| 1. |
- Abenoza, Roberto, et al.
(författare)
-
Determinants of traveler satisfaction : Evidence for non-linear and asymmetric effects
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F. - : Elsevier. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 66, s. 339-356
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Classifying public transport service attributes based on their influence on overall traveler satisfaction can assist stakeholders and practitioners in introducing cost-efficient measures. To date most studies employed methods that were based on the assumption that the impact of service attributes on traveler satisfaction is entirely linear and symmetric. This study examines whether service attributes have a non-linear and asymmetric influence on the overall travel experience by employing the Three-factor theory (basic, performance and exciting factors). The analysis is conducted for different traveler segments depending on their level of captivity, travel frequency by public transport and travel mode used, and is based on a relatively large sample size collected for Stockholm County. Moreover, the estimated models control for important socio-demographic and travel characteristics that have been insofar overlooked. Results are presented in the form of a series of multi-level cubes that represent different essentiality of traveler needs which provide a useful methodological framework to further design quality service improvements that can be applied to various geographical contexts. Our findings highlight that a “one size fits all” approach is not adequate for identifying the needs of distinct traveler segments and of travelers using different travel modes. Furthermore, two-thirds of the attributes are consistently classified into the same factor category which entails important policy implications. This research deepens and expands the very limited knowledge of the application of the three-factor theory in the transport field.
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| 2. |
- Abenoza, Roberto F., et al.
(författare)
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User experiences and perceptions of women-only transport services in Mexico
- 2020
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Ingår i: Gendering Smart Mobilities. - : Taylor and Francis. ; , s. 188-209
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Personal safety perceptions impact upon not only travellers’ behaviour and satisfaction but may also diminish their general well-being and health. These effects are particularly negative among female travellers, a group which feels especially vulnerable from certain types of aggression. To tackle women’s personal safety problems several cities around the world introduced transport for women only. Data from Mexico City and its metropolitan area is used to examine how the characteristics of female travellers and of their trips impact upon travel satisfaction with public transport for women only for different travel modes (metro, city bus, and metropolitan BRT) and users based on their previous victimisation. This chapter demonstrates that female travellers’ appreciation of public transport for women only services varies as a function of some of their socio-demographic and travel characteristics (some age groups, trip purposes, and travel frequency). Considering the strength of the marginal effect’s coefficient from a number of ordered logit models three travel attributes should be prioritised: (1) level of satisfaction with travelling with women only, (2) reducing exposure to verbal aggressions, (3) and meeting travellers’ waiting time expectations. This study may help stakeholders identify, target, and prioritise female travellers’ groups which are least satisfied with the service. In addition, this chapter provides some policy recommendations and highlights the role of infrastructure that may help improve the overall travel experience.
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| 3. |
- Abenoza, Roberto F., et al.
(författare)
-
What is the role of weather, built-environment and accessibility geographical characteristics in influencing travelers’ experience?
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Part A. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0965-8564 .- 1879-2375. ; 122, s. 34-50
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine the effect of weather, accessibility and built-environment characteristics on overall travel experience as well as the experience with the latest trips. These are factors that are often disregarded in the travel satisfaction literature even though they are believed to largely influence the first mile of the door-to-door trip. This study fills a research gap in investigating all these factors by using, amongst other, a relatively large travel satisfaction survey from years 2009 to 2015 and by focusing on urban and peri-urban geographical contexts, the city and county of Stockholm (Sweden), respectively. The ordered logit model results show that county dwellers living close to a metro station and in well linked-to-all areas report higher overall travel satisfaction evaluations. In addition, precipitation and ground covered with snow have a negative influence on travel satisfaction. Our findings indicate that built-environment characteristics exert a rather weak influence on the travel experience, especially in the peri-urban context. However, some aspects such as living in areas with medium densities, low income and with high safety perceptions around public transport stations are associated with higher satisfaction levels. In turn, areas with single land uses are found to have lower travel satisfactions. These results are important for public transport planners and designers in devising measures to prevent and mitigate the negative outcome of some weather conditions and to conceive better designed transit oriented developments.
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| 4. |
- Abenoza, Roberto, et al.
(författare)
-
How does travel satisfaction sum up? : Decomposing the door-to-door experience for multimodal trips
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Transportation. - : Springer. - 0049-4488 .- 1572-9435. ; 46:5, s. 1615-1642
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Understanding how satisfaction with individual trip legs aggregates to the overall travel experience for different types of trips will enable the identification of the trip legs that are most impactful. For this purpose we analyze data on retrospective evaluations of entire multi-modal trip experiences and satisfaction with individual trip legs. We formulate and describe alternative aggregation rules and underpin them in theory and previous empirical findings. The results of a series of regression models show that for a large number of multi-modal trip configurations normative rules can better reproduce overall travel satisfaction than heuristic rules. This indicates that all trip legs need to be considered when evaluating the overall travel experience, especially for trips legs involving waiting and/or transferring time. In particular, weighting satisfaction with individual trip legs with perceived trip leg durations yielded the best predictor of overall travel satisfaction. No evidence for a disproportional effect of the last or most exceptional part of the trip was found. This research contributes to the literature on combining multi-episodic experiences and provides novel empirical evidence in the transport domain.
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| 5. |
- Abenoza, Roberto, et al.
