| 1. |
- Söderberg, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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A strong association between biologically active testosterone and leptin in non-obese men and women is lost with increasing (central) adiposity.
- 2001
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Ingår i: International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565. ; 25:1, s. 98-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: In both humans and rodents, males have lower levels of leptin than females at any level of adiposity. Experimental data support the idea that testosterone exerts a negative influence on leptin levels. There are, however, major inconsistencies in available data concerning the possible association between androgenicity and leptin in humans. Reasons could be the influence of androgenicity on leptin production being dependent on body composition, and incomplete measures of biologically active testosterone levels. In the present study we have characterized the relationship between biologically active testosterone and leptin after careful stratification for gender and adiposity.DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Healthy subjects (n=158; 85 men and 73 pre- and postmenopausal women) from the Northern Sweden MONICA (Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) population were studied with a cross-sectional design.MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometric measurements (body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference) and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed. Circulating levels of leptin, insulin, testosterone, androstenedione, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were measured by radioimmunoassays or microparticle enzyme immunoassays. Apparent concentrations of free testosterone and non-SHBG-bound testosterone were calculated.RESULTS: After adjustments for age, BMI and insulin, leptin levels were inversely correlated to testosterone levels in non-obese men (r=-0.56, P<0.01) and obese women (r=-0.48, P<0.05). In contrast, leptin and testosterone correlated in a positive manner in non-obese women (r=0.59, P<0.01). Levels of SHBG were negatively associated with leptin in men with low waist circumference (r=-0.59, P<0.01). The following factors were associated with leptin in a multivariate model: low levels of biologically active testosterone and SHBG in men with low and medium waist circumference, insulin in men with high waist circumference, high levels of testosterone and insulin in non-obese women, and BMI in obese women.CONCLUSION: We conclude that low leptin levels are associated with androgenicity in non-obese men and women and that the direction of this association is dependent on gender and body fat distribution. Based on these results we suggest that the relation between testosterone and leptin contributes to the gender difference in circulating leptin levels. International Journal of Obesity (2001) 25, 98-105
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| 2. |
- Anckarsäter, Henrik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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The Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS).
- 2011
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Ingår i: Twin Research and Human Genetics. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1832-4274 .- 1839-2628. ; 14:6, s. 495-508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) is an ongoing longitudinal twin study targeting all twins born in Sweden since July 1, 1992. Since 2004, parents of twins are interviewed regarding the children's somatic and mental health and social environment in connection with their 9th or 12th birthdays (CATSS-9/12). By January 2010, 8,610 parental interviews concerning 17,220 twins had been completed, with an overall response rate of 80%. At age 15 (CATSS-15) and 18 (CATSS-18), twins and parents complete questionnaires that, in addition to assessments of somatic and mental health, include measures of personality development and psychosocial adaptation. Twin pairs in CATSS-9/12 with one or both twins screening positive for autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, tic disorders, developmental coordination disorder, learning disorders, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and/or eating problems have been followed with in-depth questionnaires on family, social environment and personality, and subsequently by clinical assessments at age 15 together with randomly selected population controls, including 195 clinically assessed twin pairs from the first 2 year cohorts (CATSS-15/DOGSS). This article describes the cohorts and study groups, data collection, and measures used. Prevalences, distributions, heritability estimates, ages at onset, and sex differences of mental health problems in the CATSS-9/12, that were analyzed and found to be overall comparable to those of other clinical and epidemiological studies. The CATSS study has the potential of answering important questions on the etiology of childhood mental health problems and their role in the development of later adjustment problems.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Budich, Jan Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Symmetry-protected nodal phases in non-Hermitian systems
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 99:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-Hermitian (NH) Hamiltonians have become an important asset for the effective description of various physical systems that are subject to dissipation. Motivated by recent experimental progress on realizing the NH counterparts of gapless phases such as Weyl semimetals, here we investigate how NH symmetries affect the occurrence of exceptional points (EPs), that generalize the notion of nodal points in the spectrum beyond the Hermitian realm. Remarkably, we find that the dimension of the manifold of EPs is generically increased by one as compared to the case without symmetry. This leads to nodal surfaces formed by EPs that are stable as long as a protecting symmetry is preserved, and that are connected by open Fermi volumes. We illustrate our findings with analytically solvable two-band lattice models in one and two spatial dimensions, and show how they are readily generalized to generic NH crystalline systems.
