| 1. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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The upgraded DO detector
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 565:2, s. 463-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The DO experiment enjoyed a very successful data-collection run at the Fermilab Tevatron collider between 1992 and 1996. Since then, the detector has been upgraded to take advantage of improvements to the Tevatron and to enhance its physics capabilities. We describe the new elements of the detector, including the silicon microstrip tracker, central fiber tracker, solenoidal magnet, preshower detectors, forward muon detector, and forward proton detector. The uranium/liquid -argon calorimeters and central muon detector, remaining from Run 1, are discussed briefly. We also present the associated electronics, triggering, and data acquisition systems, along with the design and implementation of software specific to DO.
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| 11. |
- Claesson, PM, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions between hydrophilic mica surfaces in triolein: Triolein surface orientation, solvation forces, and capillary condensation
- 1997
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 13, s. 1682-1688
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results obtained from surface force measurements using hydrophilic mica surfaces in triolein are presented. The forces were determined for different water activities in the triglyceride sample. With anhydrous triolein two oscillations in the force curve are observed. They appear at a separation of 60-50 Å and 30-20 Å. An interfacial ordering of triolein, allowing two molecular layers between the surfaces at the position of the outer oscillation and one molecular layer at the inner one is proposed. This structure at the interface is different from the triglyceride conformation suggested for the bulk system. A dramatic effect of water content on the structural forces is observed. The number and amplitude of the oscillations are dependent on the water content. The oscillations completely disappear when the triolein sample is satured with water, and the force becomes purely attractive. These data are interpreted in terms of preferential adsorption of water molecules onto the hydrophilic mica surface and in terms of a changing water adsorption with surface separation. The adhesion force between the surfaces is strongly increased when the water content is close to its saturation value. The strong adhesion is attributes to the presence of a water capillary around the contact position.
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| 12. |
- Clemmensen, SN, et al.
(författare)
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Alpha-1-antitrypsin is produced by human neutrophil granulocytes and their precursors and liberated during granule exocytosis
- 2011
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY. - 0902-4441. ; 86:6, s. 517-530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) is an important inhibitor of neutrophil proteases including elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3. Transcription profiling data suggest that A1AT is expressed by human neutrophil granulocytes during all developmental stages. A1AT has hitherto only been found associated with azurophile granules in neutrophils indicative of A1AT expression being restricted to the promyelocyte stage. We examined the localization and production of A1AT in healthy donor neutrophils and found A1AT to be a constituent of all granule subtypes and to be released from neutrophils following stimulation. A1AT is produced at all stages of myeloid maturation in the bone marrow. The production increases as neutrophils enter circulation and increases further upon migration to tissues as observed in skin windows and when blood neutrophils are incubated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Neutrophils from patients with A1AT-deficiency carrying the (PI)ZZ mutation in the A1AT gene appeared structurally and functionally normal, but A1AT produced in leukocytes of these patients lacked the ability to bind proteases efficiently. We conclude that A1AT generation and release from neutrophils add significantly to the antiprotease levels in tissues during inflammation. Impaired binding of neutrophil A1AT to serine proteases in patients with (PI)ZZ mutations may enhance their susceptibility to the development of emphysema.
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- Gustafsson, G, et al.
(författare)
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The electric field and wave experiment for the Cluster mission
- 1997
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Ingår i: Space Science Reviews. - 0038-6308 .- 1572-9672. ; 79, s. 137-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electric-field and wave experiment (EFW) on Cluster is designed to measure the electric-field and density fluctuations with sampling rates up to 36 000 samples s(-1). Langmuir probe sweeps can also be made to determine the electron density and temperature. The instrument has several important capabilities. These include (1) measurements of quasi-static electric fields of amplitudes lip to 700 mV m(-1) with high amplitude and time resolution, (2) measurements over short periods of time of up to five simualtaneous waveforms (two electric signals and three magnetic signals from the seach coil magnetometer sensors) of a bandwidth of 4 kHz with high time resolution, (3) measurements of density fluctuations in four points with high time resolution. Among the more interesting scientific objectives of the experiment are studies of nonlinear wave phenomena that result in acceleration of plasma as well as large- and small-scale interferometric measurements. By using four spacecraft for large-scale differential measurements and several Langmuir probes on one spacecraft for small-scale interferometry, it will be possible to study motion and shape of plasma structures on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. This paper describes the primary scientific objectives of the EFW experiment and the technical capabilities of the instrument.
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| 15. |
- Padra, Médea, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Increased MUC1 plus a larger quantity and complex size for MUC5AC in the peripheral airway lumen of long-term tobacco smokers
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Science. - : Portland Press Ltd.. - 0143-5221 .- 1470-8736. ; 134:10, s. 1107-1125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is little information on mucins versus potential regulatory factors in the peripheral airway lumen of long-term smokers with (LTS+) and without (LTS-) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We explored these matters in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from two study materials, both including LTS+ and LTS- with a very similar historic exposure to tobacco smoke, and healthy non-smokers (HNSs; n=4-20/group). Utilizing slot blot and immunodetection of processed (filtered and centrifuged), as well as unprocessed BAL samples from one of the materials, we compared the quantity and fraction of large complexes of mucins. All LTS displayed an enhanced (median) level of MUC5AC compared with HNS. LTS- displayed a higher level of large MUC5AC complexes than HNS while LTS+ displayed a similar trend. In all LTS, total MUC5AC correlated with blood leukocytes, BAL neutrophil elastase and net gelatinase activity. Large mucin complexes accounted for most MUC5B, without clear group differences. In all LTS, total MUC5B correlated with total MUC5AC and local bacteria. In the same groups, large MUC5B complexes correlated with serum cotinine. MUC1 was increased and correlated with BAL leukocytes in all LTS whereas MUC2 was very low and without clear group differences. Thus, the main part of MUC5AC and MUC5B is present as large complexes in the peripheral airway lumen and historic as well as current exposure to tobacco smoke emerge as potential regulatory factors, regardless of COPD per se. Bacteria, leukocytes and proteinases also constitute potential regulatory factors, of interest for future therapeutic strategies.
