| 1. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
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| 2. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
-
Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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| 4. |
- Amare, Azmeraw, et al.
(författare)
-
Association of Polygenic Score and the involvement of Cholinergic and Glutamatergic Pathways with Lithium Treatment Response in Patients with Bipolar Disorder.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Research square. - : Research Square Platform LLC.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lithium is regarded as the first-line treatment for bipolar disorder (BD), a severe and disabling mental disorder that affects about 1% of the population worldwide. Nevertheless, lithium is not consistently effective, with only 30% of patients showing a favorable response to treatment. To provide personalized treatment options for bipolar patients, it is essential to identify prediction biomarkers such as polygenic scores. In this study, we developed a polygenic score for lithium treatment response (Li+PGS) in patients with BD. To gain further insights into lithium's possible molecular mechanism of action, we performed a genome-wide gene-based analysis. Using polygenic score modeling, via methods incorporating Bayesian regression and continuous shrinkage priors, Li+PGS was developed in the International Consortium of Lithium Genetics cohort (ConLi+Gen: N=2,367) and replicated in the combined PsyCourse (N=89) and BipoLife (N=102) studies. The associations of Li+PGS and lithium treatment response - defined in a continuous ALDA scale and a categorical outcome (good response vs. poor response) were tested using regression models, each adjusted for the covariates: age, sex, and the first four genetic principal components. Statistical significance was determined at P<����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������.
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| 5. |
- Amare, Azmeraw T, et al.
(författare)
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Association of polygenic score and the involvement of cholinergic and glutamatergic pathways with lithium treatment response in patients with bipolar disorder.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Molecular psychiatry. - 1476-5578. ; 28, s. 5251-5261
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lithium is regarded as the first-line treatment for bipolar disorder (BD), a severe and disabling mental healthdisorder that affects about 1% of the population worldwide. Nevertheless, lithium is not consistently effective, with only 30% of patients showing a favorable response to treatment. To provide personalized treatment options for bipolar patients, it is essential to identify prediction biomarkers such as polygenic scores. In this study, we developed a polygenic score for lithium treatment response (Li+PGS) in patients with BD. To gain further insights into lithium's possible molecular mechanism of action, we performed a genome-wide gene-based analysis. Using polygenic score modeling, via methods incorporating Bayesian regression and continuous shrinkage priors, Li+PGS was developed in the International Consortium of Lithium Genetics cohort (ConLi+Gen: N=2367) and replicated in the combined PsyCourse (N=89) and BipoLife (N=102) studies. The associations of Li+PGS and lithium treatment response - defined in a continuous ALDA scale and a categorical outcome (good response vs. poor response) were tested using regression models, each adjusted for the covariates: age, sex, and the first four genetic principal components. Statistical significance was determined at P<0.05. Li+PGS was positively associated with lithium treatment response in the ConLi+Gen cohort, in both the categorical (P=9.8×10-12, R2=1.9%) and continuous (P=6.4×10-9, R2=2.6%) outcomes. Compared to bipolar patients in the 1st decile of the risk distribution, individuals in the 10th decile had 3.47-fold (95%CI: 2.22-5.47) higher odds of responding favorably to lithium. The results were replicated in the independent cohorts for the categorical treatment outcome (P=3.9×10-4, R2=0.9%), but not for the continuous outcome (P=0.13). Gene-based analyses revealed 36 candidate genes that are enriched in biological pathways controlled by glutamate and acetylcholine. Li+PGS may be useful in the development of pharmacogenomic testing strategies by enabling a classification of bipolar patients according to their response to treatment.
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| 6. |
- Amare, Azmeraw T, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Polygenic Score for Schizophrenia and HLA Antigen and Inflammation Genes With Response to Lithium in Bipolar Affective Disorder: A Genome-Wide Association Study.
- 2018
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Ingår i: JAMA psychiatry. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6238 .- 2168-622X. ; 75:1, s. 65-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lithium is a first-line mood stabilizer for the treatment of bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). However, the efficacy of lithium varies widely, with a nonresponse rate of up to 30%. Biological response markers are lacking. Genetic factors are thought to mediate treatment response to lithium, and there is a previously reported genetic overlap between BPAD and schizophrenia (SCZ).To test whether a polygenic score for SCZ is associated with treatment response to lithium in BPAD and to explore the potential molecular underpinnings of this association.A total of 2586 patients with BPAD who had undergone lithium treatment were genotyped and assessed for long-term response to treatment between 2008 and 2013. Weighted SCZ polygenic scores were computed at different P value thresholds using summary statistics from an international multicenter genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 36989 individuals with SCZ and genotype data from patients with BPAD from the Consortium on Lithium Genetics. For functional exploration, a cross-trait meta-GWAS and pathway analysis was performed, combining GWAS summary statistics on SCZ and response to treatment with lithium. Data analysis was performed from September 2016 to February 2017.Treatment response to lithium was defined on both the categorical and continuous scales using the Retrospective Criteria of Long-Term Treatment Response in Research Subjects with Bipolar Disorder score. The effect measures include odds ratios and the proportion of variance explained.Of the 2586 patients in the study (mean [SD] age, 47.2 [13.9] years), 1478 were women and 1108 were men. The polygenic score for SCZ was inversely associated with lithium treatment response in the categorical outcome, at a threshold P<5×10-2. Patients with BPAD who had a low polygenic load for SCZ responded better to lithium, with odds ratios for lithium response ranging from 3.46 (95% CI, 1.42-8.41) at the first decile to 2.03 (95% CI, 0.86-4.81) at the ninth decile, compared with the patients in the 10th decile of SCZ risk. In the cross-trait meta-GWAS, 15 genetic loci that may have overlapping effects on lithium treatment response and susceptibility to SCZ were identified. Functional pathway and network analysis of these loci point to the HLA antigen complex and inflammatory cytokines.This study provides evidence for a negative association between high genetic loading for SCZ and poor response to lithium in patients with BPAD. These results suggest the potential for translational research aimed at personalized prescribing of lithium.
