| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Carson, Doris A., et al.
(författare)
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Cities, hinterlands and disconnected urban-rural development : Perspectives from sparsely populated areas
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 93, s. 104-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article introduces the special issue ‘Rural hinterland development in sparsely populated areas (SPAs): new challenges and opportunities arising from urbanisation within the periphery’. It problematises the relationships between growing cities and hinterland areas in SPAs, such as those commonly found in Arctic, Outback and similar remote resource peripheries of developed countries. Many SPAs are rapidly urbanising, with polarised development becoming an ever-increasing concern for regional planners and policy-makers. This special issue contributes to debates about the impact that urban growth and city-centric development strategies in SPAs might have on the development prospects for small and distant settlements in the hinterland. We first discuss why SPAs are different from other rural contexts when it comes to urban-rural interactions and introduce the idea of regional disconnectedness as a defining feature of SPAs. We then review the papers in this collection, which include perspectives from northern Sweden, Iceland, Finland, Scotland, Alaska, and Australia, and position them according to their contributions to theory, policy and practice. The special issue challenges assumptions that city-centric regional development in SPAs will automatically generate spillover or backwash effects for the hinterland. It emphasises the need to consider diverse mobility flows within SPAs as part of urban-rural interactions. It also raises attention to micro-scale urbanisation within the hinterland, with housing, services, and amenities increasingly concentrating in a few small towns. The final discussion outlines important areas for research into more effective urban-rural partnership building in SPAs and on how to embrace regional disconnectedness for more targeted hinterland development.
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| 3. |
- Carson, Doris A., et al.
(författare)
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International lifestyle immigrants and their contributions to rural tourism innovation : Experiences from Sweden's far north
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 64, s. 230-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses the contributions of international lifestyle immigrants to new tourism development and innovation in the sparsely populated north of Sweden. Based on a qualitative case study, the paper examines how lifestyle immigrants contributed as tourism entrepreneurs to the formation of local capital in tourism, and stimulated local learning and innovation spillover through networks of interaction and collaboration. The theoretical framework integrates concepts from rural lifestyle migration, local community development, and local tourism innovation systems. The results document how immigrants emerged as important drivers of new tourism products, processes and markets, and introduced a range of new ideas, skills and external networks to the region. Yet, an in-depth social network analysis reveals that immigrants made more limited contributions to networks, collaborations and knowledge exchange with local tourism stakeholders, thus limiting learning outcomes and innovation spillover at a broader local system level. Reasons for this lack of systemic interaction included socio-cultural distance between immigrants and locals, limited levels of trust and reciprocity, diverging development and lifestyle priorities, and issues around exclusive immigrant networking. Finally, the relevance of the theoretical framework is discussed in relation to its applicability to other immigrant mobilities in sparsely populated rural areas.
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| 4. |
- Carson, Doris A., et al.
(författare)
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Northern cities and urban–rural migration of university-qualified labour in Australia and Sweden : Spillovers, sponges, or disconnected city–hinterland geographies?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Geographical Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1745-5863 .- 1745-5871. ; 59:3, s. 424-438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the migration flows of university-qualified labour (UQL) between cities and hinterland regions in the sparsely populated north of both Australia and Sweden. These peripheries have become increasingly urbanised in recent decades and have received substantial investment in urban higher education hubs that are expected to generate skills for their regions. Whether these skills remain within the few urban centres or are redistributed internally to benefit rural and remote locations is not known. The article identifies the extent to which there have been urban–rural ‘spillover’ or ‘sponge’ effects in UQL migration flows within the north and establishes whether there has been a ‘disconnect’ in the regional exchange of UQL. Drawing on recent Australian census and Swedish register data, the results suggest that ‘spillover’ and ‘sponging’ of UQL have been limited, particularly in Northern Australia where cities appeared quite disconnected from their hinterlands. Spillover was more common in Northern Sweden, but cities with universities targeting regional skill needs did not necessarily generate more net-migration gains for their hinterland. The discussion illustrates why urban–rural human capital relationships in northern peripheries may be more diverse and complex than assumed and flags what policy lessons can be drawn from comparing different northern peripheries.
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| 5. |
- Carson, Doris A., et al.
(författare)
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Opportunities and barriers for degrowth in remote tourism destinations : overcoming regional inequalities?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Degrowth and tourism. - Milton Park : Routledge. - 9780367335656 - 9780429320590 ; , s. 100-115
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter examines the opportunities and barriers for de-growth to be used in future tourism development strategies for remote or peripheral destinations, illustrated by the case of the Top End region in the Northern Territory of Australia. In such remote contexts, tourism has often evolved around an entrenched boosterist growth paradigm, a dependence on export markets and external investors, a susceptibility to 'boom and bust' cycles, and increasing spatial and social inequalities between the dominant urban growth centre and a declining sparsely populated hinterland. The chapter discusses how de-growth may help in reducing the city-hinterland development gap by directing attention to the benefits of alternative niche markets, the regional dispersal of tourists, smaller-scale and dispersed infrastructure and product investment, a re-positioning of tourism as part of broader community development agendas, and renewed efforts to encourage local involvement in decision-making. The chapter also considers the institutional barriers to such an approach, and considers why it may remain an unrealistic concept for remote political economies that are increasingly confronted with recurring periods of economic crisis and highly volatile industries and populations.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Carson, Doris A, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding Local Innovation Systems in Peripheral Tourism Destinations
- 2014
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Ingår i: Tourism Geographies. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1461-6688 .- 1470-1340. ; 16:3, s. 457-473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tourism destinations in peripheral areas are often large regions established by centralised government agencies to encourage collaboration between dispersed communities and foster innovation. Relatively little research attention has been paid to the impact that centrally defined destination boundaries have on whether and how small communities contribute to innovation at a regional level. This paper examines the case of Burra, a small town in rural South Australia. It analyses the networking, collaboration and knowledge exchange behaviour of tourism stakeholders in the context of the state-government-defined 'Clare Valley' tourism region. Data were drawn from a web-based social network analysis, in-depth interviews, historic document analysis and field observations. The study found that the local tourism system had limited aspirations and capabilities to collaborate with other towns in the region. Lack of regional engagement was only partially due to intra-regional competition and resistance to regional boundaries. More significant barriers included a local culture of operating in isolation, an embedded reliance on public sector leadership to manage systemic interactions, an aging system with limited ambition to change and an inability to harness in-migrants and externally based stakeholders to stimulate knowledge transfer. Changing the imposed destination boundaries would have limited impact on the operation of the local system. The paper concludes that effective regional destination development in peripheral areas needs to be better informed by more detailed understandings of local tourism systems and their capacities to engage.