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| 6. |
- Carlström, Karl E., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of More Selective Central Nervous System Nrf2-Activating Novel Vinyl Sulfoximine Compounds Compared to Dimethyl Fumarate
- 2020
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Ingår i: NEUROTHERAPEUTICS. - : SPRINGER. - 1933-7213 .- 1878-7479. ; 17, s. 1142-1152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nrf2 transcription factor is a key regulator of redox reactions and considered the main target for the multiple sclerosis (MS) drug dimethyl fumarate (DMF). However, exploration of additional Nrf2-activating compounds is motivated, since DMF displays significant off-target effects and has a relatively poor penetrance to the central nervous system (CNS). We de novo synthesized eight vinyl sulfone and sulfoximine compounds (CH-1-CH-8) and evaluated their capacity to activate the transcription factors Nrf2, NF kappa B, and HIF1 in comparison with DMF using the pTRAF platform. The novel sulfoximine CH-3 was the most promising candidate and selected for further comparison in vivo and later an experimental model for traumatic brain injury (TBI). CH-3 and DMF displayed comparable capacity to activate Nrf2 and downstream transcripts in vitro, but with less off-target effects on HIF1 from CH-3. This was verified in cultured microglia and oligodendrocytes (OLs) and subsequently in vivo in rats. Following TBI, DMF lowered the number of leukocytes in blood and also decreased axonal degeneration. CH-3 preserved or increased the number of pre-myelinating OL. While both CH-3 and DMF activated Nrf2, CH-3 showed less off-target effects and displayed more selective OL associated effects. Further studies with Nrf2-acting compounds are promising candidates to explore potential myelin protective or regenerative effects in demyelinating disorders.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Darj, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Liver metabolism during treatment with estradiol and progesterone
- 1993
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Ingår i: Gynecological Endocrinology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0951-3590 .- 1473-0766. ; 7:2, s. 111-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serum concentrations of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), ceruloplasmin, lipoprotein A and liver enzymes were measured in 30 postmenopausal women treated with 2 mg micronized 17 beta-estradiol daily and micronized progesterone orally in doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg daily, as progestogen supplementation. The treatment lasted for 4 months. The serum levels of SHBG and CBG increased during treatment and a weak association between progesterone dosage and CBG was observed. Levels of lipoprotein A and liver enzymes did not change. It is concluded that micronized natural progesterone is an attractive means of progesterone supplementation in postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy without any liver-related side-effects.
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| 9. |
- Fahlén, M, et al.
(författare)
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Megestrol acetate may stimulate the production of insulin-like growth factor 1 in breast tissues of women with breast cancer
- 2013
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Ingår i: Hormone molecular biology and clinical investigation. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1868-1891 .- 1868-1883. ; 13:3, s. 51-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In women with breast cancer who were treated with either continuous tamoxifen alone or sequential tamoxifen followed by megestrol acetate (MA), we demonstrated significant positive associations between the breast tumor estrogen receptor (ER) and an increase in serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) during tamoxifen treatment. We interpreted this as “ER uniformity” in different tissues, e.g., breast, liver. No other associations with ER were found. In the same study, the breast tumor progesterone receptor (PR) was determined. Our aim was to see if there were any associations between PR and endocrine changes during MA treatment.The breast tumor PR before treatment and serum insulin-like growth factor I (∂IGF-1), steroids, steroid-binding proteins, and insulin before and during treatment were measured in 17 postmenopausal women with breast cancer who were treated sequentially with tamoxifen 40 mg/day followed by MA 160 mg/day in alternating 3-month periods.During MA treatment periods, the levels of IGF-1 and insulin increased significantly, whereas the levels of androgens, SHBG, corticosteroid-binding globulin, and cortisol decreased significantly. Significant positive correlations were found between the PR content and increments in ∂IGF-1 but not between PR and any other endocrine change.PR expression in human liver is very weak, but malignant and normal breast tissues secrete considerable amounts of growth hormone and IGF-1 in vitro and in vivo. This activity is stimulated by progestogens. The association between PR and ∂IGF-1 may therefore reflect a direct PR-mediated action of MA on malignant and normal human breast tissues in vivo.