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| 3. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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The Nordic wave in place branding : A manifesto
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Nordic wave in place branding : poetics, practices, politics - poetics, practices, politics. - 978 1 78897 431 8 ; , s. 236-236
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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20 Years of Nordic Place Branding Research : A Review and Future Research Agenda
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 21:1, s. 70-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the past 20 years, the Nordic region has fostered a distinct place branding scholarship and practice. This paper briefly revisits hallmark contributions that founded and shaped Nordic place branding and argues that by today, the Nordic approach earned widespread international acknowledgement. The Nordic region offers more than a regional context of place branding; its cultural and geo-political idiosyncrasies greatly affect the axiological position of place branding research. By positioning Nordic place branding research on the global scene, the paper outlines the contours of a hybrid scholarly approach (the Nordic wave), which bridges across managerial and critical schools of branding and promotes a more extroverted knowledge collaboration with branding practitioners. The paper concludes with discussing the potential the NordicWave for future place branding endeavours.
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| 11. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Branded space-times : narrative production of organisational identity and image
- 2011
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Ingår i: 7th Global Brand Conference of the Academy of Marketing’s Brand Corporate Identity and Reputation Special Interest Group, Oxford, April 6-9, 2011.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we explore what branding strategy constructs socially in an organisational setting. To this end we approach brands from a geographical perspective as epistemic objects that organise the spatial relationship between brand strategy and everyday work-life. Through an empirical case of discussions and contradictions related to branding in a university research centre, we explore how branded space-times are constituted through stories-so-far, individual and collective narratives that intersect in an online discussion mail list concerning the possible need for formulating a proper branding strategy. Our narrative analysis reveals that the vague boundary conditions of these space-times, allowing for multiple inclusions and exclusions, turns branding into an effective mode of governance that is met with very little resistance. However, our case suggests that branding gives rise to branded space-times of faith in and through which the organisation’s academic identity and image are negotiated. In this context branding emerges as a possible source for alignment in a deeply disjointed try to simultaneously find something in common and to set apart.
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| 12. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia
(författare)
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Branding and the self : Manifestations of violence in narrative encounters
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Self-branding is a central practice in the freelance labour market of the digital knowledge economy. Previous research suggests that self-branding is a form of affective and immaterial labour distinct to advanced capitalism (Arvidsson, 2006; Hearn, 2008). Social media offers a platform for celebrity experts to foster a distinct self-image, which can feed into their lifestyle brands (Gandini, 2016). Thus far, however, relatively little is known about branding as a cultural expression of an advanced capitalist logic and its consequences for the self. This paper adopts Benjamin’s (1980) concept of violence to examine the relation between branding practices and self. The paper examines how idealised fantasies and myths of white privileged femininity help to sustain violence in contemporary self-branding practices through a reading of Joyce Carol Oates (2000) epic novel Blonde, which deals with the myth of Marilyn Monroe. It is argued that Oates literary fiction reveals and resonates with the sexual, racial and gender politics that underpins manifestations of violence in accounts of self-branding. Branding is constantly under the threat of the loss of differentiation and control, which - in the context of personal branding - ultimately leads to a loss of selfhood. Hence, branding here becomes a form of violence, because it involves a threat against the subject and a denial of the self’s autonomy. ReferencesArvidsson, A. (2006). Brands: Meaning and value in media culture. London: Routledge.Benjamin, J. (1980). The bonds of love: Rational violence and erotic domination. Feminist Studies, 6(1), 144-174.Gandini, A. (2016). Digital work: Self-branding and social capital in the freelance knowledge economy. Marketing theory, 16(1), 123-141.Hearn, A. (2008). Meat, Mask, Burden: Probing the contours of the branded self. Journal of Consumer Culture, 8(2), 197-217.Oates, J.C. (2000). Blonde: A novel. New York: Harper Collins.
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| 13. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia
(författare)
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Communicating anti-tourism – movement, protest, phobia
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing number of tourists to urban destinations such as, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Dubrovnik, Hong Kong, and Rio de Janeiro cause a range of problems related to conflicts between visitors and residents, lack of accessibility to different areas in the cities, and damage to green spaces (Joppe, 2018; Novy, 2018). The growth focused strategies of urban destinations have created an unstainable tourism situation, which affects residents’ wellbeing and quality of life detrimentally (Milano, Novelli & Cheer, 2019) In consequence, anti-tourism protests, riots and tourismphobia have emerged as reactions to problems of overtourism (e.g. Novy and Colomb, 2013; Colomb and Novy, 2016 ). Yet, there is scarce research on how anti-tourism movements differ amongst each other across contexts and from other types of social movements. In this paper we conduct a focused literature review of anti-tourism movements and tourismphobia through the lens of strategic communication (Werder, 2006). Our focus is on how anti-tourism is communicated to bring about social and political change. Communication strategies and tactics that collective actors use to influence publics, public policy, and social norms and values are mapped and analysed. Examples of strategies and tactics that are included in the analysis are formulations of problems and solutions to contested issue, campaign and message strategies, framing techniques, level of stakeholder involvement, positioning to gain legitimacy, media coverage, and communication activities. On the basis of the analysis, typical strategies of communicating anti-tourism are constructed and discussed. The strategies differ from each other in terms of execution, but share similar communication-based political agendas (cf. Bennett, 2003) that are intertwined with local issues, which makes it difficult to form a collective identity around which to organise on a global level.Keywords: anti-tourism movement, tourismphobia, urban destinations, communicationReferencesBennett, W. (2003) Communicating global activism. Information, Communication & Society, 6(2), 143-168.Colomb, C., & Novy, J. (2016) Protest and resistance in the tourist city. London: Routledge.Joppe, M. (2018) Tourism policy and governance: Quo vadis?. Tourism Management Perspectives, 25, 201–204.Milano, C., Novelli, M. & Cheer, J. (2019) Overtourism and tourismphobia: A journey through four decades of tourism development, planning and local concerns. Tourism Planning and Development, https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2019.1599604Novy, J., & Colomb, C. (2013) Struggling for the right to the (creative) city in Berlin and Hamburg: new urban social movements, new ‘spaces of hope’?. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 37(5), 1816-1838.Novy, J. (2018) Urban tourism as a bone of contention: four explanatory hypotheses and a caveat. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 5(1), 63-74.Werder, K. P. (2006) Responding to activism: An experimental analysis of public relations strategy influence on attributes of publics. Journal of Public Relations Research, 18(4), 335-356.
