| 1. |
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| 2. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 4. |
- Akbarzadeh, Saeed, et al.
(författare)
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A Simple Fabrication, Low Noise, Capacitive Tactile Sensor for Use in Inexpensive and Smart Healthcare Systems
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : IEEE. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 22:9, s. 9069-9077
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tactile sensors are among the most important devices used in industrial and biomedical fields. Sensors' profiles are significantly affected by their structures and material used. This article presents a robust, low-cost, low noise, accurate and simple fabrication capacitive tactile sensor as a single taxel fabricated on foam. This highly scalable design provides excellent noise immunity, accuracy, and due to a unique printable elastic conductor, it is flexible and stretchable with more than 200% strain. Furthermore, the taxel is based on the capacitive Wheatstone bridge. As a result, noise immunity and stability in case of temperature fluctuation is accomplished. Additionally, the sensor's innovative, simple fabrication, made of Polyurethane foam and printable elastic conductor, allows the system to adapt and achieve relevant results necessary for the purpose of the sensor's application. Therefore, the proposed sensor has potential applications in industrial and biomedical contexts, such as sleep monitoring, etc.
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| 5. |
- Lensink, Marc F., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of AlphaFold on structure prediction of protein complexes: The CASP15-CAPRI experiment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proteins. - : WILEY. - 0887-3585 .- 1097-0134.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results for CAPRI Round 54, the 5th joint CASP-CAPRI protein assembly prediction challenge. The Round offered 37 targets, including 14 homodimers, 3 homo-trimers, 13 heterodimers including 3 antibody-antigen complexes, and 7 large assemblies. On average similar to 70 CASP and CAPRI predictor groups, including more than 20 automatics servers, submitted models for each target. A total of 21 941 models submitted by these groups and by 15 CAPRI scorer groups were evaluated using the CAPRI model quality measures and the DockQ score consolidating these measures. The prediction performance was quantified by a weighted score based on the number of models of acceptable quality or higher submitted by each group among their five best models. Results show substantial progress achieved across a significant fraction of the 60+ participating groups. High-quality models were produced for about 40% of the targets compared to 8% two years earlier. This remarkable improvement is due to the wide use of the AlphaFold2 and AlphaFold2-Multimer software and the confidence metrics they provide. Notably, expanded sampling of candidate solutions by manipulating these deep learning inference engines, enriching multiple sequence alignments, or integration of advanced modeling tools, enabled top performing groups to exceed the performance of a standard AlphaFold2-Multimer version used as a yard stick. This notwithstanding, performance remained poor for complexes with antibodies and nanobodies, where evolutionary relationships between the binding partners are lacking, and for complexes featuring conformational flexibility, clearly indicating that the prediction of protein complexes remains a challenging problem.
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| 6. |
- Li, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Non-lab and semi-lab algorithms for screening undiagnosed diabetes : A cross-sectional study
- 2018
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Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 2352-3964. ; 35, s. 307-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The terrifying undiagnosed rate and high prevalence of diabetes have become a public emergency. A high efficiency and cost-effective early recognition method is urgently needed. We aimed to generate innovative, user-friendly nomograms that can be applied for diabetes screening in different ethnic groups in China using the non-lab or noninvasive semi-lab data. Methods: This multicenter, multi-ethnic, population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in eight sites in China by enrolling subjects aged 20-70. Sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics were collected. Blood and urine samples were obtained 2 h following a standard 75 g glucose solution. In the final analysis, 10,794 participants were included and randomized into model development (n - 8096) and model validation (n = 2698) group with a ratio of 3:1. Nomograms were developed by the stepwise binary logistic regression. The nomograms were validated internally by a bootstrap sampling method in the model development set and externally in the model validation set. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to assess the screening performance of the nomograms. Decision curve analysis was applied to calculate the net benefit of the screening model. Results: The overall prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 9.8% (1059/10794) according to ADA criteria. The non-lab model revealed that gender, age, body mass index, waist circumference, hypertension, ethnicities, vegetable daily consumption and family history of diabetes were independent risk factors for diabetes. By adding 2 h post meal glycosuria qualitative to the non-lab model, the semi-lab model showed an improved Akaike information criterion (AIC: 4506 to 3580). The AUC of the semi-lab model was statistically larger than the non-lab model (0.868 vs 0.763, P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff probability in semi-lab and non-lab nomograms were 0.088 and 0.098, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity were 76.3% and 81.6%, respectively in semi-lab nomogram, and 72.1% and 673% in non-lab nomogram at the optimal cut off point. The decision curve analysis also revealed a bigger decrease of avoidable OGTT test (52 per 100 subjects) in the semi-lab model compared to the non-lab model (36 per 100 subjects) and the existed New Chinese Diabetes Risk Score (NCDRS, 35 per 100 subjects). Conclusion: The non-lab and semi-lab nomograms appear to be reliable tools for diabetes screening, especially in developing countries. However, the semi-lab model outperformed the non-lab model and NCDRS prediction systems and might be worth being adopted as decision support in diabetes screening in China.
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| 7. |
- Xiang, Yusen, et al.
(författare)
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Ginkgolic acids inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and its variants by blocking the spike protein/ACE2 interplay
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. - : Elsevier. - 0141-8130 .- 1879-0003. ; 226, s. 780-792
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Targeting the interaction between the spike protein receptor binding domain (S-RBD) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, we still lack small-molecule drug candidates for this target due to the missing knowledge in the hot spots for the protein-protein interaction. Here, we used NanoBiT technology to identify three Ginkgolic acids from an in-house traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) library, and they interfere with the S-RBD/ACE2 interplay. Our pseudovirus assay showed that one of the compounds, Ginkgolic acid C17:1 (GA171), significantly inhibits the entry of original SARS-CoV-2 and its variants into the ACE2-overexpressed HEK293T cells. We investigated and proposed the binding sites of GA171 on S-RBD by combining molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Site-directed mutagenesis and surface plasmon resonance revealed that GA171 specifically binds to the pocket near R403 and Y505, critical residues of S-RBD for S-RBD interacting with ACE2. Thus, we provide structural insights into developing new small-molecule inhibitors and vaccines against the proposed S-RBD binding site.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Chai, Gaoda, et al.
(författare)
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Deciphering the Role of Chalcogen-Containing Heterocycles in Nonfullerene Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Energy Letters. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2380-8195. ; 5:11, s. 3415-3425
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The field of organic solar cells has experienced paradigm-shifting changes in recent years because of the emergence of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs). It is critically important to gain more insight into the structure-property relationship of the emerging A-DAD-A-type NFAs. In this Letter, a family of NFAs named BPF-4F, BPT-4F, and BPS-4F incorporating various chalcogen-containing heterocycles, i.e., furan, thiophene, and selenophene, respectively, was designed and synthesized. These NFAs exhibited dramatic differences in their photovoltaic performances with device efficiencies of 16.8% achieved by the thiophene-based cells, which was much higher than the furan-based ones (12.6%). In addition, the selenophene-based NFA showed a red-shifted absorption relative to the furan- and thiophene-based ones and obtained a decent efficiency of 16.3% owing to an improved J(SC). The reasons why these NFAs performed differently are systematically studied by comparing their optoelectronic properties and film morphology, which provides new understandings of the molecular design of high-performance NFAs.
