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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Chikritzhs, Tanya, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnancy, partners and alcohol warning labels.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Addiction (Abingdon, England). - : Wiley. - 1360-0443 .- 0965-2140. ; 116:8, s. 1949-1951
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Coomber, Kerri, et al.
(författare)
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Short-term changes in nightlife attendance and patron intoxication following alcohol restrictions in Queensland, Australia
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study aims to explore short-term changes following the introduction of alcohol restrictions (most notably 2am to 3am last drinks). We examined patterns of nightlife attendance, intoxication, and alcohol use among patrons shortly before and after restrictions were introduced in Fortitude Valley, Brisbane: the largest night-time entertainment precinct of Queensland.Methods: Street-intercept patron interviews were conducted in Fortitude Valley in June (n=497) and July (n=562) 2016. A pre-post design was used to assess changes in time spent out drinking/partying prior to the interview, time of arrival in the precinct, pre-drinking, and blood alcohol concentration (BAC).Results: Regression models indicated that after the policy introduction, the proportion of people arriving at Fortitude Valley before 10:00pm increased (OR=1.38; 95% CI=1.04, 1.82). Participants reported going out, on average, one hour earlier after the intervention (=-0.17; 95% CI=0.11, 0.22). There was a decrease (RRR=0.58; 95% CI=0.43, 0.79) in the proportion of participants who had a high level of intoxication (BAC 0.10g/dL) post-intervention. No other significant differences were found.Conclusions: Earlier cessation of alcohol sales and stopping the sale of rapid intoxication drinks after midnight was associated with people arriving in Fortitude Valley earlier. Though legislative loopholes allowed some venues to continue trading to 5am, the proportion of people in the precinct who were highly intoxicated decreased after the restriction. Further measurement will be required to determine whether the reduction has persisted.
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| 5. |
- Dangardt, Frida, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol, pregnancy and infant health– a shared responsibility : Alcohol and Society 2020
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Konsekvenser av exponering för alkohol i samband med graviditet • Exponering för alkohol under graviditeten är den vanligaste orsaken till förebyggbar utvecklingsstörning för barn i Sverige och i hela världen. Den uppskattas påverka 1–5 procent av alla födslar per år. • Den mest välkända konsekvensen av exponering för alkohol under fosterlivet är fetalt alkoholsyndrom (FAS), som omfattar kognitiva störningar, förändrat utseende, försämrad tillväxt och skador på det centrala nervsystemet. • Antalet nya fall av FAS i Sverige har uppskattats till cirka 0,1–0,3 procent av alla födslar, eller ca 100–300 fall per år, och för FASD till ca 1–3 procent. Samhällskostnaden för FAS i Sverige har lågt uppskattats till 14 miljarder kronor per år. • Kraftig alkoholkonsumtion är en fastslagen riskfaktor för ett flertal negativa konsekvenser, bland annat missfall, dödfödsel, för tidig födsel, försämrad fostertillväxt, låg födelsevikt och plötslig spädbarnsdöd. Även låg till måttlig alkoholkonsumtion ökar risken för vissa negativa konsekvenser. • Även om hjärnan är det organ som drabbas allvarligast av exponering för alkohol i fosterstadiet kan också missbildningar i hjärtat, njurarna, levern, matsmältningskanalen och hormonsystemet förekomma. • Effekterna av exponering för alkohol under fostertiden är större än från tobak, andra psykoaktiva ämnen och andra farliga ämnen som bly eller strålning. • Möjliga orsaksmekanismer är bland andra alkoholorsakad celldöd i hjärnan och skador på DNA i omogna manliga och kvinnliga könsceller, som kan ge ärftliga förändringar, det vill säga skador som kan föras vidare till kommande generationer. Alkohol efter förlossning • Alkohol ökar inte mjölkproduktionen och den är förknippad med att sluta amma tidigare. Alkohol framstår som en riskfaktor för plötslig spädbarnsdöd, särskilt när föräldrarna sover tillsammans med barnet. • Säker kunskap om effekter av låg alkoholkonsumtion under amningsperioden saknas. Även låg exponering för alkohol kan påverka barnets sömn och reducera mjölkproduktionen hos modern. Med tillämpning av försiktighetsprincipen bedöms det säkrast att undvika alkoholexponering under amningsperioden. För de som väljer att dricka bedöms dock risken av att dricka ett standardglas alkohol 2 timmar före amning som