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Hansson, Elisabeth K, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Can a person-centred-care intervention improve health-related quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer? A randomized, controlled study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bmc Nursing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6955. ; 16:9, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The incidence of head and neck cancer is increasing slightly. Head and neck cancer but also it's necessary and often successful treatment may affect general domains of health-related quality of life and provoke a variety of adverse symptoms and side effects, both during and after treatment. The objective of this study was to compare a person-centred care intervention in terms of health-related quality of life, disease-specific symptoms or problems, with traditional care as a control group for patients with head and neck cancer. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, person-centred-care intervention and traditional care (control) groups comprised 54 and 42 patients, respectively. Outcome measures used were: the EORTC QLQ-C30 and the EORTC QLQ-C35. Both groups answered the questionnaires at baseline and after 4, 10, 18 and 52 weeks from start of treatment. The questionnaires' scores were compared between groups by using independent samples test and non-parametric test for continuous variables. For categorical data, Fisher's exact test was used. Longitudinal data were analysed using generalized linear models for normally distributed repeated measures data. Results: At baseline, the intervention and control groups were comparable in terms of medical and sociodemographic variables, clinical characteristics, health-related quality of life and disease-specific symptoms or problems. At all the follow-up points, even during the worst period for the patients, the person-centred-care group consistently reported better scores than the control group. The differences were numerically but not always statistically significant. When testing longitudinal data, statistically significant results were found for head and neck cancer-specific problems, swallowing (p = 0.014), social eating (p = 0.048) and feeling ill (p = 0.021). Conclusions: The results from this study suggest that adopting the person-centred-care concept practiced here could be a way to improve function and wellbeing in patients with head and neck cancer.
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| 13. |
- Hoff, D., et al.
(författare)
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Quantum Beat Spectroscopy of Helium Photoelectrons
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and European Quantum Electronics Conference, CLEO/Europe-EQEC 2023. - 9798350345995
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The availability of broadband extreme ultraviolet light sources allows for investigation of electron wave-packets from high lying bound states in atoms [1,2]. The dynamics of these states can be mapped out in the ionization continuum with an overlapping infrared field, which may also uncover new, light induced, dressed states [3]. Here, we carry out a complete characterization of these electron wave-packets using a small number of attosecond pulses.
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| 14. |
- Khorram-Manesh, Amir, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Education in Disaster Management: What Do We Offer and What Do We Need? Proposing a New Global Program.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1935-7893 .- 1938-744X. ; 10:6, s. 854-873
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Although there is a significant willingness to respond to disasters, a review of post-event reports following incidents shows troubling repeated patterns with poorly integrated response activities and response managers inadequately trained for the requirements of disasters. This calls for a new overall approach in disaster management. METHODS: An in-depth review of the education and training opportunities available to responders and disaster managers has been undertaken, as well as an extensive review of the educational competencies and their parent domains identified by subject matter experts as necessary for competent performance. RESULTS: Seven domains of competency and competencies that should be mastered by disaster mangers were identified. This set of domains and individual competencies was utilized to define a new and evolving curriculum. In order to evaluate and assess the mastery of each competency, objectives were more widely defined as activities under specific topics, as the measurable elements of the curriculum, for each managerial level. CONCLUSIONS: This program enables interagency cooperation and collaboration and could be used to increase and improve decision-makers' understanding of disaster managers' capabilities; at the strategic/tactical level to promote the knowledge and capability of the disaster managers themselves; and as continuing education or further career development for disaster managers at the operational level. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;page 1 of 20).
