| 1. |
- Aalbers, Manuel B., et al.
(författare)
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The Housing Question under Capitalist Political Economies
- 2014
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Ingår i: Housing, Theory and Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1403-6096 .- 1651-2278. ; 31:4, s. 422-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This short article is a reply to four commentaries that were written in response to our paper "Centering Housing in Political Economy". Rather than discussing each of the commentaries separately, we have chosen to distil and discuss four themes that appear important both to the commentators and to us: theory and abstraction; land rent; mortgage securitization; and the role of the state. Our discussion of theory advances the claim that theories and frameworks that take not only the economics of housing but also its politics, history, geography and institutions seriously can in principle be commensurate under the critical realist ontology suggested by two of our commentators. Our discussion of securitization adds to the existing literature on the theorization of the spatial fix and the circuits of capital. Finally, in reconsidering the housing question in political economy, we argue that you cannot today come to grips with the laws of the latter without factoring in on the centrality of the former.
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| 2. |
- Aalbers, M., et al.
(författare)
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Centring Housing in Political Economy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Housing, Theory and Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1403-6096 .- 1651-2278. ; 31:4, s. 373-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ashton, Philip, et al.
(författare)
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On arbitration, arbitrage and arbitrariness in financial markets and their governance : Unpacking LIBOR and the LIBOR scandal
- 2015
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Ingår i: Economy and Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0308-5147 .- 1469-5766. ; 44:2, s. 188-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amongst a series of scandals to hit international financial markets in recent years, that surrounding the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) – a highly influential interest rate benchmark – has attracted particularly intense media scrutiny. This paper seeks to push beyond conventional understandings to unpack critically both LIBOR itself and the scandal involving its manipulation by major international banks. Envisioning LIBOR as a commodity beset by inherent contradictions, the paper mobilizes the tropes of arbitration, arbitrage and arbitrariness to illuminate, respectively: the market-making work performed by LIBOR; its role in enabling the transfer of financial risk, most notably when fraudulently manipulated; and the nature of the regulatory prosecution of such manipulation.
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| 5. |
- Ashton, Philip, et al.
(författare)
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Remaking Mortgage Markets by Remaking Mortgages : US Housing Finance after the Crisis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Economic Geography. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0013-0095 .- 1944-8287. ; 94:3, s. 238-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the post- financial crisis reregulation of US housing finance, focusing on reforms to rein in excessive risk taking and reconstitute the private circulation of mortgage debt. We begin by situating current initiatives-namely, the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010-in a much longer trajectory of attempts to construct a national market for home mortgages. Following the theorization of the economy of qualities by Callon, Meadel, and Rabeharisoa, we argue that a dominant theme throughout has been creating or fixing mortgage markets by performing work on the commodities-the mortgage products-that circulate in them. In light of this history, we argue that Dodd-Frank's primary novelty lies in the way it alters relations between those products and market-supporting institutions, laws, and regulations. We conclude that this shapes a new set of contradictions and conflicts between market liquidity and risk taking, on the one hand, and the original concerns with financial safety and soundness, on the other.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Castree, Noel, et al.
(författare)
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Banking Spatially on the Future : Capital Switching, Infrastructure, and the Ecological Fix
- 2015
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Ingår i: Annals of the Association of American Geographers. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0004-5608 .- 1467-8306. ; 105:2, s. 378-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the onset of the global economic crisis, financiers and the institutions regulating their behavior have been subject to far-reaching criticism. At the same time, leading geo-scientists have been insisting that future environmental change might be far more profound than previously anticipated. Finance capital has long been a crucial mechanism for melting present solidities into air to create different futures. This article asks what the prospects are for the switching of credit money into green infrastructures-a switching increasingly recognized as necessary for climate change mitigation and (especially) adaptation. Most research into geographies of finance has ignored ecological questions and few contemporary society-nature researchers examine major fixed-capital investments. Unlike those geographers who criticize capitalism without offering feasible alternatives, we take a pragmatic view underpinned by democratic socioenvironmental values and attempt to identify leverage points for meaningful change. This programmatic article identifies reasons and examples to be cautiously hopeful that liquidity can be fixed in less ecologically harmful future infrastructures, thereby addressing crucial extraeconomic challenges for the century ahead.
