| 1. |
- Cronqvist, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Conclusion : Civil Defence Futures (Re)imagined
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cold War Civil Defence in Western Europe : Sociotechnical Imaginaries of Survival and Preparedness - Sociotechnical Imaginaries of Survival and Preparedness. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030842802 - 9783030842819 ; , s. 233-245
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reflecting on the individual studies of civil defence during the Cold War provided in this volume, this brief, concluding chapter performs three tasks. First, against the backdrop of the empirical analyses and the collective exploration of the concept of sociotechnical imaginaries, we reflect on the potential and limitations of this concept in historical scholarship. Second, we sum up the findings of the book by drawing attention to some of the most striking similarities and differences that emerge from the empirical chapters. Finally, we briefly make a case for the value and relevance of civil defence history for current imaginaries of security for civil society in Europe in the face of a highly diverse range of potential threats.
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| 2. |
- Cronqvist, Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Introduction: New Paths in Civil Defence History
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cold War civil defence in Western Europe : Sociotechnical imaginaries of survival and preparedness - Sociotechnical imaginaries of survival and preparedness. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030842802 - 9783030842819 ; , s. 1-23
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction to the volume lays out the rationale and ambitions of the book, delineates its chronological and geographical focus and situates it in the existing historiography of civil defence. One central ambition is to advance civil defence history by attuning it more explicitly to the study of science and technology and to pave the way for transnational and comparative efforts. We do so in two steps. We introduce and explore the concept of sociotechnical imaginaries developed by Sheila Jasanoff and Sang-Hyun Kim, before applying and adjusting it to civil defence history. Finally, the introduction provides a brief overview of the chapters in the volume.
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| 3. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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| 5. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
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| 6. |
- Aczel, Balazs, et al.
(författare)
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Consensus-based guidance for conducting and reporting multi-analyst studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications. - 2050-084X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Any large dataset can be analyzed in a number of ways, and it is possible that the use of different analysis strategies will lead to different results and conclusions. One way to assess whether the results obtained depend on the analysis strategy chosen is to employ multiple analysts and leave each of them free to follow their own approach. Here, we present consensus-based guidance for conducting and reporting such multi-analyst studies, and we discuss how broader adoption of the multi-analyst approach has the potential to strengthen the robustness of results and conclusions obtained from analyses of datasets in basic and applied research.
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| 7. |
- Ager, Philipp, et al.
(författare)
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Fertility and Early-Life Mortality : Evidence from Smallpox Vaccination in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Economic Association. - : Oxford University Press. - 1542-4766 .- 1542-4774. ; 16:2, s. 487-521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The smallpox vaccination method was the paramount medical innovation of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. We exploit the introduction of the smallpox vaccine in Sweden to identify the causal effect of early-life mortality on fertility. Our analysis shows that parishes in counties with higher levels of smallpox mortality prior to the introduction of vaccination experienced greater declines in infant mortality afterward. Exploiting this finding in an instrumental-variable approach reveals that the decline in infant mortality had a negative effect on the number of children born, whereas we find a small insignificant effect on the number of surviving children and natural population growth.
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| 8. |
- Aglago, Elom K., et al.
(författare)
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Dietary Advanced Glycation End-Products and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 13:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dietary advanced glycation end-products (dAGEs) have been hypothesized to be associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) by promoting inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and oxidative stress in the colonic epithelium. However, evidence from prospective cohort studies is scarce and inconclusive. We evaluated CRC risk associated with the intake of dAGEs in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Dietary intakes of three major dAGEs: Nε-carboxy-methyllysine (CML), Nε-carboxyethyllysine (CEL), and Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1) were estimated in 450,111 participants (median follow-up = 13 years, with 6162 CRC cases) by matching to a detailed published European food composition database. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of dAGEs with CRC were computed using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models. Inverse CRC risk associations were observed for CML (HR comparing extreme quintiles: HRQ5vs.Q1 = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85-1.00) and MG-H1 (HRQ5vs.Q1 = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85-1.00), but not for CEL (HRQ5vs.Q1 = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.89-1.05). The associations did not differ by sex or anatomical location of the tumor. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, our findings suggest an inverse association between dAGEs and CRC risk. More research is required to verify these findings and better differentiate the role of dAGEs from that of endogenously produced AGEs and their precursor compounds in CRC development.
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| 9. |
- Aglago, Elom K., et al.
(författare)
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Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products (sRAGE) and Colorectal Cancer Risk : A Case-Control Study Nested within a European Prospective Cohort
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 30:1, s. 182-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Overexpression of the receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) has been associated with chronic inflammation, which in turn has been associated with increased colorectal cancer risk. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) competes with RAGE to bind its ligands, thus potentially preventing RAGE-induced inflammation.METHODS: To investigate whether sRAGE and related genetic variants are associated with colorectal cancer risk, we conducted a nested case-control study in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Plasma sRAGE concentrations were measured by ELISA in 1,361 colorectal cancer matched case-control sets. Twenty-four SNPs encoded in the genes associated with sRAGE concentrations were available for 1,985 colorectal cancer cases and 2,220 controls. Multivariable adjusted ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using conditional and unconditional logistic regression for colorectal cancer risk and circulating sRAGE and SNPs, respectively.RESULTS: Higher sRAGE concentrations were inversely associated with colorectal cancer (ORQ5vs.Q1, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.59-1.00). Sex-specific analyses revealed that the observed inverse risk association was restricted to men (ORQ5vs.Q1, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.42-0.94), whereas no association was observed in women (ORQ5vs.Q1, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.68-1.48; Pheterogeneity for sex = 0.006). Participants carrying minor allele of rs653765 (promoter region of ADAM10) had lower colorectal cancer risk (C vs. T, OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.99).CONCLUSIONS: Prediagnostic sRAGE concentrations were inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk in men, but not in women. An SNP located within ADAM10 gene, pertaining to RAGE shedding, was associated with colorectal cancer risk.IMPACT: Further studies are needed to confirm our observed sex difference in the association and better explore the potential involvement of genetic variants of sRAGE in colorectal cancer development.
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| 10. |
- Almagro Armenteros, José Juan, et al.
(författare)
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SignalP 5.0 improves signal peptide predictions using deep neural networks
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1087-0156 .- 1546-1696. ; 37:4, s. 420-423
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Signal peptides (SPs) are short amino acid sequences in the amino terminus of many newly synthesized proteins that target proteins into, or across, membranes. Bioinformatic tools can predict SPs from amino acid sequences, but most cannot distinguish between various types of signal peptides. We present a deep neural network-based approach that improves SP prediction across all domains of life and distinguishes between three types of prokaryotic SPs.
