| 1. |
- Abel, Marianne Hope, et al.
(författare)
-
Insufficient maternal iodine intake is associated with subfecundity, reduced foetal growth, and adverse pregnancy outcomes in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study.
- 2020
-
Ingår i: BMC medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1741-7015. ; 18:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Severe iodine deficiency impacts fertility and reproductive outcomes. The potential effects of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency are not well known. The aim of this study was to examine whether iodine intake was associated with subfecundity (i.e. >12months trying to get pregnant), foetal growth, and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a mild-to-moderately iodine-deficient population.We used the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and included 78,318 pregnancies with data on iodine intake and pregnancy outcomes. Iodine intake was calculated using an extensive food frequency questionnaire in mid-pregnancy. In addition, urinary iodine concentration was available in a subsample of 2795 pregnancies. Associations were modelled continuously by multivariable regression controlling for a range of confounding factors.The median iodine intake from food was 121μg/day and the median urinary iodine was 69μg/L, confirming mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency. In non-users of iodine supplements (n=49,187), low iodine intake (<100-150μg/day) was associated with increased risk of preeclampsia (aOR=1.14 (95% CI 1.08, 1.22) at 75 vs. 100μg/day, p overall <0.001), preterm delivery before gestational week 37 (aOR=1.10 (1.04, 1.16) at 75 vs. 100μg/day, p overall=0.003), and reduced foetal growth (-0.08 SD (-0.10, -0.06) difference in birth weight z-score at 75 vs. 150μg/day, p overall <0.001), but not with early preterm delivery or intrauterine death. In planned pregnancies (n=56,416), having an iodine intake lower than ~100μg/day was associated with increased prevalence of subfecundity (aOR=1.05 (1.01, 1.09) at 75μg/day vs. 100μg/day, p overall=0.005). Long-term iodine supplement use (initiated before pregnancy) was associated with increased foetal growth (+0.05 SD (0.03, 0.07) on birth weight z-score, p<0.001) and reduced risk of preeclampsia (aOR 0.85 (0.74, 0.98), p=0.022), but not with the other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Urinary iodine concentration was not associated with any of the dichotomous outcomes, but positively associated with foetal growth (n=2795, p overall=0.017).This study shows that a low iodine intake was associated with restricted foetal growth and a higher prevalence of preeclampsia in these mild-to-moderately iodine-deficient women. Results also indicated increased risk of subfecundity and preterm delivery. Initiating iodine supplement use in pregnancy may be too late.
|
|
| 2. |
- Caspersen, Ida Henriette, et al.
(författare)
-
Patterns and dietary determinants of essential and toxic elements in blood measured in mid-pregnancy : The Norwegian Environmental Biobank
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697. ; 671, s. 299-308
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Inadequate stores or intakes of essential minerals in pregnancy, or too high exposure to both toxic and essential elements, can have adverse effects on mother and child. The main aims of this study were to 1) describe the concentrations and patterns of essential and toxic elements measured in maternal whole blood during pregnancy; 2) identify dietary, lifestyle and sociodemographic determinants of element status; and 3) explore the impact of iron deficiency on blood element concentrations. Methods: This study is based on blood samples collected from 2982 women in gestational week 18 in The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study (MoBa) which were analyzed as part of the Norwegian Environmental Biobank. We derived blood element patterns by exploratory factor analysis, and associations between blood element patterns and diet were explored using sparse partial least squares (sPLS) regression. Results: Blood concentrations were determined for the essential elements (in the order of most abundant) Zn > Cu > Se > Mn > Mo > Co, and the toxic metals Pb > As > Hg > Cd > Tl. The concentrations were in ranges that were similar to or sometimes more favorable than in other pregnant and non-pregnant European women. We identified two blood element patterns; one including Zn, Se and Mn and another including Hg and As. For the Zn-Se-Mn pattern, use of multimineral supplements was the most important dietary determinant, while a high score in the Hg-As pattern was mainly determined by seafood consumption. Concentrations of Mn, Cd and Co were significantly higher in women with iron deficiency (plasma ferritin < 12 μg/L) than in women with plasma ferritin ≥ 12 μg/L. Conclusion: Our study illustrates complex relationships and coexistence of essential and toxic elements. Their potential interplay adds to the challenges of studies investigating health effects related to either diet or toxicants.
|
|
| 3. |
- Kvalvik, Liv Grimstvedt, et al.
