyl)amino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid, we detected increases in spin-label mobility and fluorescence intensity in GroEL upon HCA II binding. Together, these results show that conformational changes occur in the chaperonin as a consequence of protein substrate binding. Together with previous results on the unfoldase activity of GroEL, we suggest that the chaperonin opens up as the substrate protein binds. This opening mechanism may induce stretching of the protein, which would account for reported unfoldase activity of GroEL and might explain how GroEL can actively chaperone proteins larger than HCA II.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Karabencheva-Christova, Tatyana G, et al.
(författare)
-
Conformational Effects on the Circular Dichroism of Human Carbonic Anhydrase II : A Multilevel Computational Study
- 2013
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 8:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is a powerful method for investigating conformational changes in proteins and therefore has numerous applications in structural and molecular biology. Here a computational investigation of the CD spectrum of the Human Carbonic Anhydrase II (HCAII), with main focus on the near-UV CD spectra of the wild-type enzyme and it seven tryptophan mutant forms, is presented and compared to experimental studies. Multilevel computational methods (Molecular Dynamics, Semiempirical Quantum Mechanics, Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory) were applied in order to gain insight into the mechanisms of interaction between the aromatic chromophores within the protein environment and understand how the conformational flexibility of the protein influences these mechanisms. The analysis suggests that combining CD semi empirical calculations, crystal structures and molecular dynamics (MD) could help in achieving a better agreement between the computed and experimental protein spectra and provide some unique insight into the dynamic nature of the mechanisms of chromophore interactions.
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| 37. |
- Karlsson, Martin, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Adsorption at the liquid-solid Interface - Influence of protein stability on conformational changes
- 2007. - 2
-
Ingår i: Encyclopedia of surfaces and colloid science. - : Taylor & Francis. - 9780849396090
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protein adsorption has large implications in a variety of fields and can be both a problem and an asset. Most often protein adsorption is accompanied by structural changes in the adsorbed protein. The degree and rate of these changes are dependent on the surface, conditions during adsorption and experimental set up as well as of intrinsic properties of the protein. The effect of conformational changes influences both practical applications and experimental results in studies of protein adsorption at the liquid/solid interface. The intrinsic property of the protein that is most instrumental for conformational changes upon adsorption is the stability of the protein. Hence, large efforts have been directed towards analysis of how both the nature of surfaces and conditions influence the stability of proteins upon adsorption. Less work has been focused on the reversed view, i.e. how the stability of proteins influences adsorption, the rate and degree of the subsequent conformational changes as well as the effects of these changes. However, the increasing use of proteins in a variety of medical and biotechnological applications requires a deeper knowledge of the importance and effects of stabilizing interactions in the protein structure. Engineered stabilized proteins that are less affected by surface interactions should be of potential use for various practical purposes.
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| 38. |
- Karlsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Adsorption of human carbonic anhydrase II variants to silica nanoparticles occur stepwise : binding is followed by successive conformational changes to a molten-globule-like state
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 16:22, s. 8470-8479
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The surface adsorption behavior of protein variants of the enzyme human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) to silica nanoparticles has been investigated. Various destabilized mutants were produced by site-directed mutagenesis of amino acids located in the interior of the protein. The silica particles induced a molten-globule-like state in all of the variants. All protein variants initially adsorbed to the particles, and then underwent conformational rearrangements in a stepwise manner, as indicated by the loss of activity and the subsequent loss of tertiary structure. Activity, CD, and ANS fluorescence measurements showed that a decrease in the global stability of the protein is strongly correlated to increased rates of conformational change following particle adsorption. In contrast to unfolding processes induced by chemical denaturants or heat, in the transition to the molten-globule-like state induced by the silica particles, the active site region unfolds before the majority of the tertiary interactions are broken.
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| 39. |
- Karlsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Circumnavigating misfolding traps in the energy landscape through protein engineering : suppression of molten globule and aggregation in carbonic anhydrase
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 43:21, s. 6803-6807
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The native state of the enzyme human carbonic anhydrase (HCA II) has been stabilized by the introduction of a disulfide bond, the oxidized A23C/L203C mutant. This stabilized protein variant undergoes an apparent two-state unfolding process with suppression of the otherwise stable equilibrium, molten-globule intermediate, which is normally very prone to aggregation. Stopped-flow measurements also showed that lower amounts of the transiently occurring molten globule were formed during refolding. This led to a markedly lowered tendency for aggregation during equilibrium denaturing conditions and, more importantly, to significantly higher reactivation yields upon refolding of the fully denatured protein. Thus, a general strategy to circumvent aggregation during the refolding of proteins could be to stabilize the native state of a protein at the expense of partially folded intermediates, thereby shifting the unfolding behavior from a three-state process to a two-state one.
