| 1. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Varela, AR, et al.
(författare)
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Status and Trends of Physical Activity Surveillance, Policy, and Research in 164 Countries: Findings From the Global Observatory for Physical Activity-GoPA! 2015 and 2020 Surveys
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of physical activity & health. - : Human Kinetics. - 1543-5474 .- 1543-3080. ; 20:2, s. 112-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Physical activity (PA) surveillance, policy, and research efforts need to be periodically appraised to gain insight into national and global capacities for PA promotion. The aim of this paper was to assess the status and trends in PA surveillance, policy, and research in 164 countries. Methods: We used data from the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) 2015 and 2020 surveys. Comprehensive searches were performed for each country to determine the level of development of their PA surveillance, policy, and research, and the findings were verified by the GoPA! Country Contacts. Trends were analyzed based on the data available for both survey years. Results: The global 5-year progress in all 3 indicators was modest, with most countries either improving or staying at the same level. PA surveillance, policy, and research improved or remained at a high level in 48.1%, 40.6%, and 42.1% of the countries, respectively. PA surveillance, policy, and research scores decreased or remained at a low level in 8.3%, 15.8%, and 28.6% of the countries, respectively. The highest capacity for PA promotion was found in Europe, the lowest in Africa and low- and lower-middle-income countries. Although a large percentage of the world’s population benefit from at least some PA policy, surveillance, and research efforts in their countries, 49.6 million people are without PA surveillance, 629.4 million people are without PA policy, and 108.7 million live in countries without any PA research output. A total of 6.3 billion people or 88.2% of the world’s population live in countries where PA promotion capacity should be significantly improved. Conclusion: Despite PA is essential for health, there are large inequalities between countries and world regions in their capacity to promote PA. Coordinated efforts are needed to reduce the inequalities and improve the global capacity for PA promotion.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Khandelwal, Pooja, et al.
(författare)
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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Activity in Pediatric Cancer between 2008 and 2014 in the United States : A Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research Report
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biology of blood and marrow transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1083-8791 .- 1523-6536. ; 23:8, s. 1342-1349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research report describes the use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in pediatric patients with cancer, 4408 undergoing allogeneic (allo) and3076 undergoing autologous (auto) HSCT in the United States between 2008 and 2014. In both settings, there was a greater proportion of boys (n = 4327; 57%), children < 10 years of age (n = 4412; 59%), whites (n = 5787; 77%), and children with a performance score 90% at HSCT (n = 6187; 83%). Leukemia was the most common indication for an allo-transplant (n = 4170; 94%), and among these, acute lymphoblastic leukemia in second complete remission (n = 829; 20%) and acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission (n = 800; 19%) were the most common. The most frequently used donor relation, stem cell sources, and HLA match were unrelated donor (n = 2933; 67%), bone marrow (n = 2378; 54%), and matched at 8/8 HLA antigens (n = 1098; 37%) respectively. Most allo-transplants used myeloablative conditioning (n = 4070; 92%) and calcineurin inhibitors and methotrexate (n = 2245; 51%) for acute graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. Neuroblastoma was the most common primary neoplasm for an auto-transplant (n = 1338; 44%). Tandem auto-transplants for neuroblastoma declined after 2012 (40% in 2011, 25% in 2012, and 8% in 2014), whereas tandem auto transplants increased for brain tumors (57% in 2008 and 77% in 2014). Allo-transplants from relatives other than HLA-identical siblings doubled between 2008 and 2014 (3% in 2008 and 6% in 2014). These trends will be monitored in future reports of transplant practices in the United States.
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| 5. |
- King, Abby C., et al.