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| 7. |
- Amiri, Kaveh, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of flow unsteadiness on the wall shear stress
- 2012
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Ingår i: 26th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. ; , s. 62033-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements were performed on pulsating fully turbulent flows in a pipe test rig with a diameter of 100 mm. Sinusoidal oscillatory flow at different frequencies was superimposed on a mean flow of averaged Reynolds number Re=20000 based on the pipe diameter. The measurements have been performed at different forcing frequencies (0.001 < ω+ < 0.08) covering all the oscillatory regimes; quasi-steady, relaxation, quasi laminar and high frequency. The amplitude of the flow oscillation was small enough to allow a linear response in the measurements, i.e., all flow parameters showed an oscillatory behavior at the frequency of the flow. The amplitude of the oscillatory flow was about 10% of the mean velocity in all cases. The results include mean and phase averaged values of different parameters. The centerline velocity was measured by a 2D LDA system. Hot film and constant temperature anemometry system was used to determine the wall shear stress. Bulk velocity and pressure gradient along the pipe were also acquired. The results showed a good agreement with the previous analytical, experimental and numerical results available in the literature.
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| 8. |
- Amiri, Kaveh, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of load variation on a Kaplan turbine runner
- 2016
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems. - 1882-9554. ; 9:2, s. 182-193
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction of intermittent electricity production systems like wind and solar power to electricity market together with the deregulation of electricity markets resulted in numerous start/stops, load variations and off-design operation of water turbines. Hydraulic turbines suffer from the varying loads exerted on their stationary and rotating parts during load variations they are not designed for such operating conditions. Investigations on part load operation of single regulated turbines, i.e., Francis and propeller, proved the formation of a rotating vortex rope (RVR) in the draft tube. The RVR induces pressure pulsations in the axial and rotating direction called plunging and rotating modes, respectively. This results in oscillating forces with two different frequencies on the runner blades, bearings and other rotating parts of the turbine. This study investigates the effect of transient operations on the pressure fluctuations exerted on the runner and mechanism of the RVR formation/mitigation. Draft tube and runner blades of the Porjus U9 model, a Kaplan turbine, were equipped with pressure sensors for this purpose. The model was run in off-cam mode during different load variations. The results showed that the transients between the best efficiency point and the high load occurs in a smooth way. However, during transitions to the part load a RVR forms in the draft tube which induces high level of fluctuations with two frequencies on the runner; plunging and rotating mode. Formation of the RVR during the load rejections coincides with sudden pressure change on the runner while its mitigation occurs in a smooth way.
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| 9. |
- Amiri, Kaveh, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of upstream flow conditions on runner pressure fluctuations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics. - : Isfahan University of Technology. - 1735-3572 .- 1735-3645. ; 10:4, s. 1045-1059
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rotor-stator interaction and the corresponding pressure fluctuations represent one of the sources of pressure and load fluctuations on the rotating parts of rotating machineries. The high-Reynolds flow is subject to rotation in the comparably large vaneless space of axial turbines, causing wake interaction and wake dissipation in this region. This increases the level of flow complexity in this region. This study examined the effect of the flow condition entering the spiral casing on the flow condition within the distributor and the runner and the physical source of pressure fluctuations exerted on the runner of a Kaplan turbine model. Simulations were performed within the water supply system, including the upstream tank, penstock, and the Francis turbines, the level of entering the spiral casing; the results were compared with laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) results. The results were considered as the inlet boundary condition for simulation of the turbine model from the spiral inlet to the draft tube outlet to investigate the flow condition within the distributor and the runner. The CFD simulations showed that the water supply system induces inhomogeneity to the velocity distribution at the spiral inlet. However, the flow condition does not affect the pressure fluctuations exerted on the runner blades due to the rotor-stator interactions. Moreover, the dominant frequencies exerted on the runner blades were accurately approximated although the amplitudes of the fluctuations were underestimated.
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| 10. |
- Amiri, Kaveh, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental investigation of the hydraulic loads on the runner of a Kaplan turbine model and the corresponding prototype
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Hydraulic Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-1686 .- 1814-2079. ; 53:4, s. 452-465
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on unsteady pressure measurements on the runner blades of a Kaplan turbine model as well as torque and radial load bearing measurements on the corresponding prototype at several operating points to investigate the sources of periodic loads exerted on the runner when operating at the best efficiency point and off design. Pressure measurements on the model runner blades indicated that the spiral casing delivers a poorly conditioned flow to the guide vanes close to the lip-entrance junction, resulting in flow separation on the guide vanes. The asymmetric flow delivered to the runner induces large oscillations with respect to the guide vane passing frequency, runner frequency and its harmonics to the runner blades. The torque measurements on the prototype also revealed an asymmetric flow at the distributor outlet. The bearing radial load measurements performed on the prototype support the torque measurement results. The asymmetric hydraulic loads on the runner result in shaft wobbling, and the oscillatory forces exerted on the blades are transferred to the main shaft and bearings. Another source of oscillating forces exerted on the runner blades is the rotating vortex rope (RVR) formation that occurs at part-load operation of the turbine and induces pressure fluctuations at two sub-synchronous frequencies to the runner.
