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| 2. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 11. |
- Catto, James W. F., et al.
(författare)
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MicroRNA in Prostate, Bladder, and Kidney Cancer: A Systematic Review
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7560 .- 0302-2838. ; 59:5, s. 671-681
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are noncoding RNAs that post- transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Their altered expression and function have been observed in most urologic cancers. MiRNAs represent potential disease biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. Objective: To review and evaluate the evidence implicating miRNAs in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa), bladder cancer (BCa), and renal cancer. Evidence acquisition: A systematic review was performed using PubMed and Embase to search for reports using strings for microRNA, non- coding RNA, cancer, prostate, bladder, and renal cancer. Identified manuscripts were retrieved and references searched. Selected studies were required to concentrate on the role of miRNA in these urologic cancers. Evidence synthesis: We reviewed articles that focus on this topic. More than 40 miRNAs have been implicated in urologic cancer and many target common carcinogenic pathways. In particular, apoptosis avoidance, cell proliferation, epithelial- to- mesenchymal transition, angiogenic signalling, and the generation of androgen independence are targeted or facilitated by more than one miRNA. Little work has been done to evaluate the translational applications for this knowledge to date. Novel therapeutic strategies have been developed and are under investigation to selectively modulate miRNAs; such work would potentially enable personalised tumour therapy. Conclusions: MiRNAs appear to be important modulators of urologic cancer. Their expression is frequently altered in these tumours, and many are functionally implicated in their pathogenesis. They require evaluation to determine the translational role and therapeutic potential for this knowledge. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B. V. on behalf of European Association of Urology. All rights reserved.
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| 12. |
- Catto, P. J., et al.
(författare)
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Kinetic effects on a tokamak pedestal ion flow, ion heat transport and bootstrap current
- 2013
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6587 .- 0741-3335. ; 55:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider the effects of a finite radial electric field on ion orbits in a subsonic pedestal. Using a procedure that makes a clear distinction between a transit average and a flux surface average we are able to solve the kinetic equation to retain the modifications due to finite E X B drift orbit departures from flux surfaces. Our approach properly determines the velocity space localized, as well as the nonlocal, portion of the ion distribution function in the banana and plateau regimes in the small aspect ratio limit. The rapid variation of the poloidal ion flow coefficient and the electrostatic potential in the total energy modify previous banana regime evaluations of the ion flow, the bootstrap current, and the radial ion heat flux in a subsonic pedestal. In the plateau regime, the rapid variation of the poloidal flow coefficient alters earlier results for the ion flow and bootstrap current, while leaving the ion heat flux unchanged since the rapid poloidal variation of the total energy was properly retained.
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| 15. |
- Connor, J W, et al.
(författare)
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High-m kink/tearing modes in cylindrical geometry
- 2014
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6587 .- 0741-3335. ; 56:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global ideal kink equation, for cylindrical geometry and zero beta, is simplified in the high poloidal mode number limit and used to determine the tearing stability parameter, Δ'. In the presence of a steep monotonic current gradient, Δ' becomes a function of a parameter, σ0, characterising the ratio of the maximum current gradient to magnetic shear and xs, characterising the separation of the resonant surface from the maximum of the current gradient. In equilibria containing a current 'spike', so that there is a non-monotonic current profile, Δ' also depends on two parameters: κ, related to the ratio of the curvature of the current density at its maximum to the magnetic shear and xs, which now represents the separation of the resonance from the point of maximum current density. The relation of our results to earlier studies of tearing modes and to recent gyrokinetic calculations of current driven instabilities, is discussed, together with potential implications for the stability of the tokamak pedestal.
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| 19. |
- Holmberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of prostate cancer survival in England, Norway and Sweden : A population-based study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-7821 .- 1877-783X. ; 36:1, s. e7-e12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The objective of the study was to compare patterns of survival 2001-2004 in prostate cancer patients from England, Norway and Sweden in relation to age and period of follow-up. Subjects and methods Excess mortality in men with prostate cancer was estimated using nation-wide cancer register data using a period approach for relative survival. 179,112 men in England, 23,192 in Norway and 59,697 in Sweden were included. Results In all age groups, England had the lowest survival, particularly so among men aged 80+. Overall age-standardised five-year survival was 76.4%, 80.3% and 83.0% for England, Norway and Sweden, respectively. The majority of the excess deaths in England were confined to the first year of follow-up. Conclusion The results indicate that a small but important group of older patients present at a late stage and succumb early to their cancers, possibly in combination with severe comorbidity, and this situation is more common in England than in Norway or Sweden.
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| 20. |
- Kagan, G., et al.