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| 9. |
- Castree, Noel, et al.
(författare)
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David Harvey : A Critical Introduction to His Thought
- 2022. - 1
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- David Harvey is among the most influential Marxist thinkers of the last half century. This book offers a lucid and authoritative introduction to his work, with a structure designed to reflect the enduring topics and insights that serve to unify Harvey’s writings over a long period of time.Harvey’s writings have exerted huge influence within the social sciences and the humanities. In addition, his work now commands a global readership among Left political activists and those interested in current world affairs. Harvey’s central preoccupation is capitalism and the impacts of its growth-obsessed, contradictory dynamics. His name is synonymous with key analytical concepts like ‘the spatial fix’ and ‘accumulation by dispossession’. This critical introduction to his thought is an essential companion for both new and more experienced readers. The critique of capitalism is one of the most important undertakings of our time, and Harvey’s work offers powerful tools to help us see why a ‘softer’ capitalism is insufficient and a post-capitalist future is necessary.This book is an important resource for scholars and graduate students in geography, politics and many other disciplines across the social sciences and humanities.
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| 10. |
- Christophers, Brett, 1971-
(författare)
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A monstrous hybrid : the political economy of housing in early-twenty-first century Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: New Political Economy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1356-3467 .- 1469-9923. ; 18:6, s. 885-911
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the leftist Western political imagination, Sweden continues, for many, to represent a vision of a ‘better’, more egalitarian political-economic model than the neoliberal capitalism that has come to dominate the Anglo-American world in particular; and its housing system is widely regarded as an integral component of this alternative, social-democratic model. The present paper argues that this envisioning of the political economy of Swedish housing is thoroughly outdated. Yet it insists, equally, that the competing envisioning of Swedish housing advanced by prominent scholars within Sweden – of a radically (neo)liberalised domestic housing system – is not accurate either. Rather, Swedish housing in the early twenty-first century constitutes a complex hybrid of legacy regulated elements on the one hand and neoliberalised elements on the other. Recognising this hybridity is essential, the paper submits, to understanding the nature and source of the most pressing issues facing the Swedish housing sector today. The system's hybridity, moreover, is ‘monstrous’ – following Jane Jacobs's coining of the term – in the sense that those issues reveal the pivotal role currently played by the Swedish housing system in the creation, reproduction and intensification of socio-economic inequality.
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| 11. |
- Christophers, Brett, 1971-
(författare)
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A tale of two inequalities : Housing-wealth inequality and tenure inequality
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : Sage Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 53:3, s. 573-594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growing significance of housing to wealth inequality in Western societies is now well recognised and widely debated. This paper argues that understanding of the nature and causes of this problem and discussions of potential approaches to addressing it through progressive policy responses are both hampered by adopting a partial perspective on the housing question. Focusing singularly on ownership – how it has been idealised and subsidised, how it might be democratised and so forth – has led to scholars and policymakers tending to neglect the other main tenure form, in strict relation with which ownership always exists both materially and discursively: rental. We can neither understand why and how today’s asset-based inequalities have materialised nor plot realistic and meaningful policy responses unless we conceptualise and approach ownership and rental relationally. Using the United Kingdom and Swedish cases as exemplars, and examining how relevant national policy realities and logics have been constructed over time, the paper further argues that the emergence of significant asset-based inequalities in recent decades is rooted in the policy-driven emergence of significant inequalities – ideological as much as economic – between tenure forms, whereby ownership has increasingly been privileged over rental. If Western societies are to have any credible prospect of reducing existing property asset-based inequalities, preventing those inequalities from being reproduced within younger generations and limiting the likelihood of the re-emergence of comparable inequalities in the future, (re)instituting principles and practices of tenure equality should be made a primary political and policy objective.
