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Sökning: WFRF:(Chabok Abbas)

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1.
  • Thomas, HS, et al. (författare)
  • 2019
  • swepub:Mat__t
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2.
  • Afshari, Kevin, et al. (författare)
  • Loop-ileostomy reversal in a 23-h stay setting is safe with high patient satisfaction
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 56:9, s. 1126-1130
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: This study aimed to determine whether day-case closure of loop ileostomy with discharge within 23 h was both feasible and accepted by patients.Materials and methods: We conducted a prospective pilot study where selected rectal cancer patients with diverting loop ileostomy underwent stoma closure in a 23-h stay setting. Patients were followed up on the third, seventh, and 30th postoperative day and phoned daily during the first week. A comparable group of 30 patients who underwent standard in-hospital stoma closure prior to the start of the study were selected retrospectively as historical controls.Results: In total, 30 patients (median age, 67 years; range, 41-79 years) were included. All patients met discharge criteria and were discharged within 23 h of surgery, except one. In total, seven patients (23%) were admitted. Two of these patients underwent laparotomy because of anastomotic leakage and small bowel obstruction, respectively. The mean total length of stay was 1.7 days. Most patients (87%) were satisfied with the treatment without feeling neglected or anxious and preferred the 23-h stay setting. In the control group, the mean length of stay was 5 days. Seven patients (23%) were readmitted. Two of these patients underwent laparotomy because of small bowel obstruction and abscess, respectively.Conclusion: Ileostomy closure in a 23-h stay setting in selected patients with meticulous follow up is feasible and safe with high patient satisfaction.
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3.
  • Afshari, Kevin, et al. (författare)
  • Prognostic factors for survival in stage IV rectal cancer: A Swedish nationwide case–control study
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Surgical Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-7404 .- 1879-3320. ; 29, s. 102-106
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: The aim was to identify patient-, tumor- and treatment-related prognostic factors for five-year survival in rectal cancer patients with synchronous stage IV disease. Material and methods: This nationwide case-control study was based on the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry with supplementary information from medical records and the Swedish Inpatient Registry during the period 2000–2008. All resected rectal cancer patients with synchronous metastases that survived more than five years were included as cases. The control group consisted of corresponding patients who lived less than five years, matched in a 1:2 based on gender, age, resection of the rectal tumor, and the study period. Results: A total of 405 patients were identified; 99 long-term survivors (LTS) and 182 short-term survivors (STS). Patient-related factors of symptoms and comorbidity did not differ between LTS and STS. Among the treatment-related factors, multiple site metastases (p = 0.007), bilobar liver metastasis (p = 0.002), and increasing number of liver metastasis (p < 0.001) were associated with STS. Prognostic treatment-related factors were preoperative radiotherapy (p = 0.001), metastasectomy (p < 0.001), and radical resection of the primary tumor (p = 0.014). In the multivariable analysis, the single most important factor for becoming a LTS was a metastasectomy (hazard ratio: 8.474, 95% confidence interval: 4.098–17.543). Conclusions: The most important prognostic factor for long-term survival in patients with stage IV rectal cancer was metastasectomy, especially liver surgery. With thorough selection of patients for metastasectomy more patients with metastasized rectal cancer may survive beyond five years. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
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4.
  • Afshari, Kevin, et al. (författare)
  • Risk factors for developing Anorectal dysfunction after Anterior Resection
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Colorectal Disease. - : Springer Nature. - 0179-1958 .- 1432-1262. ; 36:12, s. 2697-2705
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Anterior resection (AR) may result in defecatory dysfunction and the cause is multifactorial. The aim was to explore if dysfunction could be related to the part of the colon used for anastomosis (sigmoid or descending) and to identify other possible risk factors for bowel dysfunction after AR.This is a retrospective study based on prospectively registered data from a regional registry at the surgical department in Västmanland 1996–2019. Bowel function was registered at 1 year after AR or after stoma reversal. In total, 470 stage I–III rectal cancer patients had AR whereof 412 were included in this study.Clustering was seen in 57%, incontinence 29%, urgency 22%, and evacuatory dysfunction 16%. The part of the colon used for anastomosis, level of vascular tie, and gender were not significantly associated with defecatory dysfunction. The higher the anastomotic level, the lower the risk of incontinence (OR 0.75; CI 0.63–0.90; p < 0.001) and clustering (OR 0.78; CI 0.67–0.90; p < 0.001). Compared with patients without a loop-ileostomy, an increased risk of clustering (OR 1.89; 1.08–3.31; p = 0.03), incontinence (OR 2.48; 1.29–4.77; p < 0.01), and urgency (OR 4.61; CI 2.02–10.60; p < 0.001) was seen after loop-ileostomy closure. Preoperative radiotherapy had a negative impact on continence and clustering seen mainly in the unadjusted analysis.The part of the colon used for anastomosis was not a significantly associated functional outcome after anterior resection. Low anastomotic level and having had a diverting ileostomy were independent risk factors associated with negative functional outcomes.
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5.
  • Afshari, Kevin, et al. (författare)
  • Risk factors for small bowel obstruction after open rectal cancer resection
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: BMC Surgery. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2482. ; 21:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is observed in around 10% of patients with prior open abdominal surgery. Rectal resection causes the highest readmission rates. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for readmission for SBO and causes for SBO in patients who needed surgery following rectal cancer surgery.Methods: A population-based registry with prospectively gathered data on 752 consecutive patients with rectal cancer who underwent open pelvic surgery between January 1996 and January 2017 was used. Univariable and multivariable regression analysis was performed, and the risk of SBO was assessed.Results: In total, 84 patients (11%) developed SBO after a median follow-up time of 48 months. Of these patients, 57% developed SBO during the 1st year after rectal cancer surgery. Surgery for SBO was performed in 32 patients (4.3%), and the cause of SBO was stoma-related in one-fourth of these patients. In the univariable analysis previous RT and re-laparotomy were found as risk factors for readmission for SBO. Re-laparotomy was an independent risk factor for readmission for SBO (OR 2.824, CI 1.129-7.065, P = 0.026) in the multivariable analysis, but not for surgery for SBO. Rectal resection without anastomoses, splenic flexors mobilization, intraoperative bleeding, operative time were not found as risk factors for SBO.Conclusions: One-tenth of rectal cancer patients who had open surgery developed SBO, most commonly within the 1st postoperative year. The risk of SBO is greatest in patients with complications after rectal cancer resection that result in a re-laparotomy.
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6.
  • Afshari, Kevin (författare)
  • Surgical Aspects and Prognostic Factors in the Management of Rectal Cancer
  • 2021
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Survival among patients with stage IV rectal cancer is poor and surgical treatment for this disease is associated with morbidities such as small bowel obstruction, complications with a diverting loop ileostomy, and functional bowel disturbances. The overall aim of this thesis was to assess risk factors and morbidity after surgery for rectal cancer and to evaluate factors affecting survival in patients with stage IV rectal cancer.Paper I a prospective study on patients with rectal cancer with loop ileostomy who underwent stoma closure in a 23-hour hospital stay setting. Results were compared with a group who underwent standard in-hospital stoma closure prior to the start of the study, selected retrospectively as controls. No differences were found in the number of complications or the frequency of re-hospitalization or re-operation, indicating that ileostomy closure in a 23-hour hospital stay setting in these selected patients was feasible and safe with high patient satisfaction.Paper II a population-based study with data gathered prospectively. In total, 11% of the patients developed small bowel obstruction (SBO), mostly during the first year after rectal cancer surgery. Surgical treatment for SBO was performed in 4.2% of the patients, and the mechanism was stoma-related in one-fourth. Rectal resection without anastomoses, age, morbidity, and previous radiotherapy (RT) was not associated with admission to the hospital or surgery for SBO. Re-laparotomy due to complications after rectal cancer surgery was an independent risk factor for admission for treating SBO.Paper III a population-based study with data gathered prospectively on bowel function at 1 year after anterior resection or stoma reversal. No associations were found between any defecatory dysfunction and the part of the colon used for anastomosis, the level of the vascular tie, or gender. An association was observed between higher anastomotic level and a lower risk of incontinence and clustering. At 1 year after loop ileostomy closure, the risks of incontinence, clustering, and urgency increased by up to fourfold.Paper IV a case-control study aiming to identify patient-, tumor-, and treatment-related prognostic factors for 5-year survival in patients with rectal cancer with synchronous stage IV disease. Patient-related factors did not differ between groups. Among the tumor-related factors, multiple site metastases, bilobar liver metastases, and increasing numbers of liver metastases were associated with poor survival. Prognostic treatment-related factors were preoperative RT, metastasectomy, and radical resection of the primary tumor. The most important prognostic factor for long-term survival was metastasectomy.
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8.
