| 1. |
- Kirilovas, Dmitrijus, et al.
(författare)
-
Conversion of circulating estrone sulfate to 17β-estradiol by ovarian tumor tissue : A possible mechanism behind elevated circulating concentrations of 17β-estradiol in postmenopausal women with ovarian tumors
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Gynecological Endocrinology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0951-3590 .- 1473-0766. ; 23:1, s. 25-28
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: Elevated serum levels of 17beta-estradiol (E2) are frequently found in postmenopausal women with ovarian tumors not classified as estrogen-producing. Conversion of circulating estrone sulfate (E1S) to E2 is one alternative way of E2 formation in target tissues in postmenopausal women. Our aim was to find out if conversion of circulating E1S to E2 by the tumor tissue could be a reason for elevated serum E2 levels in postmenopausal women with 'non-estrogen-producing' ovarian tumors. METHOD: Serum E2 was measured in 12 postmenopausal women with 'non-estrogen-producing' ovarian tumors (nine benign, three malignant). Total hydrolysis of and [3H]E2 formation from [3H]E1S by the tumor tissue homogenates was studied in vitro. RESULTS: Serum E2 showed significant positive correlations with total hydrolysis of and [3H]E2 formation from [3H]E1S in the total material as well as in the benign tumor subgroup. [3H]E2 formation was the most important independent variable. CONCLUSION: Conversion of circulating E1S to E2 by the tumor tissue could be one important reason for elevated S-E2 levels in postmenopausal women with 'non-estrogen-producing' ovarian tumors.
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| 2. |
- Brynolf, Margrethe, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
-
Läraryrkets många ansikten
- 2009. - 2
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Läraren lever i en dynamisk relationsvärld som ger en kraftfull puls i hans eller hennes arbete. I ständiga här-och-nu-situationer måste uppkomna problem lösas, beslut tas och åtgärder genomföras under tidspress. Man kan verkligen tala om läraryrkets intensitet. Till det kommer en ökande differentiering, dvs. att lärarens roll utformas olika bl.a. beroende på i vilken kommun, i vilken skola och i vilket arbetslag som han eller hon tjänstgör.Med stor sannolikhet kommer läraryrket i framtiden att bli minst lika intensivt som idag och differentieringen om möjligt ännu större, vilket ställer stora krav på lärarutbildning och fortbildning. Den här boken är avsedd för det allmänna utbildningsområdet inom lärarutbildningen och ett bidrag till den kompetensutveckling av redan verksamma lärare som är nödvändig inför dessa utmaningar.Bokens antagande är att framtidens lärare kan klara av sin situation och forma sin lärarroll bättre än många upplever att de kan idag. För att detta ska kunna ske krävs att lärarna känner att de har stöd från samhället, att de känner att de är delaktiga och att det finns en allmän acceptans för att kunskap är viktig. Dessutom behöver lärarrollens samhällsansvar tydliggöras. Men framförallt ställer det krav på lärare och rektorer som måste våga vara flexibla, kreativa och våga utnyttja det friutrymme som finns.Här behandlas en rad aspekter av läraryrket, allt från lärarens samhällsansvar – och hur det vuxit fram i ett historiskt perspektiv – till den egna personliga professionalismen. Varje kapitel avslutas med en ”pedagogisk hörna”, ett smörgåsbord av frågor och uppgifter som stimulans för diskussion, utforskning och reflektion.
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| 3. |
- Brynolf, Margrethe, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
-
Läraryrkets många ansikten
- 2012. - 3
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Läraryrkets många ansikten diskuterar författarna lärarens komplexa och intensiva arbete och hur det har utvecklats genom tiderna. I boken behandlas en rad aspekter av läraryrket, bland annat:Skolans värdegrundBetyg och bedömningSkolkulturSkolans ledning och organisationFacket och lärarrollenLärares professionalismMotivation och prestationKreativitetNågra kapitel är faktainriktade och redovisar olika styrdokument och forskningsresultat, andra är mer diskuterande och tar upp olika problem som lärare konfronteras med i sin yrkesutövning. Varje kapitel avslutas med en ”pedagogisk hörna” med frågor och uppgifter för diskussion och reflektion. Denna nya upplaga har uppdaterats och bearbetats med hänsyn till 2011 års läroplan, skollag, förordning och lärarutbildning.