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| 12. |
- Christophers, Brett
(författare)
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Against (the idea of) financial markets
- 2015
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Ingår i: Geoforum. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-7185 .- 1872-9398. ; 66, s. 85-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The difference between bank-based and market-based financial systems is a longstanding and influential conceptual staple of the interdisciplinary literature on finance. This dualistic model has been subjected to wide-ranging critiques over the past decade. Yet, while those critiques productively problematize the relationship between banks and markets presumed by the model, they fail to address the underlying distinction between banks and markets that is also presumed by the model. This article questions that distinction. It argues that financial markets are best understood not as places or platforms where banks and other financial actors come to interact - and thus as essentially separate from banks - but, instead, as, in large part, their interaction; as constituted by it. The article further argues for the political as well as scholarly importance of reconfiguring our ideas of what financial markets are. The idea of markets as separate, reified phenomena not only underpins the scholarly model of bank- and market-based financial systems - it does political work in the wider world, with the appeal to financial markets or, more nebulously, "the market" to rationalize and justify political decision-making having become a commonplace of contemporary public policy discourse. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Christophers, Brett, 1971-
(författare)
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Anaemic geographies of financialisation
- 2012
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Ingår i: New Political Economy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1356-3467 .- 1469-9923. ; 17:3, s. 271-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper offers a critique of the increasingly prevalent argument that the late twentieth century saw a ‘financialisation’ of capitalism anchored in the USA, the UK, and other leading Western economies. The objective of the paper is not to claim that there has been no such structural mutation, but that the studies which allegedly demonstrate this mutation are compromised by the anaemic geographies that structure and animate them. Such studies, the paper argues, fetishise the national scale and, in doing so, offer a restricted and potentially misleading reading of trends such as, most notably, historic growth in the share of corporate profits accruing to ‘finance’ within individual countries. Examining empirical data for the UK, but explicitly incorporating the international perspective typically missing from existing studies of financialisation, the paper points to the vital role of international expansion by UK financial institutions in growing the financial sector's share of profits. Whether so-called ‘financialisation’ has also contributed to this growth remains, the paper submits, open to question.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Christophers, Brett, 1971-
(författare)
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Banking and competition in exceptional times
- 2013
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Ingår i: Seattle University Law Review. - Tacoma, Wash.. ; 36:2, s. 563-576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Article has two main aims: to provide a critical consideration of this contemporary antitrust “revival” from an explicitly political–economic perspective and to point toward some theoretical resources that might facilitate such an assessment.Part II looks backward at the evolution and application of competition law in the banking sector over the relatively longue durée. In this Part, I invoke the concept of “exception” to understand how antitrust policy has developed, and my chief interlocutors are the perhaps unlikely figures of Giorgio Agamben and Karl Marx. Part III looks forward and considers the central question around which the recent resurgence of interest in antitrust ultimately revolves: can (and should) antitrust law help in tackling the TBTF problem? The tentative conclusion is that unless we are prepared to fundamentally rethink the purpose of competition law—and in relation to this, the nature of capitalist competition itself— then the answer must be no. This is not because (as some commentators have argued) TBTF is not an antitrust issue. Rather, it is because antitrust theory and practice are today thoroughly economized, whereas the competition between large banks appears to be largely non-economic. In making this argument, I appeal not to Agamben and Marx, but to Paul Baran and Paul Sweezy, and most directly of all to the theorist whose name this symposium bears, Adolf Berle.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Christophers, Brett, 1971-
(författare)
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Class, Assets and Work in Rentier Capitalism
- 2021
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Ingår i: Historical Materialism. - : Brill Academic Publishers. - 1465-4466 .- 1569-206X. ; 29:2, s. 3-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 'Render capitalism' is the term increasingly used to describe economies dominated by rentiers, rents, and rent-generating assets. A growing body of scholarship considers how the ownership of such assets by individuals and households is reshaping patterns of class and inequality and accordingly requires the reconceptualisation of the latter phenomena. The significance of company-owned assets and corporate rents for class, inequality and their conceptualisation has not been considered, however. This article offers an exploratory investigation along these lines, highlighting the importance of employees' working relationship to company-owned, rent-generating assets for their class position. The article further reflects on how developments in this regard might be approached from the perspective of Marx's writing on value, labour and class, and the challenges that those developments potentially pose to Mandan concepts.