  • Chabok, Abbas, 1964-, et al. (författare)
  • Changing Paradigms in the Management of Acute Uncomplicated Diverticulitis
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Surgery. - : Sage Publications. - 1457-4969 .- 1799-7267. ; 110:2, s. 180-186
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Left-sided colonic diverticulitis is a common condition with significant morbidity and health care costs in Western countries. Acute uncomplicated diverticulitis which is characterized by the absence of organ dysfunction, abscesses, fistula, or perforations accounts for around 80% of the cases. In the last decades, several traditional paradigms in the management of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis have been replaced by evidence-based routines. This review provides a comprehensive evidence-based and clinical-oriented overview of up-to-date diagnostics with computer tomography, non-antibiotic treatment, outpatient treatment, and surgical strategies as well as follow-up of patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis.
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9.
  • Chabok, Abbas, 1964- (författare)
  • Colonic Diverticulitis : Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects
  • 2012
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The overall aims of this thesis were to evaluate diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of colonic diverticulitis. In the first study, a systematic review of the literature was performed to evaluate radiological diagnostics for patients with acute left-sided diverticulitis. Forty-nine relevant articles were found and read in full and data were extracted or calculated. Twenty-nine of these were excluded. The best evidence for the diagnosis of diverticulitis in the literature was to be found with US. Only one small study of good quality was found for both CT and MRI. In the second paper, a prospective multicentre study was performed to determine the faecal carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic treatment in 208 surgical patients with acute intra-abdominal infections. The highest rates of resistance among Enterobacteriaceae were detected for ampicillin (54%), tetracycline (26%), cefuroxime (26%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (20%). The prevalence of decreased susceptibility (I + R) for the other antibiotics tested was for ciprofloxacin 20%, piperacillin-tazobactam 17%, cefotaxime 14%, ertapenem 12%, gentamicin 3% and imipenem 0%. ESBL- and AmpC producing Enterobacteriaceae were found in samples from 13 patients (6.3%).  We found high rates of resistance among Enterobacteriaceae against antibiotics which were commonly used in Sweden. In the third paper, a multicentre randomized study was performed to investigate the need of antibiotic treatment in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. Six hundred and twenty-three patients were randomized to treatment with (314 patients) or without (309 patients) antibiotics. Complications were found in six patients (1.9%) in the no antibiotic and three (1.0%) in the antibiotic group (p=0.302). The median hospital stay was three days in both groups. Recurrent diverticulitis follow-up was similar in both groups (16%, p=0.895). We conclude that antibiotic treatment for acute uncomplicated diverticulitis neither accelerated recovery nor prevented complications or recurrence. Based on the results, antibiotics should therefore be reserved mainly for the treatment of complicated diverticulitis. The fourth paper presents a prospective observational study performed in two centres to evaluate CT colonography in the follow-up of acute diverticulitis as regards patient acceptance and diagnostic accuracy in 108 patients. Patients experienced colonoscopy as more painful (p<0.001) and uncomfortable (p<0.001). Diverticulosis and polyps were detected in 94% and 20% with colonoscopy and in 94% and 29% with CTC, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for CTC in the detection of diverticulosis was 99% and 67%, with a level of relatively good agreement (К= 0.71). Regarding detection of polyps, the sensitivity and specificity were 47% and 75%, with a poor agreement (К= 0.17). We concluded that CTC was less painful and unpleasant. CTC detected diverticulosis with good accuracy while the accuracy of detection of small polyps was poor. CTC could be an alternative, especially in cases of incomplete colonoscopy or in a situation with limited colonoscopy resources.
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10.
  • Chabok, Abbas, 1964-, et al. (författare)
  • CT-colonography in the follow-up of acute diverticulitis : patient acceptance and diagnostic accuracy
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 48:8, s. 979-986
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective. The aim of this study was to assess CT-colonography (CTC) in the follow-up of diverticulitis regarding patient acceptance and diagnostic accuracy for diverticular disease, adenomas and cancer, with colonoscopy as a reference standard. Methods. A prospective comparative study where half of the patients underwent colonoscopy first, followed immediately by CTC. The other half had the examinations in the reverse order. Patient experiences and findings were registered after every examination, blinded to the examiner. Results. Of a total of 110 consecutive patients, 108 were included in the study, with a median age of 56 years (range 27-84). The success rate was 91% for colonoscopy and 86% for CTC. Examination time was 25 mm for both methods. The mean time for CTC evaluation was 20 mm. Eighty-three per cent of the patients received sedation during colonoscopy. Despite this, patients experienced colonoscopy as more painful (p < 0.001) and uncomfortable (p < 0.001). Diverticulosis and polyps were detected in 94% and 20% with colonoscopy and in 94% and 29% with CTC, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for CTC in the detection of diverticulosis was 99% and 67%, with a good agreement (kappa = 0.71). Regarding detection of polyps, the sensitivity and specificity were 47% and 75%, with a poor agreement (kappa = 0.17). No cancer was found. Conclusion. CTC was less painful and unpleasant and can be used for colonic investigation in the follow-up of diverticulitis. CTC detected diverticulosis with good accuracy while the detection accuracy of small polyps was poor. CTC is a viable alternative, especially in case of incomplete colonoscopy or in a situation with limited colonoscopy resources.
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11.
  • Chabok, Abbas, 1964-, et al. (författare)
  • Low risk of complications in patients with first-time acute uncomplicated diverticulitis
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Colorectal Disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0179-1958 .- 1432-1262. ; 32:12, s. 1699-1702
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • First-time acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (AUD) has been considered to have an increased risk of complication, but the level of evidence is low. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the risk of complications in patients with first-time AUD and in patients with a history of diverticulitis. This paper is a population-based retrospective study at Vastmanland's Hospital, VasterAs, Sweden, where all patients were identified with a diagnosis of colonic diverticular disease ICD-10 K57.0-9 from January 2010 to December 2014. The records of all patients were surveyed and patients with a computed tomography (CT)-verified AUD were included. Complications defined as CT-verified abscess, perforation, colonic obstruction, fistula, or sepsis within 1 month from the diagnosis of AUD were registered. Of 809 patients with AUD, 642 (79%) had first-time AUD and 167 (21%) had a previous history of AUD with no differences in demographic or clinical characteristics. In total, 16 (2%) patients developed a complication within 1 month irrespective of whether they had a previous history of diverticulitis (P = 0.345). In the binary logistic regression analysis, first-time diverticulitis was not associated with increased risk of complications (OR 1.58; CI 0.52-4.81). The rate of antibiotic therapy was about 7-10% during the time period and outpatient management increased from 7% in 2010 to 61% in 2014. The risk for development of complications is low in AUD with no difference between patients with first-time or recurrent diverticulitis. This result strengthens existing evidence on the benign disease course of AUD.
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12.
  • Chabok, Abbas, et al. (författare)
  • Prevalence of fecal carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in patients with acute surgical abdominal infections
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 45:10, s. 1203-1210
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective. Antibiotic resistance is increasing worldwide. The aims of the current study were to determine the fecal carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic treatment in surgical patients admitted to hospital due to acute intra-abdominal infections. Materials and methods. Eight Swedish surgical units participated in this prospective multicenter investigation. Rectal swabs were obtained on admission to hospital. Cultures were performed on chromogenic agar and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)phenotype was confirmed by Etest. Results. Rectal samples were obtained and analyzed from 208 patients with intra-abdominal surgical infections. Surgery was performed in 134 patients (65%). Cephalosporins were the most frequently used empirical antibiotic therapy. The highest rates of resistance among Enterobacteriaceae were detected for ampicillin (54%), tetracycline (26%), cefuroxime (26%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (20%). The prevalence of decreased susceptibility (I + R) for the other antibiotics tested was for ciprofloxacin 20%, piperacillin-tazobactam 17%, cefotaxime 14%, ertapenem 12%, gentamicin 3% and imipenem 0%. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae were found in samples from 10 patients (5%). Three patients had five E. coli isolates producing AmpC enzymes. Conclusions. This study shows a high rate of resistance among Enterobacteriaceae against antibiotics which are commonly used in Sweden and should have implications for the future choice of antibiotics for surgical patients.
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13.
  • Chabok, Abbas, et al. (författare)
  • Randomized clinical trial of antibiotics in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 99:4, s. 532-539
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The standard of care for acute uncomplicated diverticulitis today is antibiotic treatment, although there are no controlled studies supporting this management. The aim was to investigate the need for antibiotic treatment in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis, with the endpoint of recovery without complications after 12 months of follow-up. Methods: This multicentre randomized trial involving ten surgical departments in Sweden and one in Iceland recruited 623 patients with computed tomography-verified acute uncomplicated left-sided diverticulitis. Patients were randomized to treatment with (314 patients) or without (309 patients) antibiotics. Results: Age, sex, body mass index, co-morbidities, body temperature, white blood cell count and C-reactive protein level on admission were similar in the two groups. Complications such as perforation or abscess formation were found in six patients (1.9 per cent) who received no antibiotics and in three (1.0 per cent) who were treated with antibiotics (P = 0.302). The median hospital stay was 3 days in both groups. Recurrent diverticulitis necessitating readmission to hospital at the 1-year follow-up was similar in the two groups (16 per cent, P = 0.881). Conclusion: Antibiotic treatment for acute uncomplicated diverticulitis neither accelerates recovery nor prevents complications or recurrence. It should be reserved for the treatment of complicated diverticulitis.