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| 18. |
- Andelid, Kristina, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Systemic cytokine signaling via IL-17 in smokers with obstructive pulmonary disease: a link to bacterial colonization?
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1178-2005. ; 10, s. 689-702
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined whether systemic cytokine signaling via interleukin (IL)-17 and growth-related oncogene-alpha (GRO-alpha) is impaired in smokers with obstructive pulmonary disease including chronic bronchitis (OPD-CB). We also examined how this systemic cytokine signaling relates to bacterial colonization in the airways of the smokers with OPD-CB. Currently smoking OPD-CB patients (n=60, corresponding to Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [ GOLD] stage I-IV) underwent recurrent blood and sputum sampling over 60 weeks, during stable conditions and at exacerbations. We characterized cytokine protein concentrations in blood and bacterial growth in sputum. Asymptomatic smokers (n=10) and never-smokers (n=10) were included as control groups. During stable clinical conditions, the protein concentrations of IL-17 and GRO-alpha were markedly lower among OPD-CB patients compared with never-smoker controls, whereas the asymptomatic smoker controls displayed intermediate concentrations. Notably, among OPD-CB patients, colonization by opportunistic pathogens was associated with markedly lower IL-17 and GRO-alpha, compared with colonization by common respiratory pathogens or oropharyngeal flora. During exacerbations in the OPD-CB patients, GRO-alpha and neutrophil concentrations were increased, whereas protein concentrations and messenger RNA for IL-17 were not detectable in a reproducible manner. In smokers with OPD-CB, systemic cytokine signaling via IL-17 and GRO-alpha is impaired and this alteration may be linked to colonization by opportunistic pathogens in the airways. Given the potential pathogenic and therapeutic implications, these findings deserve to be validated in new and larger patient cohorts.
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| 23. |
- Gustafsson, G, et al.
(författare)
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The electric field and wave experiment for the Cluster mission
- 1997
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Ingår i: SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS. - : KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL. - 0038-6308. ; 79:1-2, s. 137-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electric-field and wave experiment (EFW) on Cluster is designed to measure the electric-field and density fluctuations with sampling rates up to 36 000 samples s(-1). Langmuir probe sweeps can also be made to determine the electron density and tempera
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| 25. |
- Stockfelt, Marit, et al.
(författare)
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Increased CD11b and Decreased CD62L in Blood and Airway Neutrophils from Long-Term Smokers with and without COPD
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of innate immunity. - : S. Karger AG. - 1662-8128 .- 1662-811X. ; 12:6, s. 480-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is incomplete mechanistic understanding of the mobilization of neutrophils in the systemic and local compartment in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this pilot study, we characterized how the adhesion molecules CD11b and CD62L, surface markers indicative of priming, are altered as neutrophils extravasate, and whether surface density of CD11b and CD62L differs between long-term tobacco smokers (LTS) with and without COPD compared with healthy never-smokers (HNS). Unstimulated blood neutrophils from LTS with (<i>n</i> = 5) and without (<i>n</i> = 9) COPD displayed lower surface density of CD62L compared with HNS (<i>n</i> = 8). In addition, surface density of CD11b was higher in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutrophils from LTS without COPD compared with those with COPD and HNS. Moreover, in BAL neutrophils from all study groups, CD62L was lower compared with matched blood neutrophils. In addition, BAL neutrophils responded with a further decrease in CD62L to ex vivo TNF stimulation. Thus, neutrophils in the airway lumen display a higher state of priming than systemic neutrophils and bear the potential to be further primed by local cytokines even with no smoking or the presence of COPD, findings that may represent a universal host defense mechanism against local bacteria. Moreover, systemic neutrophils are primed in LTS regardless of COPD. Further studies in larger materials are warranted to determine whether the priming of neutrophils is protective against COPD or merely preceding it.
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| 28. |
- Zhu, Yongda, et al.
(författare)
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Probing Ultralate Reionization: Direct Measurements of the Mean Free Path over 5 z
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 955:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mean free path of ionizing photons, lambda(mfp), is a critical parameter for modeling the intergalactic medium (IGM) both during and after reionization. We present direct measurements of lambda(mfp) from QSO spectra over the redshift range 5 < z < 6, including the first measurements at z similar or equal to 5.3 and 5.6. Our sample includes data from the XQR-30 VLT large program, as well as new Keck/ESI observations of QSOs near z similar to 5.5, for which we also acquire new [C II] 158 mu m redshifts with ALMA. By measuring the Lyman continuum transmission profile in stacked QSO spectra, we find lambda(mfp) = 9.33(-1.80)(+2.06), 5.40(-1.40)(+1.47), 3.31(-1.34)(+2.74), and 0.81(-0.48)(+0.73) pMpc at z = 5.08, 5.31, 5.65, and 5.93, respectively. Our results demonstrate that lambda(mfp) increases steadily and rapidly with time over 5 < z < 6. Notably, we find that lambda(mfp) deviates significantly from predictions based on a fully ionized and relaxed IGM as late as z = 5.3. By comparing our results to model predictions and indirect lambda(mfp) constraints based on IGM Ly alpha opacity, we find that the evolution of lambda(mfp) is consistent with scenarios wherein the IGM is still undergoing reionization and/or retains large fluctuations in the ionizing UV background well below redshift 6.
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