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Kocoska-Maras, L., et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive function in association with sex hormones in postmenopausal women
- 2013
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Ingår i: Gynecological Endocrinology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0951-3590 .- 1473-0766. ; 29:1, s. 59-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have suggested gender differences in cognitive function, but data on the association between sex hormones and cognitive function are contradictory. The aim of our randomized double-blind study was to explore the possible relations between cognitive function and serum levels of sex hormones, oxytocin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in postmenopausal women. Two-hundred healthy postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to receive estrogen, testosterone or placebo treatment for 1 month. The associations of spatial ability, verbal fluency and verbal memory with serum levels of estradiol, testosterone, estradiol/testosterone ratio, androstanediol, oxytocin and IGF-I were analyzed. Spatial ability showed a negative correlation with serum estradiol, estradiol/testosterone ratio, oxytocin levels and a positive association with androstanediol levels. Verbal fluency displayed a negative relationship with serum levels of testosterone, IGF-I and a positive with estradiol/testosterone ratio. Verbal memory displayed a positive correlation to androstanediol. Data suggest that not only absolute levels of sex hormones but also the balance between estrogen and testosterone and their metabolites may be important for cognitive function in women.
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| 17. |
- Köhler, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic allosteric communication pathway directing differential activation of the glucocorticoid receptor
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 6:29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allosteric communication within proteins is a hallmark of biochemical signaling, but the dynamic transmission pathways remain poorly characterized. We combined NMR spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance to reveal these pathways and quantify their energetics in the glucocorticoid receptor, a transcriptional regulator controlling development, metabolism, and immune response. Our results delineate a dynamic communication network of residues linking the ligand-binding pocket to the activation function-2 interface, where helix 12, a switch for transcriptional activation, exhibits ligand- and coregulator-dependent dynamics coupled to graded activation. The allosteric free energy responds to variations in ligand structure: subtle changes gradually tune allostery while preserving the transmission pathway, whereas substitution of the entire pharmacophore leads to divergent allosteric control by apparently rewiring the communication network. Our results provide key insights that should aid in the design of mechanistically differentiated ligands.
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| 18. |
- Mendes Ferreira, Tiago, et al.
(författare)
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Acyl chain disorder and azelaoyl orientation in lipid membranes containing oxidized lipids
- 2016
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 32:25, s. 6524-6533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxidized phospholipids occur naturally in conditions of oxidative stress and have been suggested to play an important role in a number of pathological conditions due to their effects on a lipid membrane acyl chain orientation, ordering, and permeability. Here we investigate the effect of the oxidized phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-azelaoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PazePC) on a model membrane of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) using a combination of 13C-1H dipolar-recoupling nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments and united-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The obtained experimental order parameter SCH profiles show that the presence of 30 mol % PazePC in the bilayer significantly increases the gauche content of the POPC acyl chains, therefore decreasing the thickness of the bilayer, although with no stable bilayer pore formation. The MD simulations reproduce the disordering effect and indicate that the orientation of the azelaoyl chain is highly dependent on its protonation state with acyl chain reversal for fully deprotonated states and a parallel orientation along the interfacial plane for fully protonated states, deprotonated and protonated azelaoyl chains having negative and positive SCH profiles, respectively. Only fully or nearly fully protonated azelaoyl chain are observed in the 13C-1H dipolar-recoupling NMR experiments. The experiments show positive SCH values for the azelaoyl segments confirming for the first time that oxidized chains with polar termini adopt a parallel orientation to the bilayer plane as predicted in MD simulations.
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| 19. |
- Mikkelsen, Lonnie, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing Distribution of Harbour Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) Derived from Satellite Telemetry and Passive Acoustic Monitoring
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cetacean monitoring is essential in determining the status of a population. Different monitoring methods should reflect the real trends in abundance and patterns in distribution, and results should therefore ideally be independent of the selected method. Here, we compare two independent methods of describing harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) relative distribution pattern in the western Baltic Sea. Satellite locations from 13 tagged harbour porpoises were used to build a Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model of suitable habitats. The data set was subsampled to one location every second day, which were sufficient to make reliable models over the summer (Jun-Aug) and autumn (Sep-Nov) seasons. The modelled results were compared to harbour porpoise acoustic activity obtained from 36 static acoustic monitoring stations (C-PODs) covering the same area. The C-POD data was expressed as the percentage of porpoise positive days/hours (the number of days/hours per day with porpoise detections) by season. The MaxEnt model and C-POD data showed a significant linear relationship with a strong decline in porpoise occurrence from west to east. This study shows that two very different methods provide comparable information on relative distribution patterns of harbour porpoises even in a low density area.