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14.
  • Hosseinali Khani, Maziar, 1975-, et al. (författare)
  • Socioeconomic characteristics and comorbidities of diverticular disease in Sweden 1997-2012
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Colorectal Disease. - : SPRINGER. - 0179-1958 .- 1432-1262. ; 32:11, s. 1591-1596
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the association of socioeconomic status and comorbidities with uncomplicated and complicated diverticular disease (DD) in Sweden.Methods: We identified all individuals aged >= 30 years in Sweden diagnosed with DD between 1997 and 2012 using the Swedish National Population and Housing Census and the Hospital Discharge Register. Data were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression, with individual-level characteristics as covariates.Results: A total of 79,481 patients (median age 66 [range 3086] years) were hospitalized for DD, 15,878 (20%) of whom for complicated DD. Admissions for both uncomplicated and complicated DD were more common in women (p < 0.001). A low education level was identified as a risk factor for uncomplicated (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.75-1.82; adjusted HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.19-1.24) and complicated DD(unadjusted HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.77-1.92; adjusted HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.21-1.32). Patients with the lowest income had a lower risk of hospitalization for uncomplicated (adjusted HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.91-0.96) and complicated DD (adjusted HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.83-0.92) than those with the highest income. The correlation coefficient between income and education was 0.25. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease were identified as protective factors against uncomplicated DD (adjusted HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.66-0.69 and HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.74-0.84, respectively).Conclusions: Patients with the lowest education level had an increased risk of hospitalization for DD. Further studies are needed to explore the association of diabetes and cardiovascular disease with uncomplicated DD.
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16.
  • Isacson, Daniel, et al. (författare)
  • Long-term follow-up of the AVOD randomized trial of antibiotic avoidance in uncomplicated diverticulitis
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : WILEY. - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 106:11, s. 1542-1548
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The aim of this study was to assess the long-term results in patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis who had participated in the Antibiotics in Acute Uncomplicated Diverticulitis (AVOD) RCT, which randomized patients with CT-verified left-sided acute uncomplicated diverticulitis to management without or with antibiotics.Methods: The medical records of patients who had participated in the AVOD trial were reviewed for long-term results such as recurrences, complications and surgery. Quality-of-life questionnaires (EQ-5D (TM)) were sent to patients, who were also contacted by telephone. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis of clinical outcomes.Results: A total of 556 of the 623 patients (89 center dot 2 per cent) were followed up for a median of 11 years. There were no differences between the no-antibiotic and antibiotic group in recurrences (both 31 center dot 3 per cent; P = 0 center dot 986), complications (4 center dot 4 versus 5 center dot 0 per cent; P = 0 center dot 737), surgery for diverticulitis (6 center dot 2 versus 7 center dot 1 per cent; P = 0 center dot 719) or colorectal cancer (0 center dot 4 versus 2 center dot 1 per cent; P = 0 center dot 061). The response rate for the EQ-5D (TM) was 52 center dot 8 versus 45 center dot 2 per cent respectively (P = 0 center dot 030), and no differences were found between the two groups in any of the measured dimensions.Conclusion: Antibiotic avoidance for uncomplicated diverticulitis is safe in the long term.
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17.
  • Isacson, Daniel, et al. (författare)
  • No antibiotics in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis : does it work?
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 49:12, s. 1441-1446
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background. The first randomized multicenter study evaluating the need for antibiotic treatment in patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (AUD) could not demonstrate any benefit gained from antibiotic use. The aim of this study was to review the application of the no antibiotic policy and its consequences in regard to complications and recurrence. Methods. This retrospective population-based cohort study included all patients diagnosed with all types of colonic diverticulitis during the year 2011 at Vastmanland Hospital Vasteras, Sweden. All medical records were carefully reviewed. Primary outcomes were the types of treatment adopted for diverticulitis, complications and recurrence. Results. In total, 246 patients with computer tomography-verified diverticulitis were identified, 195 with primary AUD and 51 with acute complicated diverticulitis. Age, sex, and temperature at admission were similar between the groups but there was a significant difference in white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, and length of hospital stay. In the AUD group, 178 (91.3%) patients were not treated with antibiotics. In this group, there were six (3.4%) readmissions but only two developed an abscess. Of the remaining 17 patients (8.7%) who were treated with antibiotics in the AUD group, one developed an abscess. Twenty-five (12.8%) patients in the AUD group presented with a recurrence within 1 year. Conclusion. The no-antibiotic policy for AUD is safe and applicable in clinical practice. The previous results of a low complication and recurrence rate in AUD are confirmed. There is no need for antibiotic treatment for AUD. What does this paper add to the literature? Despite published papers with excellent results, there are still doubts about patient safety against the policy to not use antibiotics in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. This is the first paper, in actual clinical practice, to confirm that the no antibiotic policy for acute uncomplicated diverticulitis is applicable and safe.
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18.
  • Isacson, Daniel, et al. (författare)
  • Outpatient management of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis results in health-care cost savings
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 53:4, s. 449-452
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose:Outpatient management without antibiotics has been shown to be safe for selected patients diagnosed with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (AUD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on admissions, complication rates and health-care costs of the policy of outpatient treatment without using antibiotics.Methods:The medical records of all patients diagnosed with AUD in the year before (2011) and after (2014) the implementation of outpatient management without antibiotics in Vastmanland County were reviewed. Health-care cost analysis was performed using the Swedish cost-per-patient model.Results:In total, 494 episodes of AUD were identified, 254 in 2011 and 240 in 2014. The proportion of patients managed as outpatients was 20% in 2011 compared with 60% in 2014 (p<.001). There were 203 hospital admissions and a total length of stay of 677 days in 2011 compared with 95 admissions and 344 days in 2014 (both p<.001). The total health-care cost was Euro558,679 in 2011 compared with Euro370,370 in 2014 (p<.001). Three patients developed complications in 2011 and four in 2014 (p=.469).Conclusions:The new policy of outpatient management without antibiotics in routine health care almost halved the total health-care cost without an increase in the complication rate.
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19.
  • Isacson, Daniel, et al. (författare)
  • Outpatient, non-antibiotic management in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis : a prospective study
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Colorectal Disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0179-1958 .- 1432-1262. ; 30:9, s. 1229-1234
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to evaluate outpatient, non-antibiotic management in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis with regard to admissions, complications, and recurrences, within a 3-month follow-up period. A prospective, observational study in which patients with computer tomography-verified acute uncomplicated diverticulitis were managed as outpatients without antibiotics. The patients kept a personal journal, were contacted daily by a nurse, and then followed up by a surgeon at 1 week and 3 months. In total, 155 patients were included, of which 54 were men; the mean age of the patients was 57.4 years. At the time of diagnosis, the mean C-reactive protein and white blood cell count were 73 mg/l and 10.5 x 10(9), respectively, and normalized in the vast majority of patients within the first week. The majority of the patients (97.4 %) were managed successfully as outpatients without antibiotics, admissions, or complications. In only four (2.6 %) patients, the management failed because of complications in three and deterioration in one. These patients were all treated successfully as inpatients without surgery. Five patients had recurrences and were treated as outpatients without antibiotics. Follow-up colonic investigations revealed cancer in two patients and polyps in 13 patients. Previous results of low complication rates with the non-antibiotic policy were confirmed. The new policy of outpatient management without antibiotics in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis is now shown to be feasible, well functioning, and safe.
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20.
  • Isacson, Daniel (författare)
  • Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Colonic Diverticulitis
  • 2018
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate the clinical management of AUD with regard to the no-antibiotic policy and its long-term effect, treatment on an outpatient basis and the potential health-care cost savingsStudy I:  a retrospective study at Västmanlands Hospital that evaluated and confirmed the adherence to the no-antibiotic policy in patients with AUD and its safety regarding complications and recurrences. A total of 246 patients with acute diverticulitis were identified, of which 195 had computed tomography (CT) confirmed AUD. In total, 91.3% of these patients did not receive any antibiotics and only two developed complications.Study II: a retrospective study with the aim to conduct a long-term follow-up of all Swedish patients who participated in the AVOD trial in terms of recurrences, complications, surgery and quality of life. The medical records of 96% of the patients were reviewed with a mean follow up of 11 years. Quality of life questionnaires were sent out to all patients. There were no differences regarding the rates of recurrence, complications or surgery for diverticulitis. There were no differences in the quality of life between groups according to the EQ-5D questionnaire.Study III: a prospective study where 155 patients with CT-verified AUD as were treated as outpatients without antibiotics. On day 3, patients reported an average pain score of 1.8 of 10 on the VAS scale and only 30% of patients were using analgesia. Four patients returned to hospital because of treatment failure.Study IV: a retrospective cohort study at Västmanland’s Hospital evaluated the impact on admissions, complication rates and health-care costs of the policy of outpatient treatment without using antibiotics. Medical records of all patients diagnosed with AUD in the year before (2011) and after (2014) the implementation of outpatient management without antibiotics were reviewed. Overall 494 episodes of AUD were identified: 254 in 2011 and 240 in 2014. Three patients developed complications in 2011 and four in 2014. The proportion of patients managed as outpatients was 20% in 2011 compared with 61% in 2014. The hospital admissions, total length of stay of and total health-care costs were almost halved.In conclusion, these studies confirm the low complication and recurrence rates of AUD and strengthens findings that antibiotics have no benefit in the treatment of this disease. The no-antibiotic policy had no impact on short- or long-term outcomes regarding the rates of recurrence, complications, surgery or quality of life. Outpatient management was found to be feasible and safe, and significantly reduced admissions, which led to large health-care cost savings.