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| 11. |
- Amiri, Kaveh, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Investigation of the Interblade Flow in a Kaplan Runner at Several Operating Points Using Laser Doppler Anemometry
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Fluids Engineering. - : ASME International. - 0098-2202 .- 1528-901X. ; 138:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) measurements within the runner blade channels and at the runner outlet of a Kaplan turbine model. The model was investigated at six operating points located on two propeller curves of the turbine to study the flow condition during on-cam and off-cam operations. Main and secondary flows within and after the runner were analyzed, and the effects of the hub and tip clearances on the velocity fields within and after the runner were evaluated. Operation of the turbine at flow rates that are lower than the designed rate for the corresponding propeller curve resulted in vortex breakdown and the formation of a rotating vortex rope (RVR). The RVR formation produced an asymmetrical velocity distribution within and after the runner. The results demonstrated the occurrence of an oscillating flow with the same frequency as the vortex rope within the blade channels located upstream of the RVR. This results in an asymmetric flow through the runner and oscillating forces on the runner blades. The measured velocities indicated that the geometrical asymmetries in the runner manufacturing process resulted in various flow asymmetries at the measured sections. The asymmetries were up to 3% within the runner and 7% at the runner outlet
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Amiri, Kaveh, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental study on flow asymmetry after the draft tube bend of a Kaplan turbine
- 2016
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Ingår i: Advances and Applications in Fluid Mechanics. - 0973-4686. ; 19:2, s. 441-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flow condition in a Kaplan turbine draft tube is investigated using laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) and particle image velocimetry(PIV). The investigated draft tube is composed of a cone followed by an elbow and a straight diffuser. The three velocity components were measured after the elbow at two different locations across the straight diffuser to quantify the flow asymmetry as well as the secondary flows formed in this region. The velocity profiles at the draft tube inlet are measured using a 2D LDA system allowing estimation of the draft tube inlet swirl. The results are presented at three operating points of the turbine. The flow condition after the draft tube bend was shown to be highly dependent on the vortex structures within the straight draft tube; namely Dean vortices and the swirl leaving the runner. At operating points with high flow rates and low swirl, Dean vortices dominate the upstream swirl; a symmetric but inhomogeneous flow resembling flow after a pipe bend forms within the straight diffuser. At part load operating points with high swirl and low flow rate, the flow after the bend is dominated by the upstream swirl resulting in asymmetric flow after the draft tube bend. The flow asymmetry is shown to be a 2nd order function of the swirl-to-Dean ratio.
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| 14. |
- Amiri, Kaveh, et al.
(författare)
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Load variation effects on the pressure fluctuations exerted on a Kaplan turbine runner
- 2014
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Ingår i: 27th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems, IAHR 2014. - : IOP Publishing Ltd.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction of intermittent electricity production systems like wind power and solar systems to electricity market together with the consumption-based electricity production resulted in numerous start/stops, load variations and off-design operation of water turbines. The hydropower systems suffer from the varying loads exerted on the stationary and rotating parts of the turbines during load variations which they are not designed for. On the other hand, investigations on part load operation of single regulated turbines, i.e., Francis and propeller, proved the formation of rotating vortex rope (RVR) in the draft tube. The RVR induces oscillating flow both in plunging and rotating modes which results in oscillating force with two different frequencies on the runner blades, bearings and other rotating parts of the turbine. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of transient operations on the pressure fluctuations on the runner and mechanism of the RVR formation/mitigation. Draft tube and runner blades of the Porjus U9 model, a Kaplan turbine, were equipped with pressure sensors. The model was run in off-cam mode during different load variation conditions to check the runner performance under unsteady condition. The results showed that the transients between the best efficiency point and the high load happens in a smooth way while transitions to/from the part load, where rotating vortex rope (RVR) forms in the draft tube induces high level of fluctuations with two frequencies on the runner; plunging and rotating mode of the RVR.
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| 15. |
- Amiri, Kaveh, et al.
(författare)
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Unsteady pressure measurements on the runner of a Kaplan turbine during load acceptance and load rejection
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Hydraulic Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-1686 .- 1814-2079. ; 54:1, s. 56-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper addresses unsteady pressure measurements on the blades and stationary parts of a Kaplan turbine model (Porjus U9) during load variation. The turbine was studied in various load acceptance and load rejection scenarios in off-cam mode to investigate the effect of the transients on the turbine performance. The formation and mitigation processes for the rotating vortex ropes and their effects on the forces exerted on the runner were also investigated. The results show a smooth transition during load variations between high load and the best efficiency point, at which no rotating vortex ropes form in the draft tube. However, load variation to part load resulted in a draft tube surge and the formation of a rotating vortex rope with two fluctuating components: rotating and plunging. The rotating vortex ropes began to form at the end of the draft tube cone during the closure of the guide vanes and travelled upstream with further guide vane closure. The plunging mode induced flow oscillation throughout the entire turbine conduit, whereas the rotating mode resulted in local pressure fluctuations. The rotating vortex ropes induced wide-band pressure fluctuations on the suction side of the runner close to the hub section. The formation of the rotating vortex ropes near the runner resulted in a sudden change in the pressure exerted on the suction side of the blades, whereas the rotating vortex rope mitigation process proceeded in a smooth manner.
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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A model experiment of dynamic loads on a draft tube pier
- 2008
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Ingår i: Hydro technology and the evironment for the new century. - Foz do Iguassu.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cracks on the pier of large draft tubes have occurred causing stand-still and repair of two large twin stations Porjus G11 and G12. In order to understand the mechanism behind the formation of the cracks, a research programme was initiated at Vattenfall. Measurements were performed on a prototype as well structural analysis (FEM). In order to corroborate some findings, get detailed information of the load on the pier and identify critical operating conditions, model tests were performed at the Hydraulic Machinery Laboratory of Vattenfall Research and Development, Älvkarleby, Sweden. An adjustable draft tube pier with several pressure holes was used to estimate the load acting on the pier. The tests did not indicate any operating point that would cause direct braking, but possible fatigue problems. At part load the pressure was considerably higher on one side of the pier. The pressure difference decreases with increased flow, and change high-pressure side at full load. Efficiency measurements and visualization did not show any impact of the angle bars installed in the year 2000 to strength the structure.