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| 10. |
- Chen, L., et al.
(författare)
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Numerical investigations of wind and thermal environment in 2D scaled street canyons with various aspect ratios and solar wall heating
- 2021
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimizing urban ventilation is an effective way to improve urban air quality and thermal environment. For this purpose, under the validation of wind-tunnel experiments, flow regimes and micro thermal environment in typical reduced-canyon models with aspect ratios (AR) of 1.1, 2.4, 4 and 5.67 were investigated by CFD simulations using periodic boundary condition. ANSYS Fluent 15.0 with a solar ray tracing model and radiation model was performed to numerically study turbulence characteristics with wind-driven force and solar-heating conditions. Results revealed that, with wind-driven condition, a clockwise vortex existed in normal and deep street canyon (AR = 1.1 and 2.4) while two counter-rotating vortices appeared in extremely deep canyon (AR = 4 and 5.67). Moreover, different turbulence structures and air temperature distribution existed in canyons with different solar-heating conditions. When the leeward wall or ground was heated, the pedestrian-level velocity increased and street ventilation was strengthened compared to wind-driven condition for all AR values. Particularly, the single main vortex was strengthened (AR = 1.1 and 2.4), and the two-vortex structure in extremely deep canyons (AR = 4 and 5.67) changed to single-vortex structure. When the windward wall was heated, the clockwise main vortex at AR = 1.1 and 2.4 was deformed, and a new sub vortex gradually appeared near street bottom. Furthermore, at AR = 4 and 5.67, windward solar heating destroyed the two-vortex structure and slightly improved pollutant dilution capacity. This work implied that extremely deep street design with weak pedestrian-level ventilation should be avoided. It also provides a meaningful reference for urban planning.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Ehlers, Todd A., et al.
(författare)
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Past, present, and future geo-biosphere interactions on the Tibetan Plateau and implications for permafrost
- 2022
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Ingår i: Earth-Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-8252. ; 234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interactions between the atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere are most active in the critical zone, a region extending from the tops of trees to the top of unweathered bedrock. Changes in one or more of these spheres can result in a cascade of changes throughout the system in ways that are often poorly understood. Here we investigate how past and present climate change have impacted permafrost, hydrology, and ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau. We do this by compiling existing climate, hydrologic, cryosphere, biosphere, and geologic studies documenting change over decadal to glacial-interglacial timescales and longer. Our emphasis is on showing present-day trends in environmental change and how plateau ecosystems have largely flourished under warmer and wetter periods in the geologic past. We identify two future pathways that could lead to either a favorable greening or unfavorable degradation and desiccation of plateau ecosystems. Both paths are plausible given the available evidence. We contend that the key to which pathway future generations experience lies in what, if any, human intervention measures are implemented. We conclude with suggested management strategies that can be implemented to facilitate a future greening of the Tibetan Plateau.
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| 13. |
- Lin, Yuanyuan, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of the Reynolds number independence of cavity flow in 2D street canyons by wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Reynolds number independence (Re independence) criterion of Re > 11,000 is widely adopted to fulfill the dynamic similarity between the urban flow modeling and the down-scale measurements. However, for 2D street canyons with H/W ≥ 1.5, experiments, numerical simulations, and in-situ observations have reported different vortex-flow regimes with similar building configurations but at different scales. This study uses both wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations to revisit the Re-independent flow regimes and Re independence criteria with an extensive Re range for idealized 2D street canyons with various aspect ratios (H/W = 1.1, 2.4, 3, 4, and 5). We introduced an optimized ratio of relative changes (RRCs) to evaluate the flow regimes’ similarity. The wind tunnel experiment confirms that the cavity flow with H/W = 1.1 meets the Re independence when reference building Re (Reref) exceeds 11,000. Simulations validated by the experiment results are conducted to investigate detailed flow regimes and the critical Re (Rec) range for each aspect ratio. The canyons with H/W = 2.4, 3, and 4 are dominated by a single asymmetric vortex when the Re independence is satisfied, while there are two vertically-stacked counter-rotating vortices in the canyon with H/W = 5. The value range of Rec increases with aspect ratio from 1.9 × 104–2.6 × 104 (H/W = 2.4) to 1.3 × 105–2.1 × 105 (H/W = 3), and 2.1 × 106–6.4 × 106 (H/W = 4 and 5). Our results indicate that the fully Re-independent flow regimes in deep canyons have fewer vortices than the literature value with down-scale experiments and simulations. The variant Rec with different aspect ratios suggests the requirement to conduct the Re-independence test for different model configurations.
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| 14. |
- Xing, Hang, et al.
(författare)
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Impacts of changes in climate extremes on wildfire occurrences in China
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ecological Indicators. - 1470-160X. ; 157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change has caused more frequent instances of extreme climatic events around the world, being an influential factor on the occurrence of wildfires in China on large scale. However, the impact of changes in extreme climate on the occurrence of wildfires in different climate zones remains unclear. In the present study, 26 extreme climate indices were selected to analyze the thereof relationship with wildfire occurrences from 2005 to 2018 in different regions of China. Wildfires in China primarily occur in the south, with a measurable presence in the north. On an annual scale, the wildfire occurrences in southwestern China show stronger correlations with mean temperature than extreme temperature indices, but show stronger correlations with extreme precipitation indices than the total precipitation. On the contrary, the wildfire occurrences in southeastern China show stronger correlations with the total precipitation than extreme precipitation indices, but show stronger correlations with extreme temperature indices than the mean temperature. In Northeast China, wildfires show a more significant correlation with mean temperature than with any extreme climate indices, indicating a minimal impact from extreme climatic conditions. The fire-climate relationships in the main fire season (January-April) are similar to those in the annual scale. The wildfire occurrences in the southwestern, south-central, and southeastern China, which are located in the same latitudes, were affected by extreme climate indices of different types and on different time scales. Furthermore, we recommend that consecutive dry days (CDD) and diurnal temperature range (DTR) should be considered first when studying the relationship between wildfire occurrence and extreme climate in southwestern and southeastern China respectively.