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| 14. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Consuming place, contesting spatial imaginaries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Research in Consumer Culture Theory. ; 3
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The last few years has seen the emergence of anti-consumption narratives (Chatzidakis and Lee, 2012; Cherrier, 2009), which contest the marketisation of places, and the way that property and space are currently organised by their exchange values, rather than use values (cf. Visconti et al., 2010). Anti-consumption acts disrupt key social imaginaries of places and are apparent in demonstrations and protests around the world related to macro societal issues, such as globalisation, climate crisis, migration, overtourism, and social inequalities (see Colomb and Novy, 2016). Such narratives do not only challenge the intensified commodification of space, but also the way that “socialities, subjectivities and spatialities are constituted in space” (Mansvelt, 2005, xvi). This special session extends previous research in consumer culture theory on how anti-consumption acts challenge established imaginaries of place (Chatzidakis et al., 2012; Chatzidakis and Lee, 2012; Visconti et al., 2010) by focusing on the performativity of spatial imaginaries. Spatial imaginaries are here thought of as collectively shared performative discourses that intervene and shape social reality via embodied, material practices (Watkins, 2015; Butler, 1993). The aim of the session is to examine spatial imaginaries that contest conventional strategies of organising places according to a consumerist logic for increased economic growth. The session focuses on spatial imaginaries that challenge the spatial status quo and provoke new ideas of what it means to inhabit places. Each of the three papers in the special session address the logics and consequences of spatial imaginaries for the practices and organisation of place in various ways. The first paper investigates how consumerist imaginaries of urban space are symbolically and materially reconsidered in citizens’ protests acts against the bourgeoning touristification of inner cities in Europe. Informed by a relational and material understanding of space and theories on the public sphere, the temporalities and spatialities of public protests are analysed as ways of re-gaining the lifeworld from the material and expressive colonialization of tourism-consumption. It is argued that in order to preserve the public sphere, urban governing strategies are shifting focus from spatial imaginaries of consumerism to imaginaries of the lived city of dwellers. The second paper problematizes the affective resonance and intensities of urban crowds, by exploring the role of individuals’ moods (anxiety, apathy, stress, rage and boredom) in enhancing or disturbing spatial atmospheres. It argues that diverse co-located and intersecting mobility practices create affective intensities that simultaneously carry the potential of the urban buzz and the risk of coalescing into enduring anomalies in spatial imaginaries. But where might spatial reimaginings take us? The third paper addresses this question with the concept of ’fourth space’ as a virtual space of ’possible places’. Virtual spaces are understood as a plethora of ‘possible spaces’, where it is possible to foresee alternative futures and inhabit revolutionary imaginaries.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Critical interventions into sustainable tourism promotion and consumption
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This thematic session addresses the theme of the conference on “Rethinking tourism for a sustainable future” by examining the paradoxes, challenges, and possibilities of sustainable tourism as modes promotion and consumption. The session invites conceptual and empirical research papers that critically intervene in ongoing discussions on tourism as a cultural and spatial phenomenon in the intersection of consumption, promotion, and sustainability.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Curated Participation : – A Study of Everyday Photography in Organizational Communication Strategy
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Visuals are ubiquitous in strategic communication involving social media and there are high expectations on what visual social media can accomplish with regards to creating engagement among people. The research aim in this paper is to examine how employees experience curating images in social media as part of an organization’s strategic communication. The reasoning is based on an empirical study of curated participation at the photo-sharing platform Instagram to improve the reputation of a large public hospital. Drawing on Goffman’s (1959) dramaturgical theory of social life, the paper approaches the conditions of participation and employee engagement as a performance. It is argued that participation is shaped by the stage of the social media site and by negotiations between participants and the imagined audience. The study sheds light on the social conventions that underpin the performance of participation at visual social media platforms and point to the implications for employee engagement.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Digitalisering av guidetjänster inom äventyrsturism : en studie av delningsplattformen Aways
- 2018