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| 11. |
- Almqvist, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Report of the Benchmark Workshop on Baltic Cod Stocks (WKBALTCOD)
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ICES Benchmark Workshop on Baltic Cod Stocks (WKBALTCOD), chaired by External Chair Jean-Jacques Maguire, Canada and ICES Chair Marie Storr-Paulsen, Denmark, and attended by two invited external experts Verena Trenkel, France and Meaghan Bryan, USA met in Rostock, Germany, 2–6 March 2015 with 39 participants and six countries represented. The objective of WKBALTCOD was to evaluate the appropriateness of data and methods to determine stock status and investigate meth-ods appropriate to use in the single-stock assessment for the cod stock in SD 22–24 and cod in SD 25–32 in the Baltic. Participants in the workshop were a large group with diverse backgrounds representing the industry, fisheries, NGOs, managers and scientists.The single-stock analytic assessment of the eastern Baltic stock was not accepted by the assessment working group (WGBFAS) in 2014 due to severe problems with the input data. The advice for the eastern Baltic cod was, therefore, based on the ICES approach for data-limited stocks. As an outcome ICES decided to establish a bench-mark for both cod stocks and to scope an integrated assessment for the Baltic cod stocks. The first meeting (WKSIBCA) was therefore meant to introduce the interces-sional work conducted since the assessment working group in April 2014, and to reach some conclusions on how to proceed both in the short term (Benchmark in March 2015) and longer term (2–3 years) and was seen as a data compilation work-shop, there is produced a separate report from this workshop. The WKBALTCOD was the 2nd meeting in the benchmark process and was intended to come up with a final stock assessment method, stock annex and input data for both stocks. As it was not possible to reach conclusive decision on the final model to be used for the east Baltic cod stock during the benchmark meeting and as more work on the preferable models was needed, it was decided by the ACOM leadership to prolong the bench-mark process until the assessment working group meeting in April 2015. This deci-sion has led to a relatively long process partly mixed with the assessment working group WGBFAS.It became clear during the benchmark process that although large effort has been put into explaining the underlying processes leading to the changes in the Baltic ecosys-tem, there is still some lack of understanding of the present situation in the eastern Baltic cod stock. Therefore, it was not possible to reach firm conclusions on the final model to be used and therefore not possible to set reference points. It was decided to continue to explore the most promising models and to continue to improve the input data until the assessment working group started in April.The main challenges still to be solved for the Eastern Baltic cod stock is the quantifi-cation of increased natural mortality and decrease in growth. Through several presentations during the workshop (both WKSIBCA and WKBALTCOD) it became clear that natural mortality very likely has increased in later years, due to decreased condition and increased parasite infection. A decrease in growth also seems plausible duo to a decrease in condition and/or selectivity-induced mortality of the largest in-dividuals. However, as none of these parameters are easily estimated, especially with the severe ageing problems, different model assumptions made the output very shaky.For the western Baltic cod, stock identification issues were examined in area SD 24, the intermediate area: based on otolith characteristics and genetics. Due to the results showing a large proportion of east cod in this area, it was decided to split the catch2 | ICES WKBALTCOD REPORT 2015and survey from SD 24 into either the western or eastern Baltic cod stock. It was pos-sible to derive proportions of eastern and western cod in SD 24 back to the mid-1990s.For the western Baltic cod stock a modelled survey indices was included in the as-sessment covering the western part of SD 24 and Area 22+23 and based on a smoothed ALK.Both cod stocks have in the past used commercial tuning fleet to have a better cov-ered of older age groups. It was decided to abound this time-series duo quality issues such as a limited coverage and problems with technical creeping.WKBALTCOD was not able to explore and define reference points for the Western Baltic cod stock during the meeting due to time constraints, but these were calculated and decided by correspondence after the meeting. The recent protocols on estimation procedures developed by WKMSYREF3 for stocks with a full analytical assessment and for data-limited stocks served as objective guidelines to obtain reference point estimates.
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| 12. |
- Andersen, Casper W., et al.
(författare)
-
OPTIMADE, an API for exchanging materials data
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Nature Portfolio. - 2052-4463. ; 8:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Open Databases Integration for Materials Design (OPTIMADE) consortium has designed a universal application programming interface (API) to make materials databases accessible and interoperable. We outline the first stable release of the specification, v1.0, which is already supported by many leading databases and several software packages. We illustrate the advantages of the OPTIMADE API through worked examples on each of the public materials databases that support the full API specification.
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| 13. |
- Andersen, Casper Welzel, et al.
(författare)
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Redox-Driven Migration of Copper Ions in the Cu-CHA Zeolite as Shown by the InSitu PXRD/XANES Technique
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie - International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851. ; 56:35, s. 10367-10372
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using quasi-simultaneous insitu PXRD and XANES, the direct correlation between the oxidation state of Cu ions in the commercially relevant deNOx NH3-SCR zeolite catalyst Cu-CHA and the Cu ion migration in the zeolitic pores was revealed during catalytic activation experiments. A comparison with recent reports further reveals the high sensitivity of the redox-active centers concerning heating rates, temperature, and gas environment during catalytic activation. Previously, Cu+ was confirmed present only in the 6R. Results verify a novel 8R monovalent Cu site, an eventually large Cu+ presence upon heating to high temperatures in oxidative conditions, and demonstrate the unique potential in combining insitu PXRD and XANES techniques, with which both oxidation state and structural location of the redox-active centers in the zeolite framework could be tracked.
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| 14. |
- Aryana, Bijan, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Country specific customisation of smart phones for emerging markets: insights from case studies in Iran and Turkey
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Logistics Economics and Globalisation. - 1741-5381 .- 1741-5373. ; 4:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Customisation can be placed in different phases of a product lifecycle and even during the use of a product. Effects of cultural differences and country specific characteristics on use of products and consequently country specific customisation are interesting from different perspectives such as business advantage and usability. In this study we did two case studies on first time users of smart phones in emerging markets of Iran and Turkey. We found out that there are some country specific needs and usability problems which may need country specific customisation. Fortunately customisation of smart phones after the standard production in regional markets is feasible because of the flexibility of standard software applications which can be installed on smart phones. In addition existing marketing infrastructures can be used for user research activities which are aimed for customisation. Innovative users also can participate in design for customisation.
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| 15. |
- Aryana, Bijan, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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CULTURAL CUSTOMIZATION OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION DEVICES’ COMPONENTS
- 2010
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Ingår i: DS 60: Proceedings of DESIGN 2010, the 11th International Design Conference, Dubrovnik, Croatia. - 9789537738037 ; , s. 137-146
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modularity of products and using a configuration system are two characteristics of mass customization, which has gained importance in contemporary industries. Culture is among those user characteristics which could affect product specifications. This paper aims to propose an approach for cultural customization of mobile communication devices based upon two elements: the Object Oriented structural design (which is compatible with configuration systems) and an integrative approach of culture oriented design. Experiments illustrate the validity of the proposed approach.