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21.
  • Kindler, Csaba, et al. (författare)
  • Detection of Free Cancer Cells in Pelvic Lavage with Double Immunocytochemistry at Rectal Cancer Surgery
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - : International Institute of Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 37:4, s. 1563-1568
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background/Aim: The aim of the present study was to describe a double immunocytochemical staining method for detecting free cancer cells after rectal cancer surgery and to evaluate their extent and prognostic role. Materials and Methods: Immunocytochemistry was performed using antibodies against cytokeratin 20/caudal-typehomeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) and mucin glycoprotein-2 (MUC2)/p53 protein. The study included 29 patients with infraperitoneal rectal cancer who underwent bowel resection and four controls. The pelvic lavage was retrieved at the start of laparotomy, after total mesorectal excision and after abdominal lavage with sterile water. Results: Free cancer cells were detected with the double immunocytochemical method in the two controls with carcinomatosis and one control with sigmoidal cancer. None of the patients with rectal tumours had presence of free cancer cells. Conclusion: Immunocytochemical analysis of peritoneal lavage was feasible and negative in patients with infraperitoneal rectal cancer. Further studies are encouraged to investigate the clinical relevance in cases with free cancer cells after incomplete total mesorectal excision.
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22.
  • Liljegren, G, et al. (författare)
  • Acute colonic diverticulitis : a systematic review of diagnostic accuracy
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Colorectal Disease. - Oxford : Wiley. - 1462-8910 .- 1463-1318. ; 9:6, s. 480-488
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective To appraise the literature on the diagnosis of acute colonic diverticulitis by ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), barium enema (BE) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Method The databases of Pub Med, the Cochrane Library and EMBASE were searched for articles on the diagnosis of diverticulitis published up to November 2005. Studies where US, CT, BE, or MRI were compared with a reference standard on consecutive or randomly selected patients were included. Three examiners independently read the articles according to a prespecified protocol. In case of disagreement consensus was sought. The level of evidence of each article was classified according to the criteria of the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM), Oxford, UK.Results Forty-nine articles relevant to the subject were found and read in full. Twenty-nine of these were excluded. Among the remaining 20 articles, only one study, evaluating both US and CT reached level of evidence 1b according to the CEBM criteria. Two US studies and one MRI study reached level 2b. The remaining studies were level 4.Conclusion The best evidence for diagnosis of diverticulitis in the literature is on US. Only one small study of good quality was found for CT and for MRI-colonoscopy.
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23.
  • Lönnberg, Lena, et al. (författare)
  • Early screening for metabolic syndrome opens a window of opportunity : learnings from a long-term, population-based study
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 44:Supplement_2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Introduction: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of risk factors that predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. Early detection of MetS opens up for a successful treatment of the cardiovascular (CV) risk factors involved, hopefully leading to later advent of CVD in the general population.Purpose: In this long-term, population-based study we aimed to investigate how presence of MetS, in middle-aged men and women, was associated with all-cause mortality and non-fatal CVD later in life.Methods: Between 1990 -1999 a screening program was conducted among 40- and 50-year-old inhabitants in the County of Västmanland, Sweden. Data on lifestyle habits and socio-economic status were collected. Total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, weight, height, waist and hip circumference were measured. Individuals that met three or more of the following risk factors were classified with MetS: waist circumference: ≥102 cm (men) and ≥88 cm (women), total cholesterol: ≥6.1 mmol/ l, blood pressure: ≥130 and/ or ≥85 mm Hg (or previous diagnosis of hypertension) or fasting plasma glucose: ≥5.6 mmol/ l (or previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes). A control group was identified with individuals from the same population, without MetS diagnosis. Each participant with MetS was matched to two controls regarding sex, age and date for the health examination. The association between midlife MetS and all-cause mortality and non-fatal CV events (stroke and myocardial infarction) was adjusted for age, sex, smoking, physical inactivity, educational level, BMI, hip circumference and living alone or with family members. Multivariable cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used.Results: A total number of 5084 individuals met the criteria for MetS and a control group of 10 168 individuals was identified. The median (Q1, Q3) follow-up time was 27 years (24.6, 30.1), corresponding to 130 820 and 269 696 person-years at risk in the MetS and the control group respectively. During follow up, 1317 MetS and 1904 control subjects died, implying 10 deaths in the MetS group and 7 deaths in the controls per 1000 person-years at risk (fig. 1). Cox analysis showed increased mortality in the MetS group compared to the controls, hazard ratio (HR) 1.30 (95% CI: 1.20-1.40); p<0.001. Non-fatal CV events in the MetS group and in the controls were 32.4% vs 22.8%, respectively (p<0.001); HR 1.35 (CI;1.25–1.46) (fig 2). Median time (Q1, Q3) for first non-fatal CV event was 16.8 years (9.9,22.3) in the MetS group and 19.1 (12.2, 23.6) for the controls.Conclusions: Results from this long-term, population-based study underline that the risk of non-fatal CVD and all-cause mortality was significantly higher in individuals with asymptomatic MetS. Present results support previous studies that early identification of MetS with screening programs might open a window of opportunity for prevention of CVD and premature death in the general population.
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24.
  • Moberg, Lena, et al. (författare)
  • Blood pressure screening in midlife aids in prediction of dementia later in life
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : UPSALA MED SOC. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 127:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: There is substantial evidence that midlife hypertension is a risk factor for late life dementia. Our aim was to investigate if even high blood pressure at a single timepoint in midlife can predict an increased risk for all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), or vascular dementia (VaD) later in life. Methods: The community-based study population comprised 30,102 dementia-free individuals from the Westmannia Cardiovascular Risk Factors Study. The participants were aged 40 or 50 years when the health examination took place in 1990-2000. Diagnose registers from both hospitals and primary healthcare centers were used to identify individuals who after inclusion to the study developed dementia.The association between midlife high blood pressure (defined as systolic blood pressure >140 and/or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg) at a single timepoint and dementia was adjusted for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose, education, smoking, and physical activity level. Multivariate binary cox regression analyses were used. Results: After a mean follow-up time of 24 years resulting in 662,244 person/years, 761 (2.5%) individuals had been diagnosed with dementia. Midlife high blood pressure at a single timepoint predicted allcause dementia (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.45) and VaD (HR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.47-3.00) but not AD (HR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.81-1.38). Conclusion: This study suggests that even midlife high blood pressure at a single timepoint predicts allcause dementia and more than doubles the risk for VaD later in life independently of established confounders. Even though there was no such association with AD, this strengthens the importance of midlife health examinations in order to identify individuals with hypertension and initiate treatment.
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25.
  • Nikberg, Maziar, et al. (författare)
  • Circumferential Resection Margin as a Prognostic Marker in the Modern Multidisciplinary Management of Rectal Cancer
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Diseases of the Colon & Rectum. - 0012-3706 .- 1530-0358. ; 58:3, s. 275-282
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: A positive circumferential resection margin has been associated with a high risk of local recurrence and a decrease in survival in patients who have rectal cancer.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the involvement of circumferential resection margin in local recurrence and survival in a multidisciplinary population-based setting by using tailored oncological therapy and surgery with total mesorectal excision.DESIGN: Data were collected in a prospective database and retrospectively analyzed. Between 1996 and 2009, 448 patients with rectal cancer underwent a curative bowel resection.SETTINGS: Population-based data were collected at a single institution in the county of Vastmanland, Sweden.RESULTS: Preoperative radiotherapy was delivered to 334 patients (74%); it was delivered to 35 patients (8%) concomitantly with preoperative chemotherapy. In 70 patients (16%), en bloc resections of the prostate and vagina were performed. Intraoperative perforations were seen in 7 patients (1.6%). The mesorectal fascia was assessed as complete in 117/118 cases. In 32 cases (7%), the circumferential resection margin was 1 mm or less. After a median follow-up of 68 months, 5 (1.1%) patients developed a local recurrence; one of them had circumferential resection margin involvement. The 5-year overall survival was 77%. In the multivariate analysis, the circumferential resection margin was not an independent factor for disease-free survival.LIMITATIONS: Mesorectal fascia was not assessed before 2007. The findings might be explained by a type II error but, from a clinical perspective, enough patients were included to motivate the conclusion of the study.CONCLUSIONS: Circumferential resection margin is an important measurement in rectal cancer pathology, but the correlation to local recurrence is much less than previously stated, probably because of oncological treatment and surgery that respects the mesorectal fascia and, when required, en bloc resections. Circumferential resection margin should not be used as a prognostic marker in the modern multidisciplinary management of rectal cancer.