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom besöksnäringen är delningsekonomins utbredning särskilt tydlig och inom denna industri återfinns en rad företag såsom Airbnb, Vayable, Getmyboat, OffWeFly, EatWith, Uber, Fodora och Travelbuddy. Airbnb, som förmedlar uthyrning av privatpersoners bostäder som en sorts hotellrum, är kanske det mest välkända företaget. Typiskt för delningsekonomin i tjänstesektorn är digitala plattformar som sammanför tjänsteleverantörer och tjänstemottagare. Samproduktion av värde genom digital kommunikation kan se ut på många olika sätt och handlar om olika aktiviteter knutna till produktutveckling, ryktesspridning, upplevelseskapande samt skapande av gemenskaper. I denna studie undersöks utvecklingen av en digital plattform för guidetjänster inom äventyrsturism. Syftet med forskningsprojektet är att undersöka vilka nya möjligheter och utmaningar ett startupföretag inom äventyrsturism möter i en delningsbaserad ekonomi. Detta har gjorts genom att undersöka digitala och visuella kommunikationsprocesser i arbetet med att skapa plattformen. Äventyrsturism har ökat dramatiskt på senare år och är en växande näring i Sverige som anses vara en attraktiv destination för äventyrsaktiviteter. Affärsmodellerna inom denna sektor kännetecknas dock ofta av en traditionell och inarbetad men, med dagens digitala teknologi, omodern affärsmodell i förmedlingen av tjänster och upplevelser. Därför är den studerade digitala delningsplattformen högst intressant som ett potentiellt nytt sätt att förmedla äventyrsupplevelser.Resultaten i denna studie visar på både möjligheter och svårigheter för plattformsbaserade startups som använder sig av en delningslogik att implementera en lönsam affärsmodell. Möjligheterna handlar om att det i delningsekonomin finns en revolutionerande potential att förändra villkoren för guider och ge dem ökad egenmakt och förhandlingspositioner. Detta skulle kunna skapa ett mer diversifierat utbud av tjänster riktat till en bred grupp med användare. Detta går i linje med delningsekonomins ideologi att skapa ett mer hållbart samhälle. Dock betyder de senaste årens institutionalisering och reglering av delningsekonomin att digitala plattformsbaserade företag begränsas i deras utformning av affärsmodeller och därmed alltmer liknar traditionella företag. Ideologin inom delningsekonomin kan då fungera som ett retoriskt verktyg för att sälja in företaget genom en vision om ett bättre samhälle och kompensera medarbetarnas och användarnas ibland prekära arbetsvillkor med ett löfte om att de arbetar för ett högre mål. Det är alltså möjligt att se en tydlig konflikt som plattformsföretag har att hantera – att balansera den ideologiska och den kommersiella dimensionen i sin verksamhet.Den viktigaste utmaningen plattformsföretag har vid lansering av sin affärsmodell är att rekrytera användare och driva besökare till delningsplattformen som kan lösas genom att rikta sig till entreprenörens egna livsstilsgemenskap och personliga nätverk både för att rekrytera medarbetare, tjänsteleverantörer och kunder. Kommunikationen till denna gemenskap drivs genom en tydlig identitet med (för den specifika gemenskapen) attraktiva bilder, retorik och symboler. Konsekvensen blir dock att målgruppen begränsas till en relativt snäv homogen gemenskap och att man missar målet med att rikta sig till en bred grupp av användare. Fortsatt forskning kan visa hur ett plattformsföretag kan utveckla strategier för att bredda sin gemenskap.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Finding and making place in consumer culture theory research
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We challenge extant conceptualizations of place as a context or object of consumption. In contrast to essentialist notions of commercial scapes and contested imaginaries, we bring forth a critical relational ontology and the concept of “dialectical utopianism” to advance discussions on place in CCT research.
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| 23. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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From overtourism to undertourism: exploring the mediatization of place brands
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Overtourism encapsulates the zeitgeist of contemporary tourism and was - for a few years - the buzzword within media reports on tourism. It gained attention as an unsustainable consequence of the intensification of place management practices in urban economic planning strategy. Stories about “the invasion” of visitors into a number of popular European cities frequently circulated in news and social media. However, all of that changed during spring 2020 with the advent of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. Suddenly, urban tourism destinations went from overtourism to undertourism, or to almost no tourism at all. The aim of this paper is to advance the understanding of the connection between place branding and processes of mediatization (Hjarvard, 2009; see also Månsson, Buchmann, Cassinger and Eskilsson, 2020). To this end, we seek to capture how European urban destination brands are mediatized in a contemporary hybrid media landscape. Mediatization may be defined as ”the process whereby society to an increasing degree is submitted to, or becomes dependent on, the media and their logic” (Hjarvard 2009, 160). The concept highlights the institutionalisation of the media and the dialectical relationship between the media, institutions, and organisations (e.g. DMOs, place branding and management). The study is based on a narrative analysis (Czarniawska, 2004) of articles in English language news media downloaded through the database Global Newsstream between January 2018 and December 2020, and Instagram posts with hashtags related to over- and undertourism. The typical plots and their contextual use were identified in the narrative analysis. The findings point towards the presence of a particular media logic in the way that certain urban destination brands are presented and in the long run consumed by visitors. Unsurprisingly, the spotlight is on visually spectacular events in the bigger cities that are dramatized with archetypal villains, rescued objects, and heroes. Mediatization thus help us to understand how a particular media logic governs place branding processes making them difficult to control.