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| 16. |
- Aryana, Bijan, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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New Product Development and consumer culture: a review
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Product Development. - 1477-9056 .- 1741-8178. ; 16:1, s. 45-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper assesses how consumer culture has been addressed in New Product Development (NPD) literature. Based on a classification of NPD-related theories, a set of consumer-culture-related theories is used to identify and categorise relevant literature. User research is not found to be a core method used in the studied literature, and a large number of studies rely on secondary data. Most references study culture’s role in the final phases of NPD when the characteristics of a product are defined, but a lack of guidelines for considering culture in the early phases of NPD was identified.
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| 17. |
- Aryana, Bijan, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Users’ participation in requirements gathering for smart phones applications in emerging markets
- 2015
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Ingår i: Universal Access in the Information Society. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1615-5289 .- 1615-5297. ; 14:2, s. 265-280
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents insights from using requirements gathering techniques for country-specific customization of smart phones in two emerging markets, Iran and Turkey. In each country, a group of users participated in requirements gathering sessions that were aimed at developing design ideas for overcoming country-specific usability problems. Using qualitative content analysis, it was found that in each country some specific interaction activities were considered more when participants generated design ideas for country-specific usability problems. It was also found that even for similar usability problems, participants suggested country-specific solutions. Therefore, it is suggested that participation of local users in the design process should not be limited to identification of usability problems, but should also include the problem-solving phase that is usually a phase in design and development processes in which requirements gathering techniques are being used.
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| 18. |
- Audunson, Ragnar, et al.
(författare)
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Public libraries as public sphere institutions : A comparative study of perceptions of the public library's role in six European countries
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Documentation. - Bingley : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0022-0418 .- 1758-7379. ; 75:6, s. 1396-1415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of public libraries as institutions underpinning a democratic public sphere as reasons legitimizing libraries compared to reasons that are more traditional and the actual use of libraries as public sphere arenas.Design/methodology/approachA survey of representative samples of the adult population in six countries – Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Germany, Hungary and Switzerland – was undertaken.FindingsLegitimations related to the libraries role as a meeting place and arena for public debate are ranked as the 3 least important out of 12 possible legitimations for upholding a public library service. Libraries are, however, used extensively by the users to access citizenship information and to participate in public sphere relevant meetings.Originality/valueFew studies have empirically analyzed the role of libraries in upholding a democratic and sustainable public sphere. This study contributes in filling that gap.
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| 19. |
- Axen, Iben, et al.
(författare)
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Misinformation, chiropractic, and the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2020
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Ingår i: Chiropractic and Manual Therapies. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2045-709X. ; 28:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: In March 2020, the World Health Organization elevated the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic to a pandemic and called for urgent and aggressive action worldwide. Public health experts have communicated clear and emphatic strategies to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Hygiene rules and social distancing practices have been implemented by entire populations, including 'stay-at-home' orders in many countries. The long-term health and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are not yet known.Main text: During this time of crisis, some chiropractors made claims on social media that chiropractic treatment can prevent or impact COVID-19. The rationale for these claims is that spinal manipulation can impact the nervous system and thus improve immunity. These beliefs often stem from nineteenth-century chiropractic concepts. We are aware of no clinically relevant scientific evidence to support such statements. We explored the internet and social media to collect examples of misinformation from Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand regarding the impact of chiropractic treatment on immune function. We discuss the potential harm resulting from these claims and explore the role of chiropractors, teaching institutions, accrediting agencies, and legislative bodies.Conclusions: Members of the chiropractic profession share a collective responsibility to act in the best interests of patients and public health. We hope that all chiropractic stakeholders will view the COVID-19 pandemic as a call to action to eliminate the unethical and potentially dangerous claims made by chiropractors who practise outside the boundaries of scientific evidence.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Bakken, TE, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative cellular analysis of motor cortex in human, marmoset and mouse
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 598:7879, s. 111-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary motor cortex (M1) is essential for voluntary fine-motor control and is functionally conserved across mammals1. Here, using high-throughput transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of more than 450,000 single nuclei in humans, marmoset monkeys and mice, we demonstrate a broadly conserved cellular makeup of this region, with similarities that mirror evolutionary distance and are consistent between the transcriptome and epigenome. The core conserved molecular identities of neuronal and non-neuronal cell types allow us to generate a cross-species consensus classification of cell types, and to infer conserved properties of cell types across species. Despite the overall conservation, however, many species-dependent specializations are apparent, including differences in cell-type proportions, gene expression, DNA methylation and chromatin state. Few cell-type marker genes are conserved across species, revealing a short list of candidate genes and regulatory mechanisms that are responsible for conserved features of homologous cell types, such as the GABAergic chandelier cells. This consensus transcriptomic classification allows us to use patch–seq (a combination of whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, RNA sequencing and morphological characterization) to identify corticospinal Betz cells from layer 5 in non-human primates and humans, and to characterize their highly specialized physiology and anatomy. These findings highlight the robust molecular underpinnings of cell-type diversity in M1 across mammals, and point to the genes and regulatory pathways responsible for the functional identity of cell types and their species-specific adaptations.
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| 22. |
- Bang, Casper N., et al.
(författare)
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Antihypertensive treatment with β-blockade in patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis and association with cardiovascular events
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 2047-9980. ; 6:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients with aortic stenosis (AS) often have concomitant hypertension. Antihypertensive treatment with a beta-blocker (Bbl) is frequently avoided because of fear of depression of left ventricular function. However, it remains unclear whether antihypertensive treatment with a Bbl is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with asymptomatic mild to moderate AS.Methods and results: We did a post hoc analysis of 1873 asymptomatic patients with mild to moderate AS and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction in the SEAS (Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis) study. Propensity-matched Cox regression and competing risk analyses were used to assess risk ratios for all-cause mortality, sudden cardiac death, and cardiovascular death. A total of 932 (50%) patients received Bbl at baseline. During a median follow-up of 4.3 +/- 0.9 years, 545 underwent aortic valve replacement, and 205 died; of those, 101 were cardiovascular deaths, including 40 sudden cardiovascular deaths. In adjusted analyses, Bbl use was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 0.5, 95% confidence interval 0.3-0.7, P<0.001), cardiovascular death (hazard ratio 0.4, 95% confidence interval 0.2-0.7, P<0.001), and sudden cardiac death (hazard ratio 0.2, 95% confidence interval 0.1-0.6, P=0.004). This was confirmed in competing risk analyses (all P<0.004). No interaction was detected with AS severity (all P>0.1).Conclusions: In post hoc analyses Bbl therapy did not increase the risk of all-cause mortality, sudden cardiac death, or cardiovascular death in patients with asymptomatic mild to moderate AS. A prospective study may be warranted to determine if Bbl therapy is in fact beneficial.