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| 15. |
- Yuan, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding energetic disorder in electron-deficient-core-based non-fullerene solar cells
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science in China Series B. - : SCIENCE PRESS. - 1674-7291 .- 1869-1870. ; 63:8, s. 1159-1168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent advances in material design for organic solar cells (OSCs) are primarily focused on developing near-infrared non-fullerene acceptors, typically A-DA D-A type acceptors (where A abbreviates an electron-withdrawing moiety and D, an electron-donor moiety), to achieve high external quantum efficiency while maintaining low voltage loss. However, the charge transport is still constrained by unfavorable molecular conformations, resulting in high energetic disorder and limiting the device performance. Here, a facile design strategy is reported by introducing the "wing" (alkyl chains) at the terminal of the DA D central core of the A-DA D-A type acceptor to achieve a favorable and ordered molecular orientation and therefore facilitate charge carrier transport. Benefitting from the reduced disorder, the electron mobilities could be significantly enhanced for the "wing"-containing molecules. By carefully changing the length of alkyl chains, the mobility of acceptor has been tuned to match with that of donor, leading to a minimized charge imbalance factor and a high fill factor (FF). We further provide useful design strategies for highly efficient OSCs with high FF.
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| 16. |
- Zhao, Chaoyang, et al.
(författare)
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A massive expansion of effector genes underlies gall-formation in the wheat pest Mayetiola destructor
- 2015
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0445 .- 0960-9822. ; 25:5, s. 613-620
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gall-forming arthropods are highly specialized herbivores that, in combination with their hosts, produce extended phenotypes with unique morphologies [1]. Many are economically important, and others have improved our understanding of ecology and adaptive radiation [2]. However, the mechanisms that these arthropods use to induce plant galls are poorly understood. We sequenced the genome of the Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor; Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a plant parasitic gall midge and a pest of wheat (Triticum spp.), with the aim of identifying genic modifications that contribute to its plant-parasitic lifestyle. Among several adaptive modifications, we discovered an expansive reservoir of potential effector proteins. Nearly 5% of the 20,163 predicted gene models matched putative effector gene transcripts present in the M. destructor larval salivary gland. Another 466 putative effectors were discovered among the genes that have no sequence similarities in other organisms. The largest known arthropod gene family (family SSGP-71) was also discovered within the effector reservoir. SSGP-71 proteins lack sequence homologies to other proteins, but their structures resemble both ubiquitin E3 ligases in plants and E3-ligase-mimicking effectors in plant pathogenic bacteria. SSGP-71 proteins and wheat Skp proteins interact in vivo. Mutations in different SSGP-71 genes avoid the effector-triggered immunity that is directed by the wheat resistance genes H6 and H9. Results point to effectors as the agents responsible for arthropod-induced plant gall formation.
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| 17. |
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- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 96:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 18. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Search for Higgs bosons decaying to tau(+)tau(-) pairs in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 707:3-4, s. 323-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a search for the production of neutral Higgs bosons decaying into tau(+)tau(-) pairs in p (p) over bar collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb(-1), were collected by the DO experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We set upper limits at the 95% C.L. on the product of production cross section and branching ratio for a scalar resonance decaying into tau(+)tau(-) pairs, and we interpret these limits as limits on the production of Higgs bosons in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) and as constraints in the MSSM parameter space.
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| 19. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Search for scalar bottom quarks and third-generation leptoquarks in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 693:2, s. 95-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the results of a search for pair production of scalar bottom quarks ((b) over bar (1)) and scalar third-generation leptoquarks (LQ(3)) in 5.2 fb(-1) of p (p) over bar collisions at the D0 experiment of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. Scalar bottom quarks are assumed to decay to a neutralino ((chi) over bar (1)(0)) and a b quark, and we set 95% C.L. lower limits on their production in the (m((b) over bar1), m((chi) over bar 10)) mass plane such as m((b) over bar1) > 247 GeV for m(<(chi)over) (bar>10) = 0 and m((chi) over bar 10) > 110 GeV for 160 m(<(b) over bar1) < 200 GeV. The leptoquarks are assumed to decay to a tau neutrino and a b quark, and we set a 95% C.L. lower limit of 247 GeV on the mass of a charge-1/3 third-generation scalar leptoquark.
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| 20. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Search for the rare decay B-s(0) -> mu(+)mu(-)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 693:5, s. 539-544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results of a search for the flavor changing neutral current decay B-s(0) -> mu(+)mu(-) using 6.1 fb(-1) of p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV collected by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The observed number of B-s(0) candidates is consistent with background expectations. The resulting upper limit on the branching fraction is B(B-s(0) -> mu(+)mu(-)) < 5.1 x 10(-8) at the 95% C.L. This limit is a factor of 2.4 better than that of the previous DO analysis and the best limit to date. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 21. |
- Abd Nikooie Pour, Mina, et al.
(författare)
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Results of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative 2023
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Ontology Matching co-located with the 22nd International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2023), Athens, Greece, November 7, 2023.. - : CEUR Workshop Proceedings. ; , s. 97-139
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 22. |
- An, Junghwa, et al.
(författare)
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Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 October 2009-30 November 2009
- 2010
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology Resources. - : Wiley. - 1755-098X .- 1755-0998. ; 10:2, s. 404-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article documents the addition of 411 microsatellite marker loci and 15 pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acanthopagrus schlegeli, Anopheles lesteri, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus terreus, Branchiostoma japonicum, Branchiostoma belcheri, Colias behrii, Coryphopterus personatus, Cynogolssus semilaevis, Cynoglossus semilaevis, Dendrobium officinale, Dendrobium officinale, Dysoxylum malabaricum, Metrioptera roeselii, Myrmeciza exsul, Ochotona thibetana, Neosartorya fischeri, Nothofagus pumilio, Onychodactylus fischeri, Phoenicopterus roseus, Salvia officinalis L., Scylla paramamosain, Silene latifo, Sula sula, and Vulpes vulpes. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Aspergillus giganteus, Colias pelidne, Colias interior, Colias meadii, Colias eurytheme, Coryphopterus lipernes, Coryphopterus glaucofrenum, Coryphopterus eidolon, Gnatholepis thompsoni, Elacatinus evelynae, Dendrobium loddigesii Dendrobium devonianum, Dysoxylum binectariferum, Nothofagus antarctica, Nothofagus dombeyii, Nothofagus nervosa, Nothofagus obliqua, Sula nebouxii, and Sula variegata. This article also documents the addition of 39 sequencing primer pairs and 15 allele specific primers or probes for Paralithodes camtschaticus.
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| 23. |
- Cai, Lili, et al.
(författare)
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Ultra-Low Density Fibreboard with Improved Fire Retardance and Thermal Stability using a Novel Fire- Resistant Adhesive
- 2016
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Ingår i: BioResources. - : BioResources. - 1930-2126. ; 11:2, s. 5215-5229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel fire-resistant adhesive made from polyvinyl alcohol, urea, phosphoric acid, and starch was demonstrated for use as a binder and fire retardant to produce ultra-low density fibreboard (ULDF) with clear environmental benefits. The results from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of chemical bonding between fire- resistant adhesives and ULDFs. The limiting oxygen index (LOI), combustion behaviour, and thermal stability were characterized using a LOI text, cone calorimeter, and thermal analyzer, respectively. The results demonstrated that the LOI value of the fire-retardant ULDF can reach up to 34.2 with 300 mL of fire-resistant adhesive. It was established that the additive noticeably reduced the peak of heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke release of ULDF. Their morphologies after combustion were elucidated using a scanning electron microscope, and a char layer in the condensed phase was observed. Thermal analysis showed that the thermal stability of ULDF improved dramatically and the residual weight increased 4-fold, to 48.32%. Therefore, such ULDFs will be tremendously attractive as renewable, sustainable, and bio-based insulating materials.