(författare)
-
Individual, Travel, and Bus Stop Characteristics Influencing Travelers’ Safety Perceptions
- 2018
-
Ingår i: TRR Journal of transportation research board. - : Sage Publications. - 0361-1981.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ensuring safety during door-to-door public transport trips is a fundamental challenge to service providers as safety influences individuals’ mobility. Using reported safety perceptions of travelers waiting at six bus stops with different characteristics in Stockholm, this study investigates factors that have an impact on determining travelers’ perceived safety and crime perceptions. This is done by assessing the importance of real-time information provision and the environmental characteristics of bus stops during the day and at night for different types of crime, after controlling for travelers’ individual and trip characteristics, and their previous experiences of victimization. Interaction effects of age, gender, and travel frequency are also tested. The results suggest that bus shelter characteristics, natural surveillance, and trustworthy real-time information are the most important factors influencing safety and crime perceptions. Additionally, safety perceptions are strongly influenced by previous experiences of victimization. The effect of perceived feelings about crime and safety are found to be nuanced by age and gender. Unlike some common beliefs, travelers: (1) feel less worried about becoming a victim of crime at bus stops associated with high crime rates; (2) prefer opaque shelters at night; and (3) have higher safety perceptions when the stop is located in an area of mixed land use. The impact of a bus stop’s number of passers-by is found to be insignificant. No direct or indirect effects can be attributed to frequency of travel by bus, indicating that familiar places and routine behavior have noeffect on declared crime and safety perceptions.
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| 6. |
- Abenoza, Roberto, et al.
(författare)
-
Investigating the nature of Public Transport service attributes
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Transportation Science. - 0041-1655 .- 1526-5447.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Classifying public transport service attributes based on their influence on overall traveler satisfaction can assist stakeholders and practitioners in introducing cost-efficient measures. To date most studies employed methods that were based on the assumption that the impact of service attributes on traveler satisfaction is entirely linear and symmetric. This study examines whether service attributes have a non-linear and asymmetric influence on the overall travel experience by employing the Three-factor theory (basic, performance and exciting factors). The analysis is conducted for different traveler segments depending on their level of captivity, travel frequency by public transport and travel mode used, and is based on a relatively large sample size collected for Stockholm County. Moreover, the estimated models control for important socio-demographic and travel characteristics that have been insofar overlooked. Results are presented in the form of a series of multi-level cubes that represent different essentiality of traveler needs which provide a useful methodological framework to further design quality service improvements that can be applied to various geographical contexts. Our findings highlight that a “one size fits all” approach is not adequate for identifying the needs of distinct traveler segments and of travelers using different travel modes. Furthermore, two-thirds of the attributes are consistently classified into the same factor category which entails important policy implications. This research deepens and expands the very limited knowledge of the application of the three-factor theory in the transport field.
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| 7. |
- Bastian, Anne
(författare)
-
Explaining Trends in Car Use
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many western countries have seen a plateau and subsequent decline in car travel during the early 21st century. What has generated particular interest and debate is the claim that the development cannot only be explained by changes in traditional explanatory factors such as GDP, fuel prices and land-use. Instead, it has been argued, the observed trends are indications of substantial changes in lifestyles, preferences and attitudes to car travel and thus, not just a temporary plateau but a true peak in car use.This thesis is a compilation of five papers, studying the issue on a national, international, regional and city scale through quantitative analysis of aggregate administrative data and individual travel survey data. It concludes that the aggregate development of car travel per capita can be explained fairly well with the traditional model variables GDP and fuel price. Furthermore, this thesis shows that spatial context and policy become increasingly important in car use trends: car use diverges over time between city, suburban and rural residents of Sweden and other European countries, while gender and to some extent income become less differentiating for car use.
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| 8. |
- Burghout, Wilco, et al.
(författare)
-
DYMOBUS: dynamic mesoscopic modelling of bus public transport
- 2009
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Ingår i: Conference proceedings to ITS 2009 conference.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In today’s public bus transport punctuality is one of the main problems to deal with for traffic planners and operators, especially in large cities such as Stockholm. The current static models do not handle congestion delays and the interaction between bus and car traffic, leading to overly optimistic timetables and hard to manage delays. In the DYMOBUS project (Funded by VINNOVA and City of Stockholm) a dynamic modelling tool was developed in order to study these interactions. This paper discusses a mesoscopic, mixed-traffic, a transit simulation model designed to support evaluation of operations planning and control, especially in the context of Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS). Examples of applications include frequency determination, evaluation of real time control strategies for schedule maintenance and restoration from major disruptions. The transit simulation component is designed to represent realistically the uncertainty in operations, in order to assess service reliability. The simulation models all sources of uncertainty: chaining of trips, travel time variability, behavior at stops and a detailed representation of passenger demand at the various stops. Unlike most previous efforts in this area, the simulation model is built on the platform of a mesoscopic traffic simulation model, which allows modeling of the operations of large-scale transit systems. A Tel-Aviv case study demonstrates the transit simulation capabilities of the model.