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| 21. |
- Christophers, Brett
(författare)
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Climate Change and Financial Instability : Risk Disclosure and the Problematics of Neoliberal Governance
- 2017
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Ingår i: Annals of the American Association of Geographers. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 2469-4452 .- 2469-4460. ; 107:5, s. 1108-1127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, climate change has increasingly come to be seen as one of the principal threats to future global financial stability. This article identifies and critiques the emerging consensus among international financial regulators as to how this threatthe key perceived components of which are also delineatedcan best be managed. It shows that the preferred approach mirrors hegemonic postfinancial crisis regulatory practice vis-a-vis financial stability risk more generically: prioritization of market discipline underpinned by risk disclosure. The article characterizes this approach as a quintessentially neoliberal modality of governance. It also argues that insofar as this approach relies on financial market workings and financial institutional behaviors explicitly belied by the financial crisis, it risks precisely the type of climate Minsky moment regulators aim to avoid.
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| 22. |
- Christophers, Brett
(författare)
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Competition, Law, and the Power of (Imagined) Geography : Market Definition and the Emergence of Too-Big-to-Fail Banking in the United States
- 2014
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Ingår i: Economic Geography. - : Wiley. - 0013-0095 .- 1944-8287. ; 90:4, s. 429-450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores the role of antitrust (or competition) law in the recent historical evolution of the U. S. commercial banking sector. A core component of antitrust law is the calculative practice of market definition, which involves identifying not only the product or service attributes of a market but also, pointedly, its geographic extent. Geographic market definition-and the geographic knowledges it furnishes-is the focus of the article. It argues that these legal market maps ("the law's markets," that is to say) materially shape on-the-ground market and competitive realities. The article develops this argument through a study of the recent history of U. S. antitrust theory and practice in regard to commercial banking. It claims that the particular nature of the geographic models created through this practice is pivotal to explaining the history of evolution of that sector in the final decades of the twentieth century-and most especially, large-scale industry consolidation at the national scale. In the process, the article aims to contribute not only to financial geography but also to three relatively-underdeveloped economicgeographic literatures: on the implication of geographic knowledges in political-economic change; on the geographies of markets; and on the role of the law in economic-geographic transformation.
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| 23. |
- Christophers, Brett, 1971-
(författare)
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Complexity, finance, and progress in human geography
- 2009
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Ingår i: Progress in Human Geography. - : SAGE Publications. - 0309-1325 .- 1477-0288. ; 33:6, s. 807-824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reviews recent commentary on and interpretations of the ongoing financial 'crisis' unfolding in many western economies. It finds that a central theme of these readings is the twofold argument that modern finance is too complex, and that this complexity is responsible for the crisis. The paper, inspired both by the economist John Galbraith and by the geographer David Harvey, argues against this widespread ascription and scapegoating of complexity. It does so as part of a wider argument that progress in human geography can be fostered through demystification of modern money and finance.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Christophers, Brett, 1971-
(författare)
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Environmental Beta or How Institutional Investors Think about Climate Change and Fossil Fuel Risk
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of the American Association of Geographers. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2469-4452 .- 2469-4460. ; 109:3, s. 754-774
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is widely recognized that to limit the long-term extent of global warming and its socioecological consequences, the world must transition over future decades to a low- or zero-carbon economy. Among the many imponderables relating to this eventual transition is the role of the principal owners of the fossil fuel companies that are primarily responsible for global greenhouse gas emissions-namely, institutional financial investors. The investment behavior of these institutions will substantively shape not only the speed and nature of the economy and society's transition to cleaner energy sources but also the speed and nature of the global financial system's own parallel transition to a low- or zero-carbon world. In the wake of the global financial crisis of 2007 to 2009, governments and regulators around the world are increasingly concerned that the latter transition might represent a major potential source of future financial instability. These authorities are calling on institutional investors to effect an orderly and measured transition by fully recognizing the climate-related risks of investment in fossil fuel companies and pricing these risks appropriately. Yet they are doing so in the absence of informed, up-to-date, and meaningful knowledge of how the investment community actually thinks about climate change and fossil fuel risk. This article maps out the key lineaments of this thinking on the basis of an extensive program of interviews with global investment institutions. Contra government and regulator hopes and expectations, this thinking indicates that fossil fuel investment is set to be a long-term locus of excess, not minimal, financial market volatility: of environmental beta.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Christophers, Brett