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| 24. |
- Chen, Hang, et al.
(författare)
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GRP75 upregulates clathrin-independent endocytosis through actin cytoskeleton reorganization mediated by the concurrent activation of Cdc42 and RhoA
- 2016
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Ingår i: Experimental Cell Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4827. ; 343:2, s. 223-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Therapeutic macromolecules are internalized into the cell by either clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) or clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE). Although some chaperone proteins play an essential role in CME (e.g. Hsc70 in clathrin uncoating), relatively few of these proteins are functionally involved in CIE. We previously revealed a role for the mitochondrial chaperone protein GRP75 in heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG)-mediated, membrane raft-associated macromolecule endocytosis. However, the mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. In this study, using a mitochondrial signal peptide-directed protein trafficking expression strategy, we demonstrate that wild-type GRP75 expression enhanced the uptakes of HSPG and CIE marker cholera toxin B subunit but impaired the uptake of CME marker transferrin. The endocytosis regulation function of GRP75 is largely mediated by its subcellular location in mitochondria and is essentially determined by its ATPase domain. Interestingly, the mitochondrial expression of GRP75 or its ATPase domain significantly stimulates increases in both RhoA and Cdc42 activation, remarkably induces stress fibers and enhances filopodia formation, which collectively results in the promotion of CIE, but the inhibition of CME. Furthermore, silencing of Cdc42 or RhoA impaired the ability of GRP75 overexpression to increase CIE. Therefore, these results suggest that endocytosis vesicle enrichment of GRP75 by mitochondria trafficking upregulates CIE through an actin cytoskeleton reorganization mechanism mediated by the concurrent activation of Cdc42 and RhoA. This finding provides novel insight into organelle-derived chaperone signaling and the regulation of different endocytosis pathways in cells.
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| 25. |
- Chen, Hang, et al.
(författare)
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Modulating Carrier Kinetics in BiVO4 Photoanodes through Molecular Co4O4 Cubane Layers
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 33:48
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the role and immobilization of molecular catalysts on photoelectrodes is essential to use their full potential for efficient solar fuel generation. Here, a CoII4O4 cubane with proven catalytic performance and an active H2O─Co2(OR)2─OH2 edge-site moiety is immobilized on BiVO4 photoanodes through a versatile layer-by-layer assembly strategy. This delivers a photocurrent of 3.3 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE and prolonged stability. Tuning the thickness of the Co4O4 layer has remarkable effects on photocurrents, dynamic open circuit potentials, and charge carrier behavior. Comprehensive-time and frequency-dependent perturbation techniques are employed to investigate carrier kinetics in transient and pseudo-steady-state operando conditions. It is revealed that the Co4O4 layer can prolong carrier lifetime, unblock kinetic limitations at the interface by suppressing recombination, and enhance charge transfer. Additionally, its flexible roles are identified as passivation/hole trapping/catalytic layer at respective lower/moderate/higher potentials. These competing functions are under dynamic equilibrium, which fundamentally defines the observed photocurrent trends.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Chen, Jun‐Tong, et al.
(författare)
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An updated classification for the hyper‐diverse genus Corydalis (Papaveraceae: Fumarioideae) based on phylogenomic and morphological evidence
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1672-9072 .- 1744-7909. ; 65:9, s. 2138-2156
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genus Corydalis, with ca. 530 species, has long been considered taxonomically challenging because of its great variability. Previous molecular analyses, based on a few molecular markers and incomplete taxonomic sampling, were clearly inadequate to delimit sections and subgenera. We have performed phylogenetic analyses of Corydalis and related taxa, using 65 shared protein-coding plastid genes from 313 accessions (including 280 samples of ca. 226 species of Corydalis) and 152 universal low-copy nuclear genes from 296 accessions (including 271 samples of Corydalis) covering all 42 previously recognized sections and five independent “series”. Phylogenetic trees were inferred using Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood. Eight selected morphological characters were estimated using ancestral state reconstructions. Results include: (i) of the three subgenera of Corydalis, two are fully supported by both the plastid and nuclear data; the third, subg. Cremnocapnos, is weakly supported by plastid DNA only, whereas in the nuclear data the two included sections form successive outgroups to the rest of the genus; (ii) among all 42 sections and five “series”, 25 sections and one “series” are resolved as monophyletic in both data sets; (iii) the common ancestor of Corydalis is likely to be a perennial plant with a taproot, yellow flowers with a short saccate spur, linear fruits with recurved fruiting pedicels, and seeds with elaiosomes; (iv) we provide a new classification of Corydalis with four subgenera (of which subg. Bipapillatae is here newly described), 39 sections, 16 of which are consistent with the previous classification, 16 sections have been recircumscribed, one section has been reinstated and six new sections are established. Characters associated with lifespan, underground structures, floral spur, fruit and elaiosomes are important for the recognition of subgenera and sections. These new phylogenetic analyses combined with ancestral character reconstructions uncovered previously unrecognized relationships, and greatly improved our understanding of the evolution of the genus.
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| 28. |
- Chen, Lan, et al.
(författare)
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The impacts of building height variations and building packing densities on flow adjustment and city breathability in idealized urban models
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 118, s. 344-361
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improving city breathability has been confirmed as one feasible measure to improve pollutant dilution in the urban canopy layer (UCL). Building height variability enhances vertical mixing, but its impacts remain not completely explored. Therefore, both wind tunnel experiments and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations are used to investigate the effect of building height variations (six height standard deviations σH = 0%–77.8%) associated to building packing densities namely λp/λf = 0.25/0.375 (medium-density) and 0.44/0.67 (compact) on city breathability. Two bulk variables (i.e. the in-canopy velocity (UC) and exchange velocity (UE)) are adopted to quantify the horizontal and vertical city breathability respectively, which are normalized by the reference velocity (Uref) in the free flow, typically set at z = 2.5H0 where H0 is the mean building height. Both flow quantities and city breathability experience a flow adjustment process, then reach a balance. The adjustment distance is at least three times longer than four rows documented in previous literature. The medium-density arrays experience much larger UC and UE than the compact ones. UE is found mainly induced by vertical turbulent fluxes, instead of vertical mean flows. In height-variation cases, taller buildings experience larger drag force and city breathability than lower buildings and those in uniform-height cases. For medium-density and compact models with uniform height, the balanced UC/Uref are 0.124 and 0.105 respectively, moreover the balanced UE/Uref are 0.0078 and 0.0065. In contrast, the average UC/Uref in height-variation cases are larger (115.3%–139.5% and 125.7%–141.9% of uniform-height cases) but UE/Uref are smaller (74.4%–79.5% and 61.5%–86.2% of uniform-height cases) for medium-density and compact models.