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| 9. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
-
A dynamic stochastic model for evaluating congestion and crowding effects in transit systems
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Part B. - : Elsevier. - 0191-2615 .- 1879-2367. ; 89, s. 43-57
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most common motivations for public transport investments is to reduce congestion and increase capacity. Public transport congestion leads to crowding discomfort, denied boardings and lower service reliability. However, transit assignment models and appraisal methodologies usually do not account for the dynamics of public transport congestion and crowding and thus potentially underestimate the related benefits. This study develops a method to capture the benefits of increased capacity by using a dynamic and stochastic transit assignment model. Using an agent-based public transport simulation model, we dynamically model the evolution of network reliability and on-board crowding. The model is embedded in a comprehensive framework for project appraisal.A case study of a metro extension that partially replaces an overloaded bus network in Stockholm demonstrates that congestion effects may account for a substantial share of the expected benefits. A cost-benefit analysis based on a conventional static model will miss more than a third of the benefits. This suggests that failure to represent dynamic congestion effects may substantially underestimate the benefits of projects, especially if they are primarily intended to increase capacity rather than to reduce travel times.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Cats, Oded
(författare)
-
An Agent-Based Approach for Modeling Real-Time Travel Information in Transit Systems
- 2014
-
Ingår i: 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AMBIENT SYSTEMS, NETWORKS AND TECHNOLOGIES (ANT-2014), THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (SEIT-2014). - : Elsevier BV. ; , s. 744-749
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-time travel information (RTI) systems are rapidly developed and deployed worldwide using the abundance of instantaneous data and dissemination means. This paper presents a framework for a multi-agent simulation model that emulates the generation and dissemination of RTI. The evolution of transit reliability influences both the performance of RTI generation schemes and the potential benefits that such information could yield. An iterative within-day network loading and a day-to-day learning process represent both service provider and service user ability to apply and adapt their strategies based on past performance and predictions. A case study illustrates model capabilities by applying BusMezzo, an agent-based simulation model of vehicles and travellers. The proposed model facilitates the analysis of alternative prediction schemes as well as the impact of their provision on system performance.
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| 12. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
-
An implementation of regularity-driven bus service : development of alternative business models
- 2014
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Ingår i: Transport Research Arena (TRA) 2014 Proceedings.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Service reliability is a key determinant of public transport performance. In the context of high-frequency urban lines, irregular service results with long waiting times, bunched vehicles, long delays, uneven passenger loads, poor capacity utilization and higher operational costs. Field experiments were conducted in Stockholm in order to test the feasibility and implications of a regularity-driven operations scheme designed to mitigate bus bunching and facilitated by a real-time control strategy. The results led to an investigation of alternative service indicators and business models that could best support the long-term implementation of operations geared towards better regularity performance. A shift towards regularity-based service requires the consideration of a series of measures along the service chain as it involves a paradigm shift in production planning, operations, control center and performance monitoring.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
-
Beyond a complete failure : The impact of partial capacity reductions on public transport network vulnerability
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disruptions often result with partial capacity reduction without resulting with a complete breakdown. This study aims to move beyond the analysis of complete failure by investigating the impacts of partial capacity reduction on public transport network performance. We analyse the relation between the extent of capacity reduction at the line level and its consequences on societal costs by performing a full network scan. This analysis framework is applied to planned temporary disruptions in the rapid public transport network in Stockholm, Sweden. Our results indicate that the network is highly vulnerable since it is characterized by greater negative impacts in a disproportional relation to the increase in the original capacity reduction. The non-linear properties of network effects and route choice result in non-trivial relation which carry implications on disruption management the deployment of mitigation measures.
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| 15. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
-
Beyond a complete failure: The impact of partial capacity degradation on public transport network vulnerability
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Transportmetrica B. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2168-0566. ; 6:2, s. 77-96
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disruptions in public transport networks (PTNs) often lead to partial capacity reductions rather than complete closures. This study aims to move beyond the vulnerability analysis of complete failures by investigating the impacts of a range of capacity reductions on PTN performance. The relation between network performance and the degradation of line or link capacities is investigated by establishing a vulnerability curve and related metrics. The analysis framework is applied to a full-scan analysis of planned temporary line-level capacity reductions and an analysis of unplanned link-level capacity reductions on the most central segments in the multi-modal rapid PTN of Stockholm, Sweden. The impacts of capacity reductions are assessed using a non-equilibrium dynamic public transport operations and assignment model. The nonlinear properties of on-board crowding, denied boarding, network effects and route choice result in non-trivial, generally convex, relations which carry implications on disruption planning and real-time management.