(författare)
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Neoclassical Theory of Pedestal Flows and Comparison with Alcator C-Mod Measurements
- 2012
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Ingår i: Contributions to Plasma Physics. - : Wiley. - 0863-1042 .- 1521-3986. ; 52:5-6, s. 365 - 371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neoclassical implications of the strong radial electric field, inherently present in an H-mode tokamak pedestal, are considered. The main ion poloidal flow in the pedestal is predicted to be reduced in magnitude, or even reversed, compared with its core counterpart. The resulting change in the neoclassical formula for the impurity flow is shown to result in improved agreement with boron measurements in the Alcator C-Mod pedestal. In addition, due to the ion flow being modified, the bootstrap current is expected to be enhanced in the pedestal over conventional predictions.
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| 21. |
- Landreman, M., et al.
(författare)
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Global delta-f neoclassical calculations in a pedestal
- 2013
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Ingår i: 55th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics, Denver CO, USA, Bulletin of the American Physical Society. ; 58:16, s. PP8.00036-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conventional calculations of neoclassical flows, current, and fluxes may not be valid in the pedestal since the strong gradients violate the assumed ordering, yet accurate calculation of these quantities is important for understanding edge stability and confinement. We have therefore developed a new radially global continuum neoclassical code PERFECT [1] which allows some radial scale lengths to be as small as the poloidal ion gyroradius. A strong radial electric field with strong shear is also included. In contrast to conventional neoclassical calculations, sources of particles and energy must be determined self-consistently to find the correction to the Maxwellian. The full linearized Fokker-Planck collision operator is implemented, arbitrary collisionality is allowed, and an arbitrary number of species are permitted. Efficiency is aided by a new spectral discretization for velocity space [2] and a preconditioned Krylov-space solver. At large aspect ratio, precise agreement is obtained between the code and recent analytic theory that accounts for finite orbit width effects. At realistic aspect ratio, strong poloidal asymmetries can arise in the flow, breaking the usual form for flows on a flux surface. [1] PPCF 54, 115006 (2012). [2] J Comp Phys 243, 130 (2013).
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| 22. |
- Landreman, M., et al.
(författare)
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Radially global δf computation of neoclassical phenomena in a tokamak pedestal
- 2014
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - 1361-6587 .- 0741-3335. ; 56:4, s. 045005-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conventional radially-local neoclassical calculations become inadequate if the radial gradient scale lengths of the H-mode pedestal become as small as the poloidal ion gyroradius. Here, we describe a radially global δf continuum code that generalizes neoclassical calculations to allow for stronger gradients. As with conventional neoclassical calculations, the formulation is time-independent and requires only the solution of a single sparse linear system. We demonstrate precise agreement with an asymptotic analytic solution of the radially global kinetic equation in the appropriate limits of aspect ratio and collisionality. This agreement depends crucially on accurate treatment of finite orbit width effects.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Pusztai, Istvan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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A current-driven electromagnetic mode in sheared and toroidal configurations
- 2014
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6587 .- 0741-3335. ; 56:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The induced electric field in a tokamak drives a parallel electron current flow. In an inhomogeneous, finite beta plasma, when this electron flow is comparable to the ion thermal speed, the Alfven mode wave solutions of the electromagnetic gyrokinetic equation can become nearly purely growing kink modes. Using the new 'low-flow' version of the gyrokinetic code GS2 developed for momentum transport studies (Barnes et al 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 055005), we are able to model the effect of the induced parallel electric field on the electron distribution to study the destabilizing influence of current on stability. We identify high mode number kink modes in GS2 simulations and make comparisons to analytical theory in sheared magnetic geometry. We demonstrate reassuring agreement with analytical results both in terms of parametric dependences of mode frequencies and growth rates, and regarding the radial mode structure.
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| 25. |
- Pusztai, Istvan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Current driven instability in finite beta plasmas
- 2013
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Ingår i: 55th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics, Denver CO, USA, Bulletin of the American Physical Society. ; 58:16, s. PP8.00102-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The induced electric field in a tokamak drives a parallel electron current flow. In an inhomogeneous, finite beta plasma, when this electron flow is non-negligible compared to the ion thermal speed, the Alfv\'{e}n mode wave solutions of the electromagnetic gyrokinetic equation can become an almost purely growing kink mode. Using the new ``low-flow'' version of the gyrokinetic code GS2 developed for momentum transport studies [Barnes et al 2013 to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett., arXiv: 1304.3633], we are able to model the effect of the induced parallel electric field on the electron distribution to study the impact of a current on stability. We identify high mode number kink modes in GS2 simulations and make comparisons to analytical theory in a sheared magnetic geometry. We find a reassuring agreement with analytical results both in terms of parametric dependences of mode frequencies and growth rates, and regarding the radial mode structure.
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| 26. |
- Pusztai, Istvan, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Electron flow driven instability in finite beta plasmas
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 40th EPS conference on plasma Physics, Espoo, Finland, Europhysics Conference Abstracts. - 9781632663108 ; 2, s. 1098-1101
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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