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| 40. |
- Karlsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Denaturant-assisted formation of a stabilizing disulfide bridge from engineered cysteines in nonideal conformations
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 44:9, s. 3487-3493
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The engineered disulfide bridge A23C/L203C in human carbonic anhydrase II, inserted from homology modeling of Neisseria gonorrhoeae carbonic anhydrase, significantly stabilizes the native state of the protein. The inserted cysteine residues are placed in the interior of the structure, and because of the conformationally restrained localization, the protein is expressed in the reduced state and the cysteines are not readily oxidized. However, upon exposure to low concentrations of denaturant (0.6 M guanidine hydrochloride), corresponding to the lower part of the denaturation curve for the first unfolding transition, the oxidation rate of correctly formed disulfide bridges was markedly increased. By entropy estimations it appears that the increased flexibility, induced by the denaturant, enables the cysteines to find each other and hence to form the disulfide bridge. The outlined strategy of facilitating formation of disulfide bonds by addition of adjusted concentrations of a denaturant should be applicable to other proteins in which engineered cysteine residues are located in nonideal conformations. Moreover, a S99C/V242C variant was constructed, in which the cysteine residues are located on the surface. In this mutant the disulfide bridge was spontaneously formed and the native state was considerably stabilized (midpoint concentration of unfolding was increased from 1.0 to 1.4 M guanidine hydrochloride).
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| 41. |
- Karlsson, Martin, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Protein adsorption orientation in the light of fluorescent probes : mapping of the interaction between site-directly labeled human carbonic anhydrase II and silica nanoparticles
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Biophysical Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3495 .- 1542-0086. ; 88:5, s. 3536-3544
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about the direction and specificity of protein adsorption to solid surfaces, a knowledge that is of great importance in many biotechnological applications. To resolve the direction in which a protein with known structure and surface potentials binds to negatively charged silica nanoparticles, fluorescent probes were attached to different areas on the surface of the protein human carbonic anhydrase II. By this approach it was clearly demonstrated that the adsorption of the native protein is specific to limited regions at the surface of the N-terminal domain of the protein. Furthermore, the adsorption direction is strongly pH-dependent. At pH 6.3, a histidine-rich area around position 10 is the dominating adsorption region. At higher pH values, when the histidines in this area are deprotonated, the protein is also adsorbed by a region close to position 37, which contains several lysines and arginines. Clearly the adsorption is directed by positively charged areas on the protein surface toward the negatively charged silica surface at conditions when specific binding occurs.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Karlsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Reduction of irreversible protein adsorption on solid surfaces by protein engineering for increased stability
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 280:27, s. 25558-25564
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of protein stability on the adsorption and desorption behavior to surfaces with fundamentally different properties (negatively charged, positively charged, hydrophilic, and hydrophobic) was examined by surface plasmon resonance measurements. Three engineered variants of human carbonic anhydrase II were used that have unchanged surface properties but large differences in stability. The orientation and conformational state of the adsorbed protein could be elucidated by taking all of the following properties of the protein variants into account: stability, unfolding, adsorption, and desorption behavior. Regardless of the nature of the surface, there were correlation between (i) the protein stability and kinetics of adsorption, with an increased amplitude of the first kinetic phase of adsorption with increasing stability; (ii) the protein stability and the extent of maximally adsorbed protein to the actual surface, with an increased amount of adsorbed protein with increasing stability; (iii) the protein stability and the amount of protein desorbed upon washing with buffer, with an increased elutability of the adsorbed protein with increased stability. All of the above correlations could be explained by the rate of denaturation and the conformational state of the adsorbed protein. In conclusion, protein engineering for increased stability can be used as a strategy to decrease irreversible adsorption on surfaces at a liquid-solid interface.
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| 44. |
- Knudsen, J.F., et al.