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| 16. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
-
Bus-Holding Control Strategies Simulation-Based Evaluation and Guidelines for Implementation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Record. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0361-1981 .- 2169-4052. ; :2274, s. 100-108
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transit operations involve several inherent sources of uncertainty, including dispatch time from the origin terminal, travel time between stops, and dwell time at stops. Bus-holding control strategies are a prominent method applied by transit operators to improve transit performance and level of service. The common practice is to regulate departures from a limited number of stops by holding buses until their scheduled departure time. An analysis of the performance of a high-frequency bus line in Stockholm, Sweden, based on automatic vehicle location data showed that this control strategy was not effective in improving service regularity along the line. The analysis also indicated that drivers adjusted their speed according to performance objectives. Implications of a control strategy that regulates departures from all stops on the basis of the headways of the preceding bus and the following bus were evaluated with Bus Mezzo, a transit operations simulation model. The results suggest that this strategy can improve service performance considerably from both passengers' and operator's perspectives. In addition, the strategy implies cooperative operations, as the decisions of each driver are interdependent with other drivers' decisions, and mutual corrections can be made. Difficulties in realizing the benefits of the proposed strategy in practice, such as dispatching from the origin terminal, driver scheduling, and compliance, are discussed. The implications of several practical considerations are assessed by conducting a sensitivity analysis as part of the preparations for a field experiment designed to test the proposed control strategy.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Cats, Oded, 1983-
(författare)
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Determinants of Bus Riding Time Deviations : Relationship between Driving Patterns and Transit Performance
- 2019
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING PART A-SYSTEMS. - : ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS. - 2473-2907. ; 145:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban bus services e subject to high levels of uncertainty and disturbances. Methods to determine the timetable are designed to absorb variations in riding times between stops by allocating additional travel time. The propagation of service unreliability along the route could be restrained by drivers' adjustment at stops and between stops. This paper analyzes the main determinants of bus riding times deviations based on automatic vehicle location (AVL) data from four trunk lines in Stockholm, Sweden. The analysis indicates that drivers can and do adjust their speeds in response to instantaneous real-time schedule adherence information, although these adjustments depend on the underlying control scheme: locations where the performance is measured. A model for bus riding time deviations was estimated with autoregressive effects, performance indicators, link characteristics, and trip attributes as the explanatory factors. The results can support the development of travel time prediction and real-time control strategies that take drivers' response to operations into account. This highlights the importance of the human factor in designing control schemes and the corresponding transit performance evaluation.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Cats, Oded
(författare)
-
Dynamic Modeling of Transit Operations and Passenger Decisions
- 2011
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The analysis and evaluation of transit operations and control, in particular in the context of Advanced Public Transport System (APTS) requires the dynamic modeling of the transit system. A dynamic transit simulation model has to capture the interactions between three main components: passengers, transit operations and traffic dynamics at the network level. BusMezzo is a dynamic transit analysis and evaluation tool that represents timetables, vehicle scheduling, control and management strategies, real-time information and adaptive passenger choices. Individual passengers carry out a sequence of boarding, walking and alighting decisions along their journey. The model had been applied for the evaluation of holding control strategies and information provision scenarios.
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| 23. |
- Cats, Oded, 1983-
(författare)
-
Dynamic Modelling of Transit Operations and Passenger Decisions
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Efficient and reliable public transport systems are fundamental in promoting green growth developments in metropolitan areas. A large range of Advanced Public Transport Systems (APTS) facilitates the design of real-time operations and demand management. The analysis of transit performance requires a dynamic tool that will enable to emulate the dynamic loading of travelers and their interaction with the transit system. BusMezzo, a dynamic transit operations and assignment model was developed to enable the analysis and evaluation of transit performance and level of service under various system conditions and APTS. The model represents the interactions between traffic dynamics, transit operations and traveler decisions. The model was implemented within a mesoscopic traffic simulation model. The different sources of transit operations uncertainty including traffic conditions, vehicle capacities, dwell times, vehicle schedules and service disruptions are modeled explicitly. The dynamic path choice model in BusMezzo considers each traveler as an adaptive decision maker. Travelers’ progress in the transit system consists of successive decisions that are defined by the need to choose the next path element. The evaluations are based on the respective path alternatives and their anticipated downstream attributes. Travel decisions are modeled within the framework of discrete random utility models. A non-compensatory choice-set generation model and the path utility function were estimated based on a web-based survey. BusMezzo enables the analysis and evaluation of proactive control strategies and the impacts of real-time information provision. Several experiments were conducted to analyze transit performance from travelers, operator and drivers perspectives under various holding strategies. This analysis has facilitated the design of a field trial of the most promising strategy. Furthermore, a case study on real-time traveler information systems regarding the next vehicle arrival time investigated the impacts of various levels of coverage and comprehensiveness. As passengers are more informed, passenger loads are subject to more fluctuation due to the traveler adaptations.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamic Vulnerability Analysis of Public Transport Networks : Mitigation Effects of Real-Time Information
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Networks and Spatial Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1566-113X .- 1572-9427. ; 14:3-4, s. 435-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a dynamic and stochastic notion of public transport network vulnerability is developed. While previous studies have considered only the network topology, the granular nature of services requires a more refined model for supply and demand interactions in order to evaluate the impacts of disruptions. We extend the measures of betweenness centrality (often used to identify potentially important links) and link importance to a dynamic-stochastic setting from the perspectives of both operators and passengers. We also formalize the value of real-time information (RTI) provision for reducing disruption impacts. The developed measures are applied in a case study for the high-frequency public transport network of Stockholm, Sweden. The importance ranking of the links varies depending on the RTI provision scheme. The results suggest that betweenness centrality (passenger/vehicle flows) may not be a good indicator of link importance. The results of the case study reveal that while service disruptions have negative effects and RTI may have significant positive influence, counter examples also exist due to secondary spillover effects.