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| 24. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Geographies of fear – communicating safety in urban destinations
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Countering fear and promoting experiences of security and safety among visitors are key issues in creating socially sustainable urban destinations. Security branding is a growing place branding paradigm through which to enhance experiences and perceptions of safety in cities, nations and regions (Coaffee and Van Ham, 2008; Coaffee and Rogers, 2008; Avraham and Ketter, 2008). This paper discusses how brand communication can be incorporated in urban policy and planning to accomplish socially sustainable city centres. Our focus is on relation between the mediatisation of cities and perceptions and experiences of safety among domestic and international visitors. Recent terror attacks, political unrest, and violent conflicts in many European countries are highly mediatised events (Couldry and Hepp, 2018) that influence images of urban destinations, which are particularly vulnerable to rumours and images circulating in media (Avraham, 2009; Avraham and Ketter, 2008). The study focuses on 10 Swedish urban destinations. Sweden is an interesting case in point due to high levels of media coverage, which is characterised by polarised narratives concerning the country as a utopia respectively dystopia (see e.g. Rapacioli, 2018). The research questions we seek to answer concern 1) how perceptions of safety are influenced by the image of Sweden conveyed on online news and social media (Instagram and Twitter) platforms, and 2) the relation between visitors’ overall image of the destinations and their experiences of safety. The research questions are addressed by a mixed methods approach using survey methods and media analysis to capture the role of place image for visitors’ perceptions and experiences of safety. The findings demonstrate that the mediatisation of the country of Sweden follows narratives of safety respectively unsafety, which influence the way Swedish cities are perceived. Furthermore, findings indicate a correlation between positive city image and high levels of perceived safety among visitors. The paper discusses these findings in relation to social sustainability and proposes communicative strategies to handle and counter fears in urban destinations. References Avraham, E. and Ketter, E. (2008), “Will we be safe there? Analysing strategies for altering unsafe place images”, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Vol. 4 No. 3, pp. 196-204. Avraham, E. (2009), “Marketing and managing nation branding during prolonged crisis: The case of Israel”, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Vol. 5 No. 3, pp. 202-212. Coaffee, J., & Rogers, P. (2008), “Reputational risk and resiliency: The branding of security in place-making”, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Vol. 4 No. 3, pp. 205-217. Coaffee, J., & Van Ham, P. (2008), “‘Security branding’: The role of security in marketing the city, region or state”, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Vol. 4 No. 3, pp. 191-195. Couldry, N. and Hepp, A. (2018), “The continuing lure of the mediated centre in times of deep mediatization: Media Events and its enduring legacy”, Media, Culture & Society, Vol. 40 No. 1, pp. 114–117. Rapacioli, P. (2018), Good Sweden, Bad Sweden: The use and abuse of Swedish values in a post-truth world. Stockholm: Volante.
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| 25. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Geographies of fear – visitors’ perceptions of safety in urban destinations
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Countering fear and promoting experiences of security and safety among visitors are key issues in creating socially sustainable urban destinations. Security branding is a growing place branding paradigm through which to enhance experiences and perceptions of safety in cities, nations and regions (Coaffee and Van Ham, 2008; Coaffee and Rogers, 2008; Avraham and Ketter, 2008). This paper discusses how brand communication can be incorporated in urban policy and planning to accomplish socially sustainable city centres. Our focus is on relation between the mediatisation of cities and perceptions and experiences of safety among domestic and international visitors. Recent terror attacks, political unrest, and violent conflicts in many European countries are highly mediatised events (Couldry and Hepp, 2018) that influence images of urban destinations, which are particularly vulnerable to rumours and images circulating in media (Avraham, 2009; Avraham and Ketter, 2008). The study focuses on 10 Swedish urban destinations. Sweden is an interesting case in point due to high levels of media coverage, which is characterised by polarised narratives concerning the country as a utopia respectively dystopia (see e.g. Rapacioli, 2018). The research questions we seek to answer concern 1) how perceptions of safety are influenced by the image of Sweden conveyed on online news and social media (Instagram and Twitter) platforms, and 2) the relation between visitors’ overall image of the destinations and their experiences of safety. The research questions are addressed by a mixed methods approach using survey methods and media analysis to capture the role of place image for visitors’ perceptions and experiences of safety. The findings demonstrate that the mediatisation of the country of Sweden follows narratives of safety respectively unsafety, which influence the way Swedish cities are perceived. Furthermore, findings indicate a correlation between positive city image and high levels of perceived safety among visitors. The paper discusses these findings in relation to social sustainability and proposes communicative strategies to handle and counter fears in urban destinations. Keywords: place image, urban destinations, branding security, social sustainability, mediatisation References Avraham, E. and Ketter, E. (2008), “Will we be safe there? Analysing strategies for altering unsafe place images”, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Vol. 4 No. 3, pp. 196-204. Avraham, E. (2009), “Marketing and managing nation branding during prolonged crisis: The case of Israel”, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Vol. 5 No. 3, pp. 202-212. Coaffee, J., & Rogers, P. (2008). “Reputational risk and resiliency: The branding of security in placemaking”, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Vol. 4 No. 3, pp. 205-217. Coaffee, J., & Van Ham, P. (2008). “‘Security branding’: The role of security in marketing the city, region or state”, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Vol. 4 No. 3, pp. 191-195. Couldry, N. and Hepp, A. (2018), “The continuing lure of the mediated centre in times of deep mediatization: Media Events and its enduring legacy”, Media, Culture & Society, Vol. 40 No. 1, pp. 114–117. Rapacioli, P. (2018), Good Sweden, Bad Sweden: The use and abuse of Swedish values in a posttruth world. Stockholm: Volante.