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| 4. |
- Brynolf, Margrethe, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
-
Läraryrkets många ansikten
- 2007
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Läraren lever i en dynamisk relationsvärld som ger en kraftfull puls i hans eller hennes arbete. I ständiga här-och-nu-situationer måste uppkomna problem lösas, beslut tas och åtgärder genomföras under tidspress. Man kan verkligen tala om läraryrkets intensitet. Till det kommer en ökande differentiering, dvs. att lärarens roll utformas olika bl.a. beroende på i vilken kommun, i vilken skola och i vilket arbetslag som han eller hon tjänstgör.Med stor sannolikhet kommer läraryrket i framtiden att bli minst lika intensivt som idag och differentieringen om möjligt ännu större, vilket ställer stora krav på lärarutbildning och fortbildning. Den här boken är avsedd för det allmänna utbildningsområdet inom lärarutbildningen och ett bidrag till den kompetensutveckling av redan verksamma lärare som är nödvändig inför dessa utmaningar.Bokens antagande är att framtidens lärare kan klara av sin situation och forma sin lärarroll bättre än många upplever att de kan idag. För att detta ska kunna ske krävs att lärarna känner att de har stöd från samhället, att de känner att de är delaktiga och att det finns en allmän acceptans för att kunskap är viktig. Dessutom behöver lärarrollens samhällsansvar tydliggöras. Men framförallt ställer det krav på lärare och rektorer som måste våga vara flexibla, kreativa och våga utnyttja det friutrymme som finns.Här behandlas en rad aspekter av läraryrket, allt från lärarens samhällsansvar – och hur det vuxit fram i ett historiskt perspektiv – till den egna personliga professionalismen. Varje kapitel avslutas med en ”pedagogisk hörna”, ett smörgåsbord av frågor och uppgifter som stimulans för diskussion, utforskning och reflektion.
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| 5. |
- Brynolf, Margrethe, et al.
(författare)
-
Läraryrkets många ansikten
- 2009
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Läraren lever i en dynamisk relationsvärld som ger en kraftfull puls i hans eller hennes arbete. I ständiga här-och-nu-situationer måste uppkomna problem lösas, beslut tas och åtgärder genomföras under tidspress. Man kan verkligen tala om läraryrkets intensitet. Till det kommer en ökande differentiering, dvs. att lärarens roll utformas olika bl.a. beroende på i vilken kommun, i vilken skola och i vilket arbetslag som han eller hon tjänstgör. Med stor sannolikhet kommer läraryrket i framtiden att bli minst lika intensivt som idag och differentieringen om möjligt ännu större, vilket ställer stora krav på lärarutbildning och fortbildning. Den här boken är avsedd för det allmänna utbildningsområdet inom lärarutbildningen och ett bidrag till den kompetensutveckling av redan verksamma lärare som är nödvändig inför dessa utmaningar. Bokens antagande är att framtidens lärare kan klara av sin situation och forma sin lärarroll bättre än många upplever att de kan idag. För att detta ska kunna ske krävs att lärarna känner att de har stöd från samhället, att de känner att de är delaktiga och att det finns en allmän acceptans för att kunskap är viktig. Dessutom behöver lärarrollens samhällsansvar tydliggöras. Men framförallt ställer det krav på lärare och rektorer som måste våga vara flexibla, kreativa och våga utnyttja det friutrymme som finns. Här behandlas en rad aspekter av läraryrket, allt från lärarens samhällsansvar – och hur det vuxit fram i ett historiskt perspektiv – till den egna personliga professionalismen. Varje kapitel avslutas med en ”pedagogisk hörna”, ett smörgåsbord av frågor och uppgifter som stimulans för diskussion, utforskning och reflektion.
|
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| 6. |
- Brynolf, Margrethe, et al.
(författare)
-
Läraryrkets många ansikten
- 2012
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Läraryrkets många ansikten diskuterar författarna lärarens komplexa och intensiva arbete och hur det har utvecklats genom tiderna. I boken behandlas en rad aspekter av läraryrket, bland annat: Skolans värdegrund Betyg och bedömning Skolkultur Skolans ledning och organisation Facket och lärarrollen Lärares professionalism Motivation och prestation Kreativitet Några kapitel är faktainriktade och redovisar olika styrdokument och forskningsresultat, andra är mer diskuterande och tar upp olika problem som lärare konfronteras med i sin yrkesutövning. Varje kapitel avslutas med en ”pedagogisk hörna” med frågor och uppgifter för diskussion och reflektion. Denna nya upplaga har uppdaterats och bearbetats med hänsyn till 2011 års läroplan, skollag, förordning och lärarutbildning.
|
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| 7. |
- Brynolf, Margrethe, et al.
