| 1. |
- Kristanl, Matej, et al.
(author)
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The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results
- 2019
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In: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 2. |
- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(author)
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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
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In: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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| 3. |
- Chen, Gefei, et al.
(author)
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Molecular basis for different substrate-binding sites and chaperone functions of the BRICHOS domain
- 2024
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In: Protein Science. - : Wiley. - 0961-8368 .- 1469-896X. ; 33:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Proteins can misfold into fibrillar or amorphous aggregates and molecular chaperones act as crucial guardians against these undesirable processes. The BRICHOS chaperone domain, found in several otherwise unrelated proproteins that contain amyloidogenic regions, effectively inhibits amyloid formation and toxicity but can in some cases also prevent non-fibrillar, amorphous protein aggregation. Here, we elucidate the molecular basis behind the multifaceted chaperone activities of the BRICHOS domain from the Bri2 proprotein. High-confidence AlphaFold2 and RoseTTAFold predictions suggest that the intramolecular amyloidogenic region (Bri23) is part of the hydrophobic core of the proprotein, where it occupies the proposed amyloid binding site, explaining the markedly reduced ability of the proprotein to prevent an exogenous amyloidogenic peptide from aggregating. However, the BRICHOS-Bri23 complex maintains its ability to form large polydisperse oligomers that prevent amorphous protein aggregation. A cryo-EM-derived model of the Bri2 BRICHOS oligomer is compatible with surface-exposed hydrophobic motifs that get exposed and come together during oligomerization, explaining its effects against amorphous aggregation. These findings provide a molecular basis for the BRICHOS chaperone domain function, where distinct surfaces are employed against different forms of protein aggregation.
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| 4. |
- Chen, Zihan, et al.
(author)
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Design of Compact Passive Tag Antenna for Practical RFID Applications
- 2014
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In: PIERS 2014 GUANGZHOU. - : ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD. - 9781934142288 ; , s. 680-685
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The communication quality between an RFID tag and a reader in a RFID network, especially the parameters of the passive tag antenna such as reading range, directivity and return loss, is affected by several factors from the environment. For practical RFID application, since the environment is complex and volatile, these factors include metallic surface of products, absorptions and impacts from neighbor tag antennas like scattering and mutual coupling. In this paper, it consists of the analysis of impacts caused by these factors and the design of passive tag antennas with resonant frequency 915 MHz able to be used in practical RFID applications against those impacts. Comparing with former ones, the proposed antenna reduces the size of the tag antenna to approximately commercial standard (18 mm x 48 mm x 3 mm) by using certain structures applied in the unit cell of metamaterial or HIS, while the properties including directivity, return loss and input impedance are still appropriate for RFID applications. Simulation results from HFSS indicates that at 915 MHz, the return loss can be about 21 dB, as most of the power can be radiated into the space towards the receiver. Meanwhile, the input impedance Z(0) = 9.4738 + j143.9189 Omega, perfectly matching the impedance of the RFID chip placed on the top surface of the antenna. The above improved parameters play an important role in prolonging the reading range.
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| 5. |
- Huang, Zhao, et al.
(author)
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Preparation of gold nanoparticles via anodic stripping of copper underpotential deposition in bulk gold electrodeposition for high-performance electrochemical sensing of bisphenol a
- 2023
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In: Molecules. - : MDPI. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 28:24
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bisphenol A is one of the most widely used industrial compounds. Over the years, it has raised severe concern as a potential hazard to the human endocrine system and the environment. Developing robust and easy-to-use sensors for bisphenol A is important in various areas, such as controlling and monitoring water purification and sewage water systems, food safety monitoring, etc. Here, we report an electrochemical method to fabricate a bisphenol A (BPA) sensor based on a modified Au nanoparticles/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composite electrocatalyst electrode (AuCu-UPD/MWCNTs/GCE). Firstly, the Au-Cu alloy was prepared via a convenient and controllable Cu underpotential/bulk Au co-electrodeposition on a multiwalled modified carbon nanotubes glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Then, the AuCu-UPD/MWCNTs/GCE was obtained via the electrochemical anodic stripping of Cu underpotential deposition (UPD). Our novel prepared sensor enables the high-electrocatalytic and high-performance sensing of BPA. Under optimal conditions, the modified electrode showed a two-segment linear response from 0.01 to 1 µM and 1 to 20 µM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.43 nM based on differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Determination of BPA in real water samples using AuCu-UPD/MWCNTs/GCE yielded satisfactory results. The proposed electrochemical sensor is promising for the development of a simple, low-cost water quality monitoring system for the detection of BPA in ambient water samples.
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| 6. |
- Khan, Muhammad Azeem, et al.
(author)
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Value of Information and Timing-aware Scheduling for Federated Learning
- 2023
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In: 2023 IEEE CONFERENCE ON STANDARDS FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING, CSCN. - : IEEE. - 9798350395389 - 9798350395396 ; , s. 94-99
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Data possesses significant value as it fuels advancements in AI. However, protecting the privacy of the data generated by end-user devices has become crucial. Federated Learning (FL) offers a solution by preserving data privacy during training. FL brings the model directly to User Equipments (UEs) for local training by an access point (AP). The AP periodically aggregates trained parameters from UEs, enhancing the model and sending it back to them. However, due to communication constraints, only a subset of UEs can update parameters during each global aggregation. Consequently, developing innovative scheduling algorithms is vital to enable complete FL implementation and enhance FL convergence. In this paper, we present a scheduling policy combining Age of Update (AoU) concepts and data Shapley metrics. This policy considers the freshness and value of received parameter updates from individual data sources and real-time channel conditions to enhance FL's operational efficiency. The proposed algorithm is simple, and its effectiveness is demonstrated through simulations.