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| 23. |
- Bang, Casper N., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of lipid lowering on new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis : The Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis (SEAS) study
- 2012
-
Ingår i: American Heart Journal. - : Elsevier. - 0002-8703 .- 1097-6744. ; 163:4, s. 690-696
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Lipid-lowering drugs, particularly statins, have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that may prevent atrial fibrillation (AF). This effect has not been investigated on new-onset AF in asymptomatic patients with aortic stenosis (AS). Methods Asymptomatic patients with mild-to-moderate AS (n = 1,421) were randomized (1: 1) to double-blind simvastatin 40 mg and ezetimibe 10 mg combination or placebo and followed up for a mean of 4.3 years. The primary end point was the time to new-onset AF adjudicated by 12-lead electrocardiogram at a core laboratory reading center. Secondary outcomes were the correlates of new-onset AF with nonfatal nonhemorrhagic stroke and a combined end point of AS-related events. Results During the course of the study, new-onset AF was detected in 85 (6%) patients (14.2/1,000 person-years of follow-up). At baseline, patients who developed AF were, compared with those remaining in sinus rhythm, older and had a higher left ventricular mass index a smaller aortic valve area index. Treatment with simvastatin and ezetimibe was not associated with less new-onset AF (odds ratio 0.89 [95% CI 0.57-1.97], P = .717). In contrast, age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.07 [95% CI 1.05-1.10], P < .001) and left ventricular mass index (HR 1.01 [95% CI 1.01-1.02], P < .001) were independent predictors of new-onset AF. The occurrence of new-onset AF was independently associated with 2-fold higher risk of AS-related outcomes (HR 1.65 [95% CI 1.02-2.66], P = .04) and 4-fold higher risk of nonfatal nonhemorrhagic stroke (HR 4.04 [95% CI 1.18-13.82], P = .03). Conclusions Simvastatin and ezetimibe were not associated with less new-onset AF. Older age and greater left ventricular mass index were independent predictors of AF development. New-onset AF was associated with a worsening of prognosis. (Am Heart J 2012;163:690-6.)
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| 24. |
- Bang, Casper N, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Randomized Lipid Lowering With Simvastatin and Ezetimibe on Cataract Development (from the Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis Study)
- 2015
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Ingår i: American Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9149 .- 1879-1913. ; 116:12, s. 1840-1844
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines on statin initiation on the basis of total atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk argue that the preventive effect of statins on cardiovascular events outweigh the side effects, although this is controversial. Studies indicate a possible effect of statin therapy on reducing risk of lens opacities. However, the results are conflicting. The Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis study (NCT00092677) enrolled 1,873 patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis and no history of diabetes, coronary heart disease, or other serious co-morbidities were randomized (1:1) to double-blind 40 mg simvastatin plus 10 mg ezetimibe versus placebo. The primary end point in this substudy was incident cataract. Univariate and multivariate Cox models were used to analyze: (1) if the active treatment reduced the risk of the primary end point and (2) if time-varying low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol lowering (annually assessed) was associated with less incident cataract per se. During an average follow-up of 4.3 years, 65 patients (3.5%) developed cataract. Mean age at baseline was 68 years and 39% were women. In Cox multivariate analysis adjusted for age, gender, prednisolone treatment, smoking, baseline LDL cholesterol and high sensitivity C-reactive protein; simvastatin plus ezetimibe versus placebo was associated with 44% lower risk of cataract development (hazard ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.33 to 0.96, p = 0.034). In a parallel analysis substituting time-varying LDL-cholesterol with randomized treatment, lower intreatment LDL-cholesterol was in itself associated with lower risk of incident cataract (hazard ratio 0.78 per 1 mmol/ml lower total cholesterol, 95% confidence interval 0.64 to 0.93, p = 0.008). In conclusion, randomized treatment with simvastatin plus ezetimibe was associated with a 44% lower risk of incident cataract development. This effect should perhaps be considered in the risk-benefit ratio of statin treatment.
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| 25. |
- Bang, Casper N., et al.
(författare)
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Four-Group Classification of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Based on Ventricular Concentricity and Dilatation Identifies a Low-Risk Subset of Eccentric Hypertrophy in Hypertensive Patients
- 2014
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Ingår i: Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging. - 1941-9651 .- 1942-0080. ; 7:3, s. 422-429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background-Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH; high LV mass [LVM]) is traditionally classified as concentric or eccentric based on LV relative wall thickness. We evaluated the prediction of subsequent adverse events in a new 4-group LVH classification based on LV dilatation (high LV end-diastolic volume [EDV] index) and concentricity (mass/end-diastolic volume [M/EDV](2/3)) in hypertensive patients. Methods and Results-In the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction (LIFE) echocardiography substudy, 939 hypertensive patients with measurable LVM at baseline were randomized to a mean of 4.8 years of losartan- or atenolol-based treatment. Patients with LVH (LVM/body surface area >= 116 and >= 96 g/m(2) in men and woman, respectively) were divided into 4 groups-concentric nondilated (increased M/EDV, normal EDV), eccentric dilated (increased EDV, normal M/EDV), concentric dilated (increased M/EDV and EDV), and eccentric nondilated (normal M/EDV and EDV)-and compared with patients with normal LVM. Time-varying LVH classes were tested for association with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and a composite end point of myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and cardiovascular death in multivariable Cox analyses. At baseline, the LVs were categorized as eccentric nondilated in 12%, eccentric dilated in 20%, concentric nondilated in 29%, concentric dilated in 14%, and normal LVM in 25%. Treatment changed the prevalence of 4 LVH groups to 23%, 4%, 5%, and 7%; 62% had normal LVM after 4 years. In time-varying Cox analyses, compared with normal LVM, those with eccentric dilated and both concentric nondilated and dilated LVH had increased risks of all-cause or cardiovascular mortality or the composite end point, whereas the eccentric nondilated group did not. Conclusions-Hypertensive patients with relatively mild LVH without either increased LV volume or concentricity have similar risk of all-cause mortality or cardiovascular events because hypertensive patients with normal LVM seem to be a low-risk group.
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| 26. |
- Bang, Casper N., et al.