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26.
  • Nikberg, Maziar, et al. (författare)
  • Lymphovascular and perineural invasion in stage II rectal cancer : a report from the Swedish colorectal cancer registry
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 55:12, s. 1418-1424
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II and III rectal cancer patients is a matter of discussion. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of lymphovascular (LVI) and perineural (PNI) invasion in stage II rectal cancer on a national level. Materials and methods: Clinico-pathological factors associated with disease-free survival (DFS) and time to recurrence in stage II rectal cancer patients were analyzed from patient data registered in the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry between 2006 and 2012. Results: Of 2649 patients with TNM stage II disease, 1395 (53%) received preoperative radiotherapy and 456 (17%) preoperative chemoradiotherapy. LVI and PNI were detected in 387 (15%) and 269 (10%) patients, respectively. Adjuvant chemotherapy was planned in 14%, but more often if LVI or PNI was detected (25% and 31%, respectively, p < .001 for both). The three-year DFS and time to recurrence were 78% and 17%, respectively. Both LVI and PNI indicated worse outcome. In patients not receiving postoperative chemotherapy, the risks of recurrence after three years were 20% if LVI was seen and 22% if PNI was detected (p < .001 for both). In the absence of LVI and PNI, it was 13% and 12%, respectively. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, patients with LVI (hazard ratio 1.44, 95% CI 1.09-1.90; p = .011) and PNI (hazard ratio 1.80, 95% CI 1.34-2.43, p < .001) had significantly increased risks of recurrence. Conclusions: Stage II rectal cancer patients with LVI and PNI have an increased risk of recurrence which emphasizes the need to properly evaluate the role of adjuvant chemotherapy particularly in these subgroups.
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27.
  • Nikberg, Maziar, et al. (författare)
  • Prophylactic stoma mesh did not prevent parastomal hernias
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Colorectal Disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0179-1958 .- 1432-1262. ; 30:9, s. 1217-1222
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Parastomal herniation is reported in up to 50 % of patients with a colostomy. A prophylactic stoma mesh has been reported to reduce parastomal hernia rates. The aim of the study was to evaluate the rate of parastomal hernias in a population-based cohort of patients, operated with and without a prophylactic mesh at two different time periods. All rectal cancer patients operated with an abdominoperineal excision or Hartmann's procedure between 1996 and 2012 were included. From 2007, a prophylactic stoma mesh was placed in the retro-muscular plane. Patients were followed prospectively with clinical and computed tomography examinations. There were no differences with regard to age, gender, pre-operative albumin levels, ASA score, body mass index (BMI), smoking or type of surgical resection between patients with (n = 71) and without a stoma mesh (n = 135). After a minimum follow-up of 1 year, 187 (91 %) of the patients were alive and available for analysis. At clinical and computed tomography examinations, exactly the same parastomal hernia rates were found in the two groups, viz, 25 and 53 %, respectively (p = 0.95 and p = 0.18). The hernia sac contained omentum or intestinal loops in 26 (81 %) versus 26 (60 %) patients with and without a mesh, respectively (p = 0.155). In the multivariate analyses, high BMI was associated with parastomal hernia formation. A prophylactic stoma mesh did not reduce the rate of clinically or computed tomography-verified parastomal hernias. High BMI was associated with an increased risk of parastomal hernia formation regardless of prophylactic stoma mesh.
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28.
  • Samuelsson, Annika, 1964-, et al. (författare)
  • Changes in the aerobic faecal flora of patients treated with antibiotics for acute intra-abdominal infection
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 44:11, s. 820-827
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: An open observational study was performed to investigate changes in the rectal flora and antibiotic susceptibility among faecal bacteria in patients treated with antibiotics for acute intra-abdominal infection. Methods: One hundred and forty patients with acute intra-abdominal infection requiring antibiotic treatment and hospitalization were included. Eight surgical units from the southern part of Sweden participated, between January 2006 and November 2007. Antibiotic treatments were according to local guidelines. Rectal swabs were obtained on admission (sample 1) and 214 days after the end of antibiotic treatment (sample 2). Aerobic bacteria and yeasts were analysed. The material was divided into 2 groups: 1 group with Enterobacteriaceae and 1 group with non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria. The susceptibility to antibiotics in each group was compared between samples 1 and 2. Results: The main finding of this study on patients with severe intra-abdominal infections was a shift in the aerobic faecal flora following antibiotic treatment, from Escherichia coli to other more resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus faecium, and yeasts. The susceptibility to cephalosporins and piperacillintazobactam decreased in Enterobacteriaceae. Conclusions: Following antibiotic treatment, a shift in the aerobic rectal flora to species with intrinsic antibiotic resistance was observed. This indicates that the emergence of resistance is not due to new mutations, but rather to selection of more resistant species. This should be taken into account when designing treatments for secondary intra-abdominal infections.
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29.
  • Samuelsson, Annika, 1964-, et al. (författare)
  • Disturbed intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis) and micro dynamics in patients treated for appendicitis and diverticulitis
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Introduction: The human gut microbiota is a large dynamic bacterial community, which is influenced by for instance antibiotic treatment and hospitalization. In patients with inflammatory bowel disease the diversity of gut microbiota is thought to be less diverse. The role of the gut microbiota in acute appendicitis and diverticulitis is still unclear. To investigate the microbial diversity in patients suffering from appendicitis or diverticulitis, and the microbiota dynamics after antibiotic therapy and hospitalization we performed an open observation study.Methods and population: We have performed 16S rRNA sequence analysis on 42 individuals diagnosed with appendicitis and 18 individuals with diverticulitis as well as 33 healthy controls. Cultivation of the aerobic bacterial flora was performed as a complement to sequence analysis.Results: In sequencing data at genus level, there are distinctive differences when comparing healthy controls to patients diagnosed with appendicitis. Healthy controls have a flora dominated by Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus and Prevotella while appendicitis patients show an intestinal flora with a higher abundance of Escherichia/Shigella and unclassified Enterobacteriaceae. The same pattern, however not quite as distinct could be seen for the diverticulitis patients. The microbial diversity increases after treatment with antibiotics and hospitalization.In the cultivated aerobic flora there was a significant loss of Escherichia coli and a significant gain of Citrobacter species, in the appendicitis group. In the appendicitis group as well as in the diverticulitis group there was a significant gain of Enterococcus faecium and Yeasts.Conclusion: The main findings of this study are that patients arriving at the emergency department with acute appendicitis or diverticulitis have an already significant disturbed fecal microbiota previous to antibiotic treatment and hospitalization.
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30.
  • Schultz, J. K., et al. (författare)
  • European Society of Coloproctology: guidelines for the management of diverticular disease of the colon
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Colorectal Disease. - : Wiley. - 1462-8910 .- 1463-1318. ; 22:52, s. 5-28
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim The goal of this European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) guideline project is to give an overview of the existing evidence on the management of diverticular disease, primarily as a guidance to surgeons. Methods The guideline was developed during several working phases including three voting rounds and one consensus meeting. The two project leads (JKS and EA) appointed by the ESCP guideline committee together with one member of the guideline committee (WB) agreed on the methodology, decided on six themes for working groups (WGs) and drafted a list of research questions. Senior WG members, mostly colorectal surgeons within the ESCP, were invited based on publication records and geographical aspects. Other specialties were included in the WGs where relevant. In addition, one trainee or PhD fellow was invited in each WG. All six WGs revised the research questions if necessary, did a literature search, created evidence tables where feasible, and drafted supporting text to each research question and statement. The text and statement proposals from each WG were arranged as one document by the first and last authors before online voting by all authors in two rounds. For the second voting ESCP national representatives were also invited. More than 90% agreement was considered a consensus. The final phrasing of the statements with < 90% agreement was discussed in a consensus meeting at the ESCP annual meeting in Vienna in September 2019. Thereafter, the first and the last author drafted the final text of the guideline and circulated it for final approval and for a third and final online voting of rephrased statements. Results This guideline contains 38 evidence based consensus statements on the management of diverticular disease. Conclusion This international, multidisciplinary guideline provides an up to date summary of the current knowledge of the management of diverticular disease as a guidance for clinicians and patients.
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31.