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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Phase resolved velocity measurements at the draft tube cone of the turbine-99 test case
- 2008
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Ingår i: Hydro technology and the evironment for the new century. - Foz do Iguassu.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Turbine-99 test case, a Kaplan draft tube, has been studied extensively both experimentally and numerically. To further complete the experimental data of this test case, phase resolved velocity profiles in the draft tube cone are presented in this paper. The phase resolved velocity profiles have been measured with a 2-component LDA equipment measuring both the tangential and the axial velocity components of the flow. The measurements were synchronised with a pulse from the runner shaft that gives the angular position/phase of each velocity measurement. The result shows a clear impact of the runner blade wakes on the flow distribution in the draft tube cone. Further down in the cone the blade wakes are still visible, even if noticeable weaker, and they have increased their extent in the tangential direction.
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| 18. |
- Atta, Khalid, et al.
(författare)
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Maximum power point tracking for micro hydro power plants using extremum seeking control
- 2015
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Ingår i: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA 2015). - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781479977871 ; , s. 1874-1879
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we propose using extremum seeking control (ESC) as a tool for maximum power point tracking in micro hydro power plants. The phasor ESC, which is based on estimating the phasor of the plant output at the perturbation frequency, was modified by stimating the phasors of multiple harmonics of this frequency. This modification will improve the performance of ESC by reducing the luctuations in control variables that may appear in noisy environments as a result of high-amplitude perturbation signals. A test rig was used to experimentally verify the proposed approach and to demonstrate the usability of ESC in hydro power plants.
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| 19. |
- Atta, Khalid, et al.
(författare)
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Phasor Extremum Seeking and its Application in Kaplan Turbine Control
- 2014
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Ingår i: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA 2014). - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781479974092 ; , s. 298-303
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Combinator is an important part in Kaplan turbine control. It ensures that the turbine will operate in an optimum way, in terms of maximum efficiency of the plant. This work suggests a new sinusoidal perturbation based extremum seeking algorithm based on the phasor of the output. We propose to use this algorithm for generating the required data to build and correct the combinator. Simulations are presented showing the applicability of the proposed methods.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical investigation of hydrodynamic damping of a pitching hydrofoil at different flow regimes
- 2024
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Ingår i: The 17th Asian International Conference on Fluid Machinery (AICFM 17 2023) 20/10/2023 - 23/10/2023 Zhenjiang, China. - : Institute of Physics (IOP).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the development of intermittent renewable energy resources, hydropower plants are mostly operated under off-design conditions. This may lead to natural frequency excitation shortening the turbine life-span. To accurately estimate the fatigue life, it is necessary to evaluate the hydrodynamic damping parameters. In the present study, different flow regimes and their relationship with hydrodynamic damping are analyzed numerically using the 3 - Reθt transition SST ĸ - ω turbulence model. The test case is a NACA0009 hydrofoil pitching around its center of mass. A good agreement between the present and previous numerical results is obtained. Consistent with the literature, hydrodynamic damping coefficient demonstrate consistently two different regions. The phase shift between the displacement and moment increases with the rise of the pitching frequency. After reaching a peak value at a reduced frequency of around κ = 5, the phase shift starts to decrease, and eventually approaches zero again. The damping behavior demonstrates an opposite trend. First, it reduces in spite of the phase shift increase, and after the inflection point, where the flow field changes from the drag mode to the thrust mode, it rises due to the torque development. The maximum of the damping occurs at the low frequencies.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Baidar, Binaya
(författare)
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A sensitivity analysis of the Winter-Kennedy method
- 2018
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hydropower is among the lowest-cost electrical energy sources due to its long lifespan and lower operation and maintenance cost. The hydro-mechanical components of hydropower plants generally last about four to five decades, then they are either overhauled or replaced. The major upgrades and refurbishments of the hydropower plants that are ongoing have also been motivated by the introduction of new rules and regulations, safety or environmentally friendly and improved turbine designs. Whatever are the drivers, the refurbishments are usually expected to increase efficiency, flexibility and more power from the plant.Efficiency measurement is usually performed after refurbishments. While it is relatively straightforward to measure efficiency in high head machines due to the availability of several code-accepted methods, similar measurements in low head plants remain a challenge. The main difficulty lies in the discharge/flow rate measurement. The reason is due to the continuously varying cross-section and short intake, as a result, the flow profile or parallel streamlines cannot be established. Among several relative methods, the Winter-Kennedy (WK) method is widely used to determine the step-up efficiency before and after refurbishment. The WK method is an index testing approach allowing to determine the on-cam relationship between blade and guide vane angles for Kaplan turbine as well. The method utilizes features of the flow physics in a curvilinear motion. A pair of pressure taps is placed at an inner and outer section of the spiral case (SC). The method relates discharge (Q) as Q=K(dP)^n, where K is usually called as the WK constant and n is the exponent whose value varies from 0.48 to 0.52. dP is the differential pressure from the pair of pressure taps placed on the SC. Although the method has very high repeatability, some discrepancies were noticed in previous studies. The reasons are often attributed to the change in local flow conditions due to the change in inflow conditions, corrosions, or change in geometry. Paper A is a review of the WK method, which includes the possible factors that can influence the WK method. Considering the possible factors, the aim of this thesis is to study the change in flow behavior and its impact on the coefficients. Therefore, a numerical model of a Kaplan turbine has been developed. The turbine model of Hölleforsen hydropower plant in Sweden was used in the study. The plant is considered as a low head with 27-m head and a discharge of 230 m3/s. The 1:11 scale model of the prototype is used as the numerical model in this study, which has 0.5 m runner diameter, 4.5 m head, 0.522 m3/s discharge and 595 rpm at its best efficiency point. A sensitivity analysis of the WK method has been performed with the help of CFD simulations. The numerical results are compared with the previously conducted experiment on the model. The study considers four different WK configurations at seven locations along the azimuthal direction. The simulations have been performed with different inlet boundary conditions (Paper B and Paper C) and different runner blade angles (Paper C). The CFD results show that the WK coefficients are sensitive to inlet conditions. The study also concludes that to limit the impact of a change in inflow conditions, runner blade angle on the coefficients, the more suitable WK locations are at the beginning of the SC with the inner pressure tap placed between stay vanes on the top wall.