(författare)
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Renin-angiotensin system inhibition is not associated with increased sudden cardiac death, cardiovascular mortality or all-cause mortality in patients with aortic stenosis
- 2014
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 175:3, s. 492-498
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Renin-angiotensin system inhibition (RASI) is frequently avoided in aortic stenosis (AS) patients because of fear of hypotension. We evaluated if RASI with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) increased mortality in patients with mild to moderate AS. Methods: All patients (n = 1873) from the Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis study: asymptomatic patients with AS and preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction were included. Risks of sudden cardiac death (SCD), cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality according to RASI treatment were analyzed by multivariable time-varying Cox models and propensity score matched analyses. Results: 769 (41%) patients received RASI. During a median follow-up of 4.3 +/- 0.9 years, 678 patients were categorized as having severe AS, 545 underwent aortic valve replacement, 40 SCDs, 103 cardiovascular and 205 all-cause deaths occurred. RASI was not associated with SCD (HR: 1.19 [95% CI: 0.50-2.83], p = 0.694), cardiovascular (HR: 1.05 [95% CI: 0.62-1.77], p = 0.854) or all-cause mortality (HR: 0.81 [95% CI: 0.55-1.20], p = 0.281). This was confirmed in propensity matched analysis (all p > 0.05). In separate analyses, RASI was associated with larger reduction in systolic blood pressure (p = 0.001) and less progression of LV mass (p = 0.040). Conclusions: RASI was not associated with SCD, cardiovascular or all-cause mortality in asymptomatic AS patients. However, RASI was associated with a potentially beneficial decrease in blood pressure and reduced LV mass progression. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 27. |
- Bang, Casper N., et al.
(författare)
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Systolic left ventricular function according to left ventricular concentricity and dilatation in hypertensive patients : the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 31:10, s. 2060-2068
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Left ventricular hypertrophy [LVH, high left ventricular mass (LVM)] is traditionally classified as concentric or eccentric based on left ventricular relative wall thickness. We evaluated left ventricular systolic function in a new four-group LVH classification based on left ventricular dilatation [high left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV) index and concentricity (LVM/EDV(2/3))] in hypertensive patients.Methods and results:Nine hundred thirty-nine participants in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) echocardiography substudy had measurable LVM at enrolment. Patients with LVH (LVM/body surface area 116g/m(2) in men and 96g/m(2) in women) were divided into four groups; eccentric nondilated' (normal LVM/EDV and EDV), eccentric dilated' (increased EDV, normal LVM/EDV), concentric nondilated' (increased LVM/EDV with normal EDV), and concentric dilated' (increased LVM/EDV and EDV) and compared to patients with normal LVM. At baseline, 12% had eccentric nondilated, 20% eccentric dilated, 29% concentric nondilated, and 14% concentric dilated LVH, with normal LVM in 25%. Compared with the concentric nondilated LVH group, those with concentric dilated LVH had significantly lower pulse pressure/stroke index and ejection fraction; higher LVM index, stroke volume, cardiac output, left ventricular midwall shortening, left atrial volume and isovolumic relaxation time; and more had segmental wall motion abnormalities (all P<0.05). Similar differences existed between patients with eccentric dilated and those with eccentric nondilated LVH (all P<0.05). Compared with patients with normal LVM, the eccentric nondilated had higher LV stroke volume, pulse pressure/stroke index, Cornell voltage product and SBP, and lower heart rate and fewer were African-American (all P<0.05).Conclusion:The new four-group classification of LVH identifies dilated subgroups with reduced left ventricular function among patients currently classified with eccentric or concentric LVH.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Bauer, Liza B., et al.
(författare)
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Introduction: Ecocriticism and Narrative Form
- 2021
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Ingår i: SubStance. - : Johns Hopkins University Press. - 0049-2426 .- 1527-2095. ; 50:3, s. 3-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Narrative has proven itself a continuous as well as adaptable means for environmentally oriented expression. Its role goes beyond the mediation of pre-existing knowledge imported into the realm of storytelling from other domains; rather, influential models of the natural world tend to circulate as storyworlds. This special issue of SubStance proceeds from the premise that narratives are not only a sequence of (material) signs encoding a story but also “invisible, elusive representations that exist only in the mind.” Narrative forms generate and transfer environmental knowledge; moreover, any specifically narrative concerns are important contributing factors to the models of agency, change, and nonhuman subjecthood that serve as the basis of environmental thought and action at a given time. Narrative, in other words, influences what is considered knowable (and doable) in an environment. In no small part, it also determines what the contested term ‘environment’ encompasses in the first place: any “terrains located at the intersection of economic, political, social, cultural, and sexual ecologies” can also be conceived as matters of narrative negotiation. Consequently, inquiries into eco-narrative form allow us to put into focus the exclusionary limits, perspectival narrowings, and restrictions of agency that precede and underlie any seemingly ‘pristine’ environment.
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| 30. |
- Bayani, Mohsen, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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A strategy for developing an inclusive load case for verification of squeak and rattle noises in the car cabin
- 2021
-
Ingår i: SAE Technical Papers. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191 .- 2688-3627.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Squeak and rattle (S&R) are nonstationary annoying and unwanted noises in the car cabin that result in considerable warranty costs for car manufacturers. Introduction of cars with remarkably lower background noises and the recent emphasis on electrification and autonomous driving further stress the need for producing squeak- and rattle-free cars. Automotive manufacturers use several road disturbances for physical evaluation and verification of S&R. The excitation signals collected from these road profiles are also employed in subsystem shaker rigs and virtual simulations that are gradually replacing physical complete vehicle test and verification. Considering the need for a shorter lead time and the introduction of optimisation loops, it is necessary to have efficient and inclusive excitation load cases for robust S&R evaluation. In this study, a method is proposed to truncate and identify the important parts of the different road profiles that are often used for S&R physical verification and then merge them to develop one representative excitation load case. The criteria for signal truncation were based on the S&R risk and severity metrics calculated from the vibration response at the critical interfaces for S&R. the method was used in a case study involving the instrument panel of a passenger car. Results of the virtual simulation and the rig tests were compared with the complete vehicle test. The proposed synthesised signal generation strategy was validated by physical testing through measuring vibration signals. The results supported the possibility of replacing multiple S&R excitation signals with one single representative inclusive signal, while the quality of S&R risk prediction from the system response was maintained. The outcome of this work can lead to a more efficient physical and virtual S&R verification in the development process of passenger cars.