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| 29. |
- Chen, Lan, et al.
(författare)
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The Influence of Building Packing Densities on Flow Adjustment and City Breathability in Urban-like Geometries
- 2017
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Ingår i: Procedia Engineering. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1877-7058. ; 198, s. 758-769
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- City breathability refers to the air exchange process between the flows above and within urban canopy layers (UCL) and that of in-canopy flow, measuring the potential of wind to remove and dilute pollutants, heat and other scalars in a city. Bulk flow parameters such as in-canopy velocity (Uc) and exchange velocity (UE) have been applied to evaluate the city breathability. Both wind tunnel experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to study the flow adjustment and the variation of city breathability through urban-like models with different building packing densities. We experimentally studied some 25-row and 15-column aligned cubic building arrays (the building width B=72 mm and building heights H=B) in a closed-circuit boundary layer wind tunnel. Effect of building packing densities (λp=λf=0.11, 0.25, 0.44) on flow adjustment and drag force of each buildings were measured. Wind tunnel data show that wind speed decreases quickly through building arrays due to strong building drag. The first upstream building induces the strongest flow resistance. The flow adjustment length varies slightly with building packing densities. Larger building packing density produces lower drag force by individual buildings and attains smaller velocity in urban canopy layers, which causes weaker city breathability capacity. In CFD simulations, we performed seven test cases with various building packing densities of λp=λf=0.0625, 0.11, 0.25, 0.36, 0.44 and 0.56. In the cases of λp=λf=0.11, 0.25, 0.44, the simulated profiles of velocity and drag force agree with experiment data well. We computed Uc and UE, which represent horizontal and vertical ventilation capacity respectively. The inlet velocity at 2.5 times building height in the upstream free flow is defined as the reference velocity Uref. Results show that UE/Uref changes slightly (1.1% to 0.7%) but Uc/Uref significantly decreases from 0.4 to 0.1 as building packing densities rise from 0.0625 to 0.56. Although UE is induced by both mean flows and turbulent momentum flux across the top surface of urban canopy, vertical turbulent diffusion is found to contribute mostly to UE.
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| 30. |
- Chen, Qingguo, et al.
(författare)
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Preparation and properties of Ce0.5Nd0.5PO4 monazite ceramics by pressureless sintering and spark plasma sintering (SPS)
- 2024
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Ingår i: Ceramics International. - : Elsevier. - 0272-8842 .- 1873-3956. ; 50:12, s. 20803-20810
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- LnPO4·nH2O rhabdophane/monazite is an important actinide-bearing material in the back end of the nuclear fuel cycle. In this work, using Nd3+ to simulate trivalent actinides, Ce0.5Nd0.5PO4·0.667H2O rhabdophane was synthesized by the wet-chemistry method in 90 °C and pH = 1 solution. The sintering behavior of associated Ce0.5Nd0.5PO4 monazite ceramics was investigated by pressureless sintering and spark plasma sintering (SPS), along with appraising their chemical stability. The results reveal that Ce3+ is successfully replaced by Nd3+ in the rhabdophane lattice, and rhabdophane can transform to monazite with a temperature over 750 °C. SPS can compact the ceramic sample at a lower temperature compared to pressureless sintering even if the grain size is smaller. Adding a pre-sintering process of 900 °C before SPS and pressureless sintering will further improve the density and Vickers hardness of ceramics. For the chemical stability of Ce0.5Nd0.5PO4 monazite ceramics, Ce is more likely to be leached compared to Nd, and the ceramics prepared by SPS with a pre-sintering process have the lowest normalized leaching rates, associated with the values of 2.03 × 10−5 g·m−2·d−1 and 0.75 × 10−5 g·m−2·d−1 for Ce and Nd, respectively.
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| 31. |
- Chen, Zhipeng, et al.
(författare)
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Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship of N-Aryl-N'-(thiophen-2-yl) thiourea Derivatives as Novel and Specific Human TLR1/2 Agonists for Potential Cancer Immunotherapy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - Washington, DC : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 64:11, s. 7371-7389
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The previous virtual screening of ten million compounds yielded two novel nonlipopeptide-like chemotypes as TLR2 agonists. Herein, we present the chemical optimization of our initial hit, 1-phenyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl) urea, which resulted in the identification of SMU-C80 (EC50 = 31.02 ± 1.01 nM) as a TLR2-specific agonist with a 370-fold improvement in bioactivity. Mechanistic studies revealed that SMU-C80, through TLR1/2, recruits the adaptor protein MyD88 and triggers the NF-κB pathway to release cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β from human, but not murine, cells. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first species-specific TLR1/2 agonist reported until now. Moreover, SMU-C80 increased the percentage of T, B, and NK cells ex vivo and activated the immune cells, which suppressed cancer cell growth in vitro. In summary, we obtained a highly efficient and specific human TLR1/2 agonist that acts through the MyD88 and NF-κB pathway, facilitating cytokine release and the simultaneous activation of immune cells that in turn affects the apoptosis of cancer cells. © 2021 American Chemical Society
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| 32. |
- Cheng, Ran, et al.
(författare)
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In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of C-11-Labeled Azetidinecarboxylates for Imaging Monoacylglycerol Lipase by PET Imaging Studies
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 61:6, s. 2278-2291
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the principle enzyme for metabolizing endogenous cannabinoid ligand 2-arachidonoyglycerol (2-AG). Blockade of MAGL increases 2-AG levels, resulting in subsequent activation of the endocannabinoid system, and has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy to treat drug addiction, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. Herein we report a new series of MAGL inhibitors, which were radiolabeled by site-specific labeling technologies, including C-11-carbonylation and spirocyclic iodonium ylide (SCIDY) radio fluorination. The lead compound [C-11]10 (MAGL-0519) demonstrated high specific binding and selectivity in vitro and in vivo. We also observed unexpected washout kinetics with these irreversible radiotracers, in which in vivo evidence for turnover of the covalent residue was unveiled between MAGL and azetidine carboxylates. This work may lead to new directions for drug discovery and PET tracer development based on azetidine carboxylate inhibitor scaffold.
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| 33. |
- De La Fuente Durán, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Origins of hydrogen peroxide selectivity during oxygen reduction on organic mixed ionic-electronic conducting polymers
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Energy and Environmental Sciences. - 1754-5692 .- 1754-5706. ; 16:11, s. 5409-5422
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrochemical reduction of atmospheric oxygen provides carbon emission-free pathways for the generation of electricity from chemical fuels and for the distributed production of green chemical oxidants like hydrogen peroxide. Recently, organic mixed ionic-electronic conducting polymers (OMIECs) have been reported as a new class of active electrode materials for the oxygen reduction reaction. This work sets out to identify the operative oxygen reduction mechanism of OMIECs through a multi-faceted experimental and theoretical approach. Using a combination of pH-dependent electrochemical characterization, operando UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy, and ab initio calculations, we find that the n-type OMIEC, p(NDI-T2 P75), displays pH-dependent activity for the selective reduction of oxygen to the 2-electron hydrogen peroxide product. We use microkinetic simulations of the electrochemical behavior to rationalize our experimental observations through a polaron-mediated, non-adsorptive pathway involving chemical reduction of oxygen to the 1-electron superoxide intermediate followed by pH-dependent catalytic disproportionation to hydrogen peroxide. Finally, this pathway is applied to understand the experimental oxygen reduction reactivity across several n- and p-type OMIECs.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Ding, Haoming, et al.