låg. Alkoholkonsumtion kring tiden för graviditet • Det är naturligt att tänka sig att alkohol och graviditet är ett problem som är begränsat till graviditeten och enbart berör kvinnor. Ingetdera är korrekt. Alkoholens påverkan på gravida kvinnor och deras barn har ett samband med alkoholkonsumtion både bland män och icke-gravida kvinnor i hela befolkningen. • Över 80 procent av svenska kvinnor dricker alkohol under året före graviditeten och 14 procent dricker mycket. I allmänhet är det få kvinnor som minskar sin konsumtion innan de har fått besked om att de är gravida. • Mäns alkoholkonsumtion innan graviditeten kan ge skador på fostret och möjligen också på följande generationer genom förändringar av spermiernas arvsmassa.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Jiang, Heng, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond the Drinker : Alcohol's Hidden Costs in 2016 in Australia
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.. - 1937-1888 .- 1938-4114. ; 83:4, s. 512-524
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Drawing on a study of the range and mag-nitude of harms that alcohol caused to specific others in Australia, and on social and health agency statistics for collective costs, this article produces an analysis of the economic cost of alcohol's harm to others (AHTO) in Australia. Method: This study used a general population survey and routinely collected social response agencies' data to quantify different costs of AHTO, using methods consistent with International Guidelines for Estimating the Costs of Substance Abuse. This approach estimates costs for health care and social services, crime costs, costs of productivity loss, quality of life-year loss and other expenses, including both tangible costs (direct and indirect) and intangible costs of loss of quality of life (respondents' self-reported loss of health-related quality of life). Results: The cost of AHTO in Australia was AUD$19.81 bil-lion (95% CI [11.99, 28.34]), with tangible costs accounting for 58% of total costs ($11.45 billion, which is 0.68% of gross domestic product in 2016) and intangible costs of $8.36 billion. The costs to private individu-als or households ($18.1 billion and 89% of total costs of AHTO) are greater than the costs to the government or society because of others' drinking in Australia. Conclusions: This study presents an estimation of the economic cost of harm from others' drinking. The economic costs from others' drinking are large and of much the same magnitude as the costs that drinkers impose on themselves, as found in previous studies. Preventing harm to others from drinking is important as a public health goal for both economic and humane reasons.
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| 8. |
- Lee, K S Kylie, et al.
(författare)
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Developing a tablet computer-based application ('App') to measure self-reported alcohol consumption in Indigenous Australians
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6947. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The challenges of assessing alcohol consumption can be greater in Indigenous communities where there may be culturally distinct approaches to communication, sharing of drinking containers and episodic patterns of drinking. This paper discusses the processes used to develop a tablet computer-based application ('App') to collect a detailed assessment of drinking patterns in Indigenous Australians. The key features of the resulting App are described.METHODS: An iterative consultation process was used (instead of one-off focus groups), with Indigenous cultural experts and clinical experts. Regular (weekly or more) advice was sought over a 12-month period from Indigenous community leaders and from a range of Indigenous and non-Indigenous health professionals and researchers.RESULTS: The underpinning principles, selected survey items, and key technical features of the App are described. Features include culturally appropriate questioning style and gender-specific voice and images; community-recognised events used as reference points to 'anchor' time periods; 'translation' to colloquial English and (for audio) to traditional language; interactive visual approaches to estimate quantity of drinking; images of specific brands of alcohol, rather than abstract description of alcohol type (e.g. 'spirits'); images of make-shift drinking containers; option to estimate consumption based on the individual's share of what the group drank.CONCLUSIONS: With any survey platform, helping participants to accurately reflect on and report their drinking presents a challenge. The availability of interactive, tablet-based technologies enables potential bridging of differences in culture and lifestyle and enhanced reporting.