(författare)
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Financial crises
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Political Geography. - : Wiley-Blackwell.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 31. |
- Christophers, Brett, 1971-
(författare)
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Financialisation as Monopoly Profit : The Case of US Banking
- 2018
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Ingår i: Antipode. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0066-4812 .- 1467-8330. ; 50:4, s. 864-890
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different economic measures afford different ways of seeing processes of financialisation. In the prototypical case of the US economy, the most compelling evidence of post-1970s financialisation is found in corporate profits measures. This much has been clear for at least a decade. What remains much less clear, however, is the explanation for the long-term maintenance and amplification of extreme financial-sector profitability that financialisation in the United States has and continues to entail. With a specific focus on banking, this article turns to post-Marxian scholarship on profit rate trends to explain this phenomenon. It argues that limited and declining levels of competition within the US banking sector during recent decadesrooted in high levels of industry concentration, collusive behaviour, and substantial entry barriershave contributed to sustaining and boosting abnormal sectoral profitability. In doing so, the article theorises financialisation in the United States explicitly in terms of monopoly profit.
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| 32. |
- Christophers, Brett, 1971-
(författare)
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Follow the thing : money
- 2011
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Ingår i: Environment & Planning. D, Society and Space. - : SAGE Publications. - 0263-7758 .- 1472-3433. ; 29:6, s. 1068-1084
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an attempt to resist and surmount the mystifications of commodity fetishism, scholars have gone to great lengths to trace the social and spatial pathways of various physical, consumable commodities. By contrast, there have been relatively limited efforts to similarly defetishise what Marx called the “god of commodities”—money—and there has been no systematic, theoretically informed consideration of what the defetishisation of money might actually entail. From an explicitly Marxian perspective this paper aims to make a modest contribution in such a direction. It has two central objectives: to demonstrate why money merits defetishisation and to explore, at a largely theoretical level, how such an exercise might proceed, what primary challenges it would confront, and where the main opportunities for progress are likely to lie.
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| 33. |
- Christophers, Brett
(författare)
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For real : land as capital and commodity
- 2016
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Ingår i: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. - : Wiley. - 0020-2754 .- 1475-5661. ; 41:2, s. 134-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the aim of helping to revivify a stalled geographical literature on the place of land in capitalist political economies, this article presents a critique of the popular idea that land can be usefully conceptualised as a fictitious' form of capital or commodity. The critique is based primarily on a close and critical consideration of the grounds on which the identifiers and theorists of such fictitiousness - Marx/Harvey in the case of capital, Polanyi in the case of the commodity - distinguished it from real' variants. Those grounds, the article argues, are tenuous. And, far from disabling us, treating land as no more or less real than other forms of capital and commodity can empower us in productively revisiting and centring the question of land's political economy - a crucial undertaking in a world where the materiality of land to social relations is writ increasingly large.
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| 34. |
- Christophers, Brett, 1971-
(författare)
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Fossilised Capital : Price and Profit in the Energy Transition
- 2022
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Ingår i: New Political Economy. - : Routledge. - 1356-3467 .- 1469-9923. ; 27:1, s. 146-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Getting renewable energies to a position of price competitiveness with fossil fuels has long been seen as a key challenge to the counter-carbon energy transition. Less discussed, but more significant to future investment trajectories in the capitalist global economy, is the relative profitability of fossil-fuel and renewable-energy production. Having recently pledged over the next few decades to decrease hydrocarbon production and increase renewable-energy generation, Europe's three oil and gas majors - BP, Shell and Total - now institutionally straddle the two energy worlds and their respective economic dynamics. This article takes stock of the companies' announcements and of the existing investment and profit landscape to assess the prospects for their own corporate energy transitions and thus for the global energy transition more broadly.