(författare)
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Community-Based Approaches to Reducing Health Inequities and Fostering Environmental Justice through Global Youth-Engaged Citizen Science
- 2021
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Ingår i: International journal of environmental research and public health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601 .- 1661-7827. ; 18:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growing socioeconomic and structural disparities within and between nations have created unprecedented health inequities that have been felt most keenly among the world’s youth. While policy approaches can help to mitigate such inequities, they are often challenging to enact in under-resourced and marginalized communities. Community-engaged participatory action research provides an alternative or complementary means for addressing the physical and social environmental contexts that can impact health inequities. The purpose of this article is to describe the application of a particular form of technology-enabled participatory action research, called the Our Voice citizen science research model, with youth. An overview of 20 Our Voice studies occurring across five continents indicates that youth and young adults from varied backgrounds and with interests in diverse issues affecting their communities can participate successfully in multiple contributory research processes, including those representing the full scientific endeavor. These activities can, in turn, lead to changes in physical and social environments of relevance to health, wellbeing, and, at times, climate stabilization. The article ends with future directions for the advancement of this type of community-engaged citizen science among young people across the socioeconomic spectrum.
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| 6. |
- Näsström, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Reproducible diagnostic metabolites in plasma from typhoid fever patients in Asia and Africa
- 2017
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications. - 2050-084X. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Salmonella Typhi is the causative agent of typhoid. Typhoid is diagnosed by blood culture, a method that lacks sensitivity, portability and speed. We have previously shown that specific metabolomic profiles can be detected in the blood of typhoid patients from Nepal (Nasstrom et al., 2014). Here, we performed mass spectrometry on plasma from Bangladeshi and Senegalese patients with culture confirmed typhoid fever, clinically suspected typhoid, and other febrile diseases including malaria. After applying supervised pattern recognition modelling, we could significantly distinguish metabolite profiles in plasma from the culture confirmed typhoid patients. After comparing the direction of change and degree of multivariate significance, we identified 24 metabolites that were consistently up- or down regulated in a further Bangladeshi/Senegalese validation cohort, and the Nepali cohort from our previous work. We have identified and validated a metabolite panel that can distinguish typhoid from other febrile diseases, providing a new approach for typhoid diagnostics.
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| 7. |
- Olsson, R. F., et al.
(författare)
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Primary graft failure after myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies
- 2015
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Ingår i: Leukemia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0887-6924 .- 1476-5551. ; 29:8, s. 1754-1762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical outcomes after primary graft failure (PGF) remain poor. Here we present a large retrospective analysis (n = 23 272) which investigates means to prevent PGF and early detection of patients at high risk. In patients with hematologic malignancies, who underwent their first myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, PGF was reported in 1278 (5.5%), and there was a marked difference in PGFs using peripheral blood stem cell compared with bone marrow grafts (2.5 vs 7.3%; P<0.001). A fourfold increase of PGF was observed in myeloproliferative disorders compared with acute leukemia (P<0.001). Other risk factors for PGF included recipient age <30, HLA mismatch, male recipients of female donor grafts, ABO incompatibility, busulfan/cyclophosphamide conditioning and cryopreservation. In bone marrow transplants, total nucleated cell doses <= 2.4 x 10(8) per kg were associated with PGF (odds ratio 1.39; P<0.001). The use of tacrolimus-based immunosuppression and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were associated with decreased PGF risk. These data, allow clinicians to do more informed choices with respect to graft source, donor selection, conditioning and immunosuppressive regimens to reduce the risk of PGF. Moreover, a novel risk score determined on day 21 post transplant may provide the rationale for an early request for additional hematopoietic stem cells.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Chaudhury, Nayab M A, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced MUC7 mucin sialylation and altered saliva rheology in Sjogren's syndrome associated oral dryness.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP. - 1535-9484. ; 15, s. 1048-1059
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sjogren 's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterised by lymphocytic infiltration and hypofunction of salivary and lacrimal glands. This loss of salivary function leads to oral dryness, impaired swallowing and speech and increased infection and is associated with other autoimmune diseases and an increased risk of certain cancers. Despite the implications of this prevalent disease, diagnosis currently takes years, partly due to the diversity in patient presentation. Saliva is a complicated biological fluid with major constituents including heavily glycosylated mucins MUC5B and MUC7, important for its viscoelastic, hydrating and lubricating properties. This study investigated Sjogren 's patient 's perception of dryness (bother index questionnaires) along with the rheological, protein composition and glycan analysis of whole mouth saliva and the saliva on the mucosal surface (residual mucosal saliva) to understand the properties that most affect patient wellbeing. Sjogrenvs patients exhibited a statistically significant reduction in residual mucosal saliva, salivary flow rate and extensional rheology, spinnbarkeit (stringiness). Although the concentration of mucins MUC5B and MUC7 were similar between patients and controls, a comparison of protein Western blotting and glycan staining identified a reduction in mucin glycosylation in Sjogren 's, particularly on MUC7. LC-MS/MS analysis of O -glycans released from MUC7 by β-elimination revealed patients had an increase in core 1 sulfation and an overall reduction in sialylation resulting in a global decline of charged glycans. This was primarily due to the loss of the extended core 2 disialylated structure, with and without fucosylation. A decrease in the extended, fucosylated core 2 disialylated structure on MUC7, residual mucosal wetness and whole mouth saliva flow rate appeared to have a negative and cumulative effect on the perception of oral dryness. The observed changes in MUC7 glycosylation could be a potential diagnostic tool for saliva quality and taken into consideration for future therapies for this multifactorial syndrome.