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| 8. |
- Carson, Doris A., et al.
(författare)
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Why tourism may not be everybody’s business : the challenge of tradition in resource peripheries
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Rangeland journal. - : CSIRO Publishing. - 1036-9872 .- 1834-7541. ; 33:4, s. 373-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tourism is commonly promoted as a tool for economic diversification in peripheral regions that have traditionally relied on exporting natural resources (the 'staples'). However, developing tourism in these regions has often proven immensely difficult. Part of the reason for this is that tourism seems to require different institutional arrangements to those common in traditional staples economies. This paper analyses the case of the Flinders Ranges in South Australia to examine how the conflicting institutional requirements of tourism and staples industries impacted on the capacity of theregional economic system to innovate and diversify its staples-based economy to include tourism. The paper further documents how conflicts in the diversification process have been mitigated. The research concludes that harnessing tourism for successful economic diversification in peripheral regions requires fundamental changes to previous ways of operating,including new approaches to business creation, capacity building, education and knowledge exchange, networking and public–private interactions.
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| 9. |
- Carson, Dean B., et al.
(författare)
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Decline, Adaptation or Transformation : New Perspectives on Demographic Change in Resource Peripheries in Australia and Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Comparative Population Studies. - 1869-8980 .- 1869-8999. ; 41:3-4, s. 1-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many sparsely populated resource peripheries in developed countries are perceived to suffer from periods of demographic decline due to loss of employment opportunities and services, youth out-migration and population ageing. While these trends tend to apply at broad regional scales and for particular time periods, diverse patterns of demographic change may be apparent if different spatial, temporal and social scales of analysis are taken into consideration. Comparing the experiences of two case study regions in northern Sweden and inland South Australia, this paper proposes an alternative conceptual framework to the ‘discourse of decline’, which could be used to examine the nuances of demographic change within resource peripheries. The framework includes spatial scale considerations that contrast broader regional demographic patterns with the experiences of sub-regions and individual settlements. It also includes temporal scale aspects, examining demographic change over different time periods to understand the pace, duration and frequency of population growth and decline. The framework finally includes social unit considerations, emphasising that demographic change affects different social groups in different ways. The results of the case studies suggest that considering demographic change as adaptation or transformation rather than decline may be more useful for identifying new – and qualitatively different – demographic pathways that emerge over time.
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| 10. |
- Carson, Dean B., 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Disasters, market changes and 'The Big Smoke' : understanding the decline of remote tourism in Katherine, Northern Territory Australia
- 2019
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Ingår i: Perspectives on rural tourism geographies. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030119492 - 9783030119508 ; , s. 93-114
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter examines the decline of tourism in Katherine, one of the Northern Territory's iconic remote destinations. While the decline coincided with severe floods damaging much of the town and its tourism infrastructure in 1998, other factors such as the overall decline of Outback tourism in Australia and changes in key markets such as backpackers and self-drive tourists contributed to the difficulty in reviving Katherine's tourism industry following the floods. Katherine tourism demonstrates characteristics consistent with the Beyond Peripherymodel of tourism development in remote or sparsely populated areas. The chapter argues that Katherine has become even more distant and disconnected from tourist markets, investors and policy makers since the floods. Key issues for future development include an increasingly uneven relationship between Katherine and the capital city of Darwin, and an inability to identify alternative markets and development paths independent of the dominant tourism structures in the Northern Territory. Katherine is an example of a remote destination which initially had substantial competitive advantages because of its location and levels of local investment in tourism, but has since lost those advantages due to a failure to respond to changing market forces. The chapter thus emphasises the fragile nature of tourism in remote locations, and its vulnerability to exogenous shocks and changing government priorities, reminding us of the broader challenges for economic development in remote resource peripheries.
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| 11. |
- Carson, Dean B., 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Disruptions and diversions : the demographic consequences of natural disasters in sparsely populated areas
- 2021
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Ingår i: The demography of disasters. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030499198 - 9783030499204 ; , s. 81-99
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Eight Ds model (Carson and Carson 2014) explains the unique characteristics of human and economic geography for sparsely populated areas (SPAs) as disconnected, discontinuous, diverse, detailed, dynamic, distant, dependent and delicate. According to the model, SPAs are subject to dramatic changes in demographic characteristics that result from both identifiable black swan events and less apparent tipping points in longer-term processes of demographic change (Carson et al. 2011). The conceptual foundations for this assertion are clear. Populations in SPAs can experience large and long-term impacts on the overall demographic structureas a result of decisions by a relatively small number of people. High levels of migration and mobility cause constant shifts in the demographic profile and prime SPAs to adapt to many different demographic states (Carson and Carson 2014). The Northern Territory of Australia, for example, experienced previously unseen waves of pre-retirement aged migrants in the past decade or so (Martel et al. 2013) as evidence of detailed but important changes to past trends. However, while dramatic demographic changes are conceptually possible and occasionally observable, there have been few attempts to examine the conditions under which such changes are likely to occur or not to occur. This is an important question particularly in relation to black swan events such as natural disasters because effective disaster management policy and planning is at least partially dependent on understanding who is affected and in what ways (Bird et al. 2013). The purpose of this chapter, therefore, is to begin the process of identifying the conditions under which dramatic demographic responses to natural disasters in SPAs might occur. In the process, we introduce two new 'Ds' with which to describe the nature of demographic change. We propose that natural disasters such as cyclones, floods, earthquakes, bushfires, landslides, avalanches and crop failures present the potential to disrupt or to divert demographic development.