(författare)
-
Läraryrkets många ansikten
- 2007
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Läraren lever i en dynamisk relationsvärld som ger en kraftfull puls i hans eller hennes arbete. I ständiga här-och-nu-situationer måste uppkomna problem lösas, beslut tas och åtgärder genomföras under tidspress. Man kan verkligen tala om läraryrkets intensitet. Till det kommer en ökande differentiering, dvs. att lärarens roll utformas olika bl.a. beroende på i vilken kommun, i vilken skola och i vilket arbetslag som han eller hon tjänstgör. Med stor sannolikhet kommer läraryrket i framtiden att bli minst lika intensivt som idag och differentieringen om möjligt ännu större, vilket ställer stora krav på lärarutbildning och fortbildning. Den här boken är avsedd för det allmänna utbildningsområdet inom lärarutbildningen och ett bidrag till den kompetensutveckling av redan verksamma lärare som är nödvändig inför dessa utmaningar. Bokens antagande är att framtidens lärare kan klara av sin situation och forma sin lärarroll bättre än många upplever att de kan idag. För att detta ska kunna ske krävs att lärarna känner att de har stöd från samhället, att de känner att de är delaktiga och att det finns en allmän acceptans för att kunskap är viktig. Dessutom behöver lärarrollens samhällsansvar tydliggöras. Men framförallt ställer det krav på lärare och rektorer som måste våga vara flexibla, kreativa och våga utnyttja det friutrymme som finns. Här behandlas en rad aspekter av läraryrket, allt från lärarens samhällsansvar – och hur det vuxit fram i ett historiskt perspektiv – till den egna personliga professionalismen. Varje kapitel avslutas med en ”pedagogisk hörna”, ett smörgåsbord av frågor och uppgifter som stimulans för diskussion, utforskning och reflektion.
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| 8. |
- Carlström, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic Associations of In-line Recorded Milkability Traits and Udder Conformation with Udder Health
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0906-4702 .- 1651-1972. ; 66, s. 84-91
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Milkability and udder conformation traits of Swedish Holstein (SH) and Swedish Red (SR) cows from 93 herds with automatic milking systems or conventional milking parlors were used to study genetic relationships to lactation average somatic cell score (LSCS) and incidence of clinical mastitis (CM). Estimated genetic correlations between measures of milking speed (average flow rate, milking time and box time) and LSCS ranged between 0.29 and 0.57 and showed that high milking speed is associated with increasing LSCS. Regressions indicated a curvilinear relationship. Genetic correlations between milking speed and CM showed similar values as for LSCS in SH cows, but were inconsistent in SR cows. Shallow udder and strong fore udder attachment were consistently correlated with good udder health. The unfavorable relationships between milking speed and udder health traits should be considered together with a few udder conformation traits when selecting for better milkability.
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| 9. |
- Carlström, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic associations of teat cup attachment failures, incomplete milkings, and handling time in automatic milking systems with milkability, temperament, and udder conformation
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0906-4702 .- 1651-1972. ; 66, s. 75-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automatic milking systems (AMS) allow recording of alternative milkability measures. Our objectives were to estimate genetic parameters for teat cup attachment failures (AtF), incomplete milkings (IM), and handling time (HT), and their genetic correlations with box time (BT), udder traits and temperament. Teat coordinates were to measure udder conformation and teat placement. Genetic correlations were estimated between these traits and linear classification traits. Data on Swedish Holstein and Swedish Red cows in 19 AMS herds and 74 herds with conventional milking parlors were analyzed. HT and IM had low heritabilities, but that of AtF was 0.21-0.31. Genetic correlations between AtF and temperament were 0.44-0.71 (calm cows having low AtF). Short BT was weakly genetically associated with shallow udders with short and thin teats. High genetic correlations (0.91-0.98) were found between teat coordinate traits and linear classification traits. Thus, AMS records can be effectively used to select for improved milkability and temperament.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Flöter, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of combined estrogen/testosterone therapy on bone and body composition in oophorectomized women.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0951-3590. ; 20:3, s. 155-60
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of adding testosterone undecanoate 40 mg daily to estrogen therapy on bone markers, bone mineral density and body composition in oophorectomized women. METHODS: Fifty women, 45-60 years old, who had undergone a hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for benign disorders, were randomly assigned to oral treatment with testosterone undecanoate 40 mg plus estradiol valerate 2 mg daily or placebo plus estradiol valerate 2 mg daily. Twenty-four weeks later, cross-over was performed to the other treatment regimen. Forty-four women completed the study. Their serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3, osteocalcin, carboxyterminal telopeptide aminoterminal (ICTP), of type I collagen propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) and interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist were measured at baseline and after 24 weeks of both treatments, as were also their body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure. Bone mineral density of the total body, spine and hip and total body fat, total lean body mass, trunk fat and trunk lean mass were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements at baseline and after 24 weeks of both regimens. RESULTS: During treatment, the addition of testosterone counteracted the decrease in IGF-I and PICP seen with estrogen therapy alone. Osteocalcin and ICTP were significantly reduced to the same extent by both therapies. No change ocurred in the IL-1 receptor antagonist. A significant increase was seen in total lean body mass with the estrogen/testosterone regimen, but the total fat mass, trunk lean or fat mass remained unchanged after 24 weeks of both treatments. No effect was detected on total, hip or spinal bone mineral density after treatment with estrogen alone or estrogen/testosterone. Likewise, BMI and blood pressure were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of testosterone to oral estrogen might have positive effects on bone as suggested by the fact that it counteracted the decline in IGF-I and PICP levels. An anabolic effect on muscle was reflected by an increase in the total lean body mass. No adverse effects were noted on BMI, fat distribution or blood pressure during the 6-month treatment with oral testosterone undecanoate.