  • Schultz, Johannes Kurt, et al. (författare)
  • Laparoscopic Lavage vs Primary Resection for Acute Perforated Diverticulitis : The SCANDIV Randomized Clinical Trial
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598. ; 314:13, s. 1364-1375
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • IMPORTANCE: Perforated colonic diverticulitis usually requires surgical resection, which is associated with significant morbidity. Cohort studies have suggested that laparoscopic lavage may treat perforated diverticulitis with less morbidity than resection procedures.OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes from laparoscopic lavage with those for colon resection for perforated diverticulitis.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Multicenter, randomized clinical superiority trial recruiting participants from 21 centers in Sweden and Norway from February 2010 to June 2014. The last patient follow-up was in December 2014 and final review and verification of the medical records was assessed in March 2015. Patients with suspected perforated diverticulitis, a clinical indication for emergency surgery, and free air on an abdominal computed tomography scan were eligible. Of 509 patients screened, 415 were eligible and 199 were enrolled.INTERVENTIONS: Patients were assigned to undergo laparoscopic peritoneal lavage (n = 101) or colon resection (n = 98) based on a computer-generated, center-stratified block randomization. All patients with fecal peritonitis (15 patients in the laparoscopic peritoneal lavage group vs 13 in the colon resection group) underwent colon resection. Patients with a pathology requiring treatment beyond that necessary for perforated diverticulitis (12 in the laparoscopic lavage group vs 13 in the colon resection group) were also excluded from the protocol operations and treated as required for the pathology encountered.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was severe postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo score >IIIa) within 90 days. Secondary outcomes included other postoperative complications, reoperations, length of operating time, length of postoperative hospital stay, and quality of life.RESULTS: The primary outcome was observed in 31 of 101 patients (30.7%) in the laparoscopic lavage group and 25 of 96 patients (26.0%) in the colon resection group (difference, 4.7% [95% CI, -7.9% to 17.0%]; P = .53). Mortality at 90 days did not significantly differ between the laparoscopic lavage group (14 patients [13.9%]) and the colon resection group (11 patients [11.5%]; difference, 2.4% [95% CI, -7.2% to 11.9%]; P = .67). The reoperation rate was significantly higher in the laparoscopic lavage group (15 of 74 patients [20.3%]) than in the colon resection group (4 of 70 patients [5.7%]; difference, 14.6% [95% CI, 3.5% to 25.6%]; P = .01) for patients who did not have fecal peritonitis. The length of operating time was significantly shorter in the laparoscopic lavage group; whereas, length of postoperative hospital stay and quality of life did not differ significantly between groups. Four sigmoid carcinomas were missed with laparoscopic lavage.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients with likely perforated diverticulitis and undergoing emergency surgery, the use of laparoscopic lavage vs primary resection did not reduce severe postoperative complications and led to worse outcomes in secondary end points. These findings do not support laparoscopic lavage for treatment of perforated diverticulitis.TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01047462.
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32.
  • Sigurdardottir, Johanna, et al. (författare)
  • Elective surgery should be considered after successful conservative treatment of recurrent diverticular abscesses
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 55:4, s. 454-459
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the disease pattern and treatment of diverticular abscesses. Methods: Patients treated for diverticulitis (K57) in Vastmanland, Sweden were identified for this retrospective population-based study between January 2010 and December 2014. Patients with diverticular abscesses were included. The clinical and radiological data were extracted, and the computed tomography scans were reevaluated. Results: Of the 75 patients (45 women) with a median age of 62 years (range: 23-88 years), abscesses were localized pericolic in 42 patients (59%) and in the pelvis in 33 patients (41%). The median abscess size was 4.8 cm (range: 1.1-11.0 cm). Six patients (8%) required urgent surgical intervention during the index admission. The median follow-up time was 58 months (range: 0-95 months). During follow-up, 40 patients (58%) had disease recurrence and 35 of these patients (88%) presented with complicated diverticulitis. The median time until re-admission was 2 months (range: 3 days-94 months). Patients with pelvic abscesses developed fistulas more frequently, 3 versus 11 patients (p = .003). Twenty-three percent of patients with pericolic abscesses required surgery compared with 40% of patients with pelvic abscesses (p = .09). No patients had a recurrence of abscesses after a colonic resection. Conclusion: The majority of patients with diverticular abscesses had recurrences with repeated admissions regardless of abscess location. An unexpectedly high proportion of patients required surgical intervention during the follow-up period. A liberal approach regarding elective surgery for patients with recurrent diverticulitis abscesses who tolerate surgery seems justified.
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33.
  • Sigurdardottir, Johanna, et al. (författare)
  • Increased accuracy in diagnosing diverticulitis using predictive clinical factors
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 127:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The aim of this study was to identify clinical factors leading to increased diagnostic accuracy for acute colonic diverticulitis. Methods: Patients with clinical suspicion of acute colonic diverticulitis verified with computed tomography (CT) from two hospitals in Sweden between 9 January 2017 and 31 October 2017 were prospectively included. Symptoms, comorbidities, and laboratory results were documented. Candidate variables were analyzed using logistic regression, and the final variable set that yielded the most accurate predictions was identified using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: In total, 146 patients were included (73% women; median age 68 years; age range, 50-94 years). The clinical diagnostic accuracy was 70.5%. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, gender (female vs male odds ratio [OR]: 4.82; confidence interval [CI], 1.56-14.91), age (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87-0.98), pain on the lower left side of the abdomen (OR, 15.14; 95% CI, 2.65-86.58), and absence of vomiting (OR, 14.02; 95% CI, 2.90-67.88) were statistically significant and associated with the diagnosis of CT-verified diverticulitis. With seven predictors (age, gender, urinary symptoms, nausea, temperature, C-reactive protein, and pain left lower side), the area under the ROC curve was 0.82, and a formula was developed for calculating a risk score. Conclusion: We present a scoring system using common clinical variables that can be applied to patients with clinical suspicion of colonic diverticulitis to increase the diagnostic accuracy. The developed scoring system is available for free of charge at https://phille-wagner.shinyapps.io/Diverticulitis_risk_model/.
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34.
  • Smedh, Kenneth, et al. (författare)
  • Hartmann's procedure vs abdominoperineal resection with intersphincteric dissection in patients with rectal cancer : a randomized multicentre trial (HAPIrect)
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: BMC Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2482. ; 16
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The use of Hartmann's procedure in the old and frail and/or in patients with fecal incontinence is increasing, even though some data have reported high postoperative rates of pelvic abscesses. Abdominoperineal excision with intersphincteric dissection has been proposed as a better alternative and is performed increasingly both nationally and internationally. However, no studies have been performed to support this. The aim of this study is to randomize patients between Hartmann's procedure and abdominoperineal excision with intersphincteric dissection and compare post-operative surgical morbidity and quality of life. The hypothesis is that intersphincteric abdominoperineal excision provides less pelvic and perineal morbidity. Methods/design: In this multicentre randomized controlled study, Hartmann's procedure will be compared with intersphincteric abdominoperineal excision in patients with rectal cancer unsuitable for an anterior resection. The patients are operated in different ways around the ano-rectum, otherwise the same procedure is performed with total mesorectal excision and all will receive a colostomy. The one-month postoperative control will focus on post-operative surgical complications, especially the perineal-pelvic, reoperations and other interventions. After one year, late complications such as pain in the perineal or pelvic area or disorders such as secretion or bleeding from the anorectal stump will be recorded and a follow-up of quality of life performed. Histological and oncological data will also be recorded, the latter up to 5 years post-operatively. Discussion: The HAPIrect trial is the first randomized controlled trial comparing standard low Hartmann's procedure with intersphincteric abdominoperineal excision in patients with rectal cancer with the aim of categorizing the post-operative surgical morbidity.
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35.
  • Sverrisson, Ingvar, et al. (författare)
  • Anastomotic leakage after anterior resection in patients with rectal cancer previously irradiated for prostate cancer
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Surgical Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0748-7983 .- 1532-2157. ; 45:3, s. 341-346
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction:There are little data on the post-operative outcome of anterior resection (AR) for rectal cancer in men who had received radiotherapy for prostate cancer previously. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of anastomotic leakage (AL) after AR in these patients.Methods:All men who underwent bowel resection because of rectal cancer between 2000 and 2016 and had been diagnosed previously with prostate cancer were identified by linking the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry with the National Prostate Cancer Register. The medical records of men who underwent AR and had previously received radiotherapy for prostate cancer were reviewed.Results:In total, 13299 men had undergone a bowel resection for rectal cancer, 188 of whom had previously received radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Among those who had received radiation therapy, 59 men (31%) had an AR: 50 men (85%) received a diverting ileostomy, 42 men (71%) had an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 1-2 and 36 men (61%) had tumour stage 1-2. AL was found in 12/59 men (20%), one of whom had a re-laparotomy. There was no 90-day mortality.Conclusions:In the combined national population-based registries, a minority of patients with rectal cancer had an AR after previous radiotherapy for prostate cancer. These patients were healthy with early cancer stages and, in this selected group of patients, the AL rate was much lower than that reported previously.
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36.