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| 12. |
- Carson, Dean B., 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Indigenous experiences of the mining resource cycle in Australia’s northern territory : Benefits, burdens and bridges?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Northern Studies. - Umeå : Umeå University & The Royal Skyttean Society. - 1654-5915 .- 2004-4658. ; 12:2, s. 11-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a model of how Indigenous communities may engage with the mining sector to better manage local development impacts and influence governance processes. The model uses a resource lifecycle perspective to identify the various development opportunities and challenges that remote Indigenous communities and stakeholders may face at different stages of the mining project. The model is applied to two case studies located in the Northern Territory of Australia (Gove Peninsula and Ngukurr) which involved different types and scales of mining and provided different opportunities for development and governance engagement for surrounding Indigenous communities. Both cases emphasise how the benefits and burdens associated with mining, as well as the bridges between Indigenous and outsider approaches to development and governance, can change very quickly due to the volatile nature of remote mining operations. There is thus a need for more flexible agreements and more dynamic relationships between Indigenous, mining and other governance stakeholders that can be adjusted and renegotiated as the conditions for mining change. The final discussion reflects on how the model may be applied in the context mining governance and Indigenous stakeholder engagement in the Fennoscandian north.
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| 13. |
- Carson, Dean B., et al.
(författare)
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Indigenous Long Grassers : Itinerants or Problem Tourists?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Annals of Tourism Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-7383 .- 1873-7722. ; 42, s. 1-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper proposes a model explaining how ‘problem tourists’ emerge at tourism destinations. Problem tourists are incompatible with the accepted dominant status of tourism and emerge from social distance between tourists and hosts, or between different groups of tourists. A case study of long grassers in Darwin, the capital of Australia’s Northern Territory, is presented to illustrate the model. Long grassers are popularly understood as Indigenous people from remote communities who camp in public places during their visits to Darwin and engage in anti-social behaviours. Surveys were conducted on travel patterns of long grassers to better understand their behaviours and interactions with the destination. This paper discusses whether conceptualising long grassers as problem tourists might help reveal new management strategies.
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| 14. |
- Carson, Dean B., et al.
(författare)
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Lessons from the Arctic past : The resource cycle, hydro energy development, and the human geography of Jokkmokk, Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Energy Research & Social Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 16, s. 13-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent research has identified a series of human geography impacts of natural resource developments in sparsely populated areas like the Arctic. These impacts can be mapped to the 'resource cycle', and arise from periods of population growth and decline, changing patterns of human migration and mobility, changing patterns of settlement, and changes in the demographic 'balance' between males and females, young and old, Indigenous and non-Indigenous. This paper examines the applicability of the resource cycle model in the case of hydro energy development in the Jokkmokk municipality of Sweden. Using quantitative demographic data, media reports, and contemporary accounts of hydro development, the paper describes the human geography of Jokkmokk since the late 19th century. The paper concludes that changes in human geography in Jokkmokk mirror what has been observed in regions dependent on non-renewable resources, although it is difficult to distinguish many impacts from those that might have occurred under alternative development scenarios. The paper identifies a 'settlement cycle' with phases of integrated and separated habitation for populations specifically associated with the development. Settlement dynamics, and the impacts of hydro on Sami geography are areas for further research.
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| 15. |
- Carson, Dean B, et al.
(författare)
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Local economies of mobility in sparsely populated areas : cases from Australia's spine
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 36, s. 340-349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a growing contemporary body of literature about the 'new mobilities' – increasingly mobile populations and their impacts on local economies, particularly in more sparsely populated areas of developed nations. Much of the focus has been on the 'fly in/fly out' workforce associated with mining projects, but attention has also been paid to increasing numbers of 'fly in/fly out' workers in the health sector, the changing nature of tourist populations, the use of temporary contract labour for government administration, and the movement of Indigenous people from remote communities into urban centres. This paper uses five case examples in South Australia and the Northern Territory (Australia's 'spine') to examine the diversity of experiences of the new mobilities. The paper presents a framework for investigating new mobilities at the local settlement level through developing an understanding of macro and micro factors driving mobility and the consequences in terms of aspects of social and economic distance between mobile populations and host communities. The framework provides for useful insights to be drawn from secondary data sources including the Australian Census and tourist surveys. The paper concludes that the geographic characteristics of short term mobility observed in this research essentially conform to the 'Eight Ds' model of the human and economic geography of sparsely populated areas.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Carson, Dean B., 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Resource deserts, village hierarchies and de-growth in sparsely populated areas : The case of Southern Lapland, Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Fennia. - : Geographical Society of Finland. - 1798-5617. ; 200:2, s. 210-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small villages in northern Sweden have seen a continuing removal of key services, such as schools, shops and public transport, since the 1970s. Disinvestment in public services has not been strategically planned but has happened in response to population loss and increased costs on a case-by-case basis. More recently, there has been a shift in policy thinking to what might be termed a ‘de-growth’ approach where digitalisation and increased personal mobility are used to provide new ways of delivering services. The purpose of this paper is to examine the existence of ‘resource deserts’ in Southern Lapland and the emergence (or consolidation) of village hierarchies in allocating public services. We map out the distribution of neighbourhood services (grocery stores, pre-/schools and petrol pumps) among villages, and explore the lived experiences in accessing these resources in different villages. Our results show that resource deserts clearly exist in the south and east of the region, while villages in the more sparsely populated western mountain areas were generally in a better position to retain resources. We identify a lack of consistent and transparent service planning at the village level as a key shortcoming in municipal and regional service strategies. There appear to be unofficial settlement hierarchies in the differential treatment of villages that are otherwise similar in population size, population change and distance to central places. We find that political decisions on service allocations are likely influenced by several factors. These include legacy effects relating to historic settlement status, the location of villages in relation to key transport or mobility corridors, as well as ideological factors favouring villages with more ‘exotic’ features and development potential in line with the municipalities’ economic, social and political priorities. We finally argue that a shift to de-growth needs to be more strategically planned if it is to eliminate resource deserts and promote equity of service access across all villages.
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| 18. |
- Carson, Dean B., et al.
(författare)
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Small villages and socio-economic change in resource peripheries : a view from Northern Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Dipping in to the North. - Singapore : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9789811566226 - 9789811566233 ; , s. 27-53
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many towns and villages in the inland north of Sweden were settled by independent farmers and foresters, with industry and company towns being relatively rare. In Canada and Australia industry and company towns were more common, and there is some evidence that those towns have found it more difficult to attract and retain population than what we term here as 'settler towns'. Development of alternative economic activities such as tourism has been difficult. In Sweden, however, there is no clear distinction between the recent demographic performance of industry and settler villages, and local economic activity has been relatively unimportant as most villages are well connected to regional labour markets.