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| 25. |
- Baidar, Binaya, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of runner change on the Winter-Kennedy flow measurement method : A numerical study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Renewable energy. - : Elsevier. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 153, s. 975-984
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Winter-Kennedy (WK) method is a popular choice to estimate the relative flow rates, and thus the expected improvement in the efficiency of a low head turbine after its refurbishment. Runner refurbishment is a common way to improve the plant’s efficiency. However, a previous experiment on a model turbine reported deviations between the WK coefficients obtained from two different runners ‒ suggesting a deviation between the estimated and actual improvement in the efficiency. Without formal proof, the deviation was attributed to flow changes in the spiral casing. This paper presents a numerical investigation of the effects of a runner change on the WK method. For this purpose, unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (URANS) simulations of a turbine model with two different runners were conducted. The runner’s impact on the average flow conditions upstream and its subsequent effect on the WK coefficients were studied. The study shows the dependence of the WK coefficients to the runner ‒ with a maximum deviation on the coefficient up to 0.7%. The larger deviations were observed in regions prone to strong secondary flow. Following a radial and circumferential sensitivity study, a suitable location to minimize the effects of runner change on the WK method is reported.
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| 26. |
- Baidar, Binaya, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical study of the Winter-Kennedy method : a sensitivity analysis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Fluids Engineering. - : The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). - 0098-2202 .- 1528-901X. ; 140:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Winter-Kennedy (WK) method is commonly used in relative discharge measurement and to quantify efficiency step-up in hydropower refurbishment projects. The method utilizes the differential pressure between two taps located at a radial section of a spiral case, which is related to the discharge with the help of a coefficient and an exponent. Nearly a century old and widely used, the method has shown some discrepancies when the same coefficient is used after a plant upgrade. The reasons are often attributed to local flow changes. To study the change in flow behavior and its impact on the coefficient, a numerical model of a semi-spiral case (SC) has been developed and the numerical results are compared with experimental results. The simulations of the SC have been performed with different inlet boundary conditions. Comparison between an analytical formulation with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results shows that the flow inside an SC is highly three-dimensional (3D). The magnitude of the secondary flow is a function of the inlet boundary conditions. The secondary flow affects the vortex flow distribution and hence the coefficients. For the SC considered in this study, the most stable WK configurations are located toward the bottom from θ =30deg to 45deg after the curve of the SC begins, and on the top between two stay vanes.
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| 27. |
- Baidar, Binaya, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical study of the Winter-Kennedy method for relative transient flow rate measurement
- 2019
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 405:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Winter-Kennedy (WK) method is used to estimate relative flow rate using the differential pressure between two taps located at a radial section of a spiral casing (SC). It is widely used in index testing, for double regulated turbines optimization and sometimes for continuous discharge measurement in low head plants. This paper explores the possibility of using the WK method for relative transient flow rate measurements. A numerical model of a Kaplan model turbine from the penstock to the distributor has been developed. Unsteady RANS simulations with k-ω SST turbulence model are performed. Previously conducted experiments on the model turbine are used to validate the numerical results. In the simulations, the guide vanes (GVs) are closed from 26.5°, the best efficient point (BEP), to about 5° opening angle. Two azimuthal locations of the SC and four different WK configurations at each location are considered. The variation of the WK coefficients with time are investigated and compared to the ones at several stationary GV angles. The results showed a difference between the WK coefficients obtained at transient and stationary operations. However, there may be a possibility of using the WK method during transients by locating the pressure taps in appropriate locations for an acceptable variation of the WK coefficient from its BEP value.The research has been funded by Swedish Hydropower Centre (SVC).
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| 28. |
- Baidar, Binaya, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical Study of the Winter–Kennedy Flow Measurement Method in Transient Flows
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 13:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the possibility of using the Winter–Kennedy (WK) method for transient flow rate measurement in hydraulic turbines. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis of a numerical model of an axial turbine was carried out for accelerating and decelerating flows. Those were obtained by linearly opening and closing of the guide vanes, respectively, while retaining the inlet pressure constant during the simulations. The behavior of several WK configurations on a cross-sectional plane and along the azimuthal direction of the spiral casing was studied during the transients. The study showed that there are certain WK configurations that are more stable than others. The physical mechanism behind the stability (or instability) of the WK method during transients is presented. Using the steady WK coefficient obtained at the best efficiency point (BEP), the WK method could estimate the transient flow rate with a deviation of about 7.5% and 3.5%, for accelerating and decelerating flow, respectively.
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| 29. |
- Baidar, Binaya, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical Study of Wall Shear and Velocities Using a Commercial CFD Code : Some Crucial Aspects to Consider
- 2017
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Ingår i: Hydro Nepal. - : Nepal journals online. - 1998-5452. ; 21, s. 45-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the numerical prediction of wall shear and velocities in steady and superposed pulsatile turbulent flow in a pipe, the phenomena that can be observed in hydropower. The previously conducted experiment is a base for this study and some crucial aspects of CFD while using a commercial code have been emphasized. The widely-accepted grid convergence index approach is adopted to quantify the discretization uncertainty and the results are validated against the experiment. The influence of the wall functions applied in the code is also studied with two turbulence models: standard k-ε and kω based SST model. The time-averaged results of superposed flow with small amplitude unsteadiness are equivalent to results from the steady flow. The results and the method used in this paper may be useful for the CFD simulations in hydropower applications like penstock and bifurcations designs.