(författare)
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Progress in Structural Tailoring and Properties of Ternary Layered Ceramics
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Inorganic Materials. - : SCIENCE PRESS. - 1000-324X. ; 38:8, s. 845-884
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- MAX/MAB phases are a series of non-van der Waals ternary layered ceramic materials with a hexagonal structure, rich in elemental composition and crystal structure, and embody physical properties of both ceramics and metals. They exhibit great potential for applications in extreme environments such as high temperature, strong corrosion, and irradiation. In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials derived from the MAX/MAB phase (MXene and MBene) have attracted enormous interest in the fields of materials physics and materials chemistry and become a new 2D van der Waals material after graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides. Therefore, structural modulation of MAX/MAB phase materials is essential for understanding the intrinsic properties of this broad class of layered ceramics and for investigating the functional properties of their derived structures. In this paper, we summarize new developments in MAX/MAB phases in recent years in terms of structural modulation, theoretical calculation, and fundamental application research and provide an outlook on the key challenges and prospects for the future development of these layered materials.
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| 36. |
- Fei, Yiqiu, et al.
(författare)
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Role of prebiotics in enhancing the function of next-generation probiotics in gut microbiota
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 1040-8398 .- 1549-7852. ; 63:8, s. 1037-1054
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the development of high-throughput DNA sequencing and molecular analysis technologies, next-generation probiotics (NGPs) are increasingly gaining attention as live bacterial therapeutics for treatment of diseases. However, compared to traditional probiotics, NGPs are much more vulnerable to the harsh conditions in the human gastrointestinal tract, and their functional mechanisms in the gut are more complex. Prebiotics have been confirmed to play a critical role in improving the function and viability of traditional probiotics. Defined as substrates that are selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit, prebiotics are also important for NGPs. This review summarizes potential prebiotics for use with NGPs and clarifies their characteristics and functional mechanisms. Then we particularly focus on illustrating the protective effects of various prebiotics by enhancing the antioxidant capacity and their resistance to digestive fluids. We also elucidate the role of prebiotics in regulating anti-bacterial effects, intestinal barrier maintenance, and cross-feeding mechanisms of NPGs. With the expanding range of candidate NGPs and prebiotic substrates, more studies need to be conducted to comprehensively elucidate the interactions between prebiotics and NGPs outside and inside hosts, in order to boost their nutritional and healthcare applications.
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| 37. |
- Fei, Yiqiu, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Dihydroresveratrol in Enhancing the Synergistic Effect of Ligilactobacillus salivarius Li01 and Resveratrol in Ameliorating Colitis in Mice
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Research. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2096-5168 .- 2639-5274. ; 2022
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Currently approved therapeutical strategies for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) suffer from variable efficacy and association with risk of serious side effects. Therefore, efforts have been made in searching for alternative therapeutics strategies utilizing gut microbiota manipulation. In this study, we show that the probiotic strain Ligilactobacillus salivarius Li01 (Li01) and the phytochemical prebiotic resveratrol (RSV) have synergistic effect in ameliorating colitis in mice. Oral coadministration of Li01 (10(9) CFU/d) and RSV (1.5 g/kg/d) promoted restoration of various inflammatory injuries and gut microbiota composition, exhibiting a favorable anti-inflammatory effect in DSS-induced colitis mice. The combination treatment was associated with reductions in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and IL-6 and increases in the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-17A in mouse serum. Moreover, the combination treatment was found to alter the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota, especially influencing the production of short chain fatty acids and anti-inflammatory related molecules. The mechanism underlying the improved anti-inflammatory effect from the RSV and Li01 combination treatment was found to be associated with the environmental sensor mammalian aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and tryptophan metabolism pathway. Administration of RSV in combination with Li01 in different mouse model led to enhanced conversion of RSV into metabolites, including dihydroresveratrol (DHR), resveratrol-sulfate, and resveratrol-glucuronide. DHR was found to be the dominant metabolite of RSV in conventional and colitis mice. An increased DHR/RSV ratio was confirmed to activate AHR and contribute to an enhanced anti-inflammatory effect. DHR is considered as a potential AHR ligand. The DHR/RSV ratio also affected the serotonin pathway by controlling the expression of Tph1, SERT, and 5-HT7R leading to amelioration of colitis in mice. Our data suggest that treatment with a combination of Li01 and RSV has potential as a therapeutic strategy for IBD; further investigation of this combination in clinical settings is warranted.
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| 38. |
- Gao, Zhihui, et al.
(författare)
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Mitochondria chaperone GRP75 moonlighting as a cell cycle controller to derail endocytosis provides an opportunity for nanomicrosphere intracellular delivery
- 2017
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Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 8:35, s. 58536-58552
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding how cancer cells regulate endocytosis during the cell cycle could lead us to capitalize this event pharmacologically. Although certain endocytosis pathways are attenuated during mitosis, the endocytosis shift and regulation during the cell cycle have not been well clarified. The conventional concept of glucose-regulated proteins (GRPs) as protein folding chaperones was updated by discoveries that translocated GRPs assume moonlighting functions that modify the immune response, regulate viral release, and control intracellular trafficking. In this study, GRP75, a mitochondria matrix chaperone, was discovered to be highly expressed in mitotic cancer cells. Using synchronized cell models and the GRP75 gene knockdown and ectopic overexpression strategy, we showed that: (1) clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) was inhibited whereas clathrinindependent endocytosis (CIE) was unchanged or even up-regulated in the cell cycle M-phase; (2) GRP75 inhibited CME but promoted CIE in the M-phase, which is largely due to its high expression in cancer cell mitochondria; (3) GRP75 targeting by its small molecular inhibitor MKT-077 enhanced cell cycle G1 phase-privileged CME, which provides an opportunity for intracellular delivery of nanomicrospheres sized from 40 nm to 100 nm. Together, our results revealed that GRP75 moonlights as a cell cycle controller and endocytosis regulator in cancer cells, and thus has potential as a novel interference target for nanoparticle drugs delivery into dormant cancer cells.