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| 19. |
- Carson, Dean B., 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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The continuing advance and retreat of rural settlement in the northern inland of Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Northern Studies. - Umeå : Umeå University; The Royal Skyttean Society. - 1654-5915 .- 2004-4658. ; 13:1, s. 7-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1960, a range of leading rural geographers started a debate about population development and the “advance and retreat” of human settlement in sparsely populated rural areas, including in the inland north of Sweden. In what came to be known as the “Siljan Symposium,” they identified a number of key themes in relation to migration and human mobility that were thought to determine settlement patterns in the inland north, including: internal migration and urbanisation of populations; the role of simultaneous in- and out-migration in re-shaping settlement patterns; redistribution of rural populations through return migration and international migration; and changing preferences for settlement in different northern “zones” based on the methods for exploiting natural resources for agriculture, forestry, mining and energy production. This paper re-visits the main themes from the 1960 Siljan Symposium and examines Swedish register data to identify how migration patterns and the resulting “advance and retreat” of human settlement have changed across the inland of Västerbotten and Norrbotten. The results suggest that, while general urban-rural and regional- local settlement patterns appear to have been relatively consistent, new forms of migration (including internal, return and international) with different preferences for rural settlement emerging in different localities as a result of both persistent (mining, forestry, energy) and changing (tourism, lifestyle) values of natural resources. We also observe substantial differences in migration and urbanisation rates between Norrbotten and Västerbotten. The paper then discusses how the persistence and discontinuity of experiences over the past decades may provide insights into the potential future patterns of northern settlement.
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| 20. |
- Carson, Dean B., 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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The local demography of resource economies : long term implications of natural resource industries for demographic development in sparsely populated areas
- 2016
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Ingår i: Settlements at the edge. - Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781784711955 - 9781784711962 ; , s. 357-378
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Settlements at the Edge examines the evolution, characteristics, functions and shifting economic basis of settlements in sparsely populated areas of developed nations. With a focus on demographic change, the book features theoretical and applied cases which explore the interface between demography, economy, well-being and the environment. This book offers a comprehensive and insightful knowledge base for understanding the role of population in shaping the development and histories of northern sparsely populated areas of developed nations including Alaska (USA), Australia, Canada, Greenland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Finland and other nations with territories within the Arctic Circle.
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| 21. |
- Carson, Dean B., 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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The mining resource cycle and settlement demography in Malå, Northern Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Polar Record. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0032-2474 .- 1475-3057. ; 56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on the demographic impacts of mining in sparsely populated areas has focused primarily on relatively large towns. Less attention has been paid to smaller villages, which may experience different impacts because of their highly concentrated economies and their small populations, making them more vulnerable to demographic “boom and bust” effects. This paper examines demographic change in four small villages in northern Sweden, which are located close to several mining projects but have evolved through different degrees of integration with or separation from mining. Using a longitudinal “resource cycle” perspective, the demographic trajectories of the villages are compared to understand how different types of settlement and engagement with mining have led to different demographic outcomes in the long term. While the four villages experienced similar trajectories in terms of overall population growth and decline, their experiences in relation to more nuanced indicators, including age and gender distributions and population mobilities, were different, and potential reasons for this are discussed. Due to data limitations, however, the long-term demographic consequences of mining for local Sami people remain unclear. The paper problematises this research gap in light of general concerns about mining impacts on traditional Sami livelihoods.
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| 22. |
- Carson, Dean B., 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the demographic future of small Arctic villages using agent-based modelling
- 2022
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Ingår i: More than 'nature'. - Vienna : LIT Verlag. - 9783643912183 - 9783643962188 ; , s. 263-281
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large parts of the Scandinavian Arctic and sub-Arctic are characterized by small settlements of just a few dozen or hundred inhabitants. Many of these villages have experienced loss of population and services. However, recent in-migration and new technologies facilitating ageing in place and e-commute work have seen some villages grow, some stabilize their population base, and many undergo dramatic demographic transformation. These local processes have largely been hidden from policy-makers and planners because standard statistical analyses and demographic modeling are either only applied at regional level, or are poorly suited to such small populations. This chapter introduces an agent-based demographic model (ABDM) applied to small villages in the north of Sweden. ABDMs provide a way to combine quantitative and qualitative data about demographic change processes and model the impacts of these on population size, structure, and dynamics over time. This chapter presents examples of how ABDMs provide insights into demographic change in the northern inland of Sweden and how they might facilitate truly local-level planning in a peripheral Arctic context.
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| 23. |
- Carson, Dean B., 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Who gives? Non-commercial distribution networks in domestic food production in the inland north of Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 16:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the social context of “domestic food production” (dfp) in the inland North of Sweden, with a focus on understanding the contributions of non-commercial food distribution to local food security and sustainable rural community-building. We report on the findings of an exploratory pilot study that included an online survey of 305 people who engaged in at least one dfp activity (hunting, fishing, foraging, or farming). The aims were to uncover common social practices of dfp, as well as to identify key values attached to dfp, the extent of commercial and non-commercial distribution of home-produced food, and motivations to give away food. The main findings emphasize the social nature of dfp activities, with the vast majority of respondents undertaking dfp in groups or as part of formal clubs. Key values attached to dfp included social and community-related aspects, while commercial interests were limited. Respondents were more likely to engage in non-commercial distribution networks, usually involving close family and friends. Food givers mostly cited social factors as their main motivations rather than other food-related aspects (such as food security, health benefits, or food waste). Food givers were also likely to receive food from others, emphasizing the relatively narrow and reciprocal character of non-commercial food networks. We conclude that non-commercial dfp networks may be expanded to the broader community by exploiting the social nature of dfp and encouraging generalized reciprocity led by dfp clubs. This could potentially reduce the negative impacts of food deserts whilst also stimulating community interactions, learning and local dfp communities of practice.
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| 24. |
- Kainz, Thekla, et al.
(författare)
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Temporary Indigenous Mobility in Remote South Australia : Understanding the challenges for urban based health and social service delivery
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural and Community Development. - 1712-8277. ; 7:1, s. 16-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Remote dwelling Indigenous people in Australia frequently move between remote communities and urban centres for reasons such as access to health and social services, cultural and family obligations, or leisure and recreation. Short-term mobility challenges health and social service providers not only to deliver services to remote communities but to make sure that adequate services are available in places Indigenous people visit. This paper documents how service providers in two urban centres in remote South Australia respond to the challenges presented by temporary Indigenous visitors. The paper identifies a number of reasons why the existing health and social service sector is poorly set up to deal with the needs of temporary Indigenous visitors. Many service providers are aware that different groups of (temporary) Indigenous clients may require different services. However, they are limited in their capacity to change existing service strategies due to rigid funding structures and a lack of inter-agency collaboration and service coordination.