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| 30. |
- Baidar, Binaya, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitivity of the Winter-Kennedy method to different guide vane openings on an axial machine
- 2019
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Ingår i: Flow Measurement and Instrumentation. - : Elsevier. - 0955-5986 .- 1873-6998. ; 68
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work studies the effects of guide vane openings (GVOs) on the Winter-Kennedy (WK) flow measurement method using CFD. The dependence of the WK coefficient with GVOs and its physical mechanism are presented. Although the WK method is reported to be sensitive to different factors including GVO, it is still unclear to which extent the GVO can be changed without modifying the WK coefficient significantly and the mechanism leading to such modification, if any. A numerical model of a Kaplan model turbine with a semi-spiral casing is developed and used to such purpose. Previously conducted experiments on the model turbine are used to validate the numerical results. The magnitude and behavior of the secondary flow are investigated together with the WK coefficients. The GVO is found to have an impact on the WK method, and the impact increases with the GVOs as the flow structure change. A suitable location to minimize the impact of the GVO is suggested. Furthermore, the theoretical WK constant with a suitable location and configuration are also presented; this can be useful in the absence of the measured WK coefficient.
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| 31. |
- Baidar, Binaya, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitivity of the Winter-Kennedy method to inlet and runner blade angle change on a Kaplan turbine
- 2019
-
Ingår i: IOP Conference Series. - : Institute of Physics (IOP).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Winter-Kennedy (WK) method is a widely used index testing approach, which provides a relative or index value of the discharge that can allow to determine the on-cam relationship between blade and guide vane angles for Kaplan turbines. However, some discrepancies were noticed in previous studies using the WK approach. In this paper, a numerical model of a Kaplan model turbine is used to study the effects of upstream and downstream flow conditions on the WK coefficients. Experiment on the model turbine is used to validate unsteady CFD calculations. The CFD results show that the inflow condition affects the pressure distribution inside the spiral case and hence the WK results. The WK coefficients fluctuate with high amplitude - suggesting to use a larger sampling time for on-site measurement as well. The study also concludes that to limit the impact of a change in runner blade angle on the coefficients, the more suitable WK locations are at the beginning of the spiral case with the inner pressure tap placed between stay vanes on the top wall.
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| 32. |
- Baidar, Binaya, et al.
(författare)
-
Winter-Kennedy method in hydraulic discharge measurement : Problems and Challenges
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Winter Kennedy (WK) method is a popular way to measure the relative discharge and thus efficiency in Swedish hydropower plants. This is largely motivated by the numerous low head turbines and low cost of the method. WK is an index testing method that provides relative values of hydraulic efficiency by measuring differential pressures in one or two pairs of pressure taps in radial planes of the spiral casing. The method is described in the IEC41 standard. Despite several limitations, it is generally used to verify the increment in efficiency for refurbishment projects and sometimes for the continuous flow rate monitoring. Uncertainties in the results reaching up to 5% have been reported in different researches. Those are often attributed to a change in flow conditions after the refurbishment or in the course of time. However, a proper error analysis has not been performed yet. This paper includes a review of the available literature related to the topic to understand its problems and possible ways to investigate its limitations systematically.
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| 33. |
- Bergan, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Investigation of a High Head Model Francis Turbine During Steady-State Operation at Off-Design Conditions
- 2016
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 49:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Francis-99 is a set of workshops aiming to determine the state of the art of high head Francis turbine simulations (flow and structure) under steady and transient operating conditions as well as promote their development and knowledge dissemination openly. The first workshop (Trondheim, 2014) focused on steady state conditions. Some concerns were raised regarding uncertainty in the measurements, mainly that there was no clear vortex rope at the Part Load (PL) condition, and that the flow exhibited relatively large asymmetry. The present paper addresses these concerns in order to ensure the quality of the data presented in further workshops. To answer some of these questions, a new set of measurements were performed on the Francis 99 model at Waterpower Laboratory at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). In addition to PL, two other operating conditions were considered, for further use in transient measurements, Best Efficiency (BEP) and High Load (HL). The experiments were carried out at a head of 12 m, with a runner rotational speed of 333 revolutions per minute (rpm). The guide vane opening angle were 6.72 degrees, 9.84 degrees and 12.43 degrees for PL, BEP and HL, respectively. The part load condition has been changed from the first workshop, to ensure a fully developed Rotating Vortex Rope (RVR). The velocity and pressure measurements were carried out in the draft tube cone using 2D PIV and six pressure sensors, respectively. The new PL condition shows a fully developed rotating vortex rope (RVR) in both the frequency analysis and in the phase resolved data. In addition, the measurements confirm an asymmetric flow leaving the runner, as was a concern in the first Francis-99 workshop. This asymmetry was detected at both design and off-design conditions, with a stronger effect during off design.
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| 34. |
- Bergan, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Preliminary measurements of the radial velocity in the Francis-99 draft tube cone
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 579:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements in the draft tube cone of the Francis-99 model have been performed to complete the actual experimental data set with radial velocity data. The velocity profiles obtained presented some variation, which reason has not yet been identified. The presented results are therefore presented as preliminary until the reason is assessed. The axial velocity profiles corroborate well with the ones previously measured with laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) for all operating points investigated. The radial velocity measured is small in magnitude for all operating points compared to the axial velocity. A gyroscopic effect induced by the swirl leaving the runner and the draft tube bend seems to induce an asymmetry in the draft tube cone.