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| 12. |
- Jakobsson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
-
Large differences in testosterone excretion in Korean and Swedish men are strongly associated with a UDP-glucuronosyl transferase 2B17 polymorphism.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 91:2, s. 687-93
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: The reproductive endocrinology in Asians and Caucasians is of great interest in view of large differences in prostate cancer rate and sensitivity to pharmacological male contraception. In addition, interpretation of certain antidoping tests is confounded by interethnic variation in androgen disposition. Uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferases have a key role in the homeostasis and metabolism of androgens. Recently a deletion polymorphism was detected in the UGT2B17 gene. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate the contribution of the UGT2B17 deletion polymorphism to the interindividual and interethnic variation of androgen metabolism and excretion. METHODS AND RESULTS: Urine from 122 Swedish and 74 Korean healthy men was analyzed for several androgen glucuronides including testosterone. The distribution of the natural logarithms of urinary testosterone concentrations showed a distinct bimodal pattern in both groups, suggesting a monogenic inheritance. When the UGT2B17 genotypes were compared with urinary testosterone levels, all of the individuals of the UGT2B17 homozygous deletion/deletion genotype had no or negligible amounts of urinary testosterone. The deletion/deletion genotype was seven times more common in the Korean (66.7%) than the Swedish population (9.3%). In addition, the Swedes had significantly higher levels of serum testosterone, compared with the Koreans. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the UGT2B17 polymorphism is strongly associated with the bimodal distribution of the testosterone excretion and also with the large differences in testosterone excretion between Koreans and Swedes.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Kirilovas, Dmitrijus, et al.
(författare)
-
Granulosa cell aromatase enzyme activity : Effects of follicular fluid from patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, using aromatase conversion and [11C]vorozole-binding assays
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Gynecological Endocrinology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0951-3590 .- 1473-0766. ; 22:12, s. 685-691
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The local regulation of ovarian aromatase enzyme in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was studied with aromatase conversion and [C-11]vorozole-binding assays to analyze aromatase activity, substrate-enzyme affinity and number of aromatase binding sites in non-cultured human granulosa cells (GC) incubated with different sources and preparations of follicular fluid (FF). Incubation with FF from women stimulated in in vitro fertilization cycles with follicle-stimulating hormone yielded higher conversion activity than with FF from healthy women and PCOS patients, paralleled with higher substrate affinity (lower K-d) than with FF from healthy women. In PCOS women, charcoal-pretreated FF yielded higher conversion, whereas the ether-pretreated FF yielded lower conversion activity, than with untreated PCOS FF. Both preparations of FF yielded higher affinity to substrate (lower Kd values) and the ether-pretreated FF a lower number of binding sites (B-max). It seems that steroids with the presence of proteins in PCOS FF reduced aromatase conversion activity through decreased substrate affinity, whereas FF preparations devoid of proteins reduced the aromatase conversion activity mainly through blocking of aromatase active sites. Identification of specific agents responsible for this rapid regulation of aromatase function might help to understand normal regulation of the menstrual cycle and supposed imbalances of inhibitors/activators in PCOS.
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| 15. |
- Kushnir, Mark M, et al.
(författare)
-
Steroid profiles in ovarian follicular fluid from regularly menstruating women and women after ovarian stimulation
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9147 .- 1530-8561. ; 55:3, s. 519-526
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Information on the concentrations of steroids in ovarian follicular fluid (FF) from regularly menstruating (RM) women has been limited because of the absence of methods for the simultaneous quantification of multiple steroids in small volumes of FF. We studied steroid profiles in FF during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and after ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF), and compared concentrations with published values obtained by immunoassay (IA). METHODS: We used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to measure 13 steroids in 40-microL aliquots of FF samples from 21 RM women and from 5 women after ovarian stimulation for IVF. Relationships between concentrations of steroids and their ratios (representations of the enzyme activities) were evaluated within and between subgroups. RESULTS: The concentrations of testosterone (Te), androstenedione (A4), and estradiol (E2) measured by LC-MS/MS were lower than those previously reported in studies with IAs. In RM women, androgens were the most abundant class of steroids, with A4 being the major constituent. The concentrations of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), total androgens, and estrogens were 200- to 1000-fold greater in FF than in serum. Compared with RM women, FF samples from women undergoing ovarian stimulation had significantly higher concentrations of E2 (P = 0.021), pregnenolone (P = 0.0022), 17OHP (P = 0.0007), and cortisol (F) (P = 0.0016), and significantly higher ratios of F to cortisone (P = 0.0006), E2 to estrone (P = 0.0008), and E2 to Te (P = 0.0013). CONCLUSIONS: The data provide the first MS-based concentration values for 13 steroids in ovarian FF from RM women, from estrogen- and androgen-dominant follicles, and from women after ovarian stimulation for IVF.