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| 39. |
- Hang, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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City breathability in medium density urban-like geometries evaluated through the pollutant transport rate and the net escape velocity
- 2015
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 94:P1, s. 166-182
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates pollutant removal at pedestrian level in urban canopy layer (UCL) models of medium packing density (λp = λf = 0.25) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Urban size, building height variations, wind direction and uniform wall heating are investigated. The standard and RNG k-ε turbulence models, validated against wind tunnel data, are used. The contribution of mean flows and turbulent diffusion in removing pollutants at pedestrian level is quantified by three indicators: the net escape velocity (NEV), the pollutant transport rate (PTR) across UCL boundaries and their contribution ratios (CR).Results show that under parallel approaching wind, after a wind-adjustment region, a fully-developed region develops. Longer urban models attain smaller NEV due to pollutant accumulation. Specifically, for street-scale models (~100 m), most pollutants are removed out across leeward street openings and the dilution by horizontal mean flows contributes mostly to NEV. For neighbourhood-scale models (~1 km), both horizontal mean flows and turbulent diffusion contribute more to NEV than vertical mean flows which instead produce significant pollutant re-entry across street roofs. In contrast to uniform height, building height variations increase the contribution of vertical mean flows, but only slightly influence NEV. Finally, flow conditions with parallel wind and uniform wall heating attain larger NEV than oblique wind and isothermal condition.The paper proves that by analysing the values of the three indicators it is possible to form maps of urban breathability according to prevailing wind conditions and known urban morphology that can be of easy use for planning purposes.
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| 40. |
- Jia, Kai-Hua, et al.
(författare)
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Chromosome-scale assembly and evolution of the tetraploid Salvia splendens (Lamiaceae) genome
- 2021
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Ingår i: Horticulture Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2052-7276 .- 2662-6810. ; 8:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polyploidization plays a key role in plant evolution, but the forces driving the fate of homoeologs in polyploid genomes, i.e., paralogs resulting from a whole-genome duplication (WGD) event, remain to be elucidated. Here, we present a chromosome-scale genome assembly of tetraploid scarlet sage (Salvia splendens), one of the most diverse ornamental plants. We found evidence for three WGD events following an older WGD event shared by most eudicots (the γ event). A comprehensive, spatiotemporal, genome-wide analysis of homoeologs from the most recent WGD unveiled expression asymmetries, which could be associated with genomic rearrangements, transposable element proximity discrepancies, coding sequence variation, selection pressure, and transcription factor binding site differences. The observed differences between homoeologs may reflect the first step toward sub- and/or neofunctionalization. This assembly provides a powerful tool for understanding WGD and gene and genome evolution and is useful in developing functional genomics and genetic engineering strategies for scarlet sage and other Lamiaceae species.
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| 41. |
- Jiang, Bing-Xin, et al.
(författare)
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Fabrication and bonding of In bumps on Micro-LED with 8 μ m pixel pitch
- 2024
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Ingår i: ENGINEERING RESEARCH EXPRESS. - 2631-8695. ; 6:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indium (In) is currently used to fabricate metal bumps on micro-light-emitting diode (Micro-LED) chips due to its excellent physical properties. However, as Micro-LED pixel size and pitch decrease, achieving high-quality In bumps on densely packed Micro-LED chips often presents more challenges. This paper describes the process of fabricating In bumps on micro-LEDs using thermal evaporation, highlighting an issue where In tends to grow laterally within the photoresist pattern, ultimately blocking the pattern and resulting in undersized and poorly dense In bumps on the Micro-LED chip. To address this issue, we conducted numerous experiments to study the height variation of In bumps within a range of photoresist aperture sizes (3 mu m -7 mu m) under two different resist thickness conditions (3.8 mu m and 4.8 mu m). The results showed that the resist thickness had a certain effect on the height of In bumps on the Micro-LED chip electrodes. Moreover, we found that, with the photoresist pattern size increasing under constant resist thickness conditions, the height and quality of the bumps significantly improved. Based on this finding, we rationalized the adjustment of the photoresist pattern size within a limited emission platform range to compensate for the height difference of In bumps caused by different resist thicknesses between the cathode and anode regions. Consequently, well-shaped and dense In bumps with a maximum height of up to 4.4 mu m were fabricated on 8 mu m pitch Micro-LED chips. Afterwards, we bonded the Micro-LED chip with indium bumps to the CMOS chip, and we found that we could successfully control the CMOS chip to drive the Micro-LED chip to display specific characters through the Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC). This work is of significant importance for the fabrication of In bumps on Micro-LED chips with pitches below 10 mu m and subsequent bonding processes.
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| 42. |
- Jiang, Linhai, et al.
(författare)
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Controlled Synthesis of CeO2/Graphene Nanocomposites with Highly Enhanced Optical and Catalytic Properties
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 116:21, s. 11741-11745
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, CeO2 nanocubes with the (200)-terminated surface/graphene sheet composites have been prepared successfully by a simple hydrothermal method. It is found that the CeO2 nanocubes with high crystallinity and specific exposed surface are well dispersed on well-exfoliated graphene surface. The (200)-terminated surface/graphene sheet composites modified electrode showed much higher sensitivity and excellent selectivity in its catalytic performance compared to a CeO2 nanoparticle-modified electrode. The photoluminescence intensity of the CeO2 anchored on graphene is about 30 times higher than that of pristine CeO2 crystals in air. The higher oxygen vacancy concentration in CeO2 is supposed to be an important cause for the higher photoluminescence and better electrochemical catalytic performance observed in the (200)-terminated surface/graphene sheet composites. Such ingenious design of supported well-dispersed catalysts in nanostructured ceria catalysts, synthesized in one step with an exposed high-activity surface, is important for technical applications and theoretical investigations.
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| 43. |
- Lin, Zhipeng, et al.
(författare)
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Electrocatalyzed direct arene alkenylations without directing groups for selective late-stage drug diversification
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrochemistry has emerged as an increasingly viable tool in molecular synthesis. Here the authors realize electrocatalyzed C-H activations, with the aid of data science and artificial intelligence, towards selective alkenylations for late-stage drug diversifications. Electrooxidation has emerged as an increasingly viable platform in molecular syntheses that can avoid stoichiometric chemical redox agents. Despite major progress in electrochemical C-H activations, these arene functionalizations generally require directing groups to enable the C-H activation. The installation and removal of these directing groups call for additional synthesis steps, which jeopardizes the inherent efficacy of the electrochemical C-H activation approach, leading to undesired waste with reduced step and atom economy. In sharp contrast, herein we present palladium-electrochemical C-H olefinations of simple arenes devoid of exogenous directing groups. The robust electrocatalysis protocol proved amenable to a wide range of both electron-rich and electron-deficient arenes under exceedingly mild reaction conditions, avoiding chemical oxidants. This study points to an interesting approach of two electrochemical transformations for the success of outstanding levels of position-selectivities in direct olefinations of electron-rich anisoles. A physical organic parameter-based machine learning model was developed to predict position-selectivity in electrochemical C-H olefinations. Furthermore, late-stage functionalizations set the stage for the direct C-H olefinations of structurally complex pharmaceutically relevant compounds, thereby avoiding protection and directing group manipulations.