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| 35. |
- Bucur, Diana Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Maximum pressure evaluation during expulsion of entrapped air from pressurized pipelines
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics. - : Isfahan University of Technology. - 1735-3572 .- 1735-3645. ; 10:1, s. 11-20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pressurized pipeline systems may have a wide operating regime. This paper presents the experimental analysis of the transient flow in a horizontal pipe containing an air pocket, which allows the ventilation of the air after the pressurization of the hydraulic system, through an orifice placed at the downstream end. The measurements are made on a laboratory set-up, for different supply pressures and various geometries of water column length, air pocket and expulsion orifice diameter. Dimensional analysis is carried out in order to determine a relation between the parameters influencing the maximum pressure value. A two equations model is obtained and a criterion is established for their use. The equations are validated with experimental data from the present laboratory set-up and with other data available in the literature. The results presented as nondimensional quantities variations show a good agreement with the previous experimental and analytical researches.
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| 36. |
- Bucur, Diana, et al.
(författare)
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Simultaneous transient operation of a high head hydro power plant and a storage pumping station in the same hydraulic scheme
- 2014
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Ingår i: 27th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems, IAHR 2014. - : IOP Publishing Ltd.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an on-site experimental analysis of a high head hydro power plant and a storage pumping station, in an interconnected complex hydraulic scheme during simultaneous transient operation. The investigated hydropower site has a unique structure as the pumping station discharges the water into the hydropower plant penstock. The operation regimes were chosen for critical scenarios such as sudden load rejections of the turbines as well as start-ups and stops with different combinations of the hydraulic turbines and pumps operation. Several parameters were simultaneously measured such as the pumped water discharge, the pressure at the inlet pump section, at the outlet of the pumps and at the vane house of the hydraulic power plant surge tank. The results showed the dependence of the turbines and the pumps operation. Simultaneous operation of the turbines and the pumps is possible in safe conditions, without endangering the machines or the structures. Furthermore, simultaneous operation of the pumping station together with the hydropower plant increases the overall hydraulic efficiency of the site since shortening the discharge circuit of the pumps.
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| 37. |
- Cervantes, Michel, et al.
(författare)
-
3D thermodynamic analysis of a turbulent textured slider
- 2010
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sliding contacts under laminar regime have been extensively investigated under the last years. The results indicate the possibility to increase load carrying capacity in a slider bearing with more than 10%. The effect of dimples on a slider bearing under a turbulent regime has not yet been investigated. It is the object of the present study. The numerical analysis of a 3D textured slider bearing with fore-region and extended channels at the outlet and on the sides of a pad is considered with a temperature dependent fluid, 2 different types of dimple shape and different operating conditions. The simulations are carried out for a turbulent flow (Re=4.4•10^3- 15•10^3) using Detached Eddy Simulation. The results indicate no gain on the load carrying capacity with the dimple shapes (rectangular and oblique) investigated. A higher operating temperature is found in the presence of dimples.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Cervantes, Michel, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive draft tube for increased efficiency
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Water Power and Dam Construction. - 0306-400X. ; 58:3, s. 43-45
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Cervantes, Michel, et al.
(författare)
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Eddy viscosity turbulence models and steady draft tube simulations
- 2005
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Ingår i: Turbine-99 III. - Luleå : Luleå tekniska universitet. ; , s. 37-44
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computations of the Turbine-99 benchmark have been performed for two dimensional steady inlet boundary conditions. Three different turbulence models were used: zero equation model, k-ε and shear stress model (SST). The results from the engineering quantities indicate small differences on the mean pressure recovery and the loss factor, while larger differences appear for the wall pressure recovery.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Cervantes, Michel
(författare)
-
Effects of boundary conditions and unsteadiness on draft tube flow
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present research focuses on flow properties of the elbow draft tube. This element has a major function in low head turbines, since up to half of the losses may arise there at part load. The use of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) to redisign a draft tube necessitates detailed knowledged of the boundary conditions. They are generally not available and qualified guesses must be made. This applies in particular to the radial velocity at the inlet. A method to estimate this component in swirling flow from experimental values of the axial and tangential velocities is derived. The method uses a two dimensional non- viscous description of the flow, the Squire-Long formulation. It is tested against swirling flow in a diffuser and applied to the Turbine-99 draft tube flow. As several other boundary conditions are difficult to estimate and many input parameters are available to perform a simulation, the use of factorial design is proposed as an alternative to design simulations in a systematic, objective and quantitative way. The method allows the deternmination of the main and joint effects of input parameters on the numerical simulation. The input parameters may be experimental uncertainty on boundary conditions, unknown boundary conditions, grid and turbulence models. The method is applied to the Turbine-99 test case, where the radial velocity, the surface roughness, the turbulence length scale and the grid were the factors investigated. The inlet radial velocity is found to have a major effect on the pressure recovery. The flow in water turbines is highly unsteady due to the runner blade rotation, guide vanes and stay vanes. Unsteady pressure measurements on a Kaplan prototype point out unsteadiness in the high and low pressure regions of the turbine. Since model and prototype are not running in dynamically similar conditions, the influence of unsteadiness on the losses is of interest. The derivation of the variation of the mechanical energy for the mean, oscillating and turbulent fields point out the contribution of unsteadiness to the losses and the turbulent production. Application to turbulent channel flow reveals that the contribution is a function of the amplitude of the oscillation, the frequency and the friction velocity. Turbulent pulsating flow in a generic model of the rectangular diffuser found at the end of elbow draft tube is studied in detail with laser Doppler anemometry (LDA). Three frequencies, corresponding to the quasi-steady, relaxation and quasi-laminar regimes with an amplitude of about 10% are investigated. The results indicate no alteration of the mean flow by the excitation of a single frequency. Furthermore. the existence of the different regimes, as found in turbulent pulsating turbulent pipe and channel flows, is confirmed.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Cervantes, Michel, et al.