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| 7. |
- Qi, Xingmei, et al.
(author)
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Spider silk protein forms amyloid-like nanofibrils through a non-nucleation-dependent polymerization mechanism
- 2023
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In: Small. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 18:46
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Amyloid fibrils—nanoscale fibrillar aggregates with high levels of order—are pathogenic in some today incurable human diseases; however, there are also many physiologically functioning amyloids in nature. The process of amyloid formation is typically nucleation-elongation-dependent, as exemplified by the pathogenic amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) that is associated with Alzheimer's disease. Spider silk, one of the toughest biomaterials, shares characteristics with amyloid. In this study, it is shown that forming amyloid-like nanofibrils is an inherent property preserved by various spider silk proteins (spidroins). Both spidroins and Aβ capped by spidroin N- and C-terminal domains, can assemble into macroscopic spider silk-like fibers that consist of straight nanofibrils parallel to the fiber axis as observed in native spider silk. While Aβ forms amyloid nanofibrils through a nucleation-dependent pathway and exhibits strong cytotoxicity and seeding effects, spidroins spontaneously and rapidly form amyloid-like nanofibrils via a non-nucleation-dependent polymerization pathway that involves lateral packing of fibrils. Spidroin nanofibrils share amyloid-like properties but lack strong cytotoxicity and the ability to self-seed or cross-seed human amyloidogenic peptides. These results suggest that spidroins' unique primary structures have evolved to allow functional properties of amyloid, and at the same time direct their fibrillization pathways to avoid formation of cytotoxic intermediates.
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| 8. |
- Qi, Xingmei, et al.
(author)
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Spider Silk Protein Forms Amyloid-Like Nanofibrils through a Non-Nucleation-Dependent Polymerization Mechanism (Small 46/2023)
- 2023
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In: Small. - : Wiley. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 19:46
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Amyloid fibrils—nanoscale fibrillar aggregates with high levels of order—are pathogenic in some today incurable human diseases; however, there are also many physiologically functioning amyloids in nature. The process of amyloid formation is typically nucleation-elongation-dependent, as exemplified by the pathogenic amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) that is associated with Alzheimer's disease. Spider silk, one of the toughest biomaterials, shares characteristics with amyloid. In this study, it is shown that forming amyloid-like nanofibrils is an inherent property preserved by various spider silk proteins (spidroins). Both spidroins and Aβ capped by spidroin N- and C-terminal domains, can assemble into macroscopic spider silk-like fibers that consist of straight nanofibrils parallel to the fiber axis as observed in native spider silk. While Aβ forms amyloid nanofibrils through a nucleation-dependent pathway and exhibits strong cytotoxicity and seeding effects, spidroins spontaneously and rapidly form amyloid-like nanofibrils via a non-nucleation-dependent polymerization pathway that involves lateral packing of fibrils. Spidroin nanofibrils share amyloid-like properties but lack strong cytotoxicity and the ability to self-seed or cross-seed human amyloidogenic peptides. These results suggest that spidroins´ unique primary structures have evolved to allow functional properties of amyloid, and at the same time direct their fibrillization pathways to avoid formation of cytotoxic intermediates.
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| 9. |
- Teh, Zhi Li, et al.
(author)
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Enhanced Power Conversion Efficiency via Hybrid Ligand Exchange Treatment of p-Type PbS Quantum Dots
- 2020
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In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 12:20, s. 22751-22759
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PbS quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs) have emerged as a promising low-cost, solution-processable solar energy harvesting device and demonstrated good air stability and potential for large-scale commercial implementation. PbS QDSCs achieved a record certified efficiency of 12% in 2018 by utilizing an n+–n–p device structure. However, the p-type layer has generally suffered from low carrier mobility due to the organic ligand 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT) that is used to modify the quantum dot (QD) surface. The low carrier mobility of EDT naturally limits the device thickness as the carrier diffusion length is limited by the low mobility. Herein, we improve the properties of the p-type layer through a two-step hybrid organic ligand treatment. By treating the p-type layer with two types of ligands, 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and EDT, the PbS QD surface was passivated by a combination of the two ligands, resulting in an overall improvement in open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and current density, leading to an improvement in the cell efficiency from 7.0 to 10.4% for the champion device. This achievement was a result of the improved QD passivation and a reduction in the interdot distance, improving charge transport through the p-type PbS quantum dot film.
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| 10. |
- Wang, Wendi, et al.
(author)
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Federated Learning with Partial Gradients Over-the-Air
- 2023
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In: 2023 20TH ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SENSING, COMMUNICATION, AND NETWORKING, SECON. - : IEEE. - 9798350300529 - 9798350300536
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We develop a theoretical framework to study the training of federated learning models with partial gradients via over-the-air computing. The system consists of an edge server and multiple clients, aiming to collaboratively minimize a global loss function. The clients conduct local training and upload the intermediate parameters (e.g. the gradients) by analog transmissions. Specifically, each client modulates the entries of its local gradient onto a set of common orthogonal waveforms and sends out the signal simultaneously to the edge server; owing to the limited number of orthogonal waveforms, only a subset of the parameters can be selected for uploading during each round of communication. On the server side, it passes the received analog signal to a bank of match filters and obtains a noisy partial gradient vector. The server then uses this partial gradient to update the global parameter and feeds the new model back to all the clients for another round of local training. We derive the convergence rate of such a model training algorithm. We also conduct experiments to investigate the effects of different masking schemes on the convergence performance. The findings advance the understanding of over-the-air federated learning and provide useful insights for system designs.
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