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| 44. |
- Liu, Junwei, et al.
(författare)
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Polymer synergy for efficient hole transport in solar cells and photodetectors
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Energy & Environmental Science. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 1754-5692 .- 1754-5706.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hole transport materials (HTMs) have greatly advanced the progress of solution-based electronic devices in the past few years. Nevertheless, most devices employing dopant-free organic HTMs can only deliver inferior performance. In this work, we introduced a novel "polymer synergy" strategy to develop versatile dopant-free polymer HTMs for quantum dot/perovskite solar cells and photodetectors. With this synergy strategy, the optical, electrical and aggregation properties of polymer HTMs can be modulated, resulting in complementary absorption, high hole mobility, favorable energy landscape and moderate aggregation. Moreover, a clear orientational transition was observed for the developed HTMs with a 9-fold increase in the face-on/edge-on ratio, providing a highway-like carrier transport for electronic devices, as revealed by in situ characterization and ultrafast transient absorption. With these benefits, the photovoltaic and photodetection performance of quantum dot devices were boosted from 11.8% to 13.5% and from 2.95 x 10(12) to 3.41 x 10(13) Jones (over a 10-fold increase), respectively. Furthermore, the developed polymer HTMs can also significantly enhance the photovoltaic and photodetection performance of perovskite devices from 15.1% to 22.7% and from 2.7 x 10(12) to 2.17 x 10(13)Jones with the same device structure, indicating their great application potential in the emerging optoelectronics.
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| 45. |
- Liu, Sida, et al.
(författare)
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Improved CO2 separation performance of aqueous choline-glycine solution by partially replacing water with polyethylene glycol
- 2019
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Ingår i: Fluid Phase Equilibria. - : Elsevier. - 0378-3812 .- 1879-0224. ; 495, s. 12-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aqueous choline-glycine ([Cho][Gly]) solution is a potential candidate for CO2separation owing to its excellent absorption performance and biodegradability. Moreover, the aqueous solution is easy to volatilize at high temperatures. In this work, H2O was partially replaced with polyethylene glycol (PEG200) and the effect of PEG200 on the CO2 separation performance in [Cho][Gly])/H2O was investigated. The viscosity of [Cho][Gly]/H2O/PEG200 and CO2 solubility in the solution were determined experimentally in the temperature range 308.15–338.15 K at pressures ≤6.5 bar. Further, the measured CO2 solubility was fitted with the reaction equilibrium thermodynamic model and the CO2 desorption enthalpy was estimated. The regeneration performance of [Cho][Gly]/H2O/PEG200 was also evaluated. The results revealed that [Cho][Gly]/H2O/PEG200 has a low CO2desorption enthalpy and high regeneration efficiency. Particularly, [Cho][Gly]/H2O/PEG200 with 30 wt% PEG200 has a high regeneration efficiency of 95%. Owing to its physical-chemical properties and CO2 separation performance, [Cho][Gly]/H2O/PEG200 shows great potential as an absorbent for CO2 separation.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Qi, Wen, et al.
(författare)
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Multimodal data fusion framework enhanced robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery
- 2022
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Ingår i: Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control. - : SAGE Publications. - 0142-3312 .- 1477-0369. ; 44:4, s. 735-743
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The generous application of robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RAMIS) promotes human-machine interaction (HMI). Identifying various behaviors of doctors can enhance the RAMIS procedure for the redundant robot. It bridges intelligent robot control and activity recognition strategies in the operating room, including hand gestures and human activities. In this paper, to enhance identification in a dynamic situation, we propose a multimodal data fusion framework to provide multiple information for accuracy enhancement. Firstly, a multi-sensors based hardware structure is designed to capture varied data from various devices, including depth camera and smartphone. Furthermore, in different surgical tasks, the robot control mechanism can shift automatically. The experimental results evaluate the efficiency of developing the multimodal framework for RAMIS by comparing it with a single sensor system. Implementing the KUKA LWR4+ in a surgical robot environment indicates that the surgical robot systems can work with medical staff in the future.
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| 48. |
- Ren, Sa, et al.
(författare)
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Phaseoleae
- 2010
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Ingår i: Flora of China. - Beijing : Science Press. - 9781930723917 ; , s. 196-261
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 49. |
- Xie, Shijie, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling description of interface shear deformation : A theoretical study on damage statistical distributions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Construction and Building Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-0618 .- 1879-0526. ; 394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The shear constitutive model is important for the analysis of the interface shear deformation mechanism. In this study, five statistical distributions, including four that have never been applied in interface shear deformation, are introduced to describe the damage evolution of the interface. The corresponding statistical damage constitutive models are developed, and they have been validated using a series of experimental data (both laboratory and in-situ tests) at the rock-concrete interface. The comparison results with laboratory data show that the Mitscherlich model has the lowest prediction accuracy. By comparing with in-situ data, the Weibull model shows the best-predicted performance. Based on the Akaike information criterion metric, the Morgan-Mercer-Flodin (MMF) model performs much better than the other models in the laboratory tests, which indicates the MMF model can be introduced for a comprehensive analysis of interface shear deformation. In addition, the similarities between the MMF model and the Weibull model are found through the canonical transformation of the MMF model. And the analysis of the two unknown parameters of the MMF model shows that they are related to the yield characteristics and strength characteristics of the interface, respectively. Based on the damage variable evolution, the shear deformation of the interface can be divided into three phases, i.e., damage initiation phase, damage acceleration phase and damage slowing phase. And the parameters of the MMF model have an important influence on the damage variable curves.
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| 50. |
- Xie, Shijie, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of shear strength of rock fractures using support vector regression and grid search optimization
- 2023
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Ingår i: Materials Today Communications. - : ELSEVIER. - 2352-4928. ; 36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The shear strength of rock fractures serves as a crucial control on the strength and deformation behavior of engineering rock masses. To reduce the uncertainties in the shear strength evaluation, a hybrid machine learning model (GS-SVR model) of the support vector regression (SVR) underpinned by the grid search optimization algorithm (GS) was proposed. It achieves the prediction of shear strength by generalization and deduction of a large amount of data on rock fracture parameters, which avoids the complex derivation of theoretical equations. For practical application, a dataset comprising more than 134 shear tests on various rocks was compiled to collect the relevant three-dimensional morphological and mechanical parameters for training and prediction. Three classical shear strength models and the original SVR model were introduced for further comparison. Finally, sensitivity analysis was carried out to explore the relative importance of input variables to the shear strength. The results showed that the GS-SVR model (correlation coefficient R2 = 0.984, root mean squared error RMSE=0.383) outperformed the original SVR model (R2 = 0.936, RMSE=0.568). Moreover, compared with three classical shear strength models, the prediction results of the GS-SVR model were also most consistent with the experimental results (with the lowest RMSE and the highest R2). This machine learning model enhanced by GS can be used as a reliable and accurate shear strength prediction tool to partially replace laboratory tests to save costs.
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