(författare)
-
The cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib is a potent inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase II
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Inflammation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0360-3997 .- 1573-2576. ; 28:5, s. 285-290
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is up-regulated in stromal and inflammatory cells. The inducible COX-2 isoform is expressed during inflammation, in some cancers, and in brain tissue after global and focal ischemia. Tissue acidosis is a dominant factor in inflammation, and contributes to pain and hyperalgesia. Recently, compelling epidemiological and clinical evidence has documented the COX-independent effects of some COX-2 inhibitors (i.e., celecoxib, valdecoxib, and rofecoxib), among these effects are carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibition. Carbonic anhydrases are zinc metalloenzymes expressed in various cell types, including those of the kidney, where they act as general acid-base catalysts. The kidneys are also known to express the highest concentration of COX-2 messenger ribonucleic acid. Celecoxib, like the prototypic CA inhibitor acetazolamide, is structurally characterized by an unsubstituted sulfonamide moiety. In the present study, we report that celecoxib exhibits the characteristics of a potent CA inhibitor, showing inhibitory human carbonic anhydrase II (hCAII) activity in the nanomolar range. Valdecoxib was relatively less potent. Rofecoxib, which lacks the unsubstituted sulfonamide moiety characteristic of CA inhibitors, showed no significant hCAII inhibitory activity. The current study corroborates our earlier report of structure-activity relationships as predictors of such metabolic events as hyperchloremia, acidosis, and changes in calcium and phosphate disposition, and clinical manifestations associated with CA inhibition reported with celecoxib. These data showing inhibition of hCAII by the unsubstituted sulfonamides celecoxib and valdecoxib, but not by rofecoxib, may have important implications for the elucidation of the mechanisms of action as well as the side effects associated with COX-2 inhibitors. © 2004 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Mishra, Rajesh, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
A conformationally isoformic thermophilic protein with high kinetic unfolding barriers
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1420-682X .- 1420-9071. ; 65:5, s. 827-839
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The basis for the stability of thermophilic proteins is of fundamental interest for extremophile biology. We investigated the folding and unfolding processes of the homotetrameric Thermoanaerobacter brockii alcohol dehydrogenase (TBADH). TBADH subunits were 4.8 kcal/mol less stable towards guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) unfolding compared to urea, indicating ionic modulation of TBADH stability. Strongly denaturing conditions promoted mono-exponential unfolding kinetics with linear dependence on denaturant concentration. Here TBADH unfolded >40-fold slower when extrapolated from urea as compared to GdmCl unfolding. A marked unfolding hysteresis was shown when comparing refolding and unfolding in urea. An unusual biphasic unfolding trajectory with an exceptionally slow phase at intermediate concentrations of GdmCl and urea was also observed. We advocate that TBADH forms two distinctly different tetrameric isoforms, and likely an ensemble of native states. This unusual supramolecular folding behavior has been shown responsible for formation of amyloidotic yeast prion strains and can have functional importance for TBADH. © 2008 Birkhaueser.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Moparthi, Satish Babu, et al.
(författare)
-
A nonessential role for Arg 55 in cyclophilin18 for catalysis of proline isomerization during protein folding
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Protein Science. - : Wiley. - 0961-8368 .- 1469-896X. ; 18:2, s. 475-479
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The protein folding process is often in vitro rate-limited by slow cis-trans proline isomerization steps. Importantly, the rate of this process in vivo is accelerated by prolyl isomerases (PPIases). The archetypal PPIase is the human cyclophilin 18 (Cyp18 or CypA), and Arg 55 has been demonstrated to play a crucial role when studying short peptide substrates in the catalytic action of Cyp18 by stabilizing the transition state of isomerization. However, in this study we show that a R55A mutant of Cyp18 is as efficient as the wild type to accelerate the refolding reaction of human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II). Thus, it is evident that the active-site located Arg 55 is not required for catalysis of the rate-limiting prolyl cis-trans isomerization steps during the folding of a protein substrate as HCA II. Nevertheless, catalysis of cis-trans proline isomerization in HCA II occurs in the active-site of Cyp18, since binding of the inhibitor cyclosporin A abolishes rate acceleration of the refolding reaction. Obviously, the catalytic mechanisms of Cyp18 can differ when acting upon a simple model peptide, four residues long, with easily accessible Pro residues compared with a large protein molecule undergoing folding with partly or completely buried Pro residues. In the latter case, the isomerization kinetics are significantly slower and simpler mechanistic factors such as desolvation and/or strain might operate during folding-assisted catalysis, since binding to the hydrophobic active site is still a prerequisite for catalysis.