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| 10. |
- Chaudhury, Smrita, et al.
(författare)
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Localised Collagen2a1 secretion supports lymphatic endothelial cell migration in the zebrafish embryo
- 2020
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Ingår i: Development. - : COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD. - 0950-1991 .- 1477-9129. ; 147:18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lymphatic vasculature develops primarily from pre-existing veins. A pool of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) first sprouts from cardinal veins followed by migration and proliferation to colonise embryonic tissues. Although much is known about the molecular regulation of LEC fate and sprouting during early lymphangiogenesis, we know far less about the instructive and permissive signals that support LEC migration through the embryo. Using a forward genetic screen, we identified mbtps1 and sec23a, components of the COP-II protein secretory pathway, as essential for developmental lymphangiogenesis. In both mutants, LECs initially depart the cardinal vein but then fail in their ongoing migration. A key cargo that failed to be secreted in both mutants was a type II collagen (Col2a1). Col2a1 is normally secreted by notochord sheath cells, alongside which LECs migrate. col2a1a mutants displayed defects in the migratory behaviour of LECs and failed lymphangiogenesis. These studies thus identify Col2a1 as a key cargo secreted by notochord sheath cells and required for the migration of LECs. These findings combine with our current understanding to suggest that successive cell-to-cell and cell-matrix interactions regulate the migration of LECs through the embryonic environment during development.
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| 11. |
- Chaudhury, Sonali, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Children and Young Adults with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia : A CIBMTR Cohort Analysis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biology of blood and marrow transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1083-8791 .- 1523-6536. ; 22:6, s. 1056-1064
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in children and young adults is uncommon. Young patients have long life expectancies and low morbidity with hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Prolonged tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) use may cause significant morbidity. In addition, indication for HCT in patients in the first chronic phase is not established. We hence retrospectively evaluated outcomes in 449 CML patients with early disease receiving myeloablative HCT reported to the CIBMTR. We analyzed various factors affecting outcome, specifically the effect of age and pre-HCT TKI in pediatric patients (age < 18 years, n = 177) and young adults (age 18 to 29 years, n = 272) with the goal of identifying prognostic factors. Post-HCT probability rates of 5-year overall survival (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) were 75% and 59%, respectively. Rates of OS and LFS were 76% and 57% in <18-year and 74% and 60% in 18- to 29-year group, respectively, by univariate analysis (P = .1 and = .6). Five-year rates of OS for HLA matched sibling donor (MSD) and bone marrow (BM) stem cell source were 83% and 80%, respectively. In multivariate analysis there was no effect of age (<18 versus 18 to 29) or pre-HCT TKI therapy on OS, LFS, transplant related mortality, or relapse. Favorable factors for OS were MSD (P < .001) and recent HCT (2003 to 2010; P = .04). LFS was superior with MSD (P < .001), BM as graft source (P = .001), and performance scores > 90 (P = .03) compared with unrelated or mismatched peripheral blood stem cells donors and recipients with lower performance scores. Older age was associated with increased incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (P = .0002). In the current era, HCT outcomes are similar in young patients and children with early CML, and best outcomes are achieved with BM grafts and MSD.