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| 26. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Guest editorial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Place Management and Development. - 1753-8335. ; 14:3, s. 257-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Hållbar utveckling i överturismens era
- 2021
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Ingår i: Organisation & Samhälle. - 2001-9114. ; 2021:1, s. 4-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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In the eye of the storm: Organisational response strategies to visually generated crisis
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Visuals like photographs and videos produced and circulated by lay people in social media serve as significant mediators in crisis communication. Such visuals are crucial for the way contemporary crisis events are defined and perceived in public (Mortensen, 2015; Coombs, 2007). This type of eyewitness footage is a growing visual genre of crisis communication. Yet, previous studies tend to neglect the visual aspect of crisis communication and there is scarce knowledge of how to monitor and manage visually articulated messages. The aim of this paper is to examine the role of eyewitness recordings in the unfolding of a reputational crisis involving multiple stakeholders. In particular, the study is concerned with how this visual genre affect the unfolding and definition of a crisis, how organisations respond, and how they can develop their preparedness for meeting visuals. As a particular case in point the study explores organisational responses to a visually generated crisis involving the social media circulation of citizen footage of a violent confrontation between an unaccompanied minor and a security officer at Malmo central station in Sweden. The study is based on a qualitative analysis of the eyewitness film, video surveillance, newsmedia articles, pressmaterial, social media posts, and interviews with key persons from the involved organisations. The analysis was directed to map the dissemination of the eyewitness film across media platforms, how it was mobilised in the ensuing public debate and how the organisational actors responded to and experienced the crises. Informed by theories of iconic images and situational crisis communication, the paper demonstrates how eyewitness images define an event and the roles that different actors adopt in the unfolding of the crisis. The study contributes to crisis communication theory by showing how eyewitness images are responded to by organisations in crisis situations and the challenges that are involved in responding to visuals. Eyewitness images were found to create discursive closure (Deetz, 1992) in communication, because they were experienced as representing events in an objective and authentic manner (see also Papadopoulos & Pantti, 2011). Moreover, the eyewitness film was embedded in other discourses and mobilised for different purposes. The actors were blamed, attacked and had limited opportunities to communicate their view of what happened. The iconic character of the film created emotional engagement and was therefore difficult to respond to by means of text-based communication. While text-based communication appeal to our reason and can be responded to in a rationalised manner, visual communication, particularly iconic imagery, appeals to our emotions and require other types of responses.
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| 32. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Instagram photography as embodied practice: performances and gazes
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the social rules and conventions of photography practices on visual social media platforms through revisiting the concept of gaze. More specifically we analyse how 25 participants in so-called Instagram take-overs make sense of and perform photography as an embodied visual practice situated in time and space. Hence, approaching that which is seen on Instagram from the viewpoint of how it was produced enable us to understand the role of the technique as well as social conventions and personal competence in performances of photography. Instagram takeovers are commonly used in participatory communication strategies to increase the engagement of various publics. Here we draw on different takeovers, albeit with similar purposes of improving the internal as well as external images of two public organisations, a city and a hospital. By gaze we mean certain institutionalised ways of looking at, sensing, and comprehending images on the Instagram platform. The concept of gaze may however refer to different things. Most notably is perhaps the sociologist John Urry’s (1990, 2002) formulation of the tourist gaze to describe the learnt ability of how to see things, which is a collective and culturally shared ability (see also Foucault, 1977). The tourist gaze includes the distinct, striking, unusual, and extraordinary. These values are used and reproduced in advertisements, place promotion and by the tourists. In later texts about the tourist gaze, Urry and Larsen (2011) emphasise the social aspect of tourist photography. This definition of tourist gaze makes the concept useful when practices of photography are studied in order to discuss social conventions and norms of that which is seen. It makes it possible to demonstrate and discuss parallels to other visual norms and practices. The paper addresses the pre-conference theme on mobile (in)visibilities by examining Instagram photography as a performance disciplined by gazes. The findings of the study point to the tensions between different gazes and how they discipline how participants imagine the organisation in photographic practice. Hence, the inclusion of social media in communication strategies does not necessarily reinvigorate images of the organisation, since conventional gazes govern images on social media. The study elucidates how a visual practice is socially constrained, which results in that only certain aspects of the organisation are made visible and regarded as photo worthy, while others remain unseen.
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| 33. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction to the special issue: Nordic perspectives on place branding
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Place Management and Development. - 1753-8335. ; 14:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose This special issue on Nordic perspectives on place branding aims at developing research on the practices and processes of mobilising the Nordics in place branding in order to achieve cultural, commercial and diplomatic ends.Design/methodology/approachThe Nordic perspective goes beyond regionalist schools of global marketing scholarship. While regionalist perspectives give an insight into fruitful distinction tactics in international contexts, their lens of ‘radical particularism’ diverts attention away from more hybrid and geopolitically attentive branding endeavours. Hence, instead of attempting to simply portray the essence of Nordic place branding as a top-down positioning device, the ambition of this special issue is to understand how the cultural narrative of the Nordic is mobilised as a result of networked and participatory practices across multiple stakeholders.FindingsThe papers collated in this volume address different aspects of Nordic place branding. They share the notion of the Nordic as a cultural narrative that should be studied ’in the making’ via an engaged type of scholarship driven by therapeutic and diagnostic knowledge objectives, as opposed to technical or emancipatory intents. OriginalityLike any regionalist perspective, Nordic place branding manifests symbolic and material boundaries of exclusion and inclusion, involving ideological struggles and contestations. The special issue highlights the dialectical tensions inherent in the Nordic perspective between dismantling the old mythologies, symbols, and ideologies, and using them in branding efforts to differentiate the region.
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| 34. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Konst för städer i förändring - en förstudie
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Offentlig konst utgör en viktig del av stadsrummet och används i många olika syften. Det kan handla om att försköna platser och om att stärka känslan av tillhörighet och den lokala identiteten. Det finns också förväntningar på att konsten ska bidra till lösningar på samhällsproblem kopplade till brobyggande, otrygghet och segregation och lönsamhet genom att öka stadens attraktivitet. I denna rapport understryker vi vikten av att reflektera kritiskt över förväntningar på och villkor för offentlig konst i svenska kommuner. Rapporten behandlar hur konstprocesser kan påverka invånare och konstnärer och problematiserar för vem och i vems intresse den offentliga konsten skapas.