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| 49. |
- Moparthi, Satish Babu
(författare)
-
Biophysical studies of protein folding upon interaction with molecular chaperones
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Proteins are biological macromolecules that serve all functions in cells. Every protein consists of a sequence of amino acids that is folded into a three‐dimensional structure to maintain the unique information it contains and to allow the protein to perform its specific actions. Improper folding caused by mutations in the amino acid sequence or environmental stress can lead to protein aggregation and ultimately to protein conformational disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and other dreadful diseases. Nature has developed special classes of protein guards called foldases and chaperones that can increase folding efficiency in the crowded intracellular milieu by preventing protein aggregation. The present research was aimed to elucidate how chaperones and foldases interact with their target proteins during folding. Special attention was focused on refolding kinetics and dynamic remodulation of site‐specific labeled cysteine variants of the protein human carbonic anhydrase (HCA II) upon interaction with the PPIase cyclophilin18 (Cyp18) and the chaperonin GroEL. Part of the work also compared properties of the group I chaperonin GroEL and the group II chaperonin TRiC, considering how they mediate structural alterations uponinteraction with the cytoskeletal target protein β‐actin. These interactions were studied by various fluorescence techniques, including fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescence anisotropy.Refolding of HCA II is an extremely complicated process that involves very fast and slow folding events, and research has shown that Cyp18 enhances the slow rate‐limiting cistrans proline isomerization steps during the refolding process. Furthermore, the active‐site mutant Cyp18R55A has been reported to posses only about 1% catalytic efficiency when acting on short chromogenic peptide substrates. However, we found that Cyp18R55A is as efficient as the wild‐type Cyp18 in accelerating HCA II refolding. We also noted that Cyp18 enhanced the final yield of the severely destabilized HCA IIH107N, and HCA IIH107F mutants by rescuing transient molten globule intermediates from misfolding as a result of condensation of hydrophobic patches at very early stages of the folding process. These findings led to the conclusion that Arg 55, located in the active site of Cyp18, is not required for prolyl cistrans isomerization of protein substrates, and that Cyp18 can function as both a folding catalyst and a chaperone during HCA II folding.Studies have demonstrated that sequestering of protein substrates by the chaperonin GroEL alone results in binding‐induced unfolding of aggregation‐prone molten globule intermediates. It was previously assumed that the co‐chaperonin GroES does not play an independent role in folding. However, based on FRET measurements, we found that GroEL alone stretches the protein substrate as an early event, and also that GroES alone can transiently remodulate the structure of the molten globule intermediate during the refolding process. In addition, GroES acts in i concert with GroEL to exert additive transient stretchng effects on the protein core, and it reverses the unfoldase activity of the GroEL termini, leading to compaction of the structure to attain the more constrained native state.Earlier investigations have shown that partially folded β‐actin binds to both GroEL and the TRiC chaperonin. However, only TRiC guides correct folding of β‐actin, whereas the GroEL–β‐actin interaction is non‐productive. Homo‐FRET measurements on β‐actin mutants labeled with fluorescein during interaction with GroEL and TRiC indicated that interplay with both the chaperonins lead to binding‐induced unfolding and dynamic remodulation of β‐actin. More specifically, the interaction with TRiC resulted in considerable expansion of the entrance of the ATP‐binding cleft of β‐actin by effecting specific modulation of the β‐actin sub‐domains followed by the formation of a compressed state (native‐like) during release from TriC. Conformational rearrangements of β‐actin by GroEL on the other and were ore modest. β‐actin remained rather compact in the complex and consequently did not lead to the native‐like state ven in the encapsulated cis‐cavity when capped by GroES.
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- Moparthi, Satish Babu, et al.
(författare)
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Chaperone activity of Cyp18 through hydrophobic condensation that enables rescue of transient misfolded molten globule intermediates
- 2010
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 49:6, s. 1137-1145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The single-domain cyclophilin 18 (Cyp18) has long been known to function as a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPI) and was proposed by us to also function as a chaperone [Freskgård, P.-O., Bergenhem, N., Jonsson, B.-H., Svensson, M., and Carlsson, U. (1992) Science 258, 466−468]. Later several multidomain PPIs were demonstrated to work as both a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase and a chaperone. However, the chaperone ability of Cyp18 has been debated. In this work, we add additional results that show that Cyp18 can both accelerate the rate of refolding and increase the yield of native protein during the folding reaction, i.e., function as both a folding catalyst and a chaperone. Refolding experiments were performed using severely destabilized mutants of human carbonic anhydrase II under conditions where the unfolding reaction is significant and a larger fraction of a more destabilized variant populates molten globule-like intermediates during refolding. A correlation of native state protein stability of the substrate protein versus Cyp18 chaperone activity was demonstrated. The induced correction of misfolded conformations by Cyp18 likely functions through rescue from misfolding of transient molten globule intermediates. ANS binding data suggest that the interaction by Cyp18 leads to an early stage condensation of accessible hydrophobic portions of the misfolding-prone protein substrate during folding. The opposite effect was observed for GroEL known as an unfoldase at early stages of refolding. The chaperone effect of Cyp18 was also demonstrated for citrate synthase, suggesting a general chaperone effect of this PPI.
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