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| 16. |
- Mattsson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Gender-specific links between hepatic 11beta reduction of cortisone and adipokines
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 15:4, s. 887-894
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Reduction of cortisone to cortisol is mediated by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11betaHSD1), a putative key enzyme in obesity-related complications. Experimental studies suggest that adipokines, notably leptin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), are of importance for 11betaHSD1 activity. We hypothesized that the regulation of hepatic preceptor glucocorticoid metabolism is gender-specific and associated with circulating levels of leptin and TNF-alpha receptors and/or sex hormones. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A total of 34 males and 38 women (14 premenopausal and 22 postmenopausal) underwent physical examination and fasting blood sampling. Insulin sensitivity was tested by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps, and hepatic 11betaHSD1 enzyme activity was estimated by the conversion of orally-ingested cortisone to cortisol. RESULTS: Hepatic 11betaHSD1 activity was negatively associated with leptin and soluble TNF (sTNF) r1 and sTNFr2 in males. These correlations remained significant after adjustment for age and insulin sensitivity, and for sTNF-alpha receptors also after adjustment of BMI and waist circumference. In contrast, 11beta reduction of cortisone was positively associated to leptin in females after adjustment for BMI and waist circumference. DISCUSSION: Hepatic 11beta reduction shows different links to circulating adipocyte-derived hormones in males and females. This emphasizes the need for further studies on tissue-specific regulation of 11betaHSD1 in both genders.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Moksnes, Per-Olav, et al.
(författare)
-
Fritidsbåtars påverkan på grunda kustekosystem i sverige
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sveriges natursköna kust med vidsträckta skärgårdar erbjuder fantastiska förhållanden för fritidsbåtliv. Idag finns uppskattningsvis mer än 700 000 fritidsbåtar i Sverige, vilket är en av de högsta siffrorna i världen sett till befolkningsmängden. Kustens vågskyddade skärgård ger också goda förutsättningar att förvara fritidsbåtar vid bryggor, och idag täcks stora områden av bryggor och småbåtshamnar. Det stora antalet båtar och bryggor kan ge betydande effekter på miljön, men kunskapen om fritidsbåtlivets sammanlagda påverkan på Sveriges kustmiljöer har hittills varit bristfällig. Havsmiljöinstitutets mål med denna rapport har varit att sammanställa kunskapsläget kring hur fritidsbåtar påverkar grunda kustekosystem i Sverige, samt bedöma omfattningen av denna påverkan och om utveckling är hållbar. Syftet med rapporten är att bidra till utvecklingen av en mer hållbar förvaltning av fritidsbåtlivet genom att sammanställa vetenskaplig kunskap inom detta område på ett lättillgängligt sätt. Sammanställningen visar att det finns ett starkt stöd i den vetenskapliga litteraturen för att fritidsbåtar ger upphov till många negativa effekter på kustmiljön. Med fritidsbåtslivet följer en rad olika fysiska strukturer och aktiviteter som var och en ger upphov till flera olika typer av miljöpåverkan. En ökad utbredning av småbåtshamnar, bryggor och muddrade områden medför förluster av viktiga bottenmiljöer och leder ofta till en långvarig försämring av miljöförhållanden lokalt. Muddrings- och dumpningsaktiviteter leder till ökad uppgrumling och spridning av sediment, näringsämnen och miljögifter över stora områden, vilket bland annat påverkar bottenvegetation, fiskar och musslor negativt. Båttrafik och ankring leder till uppgrumling och erosion av sediment samt till skador på bottenmiljön. Undervattensbuller från båtarnas motorer stör också fiskar och däggdjur. Vidare medför användning av fritidsbåtar betydande utsläpp av giftiga ämnen och föroreningar från båtbottenfärger och förbränningsmotorer. Drygt 60 % av alla bryggor och småbåtshamnar återfinns i grunda (<3 m), vågskyddade områden med mjukbottnar, trots att de endast utgör en fjärdedel av kustens totala grundområden. Dessa områden lämpar sig väl för båtförvaring, men är också en av kustens mest produktiva och värdefulla miljöer. Grunda mjukbottnar är en viktig miljö för olika kärlväxter och kransalger, som i sin tur utgör viktiga uppväxthabitat för många olika fiskarter och kräftdjur. Rapporten visar att dessa miljöer är extra känsliga för en majoritet av de störningar som fritidsbåtlivet ger upphov till. Sammantaget medför detta att fritidsbåtslivet i förhållande till sin omfattning genererar stora skador på miljöer med höga naturvärden.