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| 25. |
- Taylor, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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‘Walkabout Tourism’ : Is there an Indigenous Tourism Market in Outback Australia?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Athens Journal of Tourism. - Athens : Athens Institute for Education and Research (ATINER). - 2241-8148. ; 1:4, s. 239-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Outback areas of Australia account for much of the landmass with just 5% of the population, many of whom are Indigenous Australians. Despite tourism being an important industry for Outback economies, it has declined in recent decades prompting a search for new and expanding tourism markets. While Indigenous tourism in the form of visits to Indigenous communities, attractions and sites to obtain the Indigenous ‘experience’ has been pursued it has, along with other niche markets, delivered at best limited and isolated successes. But Indigenous people are themselves highly mobile, making frequent and regular trips away from home. In the past these trips were labelled in a derogatory way as ‘walkabout’. The characteristics of these trips posit them firmly within accepted definitions of tourism but, excepting one study on homelessness, there is a vacuum in research on the potential of people ‘on the move’ as a tourist market. Consequently,we do not know the potential size or characteristics of the market, an awkward contradiction given the historical focus on generating tourism at places where Indigenous people live. This study is the first to analyse data for Outback areas from the perspective of providing baseline information about that market. While results are mixed in terms of the potential to support a flailing tourism industry, this study finds that Indigenous people on the move should not be ignored.
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| 26. |
- Taylor, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
-
‘Walkabout’ tourism : The Indigenous tourism market for Outback Australia
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management. - : Elsevier. - 1447-6770. ; 24, s. 9-17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tourism development for remote Indigenous ‘places’ is globally expounded for the potential to garner economic benefits for socio-economically disadvantaged Indigenous citizens. In remote 'Outback' areas of Australia, where half the population are First Australians, tourism is an important industry but has been in decline in recent decades. Whilst Indigenous tourism product development has been pursued it has, along with other niche markets, delivered at best limited and isolated successes. But Indigenous people in Outback Australia are themselves highly mobile, making frequent and regular trips away from home communities and towns. In the past these trips were labelled derogatorily as ‘walkabout’, in spite of trip characteristics positing those ‘on the move’ firmly within accepted definitions of tourism. Few studies to date have explicitly considered Indigenous citizens as tourists, and there has been no systematic research on the potential size or characteristics of the ‘market’, an awkward contradiction given the historical focus on generating tourism at places where Indigenous people live. This research analyses Census data for Australia from the perspective of providing baseline information about the potential of the Indigenous tourist market to support Outback tourism, focusing on identifying the size and characteristics of the internal Outback market and the flows and characteristics of people to and from other meta regions. The results clearly demonstrate there is a potential, with the profile of Indigenous visitors to Outback areas being very different to those travelling away. With financial gains being only one of the potential benefits, this should prompt a re-envisioning of the phenomenon of Indigenous mobility as it may relate to tourism and encourage a research agenda examining market development.
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| 27. |
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Tourism, mobilities, and development in sparsely populated areas
- 2016
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tourism 'mobilities' are not restricted to the movement of tourists between places of origin and destinations. Particularly in more peripheral, remote, or sparsely populated destinations, workers and residents are also likely to be frequently moving between locations. Such destinations attract seasonal or temporary residents, sometimes with only loose ties to the tourism industry. These flows of mobile populations are accompanied by flows of other resources – money, knowledge, ideas and innovations – which can be used to help the economic and social development of the destination. This book examines key aspects of the human mobilities associated with tourism in sparsely populated areas, and investigates how new mobility patterns inspired by technological, economic, political, and social change provide both opportunities and risks for those areas. Examples are drawn from the northern peripheries of Europe and the north of Australia, and the book provides a framework for continuing research into the role that tourism and 'new mobilities' can play in regional development in these locations.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Carson, Dean B., 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
A socially accountable health and care workforce in Northern Sweden : who should it contain, who is it for and what should it do?
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Dipping in to the North. - Singapore : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9789811566233 - 9789811566226 ; , s. 175-194
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter examines two myths affecting development of the health and care workforce in places like the rural north of Sweden. The first is that 'rural health' is primarily concerned with medical care, and the second is that the major challenge facing rural health and care systems is population ageing. We argue that a focus on ageing populations leads to a workforce that is poorly equipped to deal with the needs of youth, Indigenous people, migrants and others. Further, a workforce focused on medical care is limited in capacity to provide holistic and coordinated care for rural residents. We acknowledge that demanding a more knowledgeable and better prepared health and care workforce will increase the challenges of recruitment and retention, but this needs to be balanced against the benefits of having a 'socially accountable' workforce.
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| 30. |
- Carson, Dean B., 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Addressing the workforce crisis in (rural) social care : a scoping review
- 2024
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Health Planning and Management. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0749-6753 .- 1099-1751. ; 39:3, s. 806-823
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This scoping review identifies strategies potentially addressing the ‘workforce crisis’ in rural social care. The increasing global demand for social care has been coupled with widely recognised challenges in recruiting and retaining sufficient staff to provide this care. While the social care workforce crisis is a global phenomenon, it is particularly acute in rural areas.Methods: The review identified 75 papers which (i) had been published since 2017, (ii) were peer reviewed, (iii) concerned social care, (iv) were relevant to rural settings, (v) referenced workforce shortages, and (vi) made recommendations for ways to address those shortages. Thematic synthesis was used to derive three analytical themes with a combined 17 sub-themes applying to recommended strategies and evidence supporting those strategies.Results: The most common strategies for addressing social care workforce shortages were to improve recruitment and retention (‘recruit and retain’) processes without materially changing the workforce composition or service models. Further strategies involved ‘revitalising’ the social care workforce through redeploying existing staff or identifying new sources of labour. A small number of strategies involved ‘re-thinking’ social care service models more fundamentally. Very few papers specifically considered how these strategies might apply to rural contexts, and evidence for the effectiveness of strategies was sparse.Conclusion: The review identifies a significant gap in the literature in relation to workforce innovation and placed-based studies in rural social care systems. It is unlikely that the social care workforce crisis can be addressed through continuing attempts to recruit and retain workers within existing service models.