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| 12. |
- Gaber, Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Social Citizenship Through Out-of-Home Participation Among Older Adults With and Without Dementia
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Gerontology. - : Sage Publications. - 0733-4648 .- 1552-4523. ; 41:11, s. 2362-2373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is limited empirical knowledge about how older adults living with dementia enact their social citizenship through out-of-home participation. This study aimed: (a) to investigate out-of-home participation among older adults with and without dementia in four countries and (b) to compare aspects of stability or change in out-of-home participation. Using a cross-sectional design, older adults with mild-to-moderate dementia and without dementia, aged 55 years and over, were interviewed using the Participation in ACTivities and Places OUTside the Home questionnaire in Canada (n = 58), Sweden (n = 69), Switzerland (n = 70), and the United Kingdom (n = 128). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a two-way analysis of variance. After adjustment for age, diagnosis of dementia and country of residence had significant effects on total out-of-home participation (p <.01). The results contribute to policies and development of programs to facilitate social citizenship by targeting specific activities and places.
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| 13. |
- Grimm, Lin, et al.
(författare)
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Yap1 promotes sprouting and proliferation of lymphatic progenitors downstream of Vegfc in the zebrafish trunk
- 2019
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : ELIFE SCIENCES PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 2050-084X. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lymphatic vascular development involves specification of lymphatic endothelial progenitors that subsequently undergo sprouting, proliferation and tissue growth to form a complex second vasculature. The Hippo pathway and effectors Yap and Taz control organ growth and regulate morphogenesis and cellular proliferation. Yap and Taz control angiogenesis but a role in lymphangiogenesis remains to be fully elucidated. Here we show that YAP displays dynamic changes in lymphatic progenitors and Yap1 is essential for lymphatic vascular development in zebrafish. Maternal and Zygotic (MZ) yap1 mutants show normal specification of lymphatic progenitors, abnormal cellular sprouting and reduced numbers of lymphatic progenitors emerging from the cardinal vein during lymphangiogenesis. Furthermore, Yap1 is indispensable for Vegfc-induced proliferation in a transgenic model of Vegfc overexpression. Paracrine Vegfc-signalling ultimately increases nuclear YAP in lymphatic progenitors to control lymphatic development. We thus identify a role for Yap in lymphangiogenesis, acting downstream of Vegfc to promote expansion of this vascular lineage.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Lestelius, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Order/disorder gradients of n-alkanethiols on gold
- 1999
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces B. - : Elsevier. - 0927-7765 .- 1873-4367. ; 15:1, s. 57-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the interfacial properties of one-dimensional molecular gradients of alkanethiols (HS-(CH2)(n)- X) on gold. The kinetics and thermodynamics of monolayer formation are important issues for these types of mixed molecular assemblies. The influence of chain length difference on the contact angles with hexadecane (HD), theta(a) and theta(r), and the hysteresis, has been studied by employing alkanethiols HS-(CH2)(n)-CH3, with n = 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17, in the preparation of the self-assembled monolayers (SAM) gradients. The contact angles with hexadecane, at the very extreme ends of the gradients, show characteristic values of a highly ordered CH3-like assembly: theta(a) = 45-50 degrees. In the middle of the gradients theta(a) drops noticeably and exhibits values representative for CH2-like polymethylenes, theta(a) = 20-30 degrees, indicating a substantial disordering of the protruding chains of the longer component in the gradient assembly. As expected, the exposure of CH2-groups to the probing liquid increases with increasing differential chain length of the two n-alkanethiol used, in this case eight methylene units. However, the contact angles always display a non-zero value which means that even at a chain length difference of eight methylene units there is a substantial exposure of methyl (CH3) groups to the probing liquid. With infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) we have monitored the structural behavior of the polymethylene chains along the gradient. We find complementary evidence for disordered chains in the gradient region, and the IRAS results correlate well with the contact angle measurements. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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