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| 19. |
- Moksnes, Per-Olav, et al.
(författare)
-
Fritidsbåtars påverkan på grunda kustekosystem i Sverige
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sweden has a long and beautiful coastline with extensive archipelagos that offer exceptional conditions for recreational boating. There are more than 700 000 recreational boats in Sweden, which is one of the highest numbers in the world in relation to the population size. Small tidal differences and many sheltered bays also provide good conditions for storing boats at docks and piers and jetties. As a result, large areas of the Swedish coast are today covered with docks and marinas for recreational boats. The large number of boats and docks could have substantial negative effects on the environment. However, the understanding of the cumulative impact of recreational boating on Swedish coastal ecosystem has so far been incomplete. The goal with this report from the Swedish Institute for the Marine Environment has been to compile and summarize the present state of knowledge regarding how recreational boating affect shallow coastal ecosystems in Sweden, to determine the extent of the impact and if the development is sustainable. The aim has been to present scientific knowledge on these topics in an accessible way in order to facilitate the development of a more sustainable management of recreational boating in Sweden.The scientific literature strongly support that recreational boating generates many negative effects on the marine environment. Recreational boating requires a number of physical structures and generate a number activities that each results in several different pressures on the environment. An increased number of marinas, docks and dredged canals results in losses of important habitats, as well as long-term deterioration of the environmental conditions locally. Dredging and dumping of dredge material results in increased turbidity and dispersal of sediment, nutrients and pollutants over large areas with negative effects on many aquatic organisms, e.g. vegetation, fishes and mussels. Traffic from recreational boats and anchoring result in increased turbidity and sediment erosion as well as damage to habitats. Motor boats also create underwater noise that can disturb e.g. fishes, seals and porpoises. In addition, recreational boating result in substantial emissions of toxic substances and pollution from e.g. antifouling paint and combustion engines.More than 60% of all docks and marinas are found in wave sheltered, shallow (<3 m) areas with soft bottoms, despite that this environment only constitute 25% of shallow coastal areas in Sweden. These sheltered areas are well suited for storing boats, but also constitute one of the most productive and valuable environments along the coast. They are important environments for vegetation such as seagrass, pondweed and stoneworts, which in turn constitute important spawning and nursery areas for a large number of fish and invertebrates. The report shows that these shallow soft bottom environments are very sensitive to a majority of the stressors that recreational boating generate. Boating therefore create a disproportionally large impact on environments with high values.Although the impact from a single recreational boat or dock is limited, the cumulative effect is substantial because of the sheer number. According to recent inventories, there are today almost 110 000 docks along the Swedish coast covering almost 2 000 km of bottom. In comparison with the 1960s, the amount of docks has increased with almost 160%, which today constitutes an increase of 1 700 new docks per year. Recent studies show that vegetation is degraded as the number of docks and boats increase within shallow, wave sheltered areas. It is estimated that almost 20% of this important environment is negatively affected by recreational boating today; in the County of Stockholm and Västra Götaland around 30% of shallow, wave sheltered areas are estimated to be impacted. Despite several management measures in the last decades to decrease coastal exploitation, there are no signs that the rate of exploitation is decreasing.The large number of recreational boats with combustion engines, the trend of increasing engine size, and the fact that engines lack all forms of emission control result in substantial emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases. Recent estimates suggest that the emissions from recreational boats are very high and comparable with other types of transport in Sweden. Emission of toxic copper from antifouling paint on recreational boats is also substantial and contributes to the high levels of copper in coastal waters, which is above the limit for good ecological status in 85% of the assessed coastal water bodies.Although most boat owners likely spend time at sea because they enjoy and care about the environment, the results presented in this report show that recreational boating have a substantial negative impact on the coastal environment, particularly in shallow, wave protected areas. In these areas, today’s use and development of recreational boating cannot be considered sustainable. However, the report also shows that there are ways to decrease the environmental impact from recreational boating. By changing the way we use and store recreational boats, and by improving management we can still allow coming generations to enjoy unexploited coastal environments with clear water and a rich plant and animal life.The report ends by discussing new, possible measures and solutions for a more sustainable use of recreational boats in Sweden, which could be a starting point for continuing such work. These include e.g. to identify vulnerable coastal environments in order to steer away exploitation and recreational boat traffic from these areas. By storing boats on land, the need for docks, dredging and toxic antifouling paint could decrease. Reduced speed limits and access limitations for recreational motorboats in certain areas could decrease negative impact on the most vulnerable habitats. Finally, new, environmentally friendly technology, and new financial instruments could be used to decrease negative impacts and create a more sustainable development of recreational boating.