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| 31. |
- Bayani, Mohsen, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of sound characteristics to design an annoyance metric for rattle sounds in the automotive industry
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration. - 1479-148X .- 1479-1471. ; 17:17, s. 3-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this research, a new objective psychoacoustic metric for predicting the annoyance level of the rattle sounds in the automotive industry is proposed. Compared with previous works, in addition to the standard psychoacoustic metrics, new statistical measures of average relative prominence and normalised number of peaks are introduced and employed. A subjective listening test was conducted to elicit the perception of annoyance level of the rattle sounds by the car users. The subjective test was based on the new method of paired comparison with indirect magnitude estimation, developed and proposed in this study by the authors. The accuracy of the metric proposed was checked by the coefficient of determination and error measures. The perceived annoyance metric proposed can be tuned for predicting other similar impulsive sounds in other disciplines as well. Also, the authors would like to encourage other researchers to employ the subjective test method proposed for other similar applications.
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| 32. |
- Bayani, Mohsen, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of temperature variation on the perceived annoyance of rattle sounds in the automotive industry
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Congress on Acoustics. - 2226-7808 .- 2415-1599. - 9783939296157 ; 2019-September, s. 4383-4390
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Product quality improvements and electrification in automotive industries, denote the growing need for squeak and rattle free cars. Studying the relation between main sources of rattle sound, like temperature changes and the emitted sound can help to improve the design robustness. In this research, the effect of temperature on the perceived annoyance level of rattle sounds that are generated from selected material pairs from the car cabin is studied. The sound stimuli were collected from a rattle test apparatus by binaural technology in laboratory condition, by a parameter study on temperature, gap and material pairs. Estimated annoyance levels, using the psychoacoustic metric developed through a subjective listening survey, show that perceived annoyance of rattle sounds varies differently for various materials in different ambient and boundary conditions. Employing this approach can lead to a rattle sound database for material pairs to be incorporated with geometry variation results for requirement setting and design robustness improvements in the early development phases of passenger cars before the physical prototypes are available.
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| 33. |
- Bayani, Mohsen, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Empirical characterisation of friction parameters for non-linear stick-slip simulation to predict the severity of squeak sounds
- 2021
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Ingår i: SAE International Journal of Vehicle Dynamics, Stability, and NVH. - : SAE International. - 2380-2162 .- 2380-2170. ; 6:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Squeak and rattle (S&R) are nonstationary annoying sounds inside the car cabin that impose high warranty costs on car manufacturers. The need for taking S&R preventing measures and the maturity level and cost considerations of the physical prototypes during the pre-design-freeze stages justifies the use of virtual simulation methods. Squeak is a friction-induced high-frequency sound that is attributed to the stick-slip friction phenomenon. The importance of the friction parameters in the squeak severity prognosis is analytically and experimentally mentioned in the literature. However, studying the variation of these parameters respecting the changes in loading and driving conditions with the aim of application in virtual simulations has remained limited or too simplistic. In this work, the rate weakening effect of the friction coefficient curve was involved in the nonlinear finite element simulation of stick-slip events by an exponential decay formulation. The approximated squeak severity by the virtual simulations for selected material pairs agreed with the empirical results from a flexural stick-slip test bench. From the empirical stick-slip data, the dependence of the squeak severity on the friction decay coefficient and the difference of static and kinetic friction coefficients at low and high normal loads were observed, respectively. The relativity of friction parameters on the test conditions demands a dynamic updating of the friction model that can be achieved by polynomial or exponential approximations. Also, the observed polynomial relationship between the squeak severity and the operational conditions can be used to estimate the squeak severity from the linear dynamic simulation results. The outcome of this work can help to better understand the influence of the friction modelling parameters and their variation respecting the operational conditions. This can facilitate a more accurate prediction of squeak risk by employing virtual simulation tools in the pre-design-freeze stages of car development.
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| 34. |
- Bayani, Mohsen, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Finite Element Model Reduction Applied to Nonlinear Impact Simulation for Squeak and Rattle Prediction
- 2020
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Ingår i: SAE Technical Papers. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191 .- 2688-3627. ; 3:2, s. 1081-1091
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing demand for simulation accuracy often leads to increased finite element model complexity, which in turn, results in higher computational costs. As a provision, component mode synthesis approaches are employed to approximate the system response by using dynamic substructuring and model reduction techniques in linear systems. However, the use of available model reduction techniques in nonlinear problems containing the contact type of nonlinearities remains an interesting topic. In this paper, the application of a component mode synthesis method in squeak and rattle nonlinear simulation has been investigated. Critical regions for squeak and rattle of the side door model of a passenger car were modelled by nonlinear contact definition in finite element simulation. Craig-Bampton model reduction method was employed to substructure the finite element model while keeping the nonlinear contacts in the model. The model response was evaluated using the modal assurance criterion, frequency response analysis and contact force magnitude in comparison with the baseline model. Results showed that a great reduction in computational time (about 98%) can be achieved while the accuracy of the system response was maintained at an acceptable range for the intended application for squeak and rattle simulation. Although the prediction of impact events in time was done accurately, the contact force magnitude was estimated with average error of 2.5% to 22%, compared with the baseline results. The outcomes of the study show that to empower squeak and rattle prediction by including contact interfaces in finite element simulations, implementation of the model reduction approach can compensate the simulation cost.
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| 35. |
- Bayani, Mohsen, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Geometric robustness and dynamic response management by structural topometry optimisation to reduce the risk for squeak and rattle
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Design Science. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2053-4701. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Historically, squeak and rattle (S&R) sounds have been among the top quality problems and a major contributor to the warranty costs in passenger cars. Geometric variation is among the main causes of S&R. Though, geometric variation analysis and robust design techniques have been passively involved in the open-loop design activities in the predesign-freeze phases of car development. Despite the successful application of topometry optimisation to enhance attributes such as weight, durability, noise and vibration and crashworthiness in passenger cars, the implementation of closed-loop structural optimisation in the robust design context to reduce the risk for S&R has been limited. In this respect, the main obstacles have been the demanding computational resources and the absence of quantified S&R risk evaluation methods. In this work, a topometry optimisation approach is proposed to involve the geometric variation analysis in an attribute balancing problem together with the dynamic response of the system. The proposed method was used to identify the potential areas of a door component that needed structural reinforcement. The main objective was to enhance the design robustness to minimise the risk for S&R by improving the system response to static geometrical uncertainties and dynamic excitation.