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| 27. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of real-time transit information on dynamic passenger path choice.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Record. - : SAGE Publications. - 0361-1981. ; 2217, s. 46-54
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-time information is increasingly being implemented in transit networks worldwide. The evaluation of the effect of real-time information requires dynamic modeling of transit operations and of passenger path choices. This paper presents a dynamic transit analysis and evaluation tool that represents time-tables, operation strategies, real-time information, adaptive passenger choices, and traffic dynamics at the network level. Transit path choices are modeled as a sequence of boarding, walking and alighting decisions that passengers undertake when carrying out their journey. The model is applied to the Metro network of Stockholm, Sweden area under various operating conditions and information provision scenarios, as a proof of concept. An analysis of the results indicates substantial path choice shifts and potential time savings associated with more comprehensive real-time information provision and transfer coordination improvements.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluating the added-value of online bus arrival prediction schemes
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Part A. - : Elsevier. - 0965-8564 .- 1879-2375. ; 86, s. 35-55
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Online predictions of bus arrival times have the potential to reduce the uncertainty associated with bus operations. By better anticipating future conditions, online predictions can reduce perceived and actual passenger travel times as well as facilitate more proactive decision making by service providers. Even though considerable research efforts were devoted to the development of computationally expensive bus arrival prediction schemes, real-world real-time information (RTI) systems are typically based on very simple prediction rules. This paper narrows down the gap between the state-of-the-art and the state-of-the-practice in generating RTI for public transport systems by evaluating the added-value of schemes that integrate instantaneous data and dwell time predictions. The evaluation considers static information and a commonly deployed scheme as a benchmark. The RTI generation algorithms were applied and analyzed for a trunk bus network in Stockholm, Sweden. The schemes are assessed and compared based on their accuracy, reliability, robustness and potential waiting time savings. The impact of RTI on passengers waiting times are compared with those attained by service frequency and regularity improvements. A method which incorporates information on downstream travel conditions outperforms the commonly deployed scheme, leading to a 25% reduction in the mean absolute error. Furthermore, the incorporation of instantaneous travel times improves the prediction accuracy and reliability, and contributes to more robust predictions. The potential waiting time gains associated with the prediction scheme are equivalent to the gains expected when introducing a 60% increase in service frequency, and are not attainable by service regularity improvements.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of real-time holding strategies for improved bus service reliability
- 2010
-
Ingår i: IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Proceedings, ITSC. - Madeira, Portugal. - 9781424476572 ; , s. 718-723
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Service reliability is one of the main measures of performance determining transit system level of service. Holding control strategies are a common transit operations practice aimed to reduce transit service unreliability by setting criteria for departure fromtime point stops. In order to adequately analyze the sources of uncertainty involved with transit performance, it is essential to model dynamically the interactions between traffic conditions, passenger demand and transit operations. BusMezzo, a transit simulation model has been developed on a platform of a mesoscopic traffic simulation model, which enables the representation of large-scale transit systems. The model implements severalreal-time holding strategies. It is used to evaluate the application of these strategies in areal-world high-demand bus line in the Tel Aviv metropolitan area, under various scenarios. An analysis of the results suggests that a holding strategy based on the mean headway from the preceding bus and the next bus, restricted by a maximum allowableholding time, is especially efficient.
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| 32. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
-
Evolution of Satisfaction with Public Transport and Its Determinants in Sweden Identifying Priority Areas
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Record. - : SAGE Publications. - 0361-1981 .- 2169-4052. ; :2538, s. 86-95
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measuring and analysing satisfaction with public transport services facilitates service performance monitoring, market analysis, benchmarking and the identification of priority areas. The systematic and regular collection of information concerning satisfaction enables to investigate how passengers’ satisfaction as well as its determinants changes over time. These changes may be driven by changes in service quality or shifts in passengers’ expectations and preferences. This study analyses how satisfaction with public transport and its determinants evolved over time in Sweden in the years 2001-2013. The determinants of satisfaction are identified based on a factor analysis and the estimation of multivariate satisfaction models. The superposition of our findings culminates in a dynamic passenger satisfaction priority map which allows identifying priority areas based on observed trends in satisfaction with service attributes and their respective importance. The deterioration of overall satisfaction with public transport in Sweden in recent years is driven by a decrease in satisfaction with customer interface and length of trip time. These two service aspects as well as operation were found key determinants of overall satisfaction which users consistently rate among the least satisfactory. The results of this study are instrumental in supporting service providers in designing measures that will foster satisfaction in the future.
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| 33. |
- Cats, Oded, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
How fair is the fare? Estimating travel patterns and the impacts of fare schemes for different user groups in Stockholm based on smartcard data : Final report for Trafik och Region 2018 SLL-KTH research project
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a rapid increase in the deployment, acquisition and analysis of automated fare collection (AFC) systems, enabling a profound change in the ability to analyze high-volume data that relate to observed passenger travel behavior and recurrent patterns. The analysis of such passively collected data offers direct access to a continuous flow of observed passenger behavior at a large scale, saving expensive data collection efforts. For a review of the spectrum of applications – from strategic demand estimation to operational service performance measurements.The FairAccess project leverages on the availability of Access-kort data for the vast majority of trips performed in Stockholm County. The overarching goal of this project is to develop means to analyse empirically the impacts of policy/planning measures based on disaggregate passively collected smart card data. This involves a series of analysis and modelling challenges. We develop and apply a series algorithms to infer of tap-out locations, infer vehicles and travel times, and infer transfers to that journeys can be composed. Tap-in records have been matched with corresponding inferred tap-out locations and time stamps for about 80% of all records. Thereafter, we construct time-dependent origin-destination matrices for which segmentations can be performed with respect to geographical and user product features.We demonstrate the approach and algorithms developed by performing a before-after analysis of the fare scheme change from zone-based to flat fares. We analyse changes in travel patterns and derive price elasticities for distinctive market segments. The introduced fare policy delivered the desirable result of an increased ridership through improved convenience of the single-use products. Nevertheless, the significance of the service convenience component was underestimated, which resulted in the price adjustments being not in line with the mobility effects.The planning and development of the Stockholm public transport system must rely on the best empirical foundations available to support evidence-based decision-making and make the right priorities. To this end, the development and analysis performed in the FairAccess project lay a necessary foundation for further methodological developments and analyses such as on-board crowding evaluation, demand forecasting and identifying user groups.