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| 9. |
- Livingston, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in alcohol-related liver disease mortality in Australia : An age-period-cohort perspective
- 2023
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Ingår i: Addiction. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 118:11, s. 2156-2163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and AimsThere have been few systematic attempts to examine how alcohol-related mortality has changed in Australia, and no studies that have explored cohort effects in alcohol-related mortality. This study uses more than 50 years of data to measure age, period and cohort trends in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) mortality.Design, Setting and CasesThis was a retrospective age-period-cohort analysis of total Australian ALD mortality data from 1968 to 2020 in Australia. There was a total of 35 822 deaths-27 208 men (76%) and 8614 women (24%).MeasurementsDeaths from ALD were grouped into 5-year age groups and periods (e.g. deaths for 20-24-year-olds between 1968 and 1972 were combined).FindingsALD mortality peaked in the late 1970s and early 1980s for both men and women. In age-period-cohort models, mortality was highest for cohorts born 1915-30. For example, men born between 1923 and 1927 had a relative risk of 1.58 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.52, 1.64] compared with men born between 1948 and 1952. For women, there was an increase in risk for cohorts born in the 1960s [e.g. the 1963-67 cohort had a relative risk (RR) of 1.16 (95% CI = 1.07, 1.25) compared with women born in 1948-52]. For men, there was a broad decline in mortality over time [e.g. in 2020, the RR was 0.87 (95% CI = 0.82, 0.92) compared with the reference year of 2000]. For women, mortality declined until 2000 and has been stable since.ConclusionsAlcohol-related liver disease mortality has declined across the Australian population since the 1970s and 1980s partly due to cohort-specific shifts as the highest-risk birth cohorts age. For women, this decline had stalled by the year 2000, and cohorts of women born during the 1960s were at higher risk than earlier cohorts, suggesting the need for thoughtful interventions as this population enters its highest-risk years for ALD mortality.
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| 10. |
- Naimi, Timothy S, et al.
(författare)
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Selection biases in observational studies affect associations between 'moderate' alcohol consumption and mortality.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 112:2, s. 207-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selection biases may lead to systematic overestimate of protective effects from 'moderate' alcohol consumption. Overall, most sources of selection bias favor low-volume drinkers in relation to non-drinkers. Studies that attempt to address these types of bias generally find attenuated or non-significant relationships between low-volume alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease, which is the major source of possible protective effects on mortality from low-volume consumption. Furthermore, observed mortality effects among established low-volume consumers are of limited relevance to health-related decisions about whether to initiate consumption or to continue drinking purposefully into old age. Short of randomized trials with mortality end-points, there are a number of approaches that can minimize selection bias involving low-volume alcohol consumption.
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| 11. |
- Sherk, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol Consumption and the Physical Availability of Take-Away Alcohol : Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of the Days and Hours of Sale and Outlet Density
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.. - 1937-1888 .- 1938-4114. ; 79:1, s. 58-67
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were completed studying the effect of changes in the physical availability of take-away alcohol on per capita alcohol consumption. Previous reviews examining this topic have not focused on off-premise outlets where take-away alcohol is sold and have not completed meta-analyses. Method: Systematic reviews were conducted separately for policies affecting the temporal availability (days and hours of sale) and spatial availability (outlet density) of take-away alcohol. Studies were included up to December 2015. Quality criteria were used to select articles that studied the effect of changes in these policies on alcohol consumption with a focus on natural experiments. Random-effects meta-analyses were applied to produce the estimated effect of an additional day of sale on total and beverage-specific consumption. Results: Separate systematic reviews identifi ed seven studies regarding days and hours of sale and four studies regarding density. The majority of articles included in these systematic reviews, for days/hours of sale (7/7) and outlet density (3/4), concluded that restricting the physical availability of take-away alcohol reduces per capita alcohol consumption. Meta-analyses studying the ef-fect of adding one additional day of sale found that this was associated with per capita consumption increases of 3.4% (95% CI [2.7, 4.1]) for total alcohol, 5.3% (95% CI [3.2, 7.4]) for beer, 2.6% (95% CI [1.8, 3.5]) for wine, and 2.6% (95% CI [2.1, 3.2]) for spirits. The small number of included studies regarding hours of sale and density precluded meta-analysis. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that decreasing the physical availability of take-away alcohol will decrease per capita consumption. As decreasing per capita consumption has been shown to reduce alcohol-related harm, restricting the physical availability of take-away alcohol would be expected to result in improvements to public health.