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| 36. |
- Bayani, Mohsen, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Nonlinear modelling and simulation of impact events and validation with physical data
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of ISMA 2018 - International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering and USD 2018 - International Conference on Uncertainty in Structural Dynamics. - : KU Leuven - Departement Werktuigkunde. - 9789073802995 ; , s. 4427-4441
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Squeak and Rattle are nonstationary sounds that imply quality deficiency in premium cars. In order to enhance prediction and verification capabilities of squeak and rattle problems upfront in product development phases, robust and accurate virtual models are required. In this research, a modelling approach is employed to simulate the nonlinear response of impact events from a rattle-producing machine by finite element analysis. The model comprises nonlinear contact interactions to capture the system response at impact events and is correlated versus experimental data considering the modal and time domain response. A sensitivity study is performed on the parameters of the contact model. System response is formulated in the form of impact kinematic and kinetic components, which are well correlated with rattle sounds in impact events. The parameters with high impact factor are identified. These results can be used to estimate the response with higher accuracy and enhance rattle event prediction capability.
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| 37. |
- Bayani, Mohsen, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Resonance Risk and Mode Shape Management in the Frequency Domain to Prevent Squeak and Rattle
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, Transactions of the ASME. - : ASME International. - 1048-9002 .- 1528-8927. ; 144:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Avoiding quality problems in passenger cars, such as squeak and rattle (S&R), has been a remarkable cost-saving consideration. The introduction of electric engines and autonomous driving is expected to further stress the need for quieter cabins. However, the complexity of S&R events has obstructed the practical treatment of these quality issues in the pre-design-freeze phases of product development. In this study, new quantified frequency-domain metrics are proposed to measure the risk of S&R generation in car subsystems. The proposed metrics measure the resonance risk and the mode shape similarity in the critical interfaces for S&R. The calculations are done based on the system response in the frequency domain. Compared with the time-domain evaluation methods, the knowledge about the system excitation levels is not essential and the calculations are more time-efficient. The proposed metrics can be used in design optimization processes to involve S&R attributes in the pre-design-freeze attribute trade-off activities besides other attributes. In this work, these metrics were used in a previously developed two-stage optimization approach to determine the connection configuration in two industrial cases. As compared with the baseline design, the risk for S&R was reduced by improving the system behavior in terms of resonance risk and mode shape similarity. This was achieved by applying adjustments to the location of the fasteners while maintaining the same general connection configuration concept.
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| 38. |
- Bayani, Mohsen, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Squeak and rattle prevention by geometric variation management using a two-stage evolutionary optimisation approach
- 2020
-
Ingår i: ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Proceedings (IMECE). ; 2B-2020
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Squeak and rattle are annoying sounds that often are regarded as the indicators for defects and quality issues by the automotive customers. Among the major causes for the generation of squeak and rattle sounds, geometric variation or tolerance stack-up is a key contributor. In the assembly process, the dimensional variation in critical interfaces for generating squeak and rattle events can be magnified due to tolerance stackup. One provision to manage the tolerance stack-up in these critical interfaces is to optimise the location of connectors between parts in an assembly. Hence, the focus of this work is to prevent squeak and rattle by introducing a geometric variation management approach to be used in the design phase in the automotive industry. The objective is to identify connection configurations that result in minimum variation and deviation in selected measure points from the critical interfaces for squeak and rattle. In this study, a two-stage evolutionary optimisation scheme, based on the genetic algorithm employing the elitism pool, is introduced to fine-tune the connectors’ configuration in an assembly. The objective function was defined as the variation and the deviation in the normal direction and the squeak plane. In the first stage, the location of one-dimensional connectors was found by minimising the objective function in the rattle direction. In the second stage, the best combination of some of the connectors from the first stage was found to define planar fasteners to optimise the objective function both in the rattle direction and the squeak plane. It was shown that by using the proposed two-stage optimisation scheme, the variation and deviation results in critical interfaces for squeak and rattle improved compared to the baseline results.
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| 39. |
- Bayani, Mohsen, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Squeak and rattle prevention by geometric variation management using a two-stage evolutionary optimization approach
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering. - : ASME International. - 1530-9827 .- 1944-7078. ; 22:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Squeak and rattle are annoying sounds that are often regarded as failure indicators by car users. Geometric variation is a key contributor to the generation of squeak and rattle sounds. Optimization of the connection configuration in assemblies can be a provision to minimize this risk. However, the optimization process for large assemblies can be computationally expensive. The focus of this work is to propose a two-stage evolutionary optimization scheme to find the fittest connection configurations that minimize the risk for squeak and rattle. This was done by defining the objective functions as the measured variation and deviation in the rattle direction and the squeak plane. In the first stage, the location of the fasteners primarily contributing to the rattle direction measures is identified. In the second stage, fasteners primarily contributing to the squeak plane measures are added to the fittest configuration from phase one. It was assumed that the fasteners from the squeak group plane have a lower-order effect on the rattle direction measures, compared to the fasteners from the rattle direction group. This assumption was falsified for a set of simplified geometries. Also, a new uniform space filler algorithm was introduced to efficiently generate an inclusive and feasible starting population for the optimization process by incorporating the problem constraints in the algorithm. For two industrial cases, it was shown that by using the proposed two-stage optimization scheme, the variation and deviation measures in critical interfaces for squeak and rattle improved compared to the baseline results.
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| 40. |
- Becker, Joel, et al.
(författare)
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Resource profile and user guide of the Polygenic Index Repository
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Nature Research (part of Springer Nature). - 2397-3374. ; 51:6, s. 694-695
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polygenic indexes (PGIs) are DNA-based predictors. Their value for research in many scientific disciplines is growing rapidly. As a resource for researchers, we used a consistent methodology to construct PGIs for 47 phenotypes in 11 datasets. To maximize the PGIs’ prediction accuracies, we constructed them using genome-wide association studies—some not previously published—from multiple data sources, including 23andMe and UK Biobank. We present a theoretical framework to help interpret analyses involving PGIs. A key insight is that a PGI can be understood as an unbiased but noisy measure of a latent variable we call the ‘additive SNP factor’. Regressions in which the true regressor is this factor but the PGI is used as its proxy therefore suffer from errors-in-variables bias. We derive an estimator that corrects for the bias, illustrate the correction, and make a Python tool for implementing it publicly available. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Beentjes, Casper, et al.
(författare)
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Equalizing the Cost of Health Insurance
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 126th European Study GroupMathematics with Industry. - : SWI. ; , s. 29-49
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Dutch government compensates health insurance companies when insuringindividuals who are estimated to have high health care costs. This is necessaryto avoid insurers not offering services to certain groups or not providing themwith a high quality of service. It is, however, unknown to what extent thedifferences in health care expenses by different groups of people are truly due toa poorer or better health status. We explore several statistical approaches thatfacilitate explaining the cause of these differences.
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| 43. |
- Bekebrede, Geertje, et al.