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| 20. |
- Misztal-Okońska, P., et al.
(författare)
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Importance of immediate electronic-based feedback to enhance feedback for first-time cpr trainees
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sudden cardiac arrest is one of the leading causes of death globally. The recommended clinical management in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases is the immediate initiation of high-qual-ity cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Training mannequins should be combined with technology that provides students with detailed immediate feedback on the quality of CPR performance. This study aimed to verify the impacts of the type of feedback (basic or detailed) the responders receive from the device while learning CPR and how it influences the quality of their performance and the motivation to improve their skills. The study was conducted at the Medical University of Lublin among 694 multi-professional health students during first aid classes on basic life support (BLS). The students first practiced on an adult mannequin with a basic control panel; afterward, the same mannequin was connected to a laptop, ensuring a detailed record of the performed activities through a projector. Next, the participants expressed their subjective opinion on how the feedback provided during the classes, basic vs. detailed, motivated them to improve the quality of their CPR performance. Additionally, during the classes, the instructor conducted an extended observation of students’ work and behavior. In the students’ opinion, the CPR training with detailed feedback devices provided motivation for learning and improving CPR proficiency than that with a basic control panel. Furthermore, the comments given from devices seemed to be more acceptable to the students, who did not see any bias in the device’s evaluation compared to that of the instructor. Detailed device feedback motivates student health practitioners to learn and improve the overall quality of CPR. The use of mannequins that provide detailed feedback during BLS courses can improve survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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| 21. |
- Nandi, Saikat, et al.
(författare)
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Observation of Rabi dynamics with a short-wavelength free-electron laser
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 608:7923
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rabi oscillations are periodic modulations of populations in two-level systems interacting with a time-varying field(1). They are ubiquitous in physics with applications in different areas such as photonics(2), nano-electronics(3), electron microscopy(4) and quantum information(5). While the theory developed by Rabi was intended for fermions in gyrating magnetic fields, Autler and Townes realized that it could also be used to describe coherent light-matter interactions within the rotating-wave approximation(6). Although intense nanometre-wavelength light sources have been available for more than a decade(7-9), Rabi dynamics at such short wavelengths has not been directly observed. Here we show that femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulses from a seeded free-electron laser(10) can drive Rabi dynamics between the ground state and an excited state in helium atoms. The measured photoelectron signal reveals an Autler-Townes doublet and an avoided crossing, phenomena that are both fundamental to coherent atom-field interactions(11). Using an analytical model derived from perturbation theory on top of the Rabi model, we find that the ultrafast build-up of the doublet structure carries the signature of a quantum interference effect between resonant and non-resonant photoionization pathways. Given the recent availability of intense attosecond(12) and few-femtosecond(13) extreme-ultraviolet pulses, our results unfold opportunities to carry out ultrafast manipulation of coherent processes at short wavelengths using free-electron lasers.
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| 22. |
- Olander, Ellinor K, et al.