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| 35. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Lucky Cat: Place branding in vulnerable areas.
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This art short film examines clichéd images of vulnerable urban places in Sweden by juxtaposing stereotypes of marginalization, safety, commerce, and everyday life. The research aim is to use kitsch art and playful elements to intervene in the conventional thinking of these places as problems in the margins of society.The medium of the short film enables us to bring to life the empirical material collected during a two-year long field study in vulnerable areas. The film is made up by photographs and audio-visual recordings, which makes possible a collective multisensory experience of lived places.
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| 36. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Mass tourism at a tipping point: Exploring the mediatisation of overtourism
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phenomenon of overtourism encapsulates the spirit of contemporary mass tourism. It has gained attention lately as an unsustainable consequence of the intensification of destination management principles in urban economic planning strategy. Stories about “the invasion” of visitors into a numberof popular European cities frequently circulate in news and social media. Research has begun to examine the social and economic causes of overtourism, but the phenomenon is undertheorized (e.g. Dodds & Butler, 2019). Even though a number of studies show that media narratives can dramatically increase the flow of visitors to a place and that such narratives affect the way visitors travel and interact withurban spaces (Panayiotopoulos & Pisano, 2019), processes of mediatisation are frequently neglected in tourism studies. The cultural transformations of our time are defined by globalisation and deep mediatisation (Couldry & Hepp, 2018). Hjarvard (2009: 160) defines mediatisation as ”the process whereby society to an increasing degree is submitted to, or becomes dependent on, the media and theirlogic.” The concept emphasise the institutionalisation of the media and the dialectical relationship between the media and social institutions (e.g. family, work, politics, war, etc.). The research aim in this paper is to conceptualise overtourism through exploring how it is mediatised in news reports and social media posts. Overtourism is here approached as cultural practice informed by a particular media dramaturgy. The study underscores the close relationship between media narratives and tourism saturation in cities. We contend that the mediatisation of overtourism contribute to theattractiveness of destinations, whilst at the same time mitigating flows of tourists to these destinations. Overtourism is constructed as a threat to not only the ecosystem of cities, but to local culture, world heritage sites, and community life. At the centre of the drama is the conflictual relationship between the natives (local residents) and the foreigners (tourists). Overtourism becomes an issue about rights and responsibilities, us and them, self and other. While mass tourism is intertwined in the economic growthand development of modern society, overtourism brings commercialization, urban decay and cultural despair. Hence, overtourism is not so much about unsustainable travel patterns, as it is about a range of other political issues tied to, for instance, current housing and labour conditions in many European cities.Keywords: overtourism, urban destinations, mediatization, sustainability, narrative analysis, politicsReferencesCouldry, N., & Hepp, A. (2018). The continuing lure of the mediated centre in times of deep mediatization: Media Events and its enduring legacy. Media, Culture & Society 40 (1), 114–117.Dodds, R. & Butler, R. W. (eds.) (2019) Overtourism: issues, realities and solutions. De Gruyter Oldenbourg.Hjarvard, S. (2009). Soft individualism: media and the changing social character. Lundby, K. (ed.) Mediatization: concept, Changes, consequences. New York: Peter Lang Publishing.Panayiotopoulos, A., & Pisano, C. (forthcoming 2019). Overtourism dystopias and socialist utopias: towards an urban armature for Dubrovnik. Tourism Planning & Development, 1-18.
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| 37. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Mediatisation and social sustainability – an ambivalent relationship
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mediatisation is one of the central concepts by which to understand how the intensifying media and communications environment constructs our social world. The aim of research is to examine the conditions of sustainability communication in a media economy of visibility and recognition. To this end, we focus on how the phenomenon overtourism is constructed as a social sustainability challenge in news- and social media.This research emphasises the dialectics of media and social institutions in examiningovertourism as a challenge for sustainable development in European urban destinations. Narrative analysis of the emergence of overtourism on online news media and social media platforms was conducted during 2017-2019.Findings underscore the ambivalent relationship between mediatization and sustainability. Media narratives construct overtourism as an unsustainable situation for urban destinations, whilst at the same time promoting the attractiveness of these places. Overtourism brings prosperity as well as urban decay and cultural despair to cities. We contend that the ambivalence surrounding the sustainability challenge of overtourism in the media is an obstacle to discussions of concrete measures. At the same time, ambivalence may lead to a greater reflexivity concerning social sustainability, which may be harnessed as a resource for change.