  • Sverrisson, Ingvar, et al. (författare)
  • Hartmann's procedure in rectal cancer : a population-based study of postoperative complications
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Colorectal Disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0179-1958 .- 1432-1262. ; 30:2, s. 181-186
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Hartmann's procedure for rectal cancer patients is increasingly performed but few studies have reported the postoperative outcome. The purpose was to report postoperative complications and analyse risk factors in rectal cancer patients operated with Hartmann's procedure. To describe the selection and postoperative complication patterns, all bowel-resected rectal cancer patients were included. Population-based data were from the county of Vastmanland, Sweden. All rectal cancer patients operated with an elective bowel resection between 1996 and 2012 were included. Demographics and postoperative complications were prospectively registered and data retrospectively analysed. Of the 624 patients included, 396 (64 %) were operated with an anterior resection, 159 (25 %) with an abdominoperineal excision and 69 (11 %) a Hartmann's procedure of which 90 % were low Hartmann's. Patients operated with a Hartmann's procedure were significantly older, had higher ASA-score, poorer WHO performance score and lower serum albumin levels. Operative time for Hartmann's procedure was a median of 49 and 99 min shorter than after anterior resection and abdominoperineal excision, respectively, and entailed less bleeding. Complications related to the pelvic and perineal dissections were more common after abdominoperineal excision compared with anterior resection and Hartmann's procedure (32 vs. 9 and 13 %, p < 0.001). Few rectal cancer patients, operated with Hartmann's procedure, developed pelvic complications despite a higher age, more co-morbidities, metastases in different localities and functional inferiority when compared with the patients operated with anterior resection or abdominoperineal excision. Hartmann's procedure is a valid alternative procedure in the old and frail rectal cancer patient.
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37.
  • Sverrisson, Ingvar, et al. (författare)
  • Low risk of intra-abdominal infections in rectal cancer patients treated with Hartmann's procedure : a report from a national registry
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Colorectal Disease. - : SPRINGER. - 0179-1958 .- 1432-1262. ; 33:3, s. 327-332
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To describe the postoperative surgical complications in patients with rectal cancer undergoing Hartmann's procedure (HP). Data were retrieved from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry for all patients with rectal cancer undergoing HP in 2007-2014. A retrospective analysis was performed using prospectively recorded data. Characteristics of patients and risk factors for intra-abdominal infection and re-laparotomy were analysed. Of 10,940 patients resected for rectal cancer, 1452 (13%) underwent HP (median age, 77 years). The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score was 3-4 in 43% of patients; 15% had distant metastases and 62% underwent a low HP. The intra-abdominal infection rate was 8% and re-laparotomy rate was 10%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified preoperative radiotherapy (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.14-2.77), intra-operative bowel perforation (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.08-3.67), T4 tumours (OR, 1.68; 95% CI 1.04-2.69) and female gender (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.15-2.61) as risk factors for intra-abdominal infection. ASA score 3-4 (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.12-2.34), elevated BMI (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.09) and female gender (OR, 2.06; CI, 1.41-3.00) were risk factors for re-laparotomy after HP. The rate of intra-abdominal infection was not increased after a low HP. Despite older age and co-morbidities including more advanced cancer, patients undergoing Hartmann's procedure had low rates of serious postoperative complications and re-laparotomy. A low HP was not associated with a higher rate of intra-abdominal infection. HP seems to be appropriate for old and frail patients with rectal cancer.
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38.
  • Sverrisson, Ingvar (författare)
  • Rectal cancer : Aspects of post-operative complications
  • 2018
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to study post-operative complications in patients with rectal cancer.Methods: Post-operative complications in patients operated for rectal cancer was retrospectively analyzed in three prospective registers; the local rectal cancer registry in the Västmanland County, Sweden, the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry (SCRCR) and the National Prostate Cancer Registry (NPCR). In Papers I and II, the focus was on the complication pattern after Hartmann’s procedure (HP). In Paper III, the incidence of parastomal hernia was assessed during a period when no prophylactic mesh was used (1996-2006) compared with a period when a prophylactic mesh was routinely used (2007-2012). In Paper IV, the anastomotic leakage (AL) rate after anterior resection (AR) for rectal cancer patients who had previously received RT for prostate cancer was assessed with combined data from the SCRCR and the NPCR.Results: In Paper I, patients operated with a HP were significantly older, had a higher ASA-score, a poorer WHO performance score and lower serum albumin levels. Few developed pelvic complications. In Paper II, the intra-abdominal infection rate was 8% and the re-laparotomy rate was 10%. Multi-variable logistic regression analysis identified pre-operative radiotherapy as a risk factor for intra-abdominal infections. In Paper III, we found no difference in the rate of parastomal hernia between patients with and without a prophylactic stoma mesh. In Paper IV, we identified 59 out of 188 patients who had undergone previous radiation therapy for prostate cancer who had been operated with AR. Twelve (20%) developed an AL, of whom only one underwent re-laparotomy and there was no 90-day mortality.Conclusion: The rate of serious post-operative complications was low after HP and it seems to be a safe and appropriate alternative in old and frail patients. Pre-operative radiotherapy was a risk factor for intra-abdominal infections in rectal cancer patients operated with a HP. A prophylactic stoma mesh did not reduce the rate of parastomal hernias. In patients that had previously been irradiated for prostate cancer, a minority underwent an AR. These patients were healthy with early cancer stages and, in this selected group of patients, the AL rate was much lower than previously reported.
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39.
  • Thorisson, Arnar, 1979- (författare)
  • Acute Colonic Diverticulitis : The role of computed tomography in primary diagnosis, prediction of complications and surgical intervention
  • 2018
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The overall aim of this thesis was to expand the current knowledge regarding the advantages and limitations of computed tomography (CT) for patients with acute diverticulitis and evaluate outpatient treatment for uncomplicated diverticulitis.Paper I: A retrospective evaluation of 602 patients with reported uncomplicated diverticulitis. Scans were re-evaluated and the degree of inflammation was graded. Signs of complications or other diseases were also noted. No radiological findings on CT could predict the development of complications or recurrence in patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis. However, 44 patients (7.3%) had signs of complicated diverticulitis that had been overlooked on the initial assessment. Despite small complications and a non-antibiotic treatment, the majority of patients recovered without incident, further strengthening the non-antibiotic treatment strategy.Paper II: A retrospective analysis of conservative treatment for perforated diverticulitis (n = 136) during a 5-year period. Twenty-nine of 136 patients were operated on within 24 h and not candidates for conservative management. Patients more than 75 years old, immunosuppressed patients, patients with free intraperitoneal air or free fluid in the abdominal cavity were at higher risk for emergency surgery within the first 24 h. Conservative treatment was successful in 101 of 107 patients (94%) when attempted. The presence of simultaneous abscess increased the risk for conservative treatment failure.Paper III: The aim of this prospective study was to determine if a non-enhanced low-dose CT was as sensitive as standard CT with intravenous (IV) contrast for patients with suspected acute diverticulitis. The included patients underwent both types of CT examinations. CT images were graded by three independent radiologists for the presence of diverticulitis, complications or other findings that could explain the patient’s symptoms. Sensitivity, specificity and both intra- and inter-reader agreement for low-dose CT were very high. Therefore, we recommend this examination for suspected diverticulitis.Paper IV: In this prospective study, 155 consecutive patients with CT-verified acute uncomplicated diverticulitis were treated as outpatients without antibiotics. Overall, only four patients (2.6%) returned to the hospital because of treatment failure, all of whom were hospitalized and received antibiotics. Outpatient treatment of uncomplicated diverticulitis is safe and recommended in selected patients. 
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40.
  • Thorisson, Arnar, et al. (författare)
  • CT imaging for prediction of complications and recurrence in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Colorectal Disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0179-1958 .- 1432-1262. ; 31:2, s. 451-457
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: The first randomized clinical trial of antibiotics in uncomplicated diverticulitis (the AVOD study) showed no benefit of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the computed tomography (CT) scans of the patients in the AVOD study to find out whether there were CT findings that were missed and to study whether CT signs in uncomplicated diverticulitis could predict complications or recurrence.METHODS: The CT scan images from patients included in the AVOD study were re-evaluated and graded by two independent reviewers for different signs of diverticulitis, including complications, such as extraluminal gas or the presence of an abscess.RESULTS: Of the 623 patients included in the study, 602 CT scans were obtained and re-evaluated. Forty-four (7 %) patients were found to have complications on the admitting CT scan that had been overlooked. Twenty-seven had extraluminal gas and 17 had an abscess. Four of these patients deteriorated and required surgery, but the remaining patients improved without complications. Of the 18 patients in the no-antibiotic group, in whom signs of complications on CT were overlooked, 15 recovered without antibiotics. No CT findings in patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis could predict complications or recurrence.CONCLUSION: No CT findings that could predict complications or recurrence were found. A weakness in the initial assessment of the CT scans to detect extraluminal gas and abscess was found but, despite this, the majority of patients recovered without antibiotics. This further supports the non-antibiotic strategy in uncomplicated diverticulitis.
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41.