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| 31. |
- Carson, Dean B., 1970-
(författare)
-
Conclusion
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Settlements at the edge. - Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781784711955 - 9781784711962 ; , s. 427-434
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 32. |
- Carson, Dean B., et al.
(författare)
-
Dipping in to the North : living, working and traveling in sparsely populated areas
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Dipping in to the North. - Singapore : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9789811566226 - 9789811566233 ; , s. 1-14
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter sets the scene for this book. It introduces issues that we relate with living, working and traveling in sparsely populated areas. We explain that 'the north' is more than an area on a geographic map. We relate this with seminal previous research on sparsely populated municipalities under constant pressure due to socio-economic challenges. This chapter also provides concrete local examples of civil society-based local development. It explains how this book nuances both myths of rural areas as struggling and dull or as ideal idylls. We relate this with views of countrysides as productivist, post-productivist and multifunctional. In turbulent times due to global political struggles, climate change and the Corona outbreak, this book shows how the north of Sweden and similar areas are heterogeneous in their dos and don’ts.
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| 33. |
- Carson, Dean B., 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Divining the local : specific challenges for place based planning in sparsely populated areas
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Local Economy. - : SAGE Publications. - 0269-0942 .- 1470-9325. ; 28:3, s. 304-319
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the processes of demographic change is critical for economic and services planning. Often times, planning in ‘rural’ areas is based on an assumption of homogenous populations and drivers of change (ageing, declining traditional rural industries, adaptation to changing environments and so on). This article argues that attention to spatial, social and temporal scales reveals great diversity between places and within places with regards to demographic change and economic potential. We use evidence from seemingly incomparable case examples from the Alpine villages of Austria and the remote Indigenous communities of Australia to demonstrate that differences in mobility over time and between social groups results in very different experiences of local economies. Specifically, social groups (and individuals) experience the local within their own actor-networks. The article examines how the diverse experiences of the local might be measured, and why they are important for ‘local’ policy making and planning. The research is grounded in theories of social and human geography around ‘fragmented development’, actor-network theory and scale.
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| 34. |
- Carson, Dean B., et al.
(författare)
-
Epilogue : From growth to decline to degrowth? The future of Northern SPAs
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Dipping in to the North. - Singapore : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9789811566226 - 9789811566233 ; , s. 393-401
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This final chapter of the book wraps up the discussions in previous chapters and links back to the book's introductory chapter. We reflect on the future of sparsely populated areas in connection with growth, decline and degrowth. We do so through revisiting the intro-chapter's example of local development and broader historical and political perspectives on major current challenges such as the corona pandemic, climate change and the refugee crisis. What does this mean for the north? The need for rural people, places and products has not disappeared. On the contrary, change, transformation and adaptation have been pivotal for development, and this is what we have seen as examples throughout this book.
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| 35. |
- Carson, Dean B, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Government with a Cast of Dozens : Policy Capacity Risks and Policy Work in the Northern Territory
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Australian journal of public administration. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0313-6647 .- 1467-8500. ; 74:2, s. 162-175
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are a number challenges to maintaining high-quality policy capacity in sparsely populated areas such as Australia's Northern Territory (e.g. natural resource dependent economy, prominence of Indigenous issues, provision of local services). Moreover, the Territory government has recently been undergoing a host of public sector changes. This paper utilises survey methodologies of policy workers that were recently developed in Canada and examines nine risk factors to policy work. A survey of 119 policy workers in the Northern Territory was conducted in 2013. The analysis examined four key policy-work areas (policy activities, barriers, areas for improved policy capacity, nature of change in work environment). The survey findings offer some practical insights for managers. Formal policy-work training is recognised as critical. Policy capacity may be increased through better inter-departmental (and potentially inter-governmental) cooperation and information sharing, more opportunities to engage with non-governmental stakeholders, and more opportunities for those leaving the full-time Northern Territory policy workforce to continue to contribute. From a conceptual point of view, the extent to which policy capacity' as commonly conceived in the literature is applicable to contexts, such as Australia's Northern Territory, warrants further examination.
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| 36. |
- Carson, Dean B., 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Hot-spots and spaces in-between : Development and settlement in the "Old North"
- 2019
-
Ingår i: The politics of Arctic resources. - London : Routledge. - 9781138040601 - 9781315174969 ; , s. 18-37
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chapter 2 discusses the changes in habitation or human geography, contextualizing the idea of a sparsely populated region with in fact great variation, from large coastal cities down to the village level. The chapter illustrates that even villages close to each other and with similar economic or other backgrounds can come to vary vastly, depending on factors that are not accessible within a pure demographic context, and questions the use of a sparsely populated area assumption, which may make areas seem unitary in their development.
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| 37. |
- Carson, Dean B., 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Innovation in rural health services requires local actors and local action
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Public Health Reviews. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 0301-0422 .- 2107-6952. ; 43
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: We examine the role of "local actors" and "local action" (LALA) in health service innovation in high-resource small rural settings and aim to inform debates about the extent to which communities can be empowered to drive change in service design and delivery.Methods: Using an adapted roles and activities framework we analyzed 32 studies of innovation projects in public health, clinical interventions, and service models.Results: Rural communities can investigate, lead, own and sustain innovation projects. However, there is a paucity of research reflecting limited reporting capacity and/or understanding of LALA. Highlighting this lack of evidence strengthens the need for study designs that enable an analysis of LALA.Conclusion: Innovation and community participation in health services are pressing issues in small rural settings where population size and distance from health infrastructure make service delivery challenging. Current reviews of community participation in rural health give little insight into the process of innovation nor understanding of how local actors produce improvements in innovation. This review outlines how communities and institutions can harness the essential role of LALA in supporting health innovations.