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| 38. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Mediatization of terror attacks and city brand image: A study of the Stockholm attack and the ’Last Night in Sweden’ event
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a growing interest within place branding research for how experiences of safety influence the image of the city (e.g. Coaffee and Van Ham, 2008).Previous research demonstrates that fear is socially constructed and amplified by mass media (Avraham and Ketter, 2008) and social media (Doosti et al., 2016; Jansson, 2018). The realm of media has become more complex in an era characterised as posttruth in which ”objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief” (Oxford Dictionaries, 2016).The research aim in this paper is to examine the mechanisms of how terror attacks in urban environments are mediatized and the consequences for city image. The paper analyses two instances of terror in two Swedish cities as media events (Couldry and Hepp, 2018). The first instance concern the deadly terror attack in Stockholm, 2017, whereas the second instance refer to Donald Trump’s statement of a false terror attack in Malmo. Lefebvre’s (2004) rhythmanalysis approach is adopted to investigate rhythms of Twitter and online news flows. The study demonstrates that the mediatization of the rumored attack in Malmo had greater impact on city image than the actual one. At the time of the event, Malmo city suffered from a negative image, which made the city vulnerable to extremist and populist media narratives. The celebrity status ofTrump and circulation of exaggerated news about Sweden also created much negative publicity and attention. The ambiguity around what had happened open up aspace in which fantasies and conspiracy theories could grow. Real and imaginary elements were woven together in an almost phantasmal way. By contrast, in the Stockholm case there was no ambiguity with regards to the attack and the image of the city was relatively quickly restored.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Outlining a feminist ethics of sustainable place branding
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimsIt is increasingly argued that place branding is an important element in sustainable urban development (e.g. Therkelsen et al., 2021; Taecharungroj et al., 2019). However, there are still unresolved ethical difficulties connected to the relation between sustainable development goals and place branding strategy. For example, a typical ethical dilemma arising at the nexus of sustainable development and place branding concerns the reconciliation of the promotion and commodification of places and making them into ecological and social just habitats. In order to approach such dilemmas, this paper proposes a feminist ethics to sustainable place branding that go beyond the idea of autonomy of place brands, and towards the recognition of inherent interdependency between places, people, and brands.Theoretical frameworkThis research builds on previous critical interventions in the field that has demonstrated that place branding is not an ethically neutral practice, but has political and normative consequences in its application (e.g. Sevin, 2011; Kavaratzis et al., 2017). The theoretical argument is informed by Butler’s (2020) recent work on feminist ethics of non-violence in order to shift focus from sustainable place branding as an autonomous practice to the complex relational constitution of place branding, sustainability, and society.Main research approachThe study advances a conceptual argument with empirical illustrations of sustainable place branding in cities.Key arguments/findingsIn the analysis, typical views on ethics and ethical dilemmas identified in place branding research are discussed in relation to three key premises underpinning the feminist ethics approach: relationality, embodiment, and vulnerability. Taken together we argue that these premises help us to formulate an ethics for sustainable place branding that celebrate unavoidable interdependency and moral equality.ConclusionsThe paper concludes that a robust ethical notion of sustainable place branding passesthrough the acknowledgment of the unavoidable geographical, political, social, andecological bonds between place brands, and an honorability of the moral obligations that such interdependency entails.Practical implicationsThe ethics approach outlined in this paper is able to inform policy and practice of achieving ecological and social justice in places as part of their commitment to the 2030 agenda for sustainable development.ReferencesButler, J. (2020). The force of nonviolence: An ethico-political bind. New York: Verso.Kavaratzis, M., Giovanardi, M., & Lichrou, M. (Eds.). (2017). Inclusive place branding:Critical perspectives on theory and practice. London: Routledge.Sevin, E. (2011). Thinking about place branding: Ethics of concept. Place Branding andPublic Diplomacy, 7(3), 155-164.Taecharungroj, V., Muthuta, M., and Boonchaiyapruek, P. (2019). Sustainability as a place brand position: a resident-centric analysis of the ten towns in the vicinity ofBangkok. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 15(4), 210-228.Therkelsen, A., James, L., and Halkier, H. (2021). Sustainable Development Goals in Place Branding: Developing a Research Agenda. In D. Medway, G. Warnaby, & J. Byrom(Eds.), A Research Agenda for Place Branding, 319-337, Cheltenham: Edward ElgarPublishing.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Performing Instagram photography and the disciplining gaze
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper approach participation in visual promotional strategies as a novel form of public performance. The paper examines the social rules and conventions of photography practices on visual social media platforms in a qualitative study of how 30 participants in so-called Instagram takeovers make sense of and perform photography as an embodied visual practice situated in time and space.A dramaturgical perspective (Goffman, 1959) is adopted to understand how the participants perform and make sense of photography. The concept of gaze (Urry, 1990) is introduced in order to analyse and discuss social conventions and norms that guide the performances and have consequences for the photographs taken. The findings of the study point to the tensions between different gazes and how they discipline participants’ imaginations. Hence, the inclusion of social media in communication strategies does not necessarily reinvigorate images of the place or the organisation, since conventional gazes govern photography practice on social media. The study elucidates how a visual practice is socially constrained, which results in that only certain aspects are made visible and regarded as photo worthy, while others remain unseen.
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| 44. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Personal branding
- 2015
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Ingår i: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Quality and the Service Economy. - 9781452256726
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 45. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia
(författare)
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Place brand communication as aspirational talk : – further exploring the constitutive model of communication
- 2018
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Ingår i: Communication & Society. - 0214-0039. ; 31:4, s. 79-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces the concept of aspirational talk to examine the constitutive features of place brand communication. Aspirational talk builds on a performative view of communication and is characterised by a gap between future-oriented visionary talk and concrete action. The study explores place brand communication as aspirational talk through a qualitative case study of how place branding is used to drive changed in two Swedish cities. Two ideological different aspirations are identified and contrasted. It is argued that aspirational talk helps us to further understand the gap between the political visions and ideals that underpin place brand communication and residents’ everyday life in the city.