  • Thorisson, Arnar, et al. (författare)
  • Diagnostic Accuracy of Acute Diverticulitis with Non-Enhanced Low-Dose CT
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: BJS Open. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2474-9842. ; 4:4, s. 659-665
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of non-enhanced low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in acute colonic diverticulitis with contrast-enhanced standard-dose CT (SDCT) as the reference method.Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients with clinically suspected diverticulitis were included from two hospitals between January and October 2017. All patients underwent LDCT followed by SDCT. All CT examinations were assessed for signs of diverticulitis, complications, and other diagnoses by three independent radiologists (two radiology consultants and one fourth-year resident) using SDCT as the reference method. Sensitivity, specificity, and agreement were calculated.Results: In total, 149 patients (median age 68, 107 women) were included; 107 had diverticulitis on standard CT. Sensitivity for diverticulitis using LDCT was 100%; the values were 99% for consulting radiologists and 92% for the radiology resident. Specificity was 100% for both consultants and 84% for the resident. Sensitivity for identification of complications was 74%, 60%, and 54%, respectively. Twenty-six patients had other causes of abdominal symptoms on standard CT, 23 (88%) of whom were diagnosed correctly on LDCT. One case of splenic infarction and two cases of segment colitis were missed on LDCT.Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy of LDCT was high for acute diverticulitis. Therefore, it is recommended as a standard method that should help to reduce radiation dose and cost. LDCT had lower sensitivity for complications, although discrimination between an inflamed diverticulum and small pericolic abscess accounted for a proportion of the discrepancies.
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42.
  • Thorisson, Arnar, et al. (författare)
  • Non-operative management of perforated diverticulitis with extraluminal or free air - a retrospective single center cohort study
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 53:10-11, s. 1298-1303
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe patient characteristics and results of non-operative management for patients presenting with computed tomography (CT) verified perforated diverticulitis with extraluminal or free air.Methods: All patients treated for diverticulitis (ICD-10: K-57) during 2010–2014 were identified and medical records were reviewed. Re-evaluations of CT examinations for all patients with complicated disease according to medical records were performed. All patients diagnosed with perforated diverticulitis and extraluminal or free air on re-evaluation were included and characteristics of patients having immediate surgery and those whom non-operative management was attempted are described.Results: Of 141 patients with perforated diverticulitis according to medical records, 136 were confirmed on CT re-evaluation. Emergency surgical intervention within 24 h of admission was performed in 29 (21%) patients. Non-operative management with iv antibiotics was attempted for 107 patients and was successful in 101 (94%). The 30-day mortality rate was 2%. The presence of a simultaneous abscess was higher for patients with failure of non-operative management compared with those that were successfully managed non-operatively (67% compared to 17%, p = .013). Eleven out of thirty-two patients (34%) with free air were successfully managed conservatively. Patients that were operated within 24 h from admission were more commonly on immunosuppressive therapy, had more commonly free intraperitoneal air and free fluid in the peritoneal cavity.Conclusions: Non-operative management is successful in the majority of patients with CT-verified perforated diverticulitis with extraluminal air, and also in one-third of those with free air in the peritoneal cavity.
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43.
  • Thorisson, Arnar, et al. (författare)
  • Non-operativemanagement of perforated diverticulitis with extraluminal or free air
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Objectives The aim of this study was to describe characteristics and results of non-operative   management for patients presenting with computed tomography (CT) verified perforated diverticulitis. Methods All patients treated for diverticulitis (ICD-10: K-57) during 2010–2014 were identified and medical records were reviewed. Re-evaluations of CT examinations for all patients with complicated disease according to medical records were performed. All patients diagnosed with perforated diverticulitis on re-evaluation were included and characteristics of patients having immediate surgery and those whom non-operative management was attempted are described.Results Of 141 patients with perforated diverticulitis according to medical records, 136 were confirmed on CT re-evaluation. Emergency surgical intervention within 24 hours was performed in 29 (21%). Non-operative management with iv antibiotics was attempted for 107 patients and was successful in 101 (94%). The 30-day mortality rate was 2%. Non-operative management was more likely to fail in patients with a simultaneous abscess (67% compared to 16%, p = 0.013). More than one third of patients (34%) with free air were successfully managed conservatively. Patients that were operated within 24 hours from admission were more commonly on immunosuppressive therapy, had more commonly free intraperitoneal air and free fluid in the peritoneal cavity.Conclusions Non-operative management is successful in the majority of patients with CT-verified perforated diverticulitis with extraluminal air, and also in one-third of those with free air in the peritoneal cavity.
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44.
  • Torkzad, Michael R., et al. (författare)
  • Impact of COVID-19 on the incidence of CT-diagnosed appendicitis and its complications in the UK and Sweden
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Colorectal Disease. - : Springer Nature. - 0179-1958 .- 1432-1262. ; 37:6, s. 1375-1383
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim To compare the number of appendicitis cases and its complications, during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden and the UK and the corresponding time period in 2019. Method Reports of emergency abdominopelvic CT performed at 56 Swedish hospitals and 38 British hospitals between April and July 2020 and a corresponding control cohort from 2019 were reviewed. Two radiologists and two surgeons blinded to the date of cohorts analyzed all reports for diagnosis of appendicitis, perforation, and abscess. A random selection of cases was chosen for the measurement of inter-rater agreement. Result Both in Sweden (6111) and the UK (5591) fewer, abdominopelvic CT scans were done in 2020 compared to 2019 (6433 and 7223, respectively); p < 0.001. In the UK, the number of appendicitis was 36% lower in April-June 2020 compared to 2019 but not in Sweden. Among the appendicitis cases, there was a higher number of perforations and abscesses in 2020, in Sweden. In the UK, the number of perforations and abscesses were initially lower (April-June 2020) but increased in July 2020. There was a substantial inter-rater agreement for the diagnosis of perforations and abscess formations (K = 0.64 and 0.77). Conclusion In Sweden, the number of appendicitis was not different between 2019 and 2020; however, there was an increase of complications. In the UK, there was a significant decrease of cases in 2020. The prevalence of complications was lower initially but increased in July. These findings suggest variability in delay in diagnosis of appendicitis depending on the country and time frame studied.
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45.
  • van Dijk, S. T., et al. (författare)
  • Observational versus antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated diverticulitis : an individual-patient data meta-analysis
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press. - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 107:8, s. 1062-1069
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Two RCTs (AVOD and DIABOLO) demonstrated no difference in recovery or adverse outcomes when antibiotics for acute uncomplicated diverticulitis were omitted. Both trials showed non-significantly higher rates of complicated diverticulitis and surgery in the non-antibiotic groups. This meta-analysis of individual-patient data aimed to explore adverse outcomes and identify patients at risk who may benefit from antibiotic treatment.Methods Individual-patient data from those with uncomplicated diverticulitis from two RCTs were pooled. Risk factors for adverse outcomes and the effect of observational management were assessed using logistic regression analyses. P < 0·025 was considered statistically significant owing to multiple testing adjustment.Results In total, 545 patients in the observational group and 564 in the antibiotics group were included. No statistical differences were found in 1-year follow-up rates of ongoing diverticulitis (7·2 versus 5·0 per cent in observation versus antibiotics groups respectively; P = 0·062), recurrent diverticulitis (8·6 versus 9·6 per cent; P = 0·610), complicated diverticulitis (4·0 versus 2·1 per cent; P = 0·079) and sigmoid resection (5·0 versus 2·5 per cent; P = 0·214). An initial pain score greater than 7, white blood cell count exceeding 13·5 × 109/l and previous diverticulitis at presentation were risk factors for adverse outcomes. Antibiotic treatment did not prevent adverse outcomes in patients at high risk of adverse events.Conclusion Observational management of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis is safe. Some statistical uncertainty remains, depending on the thresholds of clinical relevance, owing to small differences, but no subgroup that would benefit from antibiotic treatment was apparent.
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46.
  • Wiklund, Erik, et al. (författare)
  • Lower need for allogeneic blood transfusion after robotic low anterior resection compared with open low anterior resection : a propensity score-matched analysis
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of robotic Surgery. - : Springer Nature. - 1863-2483 .- 1863-2491. ; 17:4, s. 1715-1720
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Robotic low anterior resection (R-LAR) for rectal cancer may decrease estimated blood loss compared with open low anterior resection (O-LAR). The aim of this study was to compare estimated blood loss and blood transfusion within 30 days after O-LAR and R-LAR. This was a retrospective matched cohort study based on prospectively registered data from Vastmanland Hospital, Sweden. The first 52 patients operated on using R-LAR for rectal cancer at Vastmanland Hospital were propensity score-matched 1:2 with patients who underwent O-LAR for age, sex, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiology physical classification system), and tumor distance from the anal verge. In total, 52 patients in the R-LAR group and 104 patients in the O-LAR group were included. Estimated blood loss was significantly higher in the O-LAR group compared with R-LAR: 582.7 ml (SD +/- 489.2) vs. 86.1 ml (SD +/- 67.7); p < 0.001. Within 30 days after surgery, 43.3% of patients who received O-LAR and 11.5% who received R-LAR were treated with blood transfusion (p < 0.001). As a secondary post hoc finding, multivariable analysis identified O-LAR and lower pre-operative hemoglobin level as risk factors for the need of blood transfusion within 30 days after surgery. Patients who underwent R-LAR had significantly lower estimated blood loss and a need for peri- and post-operative blood transfusion compared with O-LAR. Open surgery was shown to be associated with an increased need for blood transfusion within 30 days after low anterior resection for rectal cancer.
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