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| 35. |
- Christophers, Brett
(författare)
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From financialization to finance : For ‘de-financialization’
- 2015
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Ingår i: Dialogues in Human Geography. - : SAGE Publications. - 2043-8206 .- 2043-8214. ; 5:2, s. 229-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this response to the commentaries, I extend my critique in a new direction, arguing that work on financialization has had the perverse effect of black boxing ‘finance’ and crucial dimensions thereof. In developing this argument, I draw explicitly on, while seeking to generalize from, incisive observations contained in the commentaries. In doing so, I argue that it is important to address limits to financialization—political limits—not identified and addressed in the original article.
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| 36. |
- Christophers, Brett
(författare)
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From Marx to market and back again : Performing the economy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Geoforum. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-7185 .- 1872-9398. ; 57, s. 12-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article argues for a more constructive dialogue between political-economic and other heterodox economic approaches to capitalist markets. Arguing that political economists' suspicion of "techno-cultural" approaches is overstated, and drawing closely on the work of David Harvey, the article explores the potential for one particular such approach - that which emphasizes the "performativity" of markets to contribute towards one particular variant of political economy: the classical political economy of Marx.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Christophers, Brett
(författare)
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Geographical knowledges and neoliberal tensions : compulsory land purchase in the context of contemporary urban redevelopment
- 2010
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 42:4, s. 856-873
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The author examines the materialization of geographical knowledges in relation to the ongoing neoliberalization of urban space where the latter is based on processes of compulsory land purchase. The specific context for the study is two recently planned commercial redevelopments for the south London borough of Croydon in the United Kingdom, and the arguments mustered in support of these proposals. The author identifies and discusses three principal sets of geographical knowledges, which he examines under the headings symbolic, biopolitical, and scalar. In each case, he shows that the knowledges have strong modernist overtones. The paper seeks both to understand and contextualize these historical connections, and to consider the contemporary political work performed by the knowledges in question.
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| 40. |
- Christophers, Brett
(författare)
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Geographies of finance I : Historical geographies of the crisis-ridden present
- 2014
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Ingår i: Progress in Human Geography. - : SAGE Publications. - 0309-1325 .- 1477-0288. ; 38:2, s. 285-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At a time of ongoing crisis and transformation in financial relations, structures and processes, it would be all too easy to limit our geographical explorations of finance to the narrow temporal window of the early-twenty-first-century here-and-now. Fortunately, recent years have seen the publication of a number of studies that examine geographies of finance in a much wider array of historical contexts. This article reports on the findings of such studies. Reading them in the light of Foucault's injunction to write histories explicitly of the present, it argues that they provide an essential historical-geographical foundation for understanding the more immediate geographies of contemporary - and perhaps future - financial worlds.
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| 41. |
- Christophers, Brett
(författare)
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Geographies of finance II : Crisis, space and political-economic transformation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Progress in Human Geography. - : SAGE Publications. - 0309-1325 .- 1477-0288. ; 39:2, s. 205-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global financial and more widely economic crisis which began in 2007–2008 has been a crisis indelibly of political economy. This fact has led scholars of finance ‘back’ to political economy, where geographers’ interest in finance first materialized in the 1980s. In this light, this article reviews recent work on the geographical political economy of the crisis, highlighting such work’s main themes, contributions and lacunae. It shows that this work has been powerfully influenced by developments in geographical political economy, and by the latter’s engagement with alternative intellectual traditions, over the past three decades. But it argues also that the attempt to theorize and document the place of finance within geographical political economy remains very much an ongoing project.