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| 20. |
- Naessen, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Women with bulimia nervosa exhibit attenuated secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1, pancreatic polypeptide, and insulin in response to a meal
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 94:4, s. 967-972
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The eating disorder bulimia nervosa (BN) is characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating, followed regularly by inappropriate compensatory behavior, such as self-induced vomiting. Objective: The current investigation was designed to examine possible alterations in the secretion of the gastrointestinal satiety peptides glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in women with BN. Design: Twenty-one women with BN and 17 healthy control subjects of comparable age and BMI were recruited. After fasting overnight, the subjects provided blood samples during ingestion of a standardized meal and self-rated their appetite on a visual analog scale. Fasting and meal-related secretion of the incretin GLP-1 and the meal-related feedback signal PP and insulin and glucose as indicators of the metabolic homeostasis were analyzed. Results: Women with BN had significantly lower fasting and postprandial serum concentrations of GLP-1 (P < 0.01) and PP (P < 0.05) than did the control subjects. Furthermore, both the basal (P < 0.001) and peak (P < 0.05) concentrations of insulin were significantly attenuated in the bulimic subjects, whereas glucose concentrations were normal. As a consequence, the bulimic homeostasis model assessment of insulin index values were also lower (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Women with BN secrete abnormally low amounts of GLP-1 and PP, possibly because of the adaption to large meals in the form of enlarged gastric capacity and reduced muscle tone in the gastric wall. Attenuated secretion of these gastrointestinal satiety peptides may play a role in the maintenance of bulimic behavior.
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| 21. |
- Naessén, Tord, et al.
(författare)
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Steroid profiles in ovarian follicular fluid in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome, analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Fertility and Sterility. - : Elsevier BV. - 0015-0282 .- 1556-5653. ; 94:6, s. 2228-2233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE To compare steroid concentrations and steroid product-to-precursor ratios in ovarian follicular fluid (FF) from women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and from regularly menstruating women in their early follicular phase, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Polycystic ovary syndrome involves abnormal regulation of the steroidogenic enzymes, leading to arrest of follicle development. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING University hospital clinic. PATIENT(S) Follicular fluid from size-matched ovarian follicles (5-8 mm) in 27 nonstimulated women with PCOS and in 21 women without PCOS was sampled. Thirteen steroids were quantitated from 40 muL of FF, using LC-MS/MS. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Concentrations of steroids in the FF and product-to-precursor ratios (enzyme activity) were compared between the groups. RESULT(S) In women with PCOS, ovarian FF contained higher concentrations of individual and total androgens, lower individual and total estrogens (E), and a lower total E-to-androgen ratio, compared with regularly menstruating women. The product-to-precursor concentration ratios indicated higher CYP17-linked and lower CYP19-linked (aromatase) enzyme activity. Receiver operating characteristic plots indicated the early CYP17 step (17-OH5P/5P) being highly important for the prevalence of PCOS (c = 0.95). CONCLUSION(S) The women with PCOS had higher ovarian CYP17-linked and lower CYP19-linked (aromatase) enzyme activity, confirming previous data. Multiple steroid assessments from minute volumes including FF from nonstimulated ovaries, using LC-MS/MS, might be useful in research, clinical endocrinology, and in IVF.
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| 22. |
- Rickenlund, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of oral contraceptives on body composition and physical performance in female athletes.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 36:5, s. S34-S34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Menstrual disturbances are common among female athletes, and oral contraceptives (OCs) are often recommended as estrogen substitution. However, there is little information about the effects of OC use in athletes, and there is great concern that OCs might impair physical performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of OC use on body composition and physical performance in female athletes. Twenty-six endurance athletes (13 with oligo-/amenorrhea and 13 regularly menstruating athletes) and 12 sedentary controls were examined before and after 10 months of treatment with a low dose, monophasic, combined OC. Significant changes in body composition were recorded in the athletes, but not in the controls. There was an increase in weight and fat mass only in athletes with oligo-/amenorrhea. These changes were associated with a decrease in ovarian androgens. OC treatment also increased bone mineral density, with the largest increase in athletes with a low bone mineral density at baseline. Despite significant changes in body composition, little impact on physical performance was recorded. We have demonstrated that OC treatment in female athletes has predominantly beneficial effects on body composition without adverse effects on physical performance and could be used for the prevention of osteoporosis in athletic amenorrhea. However, it cannot be excluded that a marked increase in fat mass might have unfavorable effects for athletic performance in individual women.