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| 46. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia
(författare)
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Place brand communication for sustainable urban development
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Place branding strategy and practice focus on making places attractive to draw the right type of people, ideas and capital to cities, countries, and regions (Dinnie, 2011; Kavaratzis, 2004). Recently, however, the commodification of urban space has caused a number of problems in cities linked to masstourism, gentrification, pollution, declining city centres, segregation, and social tensions due to economic inequity (Ek and Tesfahuney 2016; Brenner and Theodore, 2005). In 2015, the UnitedNation adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which includes the urban goal (11) entitled ‘Sustainable Cities and Communities: make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable’ (Watson, 2016). Existing research does not yet fully engage with the question of how place branding may support sustainable development and what sustainable place branding entails.The research aim in this paper is to propose a conceptual framework for understanding sustainable place branding. The conceptualisation is anchored in a close reading of the extant literature on sustainable place marketing and branding, especially focusing on the concept of place demarketing, which predominately involves decreasing consumption by means of adjusting the marketing mix, e.g. price and promotional campaigns (see e.g. Medway, Warnaby and Dharni, 2010). Thereafter, analternative communicative approach to sustainable place branding is outlined.It is suggested that place branding is a form of aspirational communication (Christensen Morsing and Thyssen, 2013). The notion of aspirational communication belongs to the practice oriented tradition within organisational communication, which views language as performative of social reality. Aspirational place brand communication does not primarily reflect the city as it is for those living and working in it, but a vision of what city government want it to be in the future. The relation between the city as a brand and the city as it is, is often defined in critical research asantagonistic (Krupar and Al, 2012). The present study identifies conditions under which this antagonism activates productive forms of resistance and reaction, which can be leveraged by place branding to provoke and drive transformation. As a form of aspirational communication, place branding discourse could potentially play a key role in creating the conditions for social change processes necessary for sustainable urban development.ReferencesBrenner, N. and Theodore, N. (2005) ‘Neoliberalism and the urban condition’, City, 9(1), pp. 101-107.Christensen, L. T., Morsing, M. and Thyssen, O. (2013) ‘CSR as aspirationalTalk’, Organization, 20(3), pp. 372-393.Dinnie, K. (2011) City Branding. London: Palgrave Macmillan.Medway, D., Gary Warnaby, G. and Sheetal Dharni, S. (2010) ‘Demarketingplaces: Rationales and strategies’, Journal of Marketing Management, 27(1-2), pp. 124-142.Kavaratzis, M. (2004) ’From city marketing to city branding: Towards a theoreticalframework for developing city brands’, Place branding, 1(1), pp. 58-73.Krupar, S. and Al, S. J. (2012) ’Notes on the society of the spectacle’ in Crysler, G., Cairns, S. and Heynen, H. (eds.) The Sage handbook of architectural theory. London:Sage, pp. 247-263.Tesfahuney, M. and Ek, R. (2016) Den postpolitiska staden. Boras: Recito.Watson, V. (2016) ‘Locating planning in the New Urban Agenda of the urban sustainable development goal’, Planning Theory, 15(4), pp. 435-448.
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| 47. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Place branding: A Nordic perspective
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the Nordic as an ideological, cultural, and geographical site from which to examine place branding. Although a number of studies have addressed Nordic place brands and branding, the peculiarity of branding within the Nordic welfare states remains understudied (Lucarelli et al., forthcoming 2019). The unusual open access to the field of practice granted to researchers (at least compared to Anglo-Saxon and European standard), and the particular political, institutional, cultural environment of the Nordic has not fully been unpacked. The limited scope of previous studies on place branding paired with a widespread international interest for the “Nordic” as both a geographical place, moral orientation, and (normative) discourse calls for more research into the global relevance of Nordic place branding. The Nordic is thus not confined to a region, but is approached as an idea that travels across the world. The literature on Nordic place branding is emergent and deals with disparate themes such as conceptual issues (Andersson, 2014; Niedomysl & Jonasson, 2012), nation branding (Ren & Gyimóthy, 2013; Cassinger et al. 2016), regional branding (Syssner, 2009; Wæraas et al., 2015), and city branding (Lucarelli & Berg, 2011). The present study offers a focused reading across different approaches and empirical fields in order to explore the peculiarity of Nordic place branding. The Nordic is here addressed as an ideological orientation and a cultural construct, as well as an empirical context from which to explore place branding practices and theories. In particular, the Nordic research tradition is argued to be suited to push critical, but hence far not sufficiently explored, issues in place branding, such as feminism, bio-ethics, sustainability, and social justice. It is further suggested that from a Nordic perspective place branding is characterised by processes of depoliticization, consensus, collaboration, and transparency. These peculiarities may be used for building theories and developing methods, which can be extended to the Anglo-Saxon and European field of research and practice.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Power and performativity in sharing economy organizing
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractThis paper deals with the enactment of power in and through a sharing economy business model. The objective of research is to understand business models as a kind of narrative performance that mobilise labour, capital and users on a startup platform within adventure tourism. The paper elaborate on the dynamics between performances and power in terms of how the narratives performed by the platform organisation can influence actors in terms of their emotions and identity. Drawing on a longitudinalstudy of the process of organising in a sharing startup, involving interviews and participant observation of work meetings, the paper identifies three different narratives that the founder of the platform performs in order to gain influence. It is argued that sharing organisations relies on a fuzzy ideology that is not transferable to all platform-based startups and that the lure of sharing needs to be treated withcaution.Keywords: sharing economy, action research, narrative performativity, ideology, power
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| 50. |
- Cassinger, Cecilia
(författare)
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Public diplomacy bridging ideological difference: affinity vs confrontational approaches
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the content and style of two communicative approaches to public diplomacy intended to mitigate ideological tensions between countries. The aim of the paper is to contribute to new knowledge of public diplomacy as cultural practice by examining the characteristics of its enactment and consequences for the public debate in domestic and foreign contexts.
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