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| 34. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
-
Identification and classification of public transport activity centres in Stockholm using passenger flows data
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Transport Geography. - : Elsevier. - 0966-6923 .- 1873-1236. ; 48, s. 10-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban geography could be characterized by analysing the patterns that describe the flows of people and goods. Measuring urban structures is essential for supporting an evidence-based spatial planning policy. The objective of this study is to examine how the spatial-temporal distribution of public transport passenger flow could be used to reveal urban structure dynamics. A methodology to identify and classify centres based on mobility data was applied to Metropolitan Stockholm in Sweden using multi-modal public transport passenger flows. Stockholm is known for its long-term monocentric planning with a dominant central core and radial public transport system. Strategic nodes along its radial public transport system have been a focus for development of sub-centres. Although the regional planning policy embraces a shift towards a polycentric planning policy, the results indicate that this has not been realized insofar.
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| 35. |
- Cats, Oded, 1983-
(författare)
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Identifying human mobility patterns using smart card data
- 2023
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Ingår i: Transport reviews. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0144-1647 .- 1464-5327.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human mobility is subject to collective dynamics that are the outcome of numerous individual choices. Smart card data which originated as a means of facilitating automated fare collection has emerged as an invaluable source for analysing mobility patterns. A variety of clustering and segmentation techniques has been adopted and adapted for applications ranging from market segmentation to the analysis of urban activity locations. In this paper we provide a systematic review of the state-of-the-art on clustering public transport users based on their temporal or spatial-temporal characteristics as well as studies that use the latter to characterise individual stations, lines or urban areas. Furthermore, a critical review of the literature reveals an important distinction between studies focusing on the intra-personal variability of travel patterns versus those concerned with the inter-personal variability of travel patterns. We synthesise the key analysis approaches as well as substantive findings and subsequently identify common trends and shortcomings and outline related directions for further research.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
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Impacts of holding control strategies on transit performance : A bus simulation model analysis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Record. - : SAGE Publications. - 0361-1981 .- 2169-4052. ; :2216, s. 51-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transit operators are interested in strategies to improve service reliability as it is an important measure of performance and level of service. One of the common practices aimed at reducing service unreliability is holding control strategies. The design of these strategies involves the selection of a set of time point stops and the holding criteria for regulating the departure time. The interactions between passenger activity, transit operations, and traffic dynamics must be dynamically modeled to analyze the impacts of holding strategies on transit performance. An evaluation of different holding criteria and the number and location of time point stops was conducted with Bus Mezzo, a dynamic transit simulation model. The holding strategies were implemented in the model and applied to a high-frequency trunk bus line in Stockholm, Sweden. The analysis of the results considers the implications of holding strategies from both passenger and operator perspectives. The analysis suggests substantial gains are possible by implementing a holding strategy on the basis of the mean headway from the preceding and the succeeding buses. This strategy is the most efficient for passenger time savings as well as fleet costs and crew management.
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| 38. |
- Cats, Oded, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Learning and adaptation in dynamic transit assignment models for congested networks
- 2020
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Record. - : SAGE Publications. - 0361-1981 .- 2169-4052. ; 2674:1, s. 113-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The distribution of passenger demand over the transit network is forecasted using transit assignment models which conventionally assume that passenger loads satisfy network equilibrium conditions. The approach taken in this study is to model transit path choice as a within-day dynamic process influenced by network state variation and real-time information. The iterative network loading process leading to steady-state conditions is performed by means of day-to-day learning implemented in an agent-based simulation model. We explicitly account for adaptation and learning in relation to service uncertainty, on-board crowding and information provision in the context of congested transit networks. This study thus combines the underlying assignment principles that govern transit assignment models and the disaggregate demand modeling enabled by agent-based simulation modeling. The model is applied to a toy network for illustration purposes, followed by a demonstration for the rapid transit network of Stockholm, Sweden. A full-scale application of the proposed model shows the day-to-day travel time and crowding development for different levels of network saturation and when deploying different levels of information availability.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
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Mesoscopic Modeling of Bus Public Transportation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Record. - : SAGE Publications. - 0361-1981 .- 2169-4052. ; :2188, s. 9-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of public transport system performance and level of service in urban areas is essential. Dynamic modeling of traffic conditions, passenger demand, and transit operations is important to represent adequately the complexity of and the interactions between these components in modern public transportation systems. This paper presents a transit simulation model designed to support evaluation of operations planning and control, especially in the context of advanced public transportation systems. Unlike most previous efforts in this area, the simulation model is built on a platform of a mesoscopic traffic simulation model, which allows modeling or the operation dynamics of large-scale transit systems, taking into account the main sources of service uncertainty and stochasticity. The capabilities of Mezzo as an evaluation tool of transit operations are demonstrated with an application to a real-world, high-demand bus line in metropolitan Tel Aviv, Israel, under various scenarios. The application shows that important phenomena such as bus bunching are reproduced realistically. A comparison of simulated running times and headway distributions with field data shows the model is capable of replicating observed data.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling public transport on-board congestion : comparing schedule-based and agent-based assignment approaches and their implications