(författare)
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Person-centred care in interventions to limit weight gain in pregnant women with obesity - a systematic review
- 2015
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Ingår i: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2393. ; 15:50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Person-centred care, asserting that individuals are partners in their care, has been associated with care satisfaction but the value of using it to support women with obesity during pregnancy is unknown. Excessive gestational weight gain is associated with increased risks for both mother and baby and weight gain therefore is an important intervention target. The aims of this review was to 1) explore to what extent and in what manner interventions assessing weight in pregnant women with obesity use person-centred care and 2) assess if interventions including aspects of person-centred care are more effective at limiting weight gain than interventions not employing person-centred care. Methods: Ten databases were systematically searched in January 2014. Studies had to report an intervention offered to pregnant women with obesity and measure gestational weight gain to be included. All included studies were independently double coded to identify to what extent they included three defined aspects of person-centred care: 1) “initiate a partnership” including identifying the person’s circumstances and motivation; 2) “working the partnership” through sharing the decision-making regarding the planned action and 3) “safeguarding the partnership through documentation” of care preferences. Information on gestational weight gain, study quality and characteristics were also extracted. Results: Ten studies were included in the review, of which five were randomised controlled trials (RCT), and the remaining observational studies. Four interventions included aspects of person-centred care; two observational studies included both “initiating the partnership”, and “working the partnership”. One observational study included “initiating the partnership” and one RCT included “working the partnership”. No interventions included “safeguarding the partnership through documentation”. Whilst all studies with person-centred care aspects showed promising findings regarding limiting gestational weight gain, so did the interventions not including person-centred care aspects. Conclusions: The use of an identified person-centred care approach is presently limited in interventions targeting gestational weight gain in pregnant women with obesity. Hence to what extent person-centred care may improve health outcomes and care satisfaction in this population is currently unknown and more research is needed. That said, our findings suggest that use of routines incorporating person-centredness are feasible to include within these interventions.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Paskova, Tanja, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of mass-transport grown GaN by hydride vapour-phase epitaxy
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Crystal Growth. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-0248 .- 1873-5002. ; 273:1-2, s. 118-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comprehensive study of the morphological, optical and microstructural properties of mass-transport (MT) and conventionally grown GaN by hydride vapour-phase epitaxy is presented. Spatially resolved techniques have been utilized to reveal in a comparative way, the characteristics of the material grown either in predominant vertical or lateral growth modes. A strong donor-acceptor pair (DAP) emission is observed from the MT regions with a distinctive intensity contrast between the exciton and DAP emission bands from MT and nontransport regions. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy and imaging were employed to investigate the impurity incorporation into different regions. An increase of residual oxygen and aluminium impurity concentrations was found in the MT areas. In addition, positron annihilation spectroscopy showed a strong signal of Ga vacancy clusters in the MT grown material. The increase of the point defect concentrations of both Ga vacancy and oxygen impurity, most likely forming defect complexes, is related to the enhancement of the DAP emission.
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| 25. |
- Peng, Feifei, et al.
(författare)
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A droplet-based microfluidics route to temperature-responsive colloidal molecules
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 123:43, s. 9260-9271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small clusters of spherical colloids that mimic real molecules, so-called colloidal molecules, hold great promise as building blocks in bottom-up routes to new materials. However, their typical hard sphere nature has hampered their assembly into ordered structures, largely due to a lack of control in the interparticle interactions. To provide easy external control of the interactions, the present work focuses on the preparation of colloidal molecules from temperature-responsive microgel particles that undergo a transition from a soft repulsive to a short-range attractive state as their characteristic volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) is crossed. Preparation of the colloidal molecules starts with the use of a droplet-based microfluidics device to form highly uniform water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion droplets containing, on average and with a narrow distribution, four microgels per droplet. Evaporation of the water then leads to the formation of colloidal molecule-like clusters, which can be harvested following cross-linking and phase transfer. We use a mixture of two types of microgels, one based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and the other on poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PNIPMAM), to prepare bicomponent colloidal molecules, and show that the difference in VPTT between the two allows for induction of attractive interparticle interactions between the PNIPAM interaction sites at temperatures in between the two VPTTs, analogous to the interactions among patchy biomacromolecules such as many proteins.
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| 26. |
- Petersson, C. L M, et al.
(författare)
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Phase metrology with multi-cycle two-colour pulses
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 49:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strong-field phenomena driven by an intense infrared (IR) laser depend on during what part of the field cycle they are initiated. By changing the sub-cycle character of the laser electric field it is possible to control such phenomena. For long pulses, sub-cycle shaping of the field can be done by adding a relatively weak, second harmonic of the driving field to the pulse. Through constructive and destructive interference, the combination of strong and weak fields can be used to change the probability of a strong-field process being initiated at any given part of the cycle. In order to control sub-cycle phenomena with optimal accuracy, it is necessary to know the phase difference of the strong and the weak fields precisely. If the weaker field is an even harmonic of the driving field, electrons ionized by the field will be asymmetrically distributed between the positive and negative directions of the combined fields. Information about the asymmetry can yield information about the phase difference. A technique to measure asymmetry for few-cycle pulses, called stereo-ATI (above threshold ionization), has been developed by Paulus et al (2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 253004). This paper outlines an extension of this method to measure the phase difference between a strong IR and its second harmonic.