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| 12. |
- Sherk, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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The public-private decision for alcohol retail systems : Examining the economic, health, and social impacts of alternative systems in Finland
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : SAGE Publications. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 40:3, s. 218-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Organising alcohol retail systems with more or less public ownership has implications for health and the economy. The aim of the present study was to estimate the economic, health, and social impacts of alcohol use in Finland in 2018 (baseline), and in two alternative scenarios in which current partial public ownership of alcohol retail sales is either increased or fully privatised.Methods: Baseline alcohol-attributable harms and costs were estimated across five categories of death, disability, and criminal justice. Two alternate alcohol retail systems were defined as privately owned stores selling: (1) only low strength alcoholic beverages (public ownership scenario, similar to Sweden); or (2) all beverages (private ownership scenario). Policy analyses were conducted to estimate changes in alcohol use per capita. Health and economic impacts were modelled using administrative data and epidemiological modelling.Results: In Finland in 2018, alcohol use was estimated to be responsible for €1.51 billion (95% Uncertainty Estimates: €1.43 billion, €1.58 billion) in social cost, 3,846 deaths, and 270,652 criminal justice events. In the public ownership scenario, it was estimated that alcohol use would decline by 15.8% (11.8%, 19.7%) and social cost by €384.3 million (€189.5 million, €559.2 million). Full privatisation was associated with an increase in alcohol use of 9.0% (6.2%, 11.8%) and an increase in social cost of €289.7 million (€140.8 million, €439.5 million).Conclusion: The outcome from applying a novel analytical approach suggests that more public ownership of the alcohol retail system may lead to significant decreases in alcohol-caused death, disability, crime, and social costs. Conversely, full privatisation of the ownership model would lead to increased harm and costs.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Weatherall, Teagan J., et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol dependence in a community sample of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians : harms, getting help and awareness of local treatments
- 2021
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Ingår i: Addiction science & clinical practice. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1940-0632 .- 1940-0640. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Few studies have examined links between current alcohol dependence and specific harms among Indigenous Australians. We investigated these associations as well as help seeking for drinking, awareness of local treatments and recommendations to help family or friends cut down or stop drinking in two Indigenous communities.Methods: A representative sample of Indigenous Australians was surveyed in one urban and one remote community in South Australia. Data were collected via the Grog Survey App. Participants were dependent if they reported two or more symptoms of alcohol dependence (ICD-11). Pearson chi-square tests were used to describe relationships between employment by gender, and dependence by awareness of medicines and local treatment options. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to predict the odds of dependent drinkers experiencing harms and getting help for drinking, controlling for age, gender, schooling and income.Results: A total of 775 Indigenous Australians took part in the study. After controlling for confounders, dependent drinkers were nearly eight times more likely to report a harm and nearly three times more likely to get help for their drinking—compared with non-dependent drinkers. Participants recommended accessing local support from an Aboriginal alcohol and other drugs worker, or a detoxification/ rehabilitation service.Discussion and conclusions: More support and funding is needed for Indigenous Australians to ensure local treatment options for dependent drinkers are readily available, appropriate and accessible. Involvement of local Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander health professionals in delivery of care can help ensure that it is appropriate to an individual’s culture and context.
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| 15. |
- White, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents' alcohol use and strength of policy relating to youth access, trading hours and driving under the influence : findings from Australia
- 2018
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 113:6, s. 1030-1042
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims To determine (i) whether the strength of Australian alcohol control policy in three domains (youth access, trading hours and drink driving) changed during the 2000s; and (ii) estimate associations between these policies and adolescent drinking after adjusting for television alcohol advertising exposures, alcohol outlet density, alcohol price changes, exposure to negative articles about alcohol in daily newspapers and adult drinking prevalence. Design Repeated cross-sectional surveys conducted triennially from2002 to 2011. Multi-levelmodelling examined the association between alcohol control policies and drinking prevalence after adjusting for covariates. Setting Four Australian capital cities between 2002 and 2011. Participants Students aged 12-17 years participating in a triennial national representative school-based survey (sample size range/survey: 9805-13 119). Measurements Outcome measures were: past month drinking and risky drinking (5+ drinks on a day) in the past 7 days. Policy strength in each of three domains (youth access, trading hours, drink-driving) were the key predictor variables. Covariates included: past 3-month television alcohol and alcoholcontrol advertising, alcohol outlet density, alcohol price change, negatively framed newspaper alcohol articles, adult drinking prevalence and student demographic characteristics. Findings During the study period, the strength of youth access policies increased by 10%, trading hours policies by 14% and drink-driving policies by 58%. Past-month and risky drinking prevalence decreased (e.g. past-month: 2002: 47.4% to 2011: 26.3%). Multivariable analyses that included all policy variables and adjusted for year, student and other covariates showed past-month drinking to be associated inversely with stronger trading hours policies [odds ratio (OR) = 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.69, 0.94], but not youth access (OR = 0.92 95% CI = 0.81, 1.04) or drink-driving (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.93, 1.09). Risky drinking was associated inversely with stronger youth access policies (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.69, 0.98), but not trading hours (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.66, 1.09) or drink-driving (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.90, 1.14) policies. Conclusions Population-directed policies designed to reduce alcohol availability and promotion may reduce adolescents' alcohol use.
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