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Transportation. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0197-6729 .- 2042-3195. ; 50:6, s. 1209-1224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transit systems are subject to congestion that influences system performance and level of service. The evaluation of measures to relieve congestion requires models that can capture their network effects and passengers' adaptation. In particular, on-board congestion leads to an increase of crowding discomfort and denied boarding and a decrease in service reliability. This study performs a systematic comparison of alternative approaches to modelling on-board congestion in transit networks. In particular, the congestion-related functionalities of a schedule-based model and an agent-based transit assignment model are investigated, by comparing VISUM and BusMezzo, respectively. The theoretical background, modelling principles and implementation details of the alternative models are examined and demonstrated by testing various operational scenarios for an example network. The results suggest that differences in modelling passenger arrival process, choice-set generation and route choice model yield systematically different passenger loads. The schedule-based model is insensitive to a uniform increase in demand or decrease in capacity when caused by either vehicle capacity or service frequency reduction. In contrast, nominal travel times increase in the agent-based model as demand increases or capacity decreases. The marginal increase in travel time increases as the network becomes more saturated. Whilst none of the existing models capture the full range of congestion effects and related behavioural responses, existing models can support different planning decisions.
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| 43. |
- Cats, Oded, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling the Impacts of Public Transport Reliability and Travel Information on Passengers’ Waiting Time Uncertainty
- 2017
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Ingår i: EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 2192-4376 .- 2192-4384. ; 6:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public transport systems are subject to uncertainties related to traffic dynamic, operations, and passenger demand. Passenger waiting time is thus a random variable subject to day-to-day variations and the interaction between vehicle and passenger stochastic arrival processes. While the provision of real-time information could potentially reduce travel uncertainty, its impacts depend on the underlying service reliability, the performance of the prognosis scheme, and its perceived credibility. This paper presents a modeling framework for analyzing passengers’ learning process and adaptation with respect to waiting-time uncertainty and travel information. The model consists of a within-day network loading procedure and a day-to-day learning process, which are implemented in an agent-based simulation model. Each loop of within-day dynamics assigns travelers to paths by simulating the progress of individual travelers and vehicles as well as the generation and dissemination of travel information. The day-to-day learning model updates the accumulated memory of each traveler and updates consequently the credibility attributed to each information source based on the experienced waiting time. A case study in Stockholm demonstrates model capabilities and emphasizes the importance of behavioral adaptation when evaluating alternative measures which aim to improve service reliability.
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| 44. |
- Cats, Oded
(författare)
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Multi-agent transit operations and assignment model
- 2013
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Ingår i: Procedia Computer Science. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 809-814
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transit systems exercise complex dynamics and evolve through the interaction of various agents. The analysis of transit performance requires emulating the dynamic loading of travellers and their interaction with the underlying transit system. Multi-agent simulations aim to mimic the emergence of global spontaneous order from numerous inter-dependent local decisions. This paper presents a framework for a multi-agent transit operations and assignment model which captures supply uncertainties and adaptive user decisions. An iterative day-to-day learning process consisting of a within-day dynamic network loading loop simulates the interaction between transit supply and demand. The model requires the development and integration of several modules including traffic simulation, transit operations and control, dynamic path choice model and real-time information generator. BusMezzo, a transit simulation model, is used as the platform for implementation.
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| 45. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing the number and location of time point stops
- 2014
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Ingår i: Public Transport. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-749X .- 1613-7159. ; 6:3, s. 215-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public transport service is subject to multiple sources of uncertainty that impact its reliability. Holding control strategies are a common method to prevent the deterioration of service reliability along the route. This paper expands on previous studies by considering the general case of determining both the optimal number and optimal location of the time point stops (TPS) where holding takes place, and assessing their impacts on transit performance using simulation. Holding times are determined based on a real-time headway-based holding strategy designed to improve service regularity by seeking uniform headways along the route. The evaluation of the performance of alternative TPS layouts is simulation-based, using BusMezzo, a transit operations simulation model which models the dynamic performance of bus transit systems. The proposed framework also considers the multiple objectives incorporating passenger and operator points of view. The simulation-based optimization framework was applied in a case study with one of the premium bus lines in Stockholm, Sweden, using two solution methods—greedy and genetic algorithms. A multi-objective evaluation was conducted considering both passenger and operator perspectives. The results demonstrate that transit performance varies considerably with alternative TPS layouts. The best solution obtained by the proposed methodology reduces total weighted passenger journey times and cycle times compared to both the current layout and the case of no holding control. The proposed method could assist transit agencies and operators in evaluating and recommending alternative time point layouts.