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| 27. |
- Unger, B., et al.
(författare)
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MiniSCANS-II: Aerial survey for harbour porpoises in the western Baltic Sea, Belt Sea, the Sound and Kattegat in 2020 : Joint survey by Denmark, Germany and Sweden. Final report to Danish Environmental Protection Agency, German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation and Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management.
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) (Directive 2008/56/EC) emphasises the need for cross-border monitoring of wide-ranging species, such as the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), the most abundant cetacean species occurring year-round in the Baltic Sea. In June and July 2020, Germany, Denmark, and Sweden conducted a dedicated large-scale aerial survey (called MiniSCANS-II) for harbour porpoises in the management area of the Belt Sea population, i.e., between an east-west line between Denmark and Sweden at 56.95°N in the Kattegat Sea, and a north-south line between Sweden and Germany at 13.5°E in the southern Baltic Sea. This survey followed line-transect distance sampling methodology according to the SCANS protocol to derive an unbiased absolute abundance estimate. With a realised effort of 4,533 km in nine strata, the observers recorded a total of 202 sightings (251 individuals, of these 16 were calves). The large majority of survey effort (91.2%) was conducted in either good or moderate sighting conditions. The abundance of the Belt Sea population was estimated to be 17,301 harbour porpoises (95% CI = 11,695-25,688; CV = 0.20), with an average density of 0.41 individuals/km² (95% CI = 0.28-0.61). This is the lowest abundance estimate since the first (SCANS) survey was conducted in 1994. However, the variance (especially of the earlier abundance estimates) is high, and a dedicated trend analysis needs to be conducted to determine if there has been a decline in the population abundance over time. The results should raise some concern about the status of the population and emphasise the importance of repeated surveys in the near future to increase the time series of robust abundance estimates available. Such time series are essential for monitoring the progress of the population towards achieving favourable conservation status under the Habitats Directive and good environmental status (GES) as demanded by the MSFD.
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| 28. |
- Wuu, J., et al.
(författare)
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Correlates of pregnancy oestrogen, progesterone and sex hormone-binding globulin in the USA and China
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0959-8278 .- 1473-5709. ; 11:3, s. 283-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study is to examine perinatal correlates of oestradiol (E2), oestriol (E3), progesterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) among pregnant women in the USA and China. Three hundred and four Caucasian women in Boston and 335 Chinese women in Shanghai were studied. Levels of E2, E3, progesterone and SHBG were measured in maternal blood at weeks 16 and 27 of gestation, and correlated with maternal, gestational and perinatal characteristics. Height, weight and body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy is inversely associated with E2 and SHBG, whereas E3 is inversely associated with height and progesterone is inversely associated with weight and BMI. A previous live birth is associated with lower E2 and SHBG in the index pregnancy. Total gestation duration is inversely associated with E2, E3 and progesterone, whereas weight gain during pregnancy is inversely associated with progesterone and SHBG. In the US, pregnancies with female fetuses are characterized by significantly reduced progesterone. Pregnancy hormones are associated with several maternal, gestational and neonatal characteristics.
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| 29. |
- Xu, B., et al.
(författare)
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Maternal and gestational correlates of pregnancy prolactin and growth hormone in USA and China
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0959-8278 .- 1473-5709. ; 12:1, s. 35-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study is to determine correlates of prolactin and growth hormone levels among pregnant women in the USA and China. We studied 304 pregnant Caucasian and 335 pregnant Chinese women. Levels of prolactin and growth hormone were measured at weeks 16 and 27 of gestation, and correlated with maternal, gestational and perinatal characteristics. Both growth hormone and, to a lesser extent, prolactin were inversely associated with pregnancy weight and body mass index, history of a previous live birth and newborn size, whereas educated women had higher levels of both hormones. Growth hormone levels were lower in women who gained more weight, smoked and had nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, whereas prolactin increased with longer total gestation. We found robust associations between maternal and newborn characteristics on the one hand and prolactin and growth hormone during pregnancy on the other.
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