(författare)
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Beauty or the Beast : Importance of the Attraction of Educational Games
- 2012
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Ingår i: Student Usability in Educational Software and Games. - : IGI Global. - 9781466619876 ; , s. 138-160
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Educational games are often less attractive than entertainment games in visuals, gameplay, and other aspects, but do we need entertainment-level beauties in our education or are beasts sufficient? To identify the importance of attraction for educational games, the authors offer the results of a comparative analysis of five educational games used and evaluated from 2005-2010 (N=754). They operationalized attraction through statements in which players were asked to rate the games’ visual, gameplay, and user interface attractiveness. While some scholars argue that for game-based education to become successful, educational games need to be visually more attractive, the results of the analysis show the opposite. For educational games, attraction is of relatively low importance. The authors further found that gameplay is the most important aspect of attraction and visuals the least. These results contribute to the debate amongst designers and educators on what priorities to set when considering game-based education.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Bennesved, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Embedding preparedness, assigning responsibility : the role of film in sociotechnical imaginaries of civil defence
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cold war civil defence in Western Europe. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030842819 - 9783030842802 ; , s. 103-128
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter examines the role of film and television in embedding sociotechnical imaginaries of civil defence during the early nuclear age (c. 1949-1965) by zooming in on Sweden and Denmark, two neighbouring countries that differed both in terms of their political position in the Cold War and in the scale of their civil defence efforts. Following a theoretical discussion of the psychosocial effects of films and their manner of circulation, we analyse Swedish and Danish films in two periods demarcated by the thermonuclear disruption of civil defence during the mid-1950s. The analysis highlights how films were used to frame technologies and script and perform social norms. We argue that films constitute an important source for understanding the difficulties of embedding sociotechnical imaginaries of civil defence.
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| 46. |
- Berge, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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S taphylococcus aureus bacteraemia, cardiac implantable electronic device, and the risk of endocarditis : a retrospective population–based cohort study
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0934-9723 .- 1435-4373. ; 42:5, s. 583-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) and Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) are at risk of having infective endocarditis (IE). The objectives were to describe a Swedish population-based cohort of patients with CIED and SAB, to identify risk factors, and to construct a predictive score for IE. Patients over 18 years old in the Stockholm Region identified to have SAB in the Karolinska Laboratory database from January 2015 through December 2019 were matched to the Swedish Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator ICD Registry to identify the study cohort. Data were collected from study of medical records. A cohort of 274 patients with CIED and SAB was identified and in 38 episodes (14%) IE were diagnosed, 19 with changes on the CIED, and 35 with changes on the left side of the heart. The risk factors predisposition for IE, community acquisition, embolization, time to positivity of blood cultures, and growth in blood culture after start of therapy in blood cultures were independently associated to IE. A score to identify patients with IE was constructed, the CTEPP score, and the chosen cut-off generated a sensitivity of 97%, specificity of 25%, and a negative predictive value of 98%. The score was externally validated in a population-based cohort of patients with CIED and SAB from another Swedish region. We found that 14% of patients with CIED and SAB had definite IE diagnosed. The CTEPP-score can be used to predict the risk of IE and, when negative, the risk is negligible.
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| 47. |
- Berge, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia, cardiac implantable electronic device, extraction, and the risk of recurrent infection; a retrospective population-based cohort study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Infectious Diseases. - 2374-4235. ; 56:7, s. 543-553
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients with cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) and Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) are at risk of having CIED infection, pocket infection or endocarditis. To avoid treatment failures, guidelines recommend that the CIED should be extracted in all cases of SAB butrecent studies indicate low extraction rates and low risk of relapse. The aim of the study was to describe a Swedish population-based cohort of patients with CIED and SAB, the rate of extraction, and treatment failure measured as recurrent SAB. Methods: Patients identified to have SAB in the Karolinska Laboratory database, serving a population of 1.9 million, from January 2015 through December 2019 were matched to the Swedish ICD and Pacemaker Registry. Patients with CIED and SAB were included. Clinical data were collected from medical records. Results: A cohort of 274 patients was identified and 38 patients (14%)had the CIED extracted. Factors associated with extraction were lower age, lower Charlson comorbidity index, shorter time since CIED implantation, and non-nosocomial acquisition, but not mortality. No patient was put on lifelong antibiotic treatment. Sixteen patients (6%) had a recurrent SAB within one year, two in patients subjected to extraction (5%) and 14 in patients not subjected to CIED-extraction (6%). Three of the 14 patients were found to have definite endocarditis during the recurrent episode. Conclusions: Despite a low extraction rate, there were few recurrences. We suggest that extraction of the CIED might be omitted if pocket infection, changes on the CIED, or definite endocarditis are not detected.
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| 48. |
- Bjørkskov, Frederik Bühring, et al.
(författare)
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Purification and functional comparison of nine human Aquaporins produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the purpose of biophysical characterization
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sparse number of high-resolution human membrane protein structures severely restricts our comprehension of molecular physiology and ability to exploit rational drug design. In the search for a standardized, cheap and easily handled human membrane protein production platform, we thoroughly investigated the capacity of S. cerevisiae to deliver high yields of prime quality human AQPs, focusing on poorly characterized members including some previously shown to be difficult to isolate. Exploiting GFP labeled forms we comprehensively optimized production and purification procedures resulting in satisfactory yields of all nine AQP targets. We applied the obtained knowledge to successfully upscale purification of histidine tagged human AQP10 produced in large bioreactors. Glycosylation analysis revealed that AQP7 and 12 were O-glycosylated, AQP10 was N-glycosylated while the other AQPs were not glycosylated. We furthermore performed functional characterization and found that AQP 2, 6 and 8 allowed flux of water whereas AQP3, 7, 9, 10, 11 and 12 also facilitated a glycerol flux. In conclusion, our S. cerevisiae platform emerges as a powerful tool for isolation of functional, difficult-To-express human membrane proteins suitable for biophysical characterization.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Bogers, Toine, et al.
(författare)
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2nd Workshop on Recommendation in Complex Scenarios (ComplexRec 2018)
- 2018
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Ingår i: RecSys 2018 - 12th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450359016 ; , s. 510-511
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Over the past decade, recommendation algorithms for ratings prediction and item ranking have steadily matured. However, these state-of-the-art algorithms are typically applied in relatively straightforward scenarios. In reality, recommendation is often a more complex problem: it is usually just a single step in the user's more complex background need. These background needs can often place a variety of constraints on which recommendations are interesting to the user and when they are appropriate. However, relatively little research has been done on these complex recommendation scenarios. The ComplexRec 2018 workshop addresses this by providing an interactive venue for discussing approaches to recommendation in complex scenarios that have no simple one-size-fits-all solution. © 2018 ACM. 978-1-4503-5901-6/18/10. . . $15.00
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