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| 46. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
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Planning for the Unexpected: The Value of Reserve Capacity for Public Transport Network Robustness
- 2015
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part A. - : Elsevier. - 0965-8564 .- 1879-2375. ; 81, s. 47-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public transport networks (PTN) are subject to recurring service disruptions. Most studies of the robustness of PTN have focused on network topology and considered vulnerability in terms of connectivity reliability. While these studies provide insights on general design principles, there is lack of knowledge concerning the effectiveness of different strategies to reduce the impacts of disruptions. This paper proposes and demonstrates a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of a strategic increase in capacity on alternative PTN links to mitigate the impact of unexpected network disruptions. The evaluation approach consists of two stages: identifying a set of important links and then for each identified important link, a set of capacity enhancement schemes is evaluated. The proposed method integrates stochastic supply and demand models, dynamic route choice and limited operational capacity. This dynamic agent-based modelling of network performance enables to capture cascading network effects as well as the adaptive redistribution of passenger flows. An application for the rapid PTN of Stockholm, Sweden, demonstrates how the proposed method could be applied to sequentially designed scenarios based on their performance indicators. The method presented in this paper could support policy makers and operators in prioritizing measures to increase network robustness by improving system capacity to absorb unexpected disruptions.
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| 47. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
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Public Transport Pricing Policy Empirical Evidence from a Fare-Free Scheme in Tallinn, Estonia
- 2014
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Record. - : SAGE Publications. - 0361-1981 .- 2169-4052. ; :2415, s. 89-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cities worldwide are looking for new policies to attract travelers to shift from cars to public transport. Policies focused on reducing public transport fares are aimed at improving social inclusion and leading to a modal shift. The City of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, has recently introduced a fare-free public transport (FFPT) service in an effort to improve accessibility and mobility for its residents. The case of Tallinn is a full-scale, real-world experiment that provides a unique opportunity for investigating the impacts of FFPT policy. A macrolevel empirical evaluation of FFPT impacts on service performance, passenger demand, and accessibility for various groups of travelers is presented. In contrast to previous studies, the influence of FFPT on passenger demand was estimated while changes in supply were controlled. The results indicate that the FFPT measure accounts for an increase of 1.2% in passenger demand, with the remaining increase attributed to an extended network of public transport priority lanes and increased service frequency. The relatively small effect could be attributed to the previous price level and public transport share as well as analysis of the short-term impact. The evidence-based policy evaluation in this paper is instrumental in supporting policy making and facilitating the design of public transport pricing strategies.
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| 48. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
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Real-Time Bus Arrival Information System : An Empirical Evaluation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1547-2450 .- 1547-2442. ; 20:2, s. 138-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The provision of real-time information concerning bus arrival times could potentially reduce the uncertainty associated with public transport trips and improve the overall level-of-service. In addition, real-time predictions might enable operators to apply proactive control strategies. Even though considerable research efforts were devoted to the development of bus arrival prediction schemes, there is lack of knowledge on the performance of real-world operational systems. This paper aims to investigate the performance of a commonly deployed real-time information generation scheme. A conventionally used scheme is implemented and evaluated based on an empirical analysis. Performance metrics concerning the prediction error accuracy and reliability and their impact on expected waiting time were formulated from both passengers’ and operators’ perspective. The real-time information generator was applied on the trunk line network in Stockholm, Sweden. The accuracy and reliability of the prediction scheme was analysed by comparing the generated predictions against vehicle positioning data. This scheme was found to systematically underestimate the remaining waiting time by 6.2% on average. The provision of real-time information yields a waiting time estimate that is more than twice closer to the actual waiting times than the timetable is. This difference in waiting time expectations is equivalent to 30% of the average waiting time.
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| 49. |
- Cats, Oded, et al.
(författare)
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Real-Time Bus Arrival Information System : An Empirical Evaluation
- 2013
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Ingår i: IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781479929146 ; , s. 1310-1315
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Waiting time uncertainty is one of the main determinants of public transport reliability and overall level-of-service. The dissemination of real-time information concerning vehicle arrivals is often considered an important measure to reduce unreliability. Moreover, the prediction of downstream vehicle trajectories could also benefit real-time control strategies. In order to adequately analyze the performance of real-time bus arrival information system, the generated predictions have to be compared against empirical bus arrival data. A conventional real-world bus arrival prediction scheme is formulated and applied on the trunk lines network in Stockholm. This scheme was found to systematically underestimate the remaining waiting time by 6.2% on average. Prediction error accuracy and reliability varies considerably over time periods, along the route and as a function of the prognosis horizon. The difference between passengers' waiting time expectations derived from the timetable and real-time information is equivalent to 30% of the average waiting time.
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| 50. |
- Cats, Oded, 1983-
(författare)
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Real-time operations management decision support systems a conceptual framework
- 2017
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Ingår i: Modelling Intelligent Multi-Modal Transit Systems. - Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 : CRC Press. ; , s. 108-129
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Public transport operations are subject to inherent uncertainties. In the era of Advanced Public Transport Systems (APTS), operators can collect, process and analyze real-time system conditions as well as deploy real-time operations management strategies. Proactive service management requires operators to continuously monitor service performance and assess the implications of alternative interventions by forecasting and simulating how the system will evolve under various scenarios. Operations management decisions need to consider the prevailing and evolving supply and demand uncertainties as well as the capability of both service provider and service users to adapt to changing conditions. Despite the importance of considering these interactions, there is a pronounced division in the public transport modelling sphere between public transport operations and public transport.
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