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| 42. |
- Christophers, Brett
(författare)
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Geographies of finance III : Regulation and 'after-crisis' financial futures
- 2016
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Ingår i: Progress in Human Geography. - : SAGE Publications. - 0309-1325 .- 1477-0288. ; 40:1, s. 138-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We are now not far short of a decade on from the start of the global financial crisis. By most reckonings, those regions most directly affected by the crisis, and most people living therein, are still struggling to recover from and to come to terms with that crisis. But there already exists a burgeoning literature on the next great financial crisis: on, that is to say, what has - or, more pointedly, has not - been done to prevent such a reoccurrence, to limit its likelihood, or to restrict its potential scope. This literature, and in particular its discussion of financial (re) regulation, is the subject of this article. Through a critical reading of the literature the article argues that positive (re) regulation has been inhibited by the power of the financial sector to stymie meaningful reform, and that this power assumes highly material geographical configurations. The article also emphasizes the profound influence of economic ideas on financial policy-making. One idea that perhaps needs thorough critical reconsideration, the article concludes, is that of financial regulation itself.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Christophers, Brett, 1971-
(författare)
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How and Why US Single-Family Housing Became an Investor Asset Class
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of urban history. - : Sage Publications. - 0096-1442 .- 1552-6771. ; 49:2, s. 430-449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Having historically been avoided by institutional financial investors, U.S. single-family housing-that is, free-standing residential property-received large investment inflows after the global financial crisis of 2007-2009 to rapidly become a substantial asset class. Why? And why then? The materialization of an unprecedented investment opportunity-large stocks of cheap, favorably located urban housing-was certainly pivotal. But the attractiveness of that opportunity was enhanced by a series of parallel and (for investors) propitious historical shifts in four key realms: technology, finance, housing supply, and ideas. In short, the investment transformation that occurred was "overdetermined." The article develops this argument with a focus on investment by the firm that led the way: the Blackstone Group.
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| 45. |
- Christophers, Brett, 1971-
(författare)
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Intergenerational Inequality? : Labour, Capital, and Housing Through the Ages
- 2018
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Ingår i: Antipode. - : WILEY. - 0066-4812 .- 1467-8330. ; 50:1, s. 101-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the relevance of generational relations to emerging patterns of inequality in advanced capitalist societies, with a particular focus on inequalities related to housing wealth. At its heart is a critique of the increasingly prevalent argument that generational difference is a crucial axis of inequality today. It argues that while contemporary capitalist societies are certainly characterized by marked inequalities between generations and that the latter are manifested inter alia in housing ownership, understanding such inequalities principally in generational terms is problematic because they reflect deeper, more fundamental, structural inequalities and should therefore be conceptualized as such. The article suggests that the principal significance of generational relations to contemporary inequality dynamics actually concerns economic transfers rather than differences between generations. Within-family transfers of wealth, especially housing-related wealth, from older generations to younger ones tend to reproduce pronounced, structurally generated existing patterns of intra-generational inequality.
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| 46. |
- Christophers, Brett, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Intersections of inequality in homeownership in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Housing Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0267-3037 .- 1466-1810. ; 34:6, s. 897-924
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inequalities relating to ownership of housing have become a major issue de jour in many Western societies. This article examines how the distribution of homeownership in Sweden relates to two factors widely seen as significant to such inequalities, namely parental tenure status and place of birth. We use longitudinal registry data to examine the bearing of these two factors on individual-level tenure progression since the beginning of the 1990s for persons at different stages of their housing careers. We extend existing understandings of Swedish homeownership patterns by demonstrating that inequalities relating to place of birth and parental tenure intersect with one another in ways that substantially advantage certain subgroups while disadvantaging others, and by demonstrating that experiences of entry into homeownership have in recent years been changing in markedly different ways for these different subgroups. Overall, Swedish homeownership inequalities, far from dissipating, appear to be hardening along existing lines.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Christophers, Brett
(författare)
-
Making finance productive
- 2011
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Ingår i: Economy and Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0308-5147 .- 1469-5766. ; 40:1, s. 112-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Western governments' response to ongoing economic crisis has demonstrated that the financial services sector is seen to perform a critical and productive function in today's capitalist economies. This paper explores how this politically potent perception of productiveness has come to achieve the hegemony that it now enjoys. A principal forum for the 'making' of finance sector productiveness, it shows, has been the tradition of national accounting and its reporting of key economic metrics such as gross domestic product. By placing different activities on different sides of a pivotal 'production boundary', national income statisticians effectively dictate what counts as productive - as adding value to the economy - and what does not. Finance's contemporary representation as productive is predicated, the paper shows, on a long and contested history of boundary negotiation.
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