(författare)
-
Factorial design applied to CFD
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Fluids Engineering. - : ASME International. - 0098-2202 .- 1528-901X. ; 126:5, s. 791-798
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Factorial design, a statistical method widely used for experiments, and its application to CFD are discussed. The aim is to propose a systematic, objective, and quantitative method for engineers to design a set of simulations in order to evaluate main and joint effects of input parameters on the numerical solution. The input parameters may be experimental uncertainty on boundary conditions, unknown boundary conditions, grid, differencing schemes, and turbulence models. The complex flow of the Turbine-99 test case, a hydropower draft tube flow, is used to illustrate the method, where four factors are chosen to perform a 24 factorial design. The radial velocity at the inlet (not measured) is shown to have an important influence on the pressure recovery (7%) and the energy loss factor (49%).
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| 47. |
- Cervantes, Michel, et al.
(författare)
-
Flow measurements in low-head hydro power plants
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hydropower stands for a large part of the energy production portfolio in Sweden and provides about 50% of the electricity needs. Most of the turbines were built some decades ago and are in a need of refurbishment. An important refurbishment period started some years ago and will be continuous. Substantial production gains and adaptation to new market demands may be achieved with such refurbishments. Refurbishments are also stimulated by the government through the electricity certificate system. Efficiency step-ups are thus of importance but challenging due to the presence of mainly low head (H<50 m) machines in Sweden. During the last decades, the Winter-Kennedy method has been used to verify improvements of the efficiency by measuring before and after a refurbishment. The results have for a number of cases shown unpredictable results. There is a need of development to measure accurately the efficiency in order to evaluate the outcome of different refurbishment projects. A workgroup within the Swedish Hydropower Centre (Svenskt Vattenkraftcentrum, SVC) has been formed together with representatives from the majority of the hydro turbine industry in Sweden to address the challenge of flow measurements in low head hydraulic turbines. The present report presents the different methods available with their actual development status and potential to meet low head hydraulic machines constraints. The working group suggests several actions for the development of flow measurements in low head machines. They are divided in 2 categories: long term and short term. The long term actions are typical SVC projects for PhD or/and senior researcher while short term actions are projects for consultant or/and senior researcher. The following actions are suggested in a hierarchical order:Long term projects1. Development of the pressure-time method as an absolute and relative method2. Evaluation of scale-up formula and influence of the parameters differing between model and prototype such spiral inlet boundary conditionsShort term projects1. Procedure/road book for implementation, evaluation and reporting of the Winter-Kennedy method. Continue working on the common guideline drafted in SEK-TK4.2. Systematic error analysis of the Winter-Kennedy method3. Testing of the volumetric method on a full-scale unit to investigate capabilities and evaluate necessary development for low head hydro power plants4. Testing of the tracer dilution method on a full-scale unit to investigate capabilities and evaluate necessary development for low head hydro power plants
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Cervantes, Michel, et al.
(författare)
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Francis-99 Workshop 1: steady operation of Francis turbines
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 579
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Francis-99 is a set of upcoming workshops jointly organized by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway and Luleå University of Technology (LTU), Sweden in the same spirit as the previous Turbine-99 workshops. The Francis-99 workshops aim during the coming years to determine the state of the art of high head Francis turbine simulations (flow and structure) under steady and transient operating conditions as well as promote their development and knowledge dissemination openly. Three workshops are initially planned:- Workshop 1: steady operation of Francis turbines (December 2014)- Workshop 2: transient operation of Francis turbines (December 2016)- Workshop 3: FSI of Francis turbines (December 2018)A high head Francis turbine model, named the Tokke model, has been designed and experimentally investigated at the Water Power Laboratory, NTNU. The complete geometry of the model and mesh are now freely available on the site www.francis‑99.org together with a large set of experimental pressure and velocity measurements. The organisers expect this geometry to become with time a reference test case to the hydraulic community for research and development on high head Francis turbines and the workshops a meeting place to discuss developments, potentials, issues... on a common and open test case.The present proceeding contains the papers presented at the first workshop at NTNU the 15th and 16th of December 2014. 50 participants were present at the workshop and a total of 14 papers were presented. A large variety of codes and models were used highlighting different issues in the simulation of high Francis turbines.
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| 50. |
- Cervantes, Michel, et al.
(författare)
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Francis-99 Workshop 2: transient operation of Francis turbines
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 782
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Francis-99 is a set of workshops jointly organized by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway and Luleå University of Technology (LTU), Sweden in the same spirit as the previous Turbine-99 workshops. The Francis-99 workshops aim to determine the state of the art of high head Francis turbine simulations (flow and structure) under steady and transient operating conditions as well as promote their development and knowledge dissemination openly. Three workshops are initially planned:- Workshop 1: steady operation of Francis turbines (performed in December 2014)- Workshop 2: transient operation of Francis turbines (December 2016)- Workshop 3: FSI of Francis turbines (December 2018)A high head Francis turbine model, named the Tokke model, has been designed and experimentally investigated at the Water Power Laboratory, NTNU. The complete geometry of the model and mesh are now freely available on the site http://www.ntnu.edu/nvks/francis-99 together with a large set of experimental pressure and velocity measurements. The organisers expect this geometry to become with time a reference test case to the hydraulic community for research and development on high head Francis turbines and the workshops a meeting place to discuss developments, potentials, issues... on a common and open test case.The present proceeding contains the papers presented at the second workshop at NTNU the 14th and 15th of December 2015. A total of 10 papers were presented. A large variety of codes and models were used highlighting different issues in the simulation of high Francis turbines.
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