(författare)
-
Association of sweetened carbonated beverage consumption during pregnancy and ADHD symptoms in the offspring : a study from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)
- 2022
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 61:4, s. 2153-2166
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Intrauterine exposures influence offspring health and development. Here we investigated maternal intake of sweetened carbonated beverages (SCB) during pregnancy and its association with ADHD symptoms in the offspring.METHODS: This study was based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Maternal diet mid-pregnancy was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). All mothers who responded to the FFQ and a questionnaire when their child was 8 years of age were included (n = 39,870). The exposure was defined as maternal intake (daily servings) of SCB, using no daily intake as reference. Outcome was offspring ADHD symptoms, evaluated as a continuous standardized ADHD score and as a binary outcome of six or more ADHD symptoms vs. five symptoms or less. Associations were analysed using log-binomial regression and linear mixed regression models with adjustment for covariates.RESULTS: The adjusted regression coefficients for the standardized ADHD offspring symptom score were 0.31 [95% confidence intervals (0.001, 0.62)] and 0.46 (0.15, 0.77) for maternal daily intake of ≥ 1 glasses of SCB, when the models included adjustments for total energy intake or energy intake from other sources than SCBs and sweet drinks, respectively. The corresponding adjusted relative risks were 1.16 (1.004, 1.34) and 1.21. (1.05, 1.39) for drinking ≥ 1 glasses daily.CONCLUSION: In a large pregnancy cohort with offspring followed until 8 years of age, we found an association between maternal daily intake of SCB and offspring ADHD symptoms. These results suggest a weak positive relationship between prenatal exposure to SCB and offspring ADHD.
|
|
| 4. |
- Ollila, Hanna M, et al.
(författare)
-
How do clinicians use post-COVID syndrome diagnosis? Analysis of clinical features in a Swedish COVID-19 cohort with 18 months’ follow-up : a national observational cohort and matched cohort study
- 2024
-
Ingår i: BMJ Public Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2753-4294. ; 2:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 infection causes acute COVID-19 and may result in post-COVID syndrome (PCS). We aimed to investigate how clinicians diagnose PCS and identify associated clinical and demographic characteristics.Methods: We analysed multiregistry data of all SARS-CoV-2 test-positive individuals in Sweden (n=1 057 174) between 1 February 2020 and 25 May 2021. We described clinical characteristics that prompt PCS diagnosis in outpatient and inpatient settings. In total, there were 6389 individuals with a hospital inpatient or outpatient diagnosis for PCS. To understand symptomatology, we examined individuals diagnosed with PCS at least 3 months after COVID-19 onset (n=6389) and assessed factors associated with PCS diagnosis.Results: Mechanical ventilation correlated with PCS (OR 114.7, 95% CI 105.1 to 125.3) compared with no outpatient/inpatient contact during initial COVID-19. Dyspnoea (13.4%), malaise/fatigue (8%) and abnormal pulmonary diagnostic imaging findings (4.3%) were the most common features linked to PCS. We compared clinical features of PCS with matched controls (COVID-19 negative, n=23 795) and COVID-19 severity-matched patients (COVID-19 positive, n=25 556). Hypertension associated with PCS cohort (26.61%) than in COVID-19-negative (OR 17.16, 95% CI 15.23 to 19.3) and COVID-19-positive (OR 9.25, 95% CI 8.41 to 10.16) controls, although most individuals received this diagnosis before COVID-19. Dyspnoea was the second most common feature in the PCS cohort (17.2%), and new to the majority compared with COVID-19-negative (OR 54.16, 95% CI 42.86 to 68.45) and COVID-19-positive (OR 18.7, 95% CI 16.21 to 21.57) controls.Conclusions: Our findings highlight factors Swedish physicians associate with PCS.
|
|
| 5. |
- Papadopoulou, Eleni, et al.