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| 38. |
- Carson, Dean B., 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Regionalisation and general practitioner and nurse workforce development in regional northern Australia : Insights from 30 years of census migration data
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 91, s. 98-107
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this research is to investigate the extent to which Australia's northern cities have become increasingly important mediators of migration of nurses and general practitioners (GPs) to the regional north since the 1980s. Over that period, national and provincial policy has focused on ‘regionalisation’ of health workforce development, including creating education and training infrastructure outside of metropolitan areas. This paper hypothesises that the effectiveness of regionalisation in northern Australia should be reflected in an increased net flow of GPs and nurses from northern cities (which are the hubs of education and training) to the regional north. Data from the seven Australian Census between 1986 and 2016 are used to model changing patterns of migration. Overall, there was limited evidence of substantial change in migration patterns, although for GPs there was a reduction in migration from the key metropolitan source markets (Brisbane and Adelaide) matching an increase in supply from northern cities. Northern cities have consistently been the source of about one quarter of new nurse and GP migrants to the regional north, but the regional north has become a much less favoured destination for professionals leaving northern cities as cities' populations have grown much faster than regional populations. Net flows have remained small and for nurses have favoured the cities while for GPs favoured the regional north. The paper concludes that, while there is limited evidence of increased ‘spillover’ of labour from the cities to the regional north, there is also no evidence of the cities increasingly ‘spongeing’ regional labour. Cities and regional migration systems may be increasingly disconnected as labour demands diverge, but new connections are being created with the rest of non-metropolitan Australia. The research is the first to analyse health professional migration over such a long period, and contributes to the debates about the roles of cities in sparsely populated areas in the development of their rural and remote hinterlands.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Carson, Dean B., et al.
(författare)
-
The 'rural pipeline' and retention of rural health professionals in Europe's northern peripheries
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Health Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-8510 .- 1872-6054. ; 119:12, s. 1550-1556
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The major advance in informing rural workforce policy internationally over the past 25 years has been the recognition of the importance of the 'rural pipeline'. The rural pipeline suggests that people with 'rural origin' (who spent some childhood years in rural areas) and/or 'rural exposure' (who do part of their professional training in rural areas) are more likely to select rural work locations. What is not known is whether the rural pipeline also increases the length of time professionals spend in rural practice throughout their careers. This paper analyses data from a survey of rural health professionals in six countries in the northern periphery of Europe in 2013 to examine the relationship between rural origin and rural exposure and the intention to remain in the current rural job or to preference rural jobs in future. Results are compared between countries, between different types of rural areas (based on accessibility to urban centres), different occupations and workers at different stages of their careers. The research concludes that overall the pipeline does impact on retention, and that both rural origin and rural exposure make a contribution. However, the relationship is not strong in all contexts, and health workforce policy should recognise that retention may in some cases be improved by recruiting beyond the pipeline.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
-
Dipping in to the North : living, working and traveling in sparsely populated areas
- 2020. - 1
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dipping in to the North explores how changing mobility and migration is affecting the social, economic, cultural, and environmental characteristics of sparsely populated areas of northern Sweden (and places like it). It examines who lives in, works in, and visits the north; how and why this has changed over time; and what those changes mean for how the north might develop in the future. The book draws upon deep expertise and knowledge from a range of social scientists, presenting valuable insights in an accessible style for a broad audience.
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| 43. |
- Dubois, Alexandre, et al.
(författare)
-
Die hard : On the persistence of Swedish upland farming
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 69, s. 41-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using an inductive quantitative approach, this article examines empirically the main characteristics of upland farming in the northern periphery of Sweden. This approach allows us to stepwise 'reconstruct' upland farming in its north Swedish manifestation. The data features farm-level and aggregated data from four municipalities stretching from the Bothnian Golf to the Norwegian border. The combination of GIS and advanced statistical analysis (clustering and regression) provides a robust evidence-base characterising upland farming at the nexus of multiple dimensions: territoriality (e.g. remote location, harsh climate, scattered settlement structure), style (e.g. labour extensive, small-scale, mixed fanning) and livelihood (e.g. plurlactive, diversification, subsidy dependent). The article emphasizes the potentially central role of upland farming in bringing into coherent policy initiatives promoting sustainable community development in the periphery. The study also looks ahead and urges scholars to adopt more systematically mixed methods in future upland farming studies in order to render the complexity of this socio-spatial phenomenon.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Haynes, Katharine, et al.
(författare)
-
Adaptation lessons from Cyclone Tracy part II : Institutional response and Indigenous experiences of Cyclone Tracy
- 2011
-
Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the time of Cyclone Tracy in 1974, Darwin's population included a substantial number of both permanent and transitory Aboriginal people (members of the Larrakia people and the Stolen Generation). This retrospective study collated the experiences of 37 people (23 Indigenous, 14 key government officials). In general, Indigenous people did not appear to have been treated substantially differently from non-Indigenous people in terms of evacuation procedures, health care or resettlement. Some Indigenous study participants discussed how they had been aware of traditional knowledge, but due to their cultural heritage being mixed with a more contemporary Australian education they had not taken the Indigenous early warnings seriously. The interviews revealed that in many ways, Indigenous people considered that they were better better able to cope and recover from the disaster than non-Indigenous people, as they were often more self sufficient than their non-Indigenous neighbours. Their resilience came from not being as reliant on material possessions, their ability to rely on the land for food, and the many family connections and people whom they could get help from. This research has demonstrated that much of the Indigenous population living in Darwin is fairly urbanised and although they retain Indigenous cultural heritage, they are able to work with standard Australian emergency management warnings and procedures. The exception to this is the transient, itinerant Indigenous people and those living in rural areas outside of Darwin who may be without shelter and connection to communities. There is a need for emergency management protocols to also consider the particular vulnerability of such transient itinerant individuals.
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| 46. |
- Heidelbeer, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Experiences of non-resident nurses in Australia's remote Northern Territory
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Rural and remote health. - 1445-6354. ; 13:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: There is emerging concern in the health literature about the impacts of non-resident work modes on the quality of service delivery particularly in sparsely populated or remote areas, but little is known about what non-resident health workers themselves see as the advantages and disadvantages of their modes of work, and whether non-resident workers face the same or different social/personal and professional barriers to rural and remote practice as their resident colleagues. Although literature from the resources sector provides insights into the expected social/personal advantages and disadvantages, very little is said about professional issues. Methods: This article reports on semi-structured interviews conducted with seven non-resident nurses working in remote locations in Australia's Northern Territory in 2011. All nurses lived outside the Northern Territory when not at work. The interviews focussed on how the separation of place of residence and place of work affected nurses' private and professional lives. Results: Social/personal issues faced by these nurses are similar to what has been reported in the broader literature on non-resident work. Nurses who successfully engage in non-resident work develop strategies to manage their lives across multiple locations. However, questions are raised about the professional impacts of non-resident work, in terms of the continuing competency of the workers themselves, the performance of work teams that consist of resident and non-resident workers, and the maintenance of context-specific skills. Conclusions: Non-resident work is likely to become more common in remote areas such as Australia's Northern Territory because of the advantages workers experience in their personal lives. There is an urgent need to address professional issues associated with non-resident work modes.