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| 23. |
- Rickenlund, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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Hyperandrogenicity is an alternative mechanism underlying oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea in female athletes and may improve physical performance.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Fertility and Sterility. - : Elsevier BV. - 0015-0282 .- 1556-5653. ; 79:4, s. 947-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate endocrine mechanisms underlying oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea in female athletes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Women's health clinical research unit at a university hospital. PATIENT(S): Age- and BMI-matched groups of athletes active in endurance sports with and without menstrual disturbances and regularly cycling sedentary controls. INTERVENTION(S): Groups were compared with respect to endocrine status, body composition, and physical performance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Identification of a subgroup of oligomenorrheic or amenorrheic athletes with increased androgen levels and anabolic body composition. RESULT(S): A subgroup of 8 of 25 athletes with menstrual disturbances had significantly higher serum levels of free and total testosterone, androstenedione, LH-FSH ratio, and lower SHBG levels than did all other groups. Other oligomenorrheic or amenorrheic athletes had normal values comparable to those in regularly menstruating athletes and controls. The hyperandrogenic subgroup showed a more anabolic body composition, with higher total bone mineral density and upper-lower fat mass ratio than did oligomenorrheic or amenorrheic athletes with normal androgen levels. The hyperandrogenic subgroup had the highest VO2 max and the highest performance values in general. CONCLUSION(S): Menstrual disturbances in female athletes are often explained as a consequence of hypothalamic inhibition and caloric deficiency. We suggest that essential hyperandrogenism is an alternative mechanism underlying oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea in some female athletes and may imply an advantage for physical performance.
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| 24. |
- Söderqvist, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolism of estrone sulfate by normal breast tissue : Influence of menopausal status and oral contraceptives
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-0760. ; 48:2-3, s. 221-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The metabolism of [ 3 H]estrone sulfate ([ 3 H]E 1 S) was studied in normal breast tissue from 10 premenopausal women without oral contraceptives (OC), in 12 OC users and in 9 untreated postmenopausal women. [ 3 H]E 1 S was converted into estrone ([ 3 H]E 1 ) and estradiol-17β ([ 3 H]E 2 ) by tissue samples from all three groups of women, with only minor formation of other unconjugated compounds. The rate of [ 3 H]E 2 formation was significantly higher in premenopausal women without OC than in postmenopausal women. Among premenopausal women, OC users had a significantly lower rate of total hydrolysis and of [ 3 H]E 1 formation than non-users. The rate of total hydrolysis of [ 3 H]E 1 S in normal breast tissue from all three groups of women was similar to that in muscle, but the rate of [ 3 H]E 2 formation was ten times higher. Both total hydrolysis rate and rate of [ 3 H]E 2 formation were significantly lower in normal breast tissue than in breast carcinoma and in normal and neoplastic endometrium. The specific ability of normal breast tissue to convert E 1 S into the terminal biologically active estrogen E 2 may be important for estrogenic stimulation of the breast in subjects with low circulating E 2 levels. The lower rate of E 1 formation in OC users may reflect an inhibitory effect of the progestagen compound in such preparations.
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| 25. |
- Ödmark, Inga-Stina, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Conjugated estrogen/progestagen versus tibolone hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women : effects on carbohydrate metabolism and serum sex hormone-binding globulin
- 2006
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Ingår i: Maturitas. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-5122 .- 1873-4111. ; 53:1, s. 89-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study the effects of different types of continuous hormone replacement therapy on carbohydrate metabolism. Method: Postmenopausal women were treated with conjugated estrogens, 0.625 mg/medroxyprogesterone acetate, 2.5 or 5mg (CEE/MPA) or tibolone 2.5 mg daily for 13 28-day cycles. Serum glucose and insulin were measured before and during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at baseline and after 3, 6 and 13 cycles and areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) was measured as an additional marker of nutritional and insulin status. Results: Neither CEE/MPA2.5 mg nor tibolone had any effects on carbohydrate metabolism whileAUCinsulin, AUCglucose and also body mass index (BMI) increased after 13 cycles of treatment in the CEE/MPA 5 mg group. SHBG increased significantly during CEE/MPA treatment and decreased significantly during treatment with tibolone. The effects on SHBG were less pronounced in the CEE/MPA 5 mg group. Pretreatment SHBG showed significant negative correlations to BMI and to variables that may reflect a certain degree of insulin resistance, the most pronounced being fasting glucose. Changes in SHBG during treatment with tibolone were negatively correlated to pretreatment SHBG and positively to BMI, AUCinsulin and fasting insulin resistance index, while no such correlations were found in the CEE/MPA groups. There were no correlations between changes in AUCinsulin and AUCglucose on one hand and basal variables or treatment SHBG on the other in the CEE/MPA groups. Conclusion: The effects of tibolone and CEE/MPA on carbohydrate metabolism were considered to have clinical significance only for CEE/MPA 5 mg, indicating a less favourable role of the higher progestagen dose. The results further support the important role of metabolic and insulin status in the physiological regulation of SHBG and also indicate that the suppressive effect of tibolone on circulating SHBG is mainly depends on pretreatment SHBG levels. SHBG does not reflect changes in carbohydrate metabolism during CEE/MPA treatment.
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