(författare)
-
Maternal seafood intake during pregnancy, prenatal mercury exposure and child body mass index trajectories up to 8 years.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International journal of epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3685 .- 0300-5771. ; 50:4, s. 1134-1146
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maternal seafood intake during pregnancy and prenatal mercury exposure may influence children's growth trajectories.This study, based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), includes 51 952 mother-child pairs recruited in pregnancy during 2002-08 and a subsample (n=2277) with maternal mercury concentrations in whole blood. Individual growth trajectories were computed by modelling based on child's reported weight and length/height from 1month to 8years. We used linear mixed-effects regression analysis and also conducted discordant-sibling analysis.Maternal lean fish was the main contributor to total seafood intake in pregnancy and was positively but weakly associated with child body mass index (BMI) growth trajectory. Higher prenatal mercury exposure (top decile) was associated with a reduction in child's weight growth trajectory, with the estimates ranging from -130g [95% Confidence Intervals (CI) = -247, -12g] at 18months to -608g (95% CI = -1.102, -113g) at 8years. Maternal fatty fish consumption was positively associated with child weight and BMI growth trajectory, but only in the higher mercury-exposed children (P-interaction = 0.045). Other seafood consumption during pregnancy was negatively associated with child weight growth compared with no intake, and this association was stronger for higher mercury-exposed children (P-interaction=0.004). No association was observed between discordant maternal seafood intake and child growth in the sibling analysis.Within a population with moderate seafood consumption and low mercury exposure, we found that maternal seafood consumption in pregnancy was associated with child growth trajectories, and the direction of the association varied by seafood type and level of prenatal mercury exposure. Prenatal mercury exposure was negatively associated with child growth. Our findings on maternal seafood intake are likely non-causal.
|
|
| 6. |
- Solé Navais, Pol, et al.
(författare)
-
Maternal dietary selenium intake during pregnancy is associated with higher birth weight and lower risk of small for gestational age births in the norwegian mother, father and child cohort study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643 .- 2072-6643. ; 13:1, s. 1-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selenium is an essential trace element involved in the body’s redox reactions. Low selenium intake during pregnancy has been associated with low birth weight and an increased risk of children being born small for gestational age (SGA). Based on data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN), we studied the association of maternal selenium intake from diet and supplements during the first half of pregnancy (n = 71,728 women) and selenium status in mid-pregnancy (n = 2628 women) with birth weight and SGA status, according to population-based, ultrasound-based and customized growth standards. An increase of one standard deviation of maternal dietary selenium intake was associated with increased birth weight z-scores (ß = 0.027, 95% CI: 0.007, 0.041) and lower SGA risk (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.86, 0.97) after adjusting for confounders. Maternal organic and inorganic selenium intake from supplements as well as whole blood selenium concentration were not associated with birth weight or SGA. Our results suggest that a maternal diet rich in selenium during pregnancy may be beneficial for foetal growth. However, the effect estimates were small and further studies are needed to elucidate the potential impact of selenium on foetal growth.
|
|
| 7. |
- Vejrup, Kristine, et al.
(författare)
-
Prenatal mercury exposure, maternal seafood consumption and associations with child language at five years
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120. ; 110, s. 71-79
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Methyl mercury (MeHg) is a well-known neurotoxin and evidence suggests that also low level exposure may affect prenatal neurodevelopment. Uncertainty exists as to whether the maternal MeHg burden in Norway might affect child neurodevelopment. Objective: To evaluate the association between prenatal mercury exposure, maternal seafood consumption and child language and communication skills at age five. Methods: The study sample comprised 38,581 mother-child pairs in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Maternal mercury blood concentration in gestational week 17 was analysed in a sub-sample of 2239 women. Prenatal mercury exposure from maternal diet was calculated from a validated FFQ answered in mid-pregnancy. Mothers reported children's language and communications skills at age five by a questionnaire including questions from the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), the Speech and Language Assessment Scale (SLAS) and the Twenty Statements about Language-Related Difficulties (language 20). We performed linear regression analyses adjusting for maternal characteristics, nutritional status and socioeconomic factors. Results: Median maternal blood mercury concentration was 1.03. μg/L, dietary mercury exposure was 0.15. μg/kg. bw/wk, and seafood intake was 217. g/wk. Blood mercury concentrations were not associated with any language and communication scales. Increased dietary mercury exposure was significantly associated with improved SLAS scores when mothers had a seafood intake below 400. g/wk in the adjusted analysis. Sibling matched analysis showed a small significant adverse association between those above the 90th percentile dietary mercury exposure and the SLAS scores. Maternal seafood intake during pregnancy was positively associated with the language and communication scales. Conclusion: Low levels of prenatal mercury exposure were positively associated with language and communication skills at five years. However, the matched sibling analyses suggested an adverse association between mercury and child language skills in the highest exposure group. This indicates that prenatal low level mercury exposure still needs our attention.
|
|