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| 47. |
- Holyoak, Nicholas, et al.
(författare)
-
VRUM™: A tool for modelling travel patterns of self-drive tourists
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2009. - Vienna : Springer. - 9783211939703 ; , s. 238-247
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes’ a geographic information system (GIS) developed to visualise the road routes selected by self-drive visitors to outback Australia. These visitors are typically on multiple destination trips. While existing data sets describe locations of overnight stops, they do not show the locations visitors come into contact with between overnight stops. The Visualising Relatively Unpredictable Movement (VRUMTM) system imputes complete travel paths for selfdrive visitors, allowing destinations and businesses to assess where they fit in trip itineraries VRUMTM has proven valuable as a tool for visualising changes in travel patterns over time. The system may be readily adapted to other destinations.
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| 48. |
- Jonsson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
-
Landscapes of care and despair for rural youth : a qualitative study in the northern Swedish 'periphery'
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Journal for Equity in Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1475-9276. ; 19:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This study emerges as a response to the lack of youth perspectives when it comes to discussions about access to and experiences of health and social services in rural areas. It subsequently contributes to the literature by positioning young people at the centre of this debate, and by taking a more holistic approach to the topic than is typically the case. Specifically, based on the idea that a good life in proper health for young people may be contingent on notions of care that are bounded up in multi-layered social and spatial environments, the aim of this study was to explore what characterises 'landscapes of care' for rural youth.METHODS: In this qualitative study, the participants included young people and professionals residing in five diverse areas across the northern Swedish 'peripheral' inland. Individual interviews (16 in total) and focus group discussions (26 in total) were conducted with 63 youth aged 14-27 years and with 44 professionals operating across sectors such as health centres, school health, integration units, youth clinics and youth clubs. Following an emergent design and using thematic analysis, we developed one main theme, 'landscapes of care and despair', comprising the two themes: '(dis)connectedness' and 'extended support or troubling gaps'.RESULTS: The findings illustrate how various health-promoting and potentially harmful aspects acting at structural, organisational and interpersonal levels contributed to dynamic landscapes characterised simultaneously by care and despair. In particular, our study shows how rural youths' feelings of belongingness to people and places coupled with opportunities to participate in society and access practical and emotional support appear to facilitate their care within rural settings. However, although the results indicate that some in the diverse group of rural youth were cared for and about, a negative picture was painted in parallel. These aspects of despair included youths' senses of exclusion and marginalisation, degrading attitudes towards them and their problems, as well as recurrent gaps in the provision and practices of care.CONCLUSIONS: To gain a more comprehensive understanding about the health of rural youth, this study highlights the benefits investigating 'care-ful' and 'uncaring' aspects bounded up in dynamic and multi-layered landscapes.
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| 49. |
- Jonsson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
-
Strengthening Community Health Systems Through Novel eHealth Initiatives? Commencing a Realist Study of the Virtual Health Rooms in Rural Northern Sweden
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Health Policy and Management. - : Maad Rayan Publishing Company. - 2322-5939. ; 11:1, s. 39-48
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Unlike the large body of research that has examined the ‘success’ or ‘failure’ of eHealth in terms of patientand provider perceptions or cost- and clinical effectiveness, the current study teases out ways through which a noveleHealth initiative in rural northern Sweden might result in more distal or systemic beneficial outcomes. More specifically,this paper aims to explore how and under what circumstances the so-called virtual health rooms (VHRs) are expectedto improve access to person-centred care and strengthen community health systems, especially for elderly residents ofrural areas.Methods: The first phase of the realist evaluation methodology was conducted, involving qualitative interviews with 8key stakeholders working with eHealth, business development, digitalisation, and process management. Using thematicanalysis and following an abductive-retroductive analytical process, an intervention-context-actor-mechanism-outcome(ICAMO) configuration was developed and elicited into an initial programme theory.Results: The findings indicate that a novel eHealth initiative, which provides reliable technologies in a customizedfacility that connects communities and providers, might improve access to person-centred care and strengthencommunity health systems for rural populations. This is theorized to occur if mechanisms acting at individual (suchas knowledge, skills and trust) and collective (like a common vision and shared responsibilities) levels are triggered incontexts characterised by supportive societal transitions, sufficient organisational readiness and the harnessing of ruralcohesiveness and creativity.Conclusion: The elicited initial programme theory describes and explains how a novel eHealth initiative in ruralnorthern Sweden is presumed to operate and under what circumstances. Further testing, refinements and continuedgradual building of theory following the realist evaluation methodology is now needed to ascertain if the ‘VHRs’ work asintended, for whom, in what conditions and why.
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| 50. |
- Knudsen, Gitte M, et al.
(författare)
-
Guidelines for the content and format of PET brain data in publications and archives : A consensus paper
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. - : SAGE Publications. - 0271-678X .- 1559-7016. ; 40:8, s. 1576-1585
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is a growing concern that outcomes of neuroimaging studies often cannot be replicated. To counteract this, the magnetic resonance (MR) neuroimaging community has promoted acquisition standards and created data sharing platforms, based on a consensus on how to organize and share MR neuroimaging data. Here, we take a similar approach to positron emission tomography (PET) data. To facilitate comparison of findings across studies, we first recommend publication standards for tracer characteristics, image acquisition, image preprocessing, and outcome estimation for PET neuroimaging data. The co-authors of this paper, representing more than 25 PET centers worldwide, voted to classify information as mandatory, recommended, or optional. Second, we describe a framework to facilitate data archiving and data sharing within and across centers. Because of the high cost of PET neuroimaging studies, sample sizes tend to be small and relatively few sites worldwide have the required multidisciplinary expertise to properly conduct and analyze PET studies. Data sharing will make it easier to combine datasets from different centers to achieve larger sample sizes and stronger statistical power to test hypotheses. The combining of datasets from different centers may be enhanced by adoption of a common set of best practices in data acquisition and analysis.
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