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- Chu, Jiangtao, et al.
(författare)
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Fluorescence imaging of macromolecule transport in high molecular weight cut-off microdialysis
- 2014
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Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 406:29, s. 7601-7609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When microdialysis (MD) membrane exceeds molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 100 kDa, the fluid mechanics are in the ultrafiltration regime. Consequently, fluidic mass transport of macromolecules in the perfusate over the membrane may reduce the biological relevance of the sampling and cause an inflammatory response in the test subject. Therefore, a method to investigate the molecular transport of high MWCO MD is presented. An in vitro test chamber was fabricated to facilitate the fluorescent imaging of the MD sampling process, using fluoresceinylisothiocyanate (FITC) dextran and fluorescence microscopy. Qualitative studies on dextran behavior inside and outside the membrane were performed. Semiquantitative results showed clear dextran leakage from both 40 and 250 kDa dextran when 100 kDa MWCO membranes were used. Dextran 40 kDa leaked out with an order of magnitude higher concentration and the leakage pattern resembled more of a convective flow pattern compared with dextran 250 kDa, where the leakage pattern was more diffusion based. No leakage was observed when dextran 500 kDa was used as a colloid osmotic agent. The results in this study suggest that fluorescence imaging could be used as a method for qualitative and semiquantitative molecular transport and fluid dynamics studies of MD membranes and other hollow fiber catheter membranes.
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- Chu, Jiangtao, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of static pressure on transmembrane fluid exchange in high molecular weight cut off microdialysis
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biomedical microdevices (Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1387-2176 .- 1572-8781. ; 16:2, s. 301-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the interest of studying larger biomolecules by microdialysis (MD), this sampling technique has reached into the ultrafiltration region of fluid exchange, where fluid recovery (FR) has a strong dependence on pressure. Hence in this study, we focus on the fluid exchange across the high molecular weight cut off MD membrane under the influence of the static pressure in the sampling environment. A theoretical model is presented for MD with such membranes, where FR has a linear dependence upon the static pressure of the sample. Transmembrane (TM) osmotic pressure difference and MD perfusion rate decide how fast FR increases with increased static pressure.A test chamber for in vitro MD under static pressure was constructed and validated. It can hold four MD probes under controlled pressurized conditions. Comparison showed good agreement between experiment and theory. Moreover, test results showed that the fluid recovery of the test chamber MD can be set accurately via the chamber pressure, which is controlled by sample injection into the chamber at precise rate. This in vitro system is designed for modelling in vivo MD in cerebrospinal fluid and studies with biological samples in this system may be good models for in vivo MD.
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- Chu, Jiangtao, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of different pluronic surface modifications and pressure on microdialysis protein extraction efficiency
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biomedical microdevices (Print). - Springer. - 1387-2176 .- 1572-8781.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is growing interest in using microdialysis (MD) for monitoring larger and more complexmolecules such as neuropeptides and proteins. This promotes the use of MD membranes withmolecular weight cut off (MWCO) of 100 kDa. Hence, the hydrodynamic property of themembrane goes to ultrafiltration, making the sampling more sensitive to pressure changes. Also,despite the large membrane pore size, studies have shown that membrane biofouling still leads tounstable catheter performance. Our objective is to study in vitro how four kinds of surfacemodifications (Pluronic L31, L44, F87 and F127+L31) affect the fluid recovery (FR) andextraction efficiency (EE) of 100 kDa MWCO MD catheters, under controlled pressure. Apressure chamber was employed to facilitate the tests, using as MD sample a protein standardwith proteins of similar concentrations as in human cerebral spinal fluid. The collected dialysatefractions were examined for FR and EE. Targeted mass spectrometry analysed the EE ofindividual proteins and peptides. The thicker the pluronic adsorption layer, the less thehydrodynamic diameter of the membrane pores, leading to lower and more stable FR. The foursurface modifications had three different behaviours: Pluronic F127 + L31 showed similarbehavior to the Pluronic F127 and the native original membrane; Pluronic F87 showed acontinuous EE increase with pressure; Pluronic L31 and L44 showed similar EE values, whichwere stable with pressure. Different surface modifications are clearly selective to differentproteins and peptides. We conclude that a pluronic surface modification could provide MDsampling with more stable FR, and more stable or enhanced EE with high FR, depending on theobjective of the sampling.
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- Chu, Jiangtao, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of surface modification and static pressure on microdialysis protein extraction efficiency
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biomedical microdevices (Print). - Springer : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1387-2176 .- 1572-8781. ; 17:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is growing interest in using microdialysis (MD) for monitoring larger and more complexmolecules such as neuropeptides and proteins. This promotes the use of MD membranes withmolecular weight cut off (MWCO) of 100 kDa or above. The hydrodynamic property of themembrane goes to ultrafiltration or beyond, making the MD catheters more sensitive to pressure.In the meantime, despite the large pore size, studies have shown that membrane biofouling stilllead to unstable catheter performance. The objective is to study in vitro how 500 kDa dextranand Poloxamer 407 surface modification affect the fluid recovery (FR) and extraction efficiency(EE) of 100 kDa MWCO MD catheters. A pressure chamber was designed to facilitate the tests,using as MD sample a protein standard with similar concentrations as in human cerebral spinalfluid, comparing native and Poloxamer 407 modified MD catheters. The collected dialysatefractions were examined for FR and protein EE, employing Dot-it Spot-it Protein Assay for totalprotein EE and targeted mass spectrometry (MS) for EE of individual proteins and peptides. TheFR results suggested that the surface modified catheters were less sensitive to the pressure andprovide higher precision, and provided a FR closer to 100%. The surface modification did notshow a significant effect on the protein EE. The average total protein EE of surface modifiedcatheters was slightly higher than that of the native ones. The MS EE data of individual proteinsshowed a clear trend of complex response in EE with pressure.
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- Chu, Jiangtao, 1982-
(författare)
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Microdialysis Sampling of Macro Molecules : Fluid Characteristics, Extraction Efficiency and Enhanced Performance
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, fluid characteristics and sampling efficiency of high molecular weight cut-off microdialysis are presented, with the aim of improving the understanding of microdialysis sampling mechanisms and its performance regarding extraction efficiency of biological fluid and biomarkers.Microdialysis is a well-established clinical sampling tool for monitoring small biomarkers such as lactate and glucose. In recent years, interest has raised in using high molecular weight cut-off microdialysis to sample macro molecules such as neuropeptides, cytokines and proteins. However, with the increase of the membrane pore size, high molecular weight cut-off microdialysis exhibits drawbacks such like unstable catheter performance, imbalanced fluid recovery, low and unstable molecule extraction efficiency, etc. But still, the fluid characteristics of high molecular weight cut-off microdialysis is rarely studied, and the clinical or in vitro molecule sampling efficiency from recent studies vary from each other and are difficult to compare. Therefore, in this thesis three aspects of high molecular weight cut-off microdialysis have been explored. The first, the fluid characteristics of large pore microdialysis has been investigated, theoretically and experimentally. The results suggest that the experimental fluid recovery is in consistency with its theoretical formula. The second, the macromolecule transport behaviour has been visualized and semi-quantified, using an in vitro test system and fluorescence imaging. The third, two in vitro tests have been done to mimic in vivo cerebrospinal fluid sampling under pressurization, using native and differently surface modified catheters. As results, individual protein/peptide extraction efficiencies were achieved, using targeted mass spectrometry analysis.In summary, a theory system of the fluid characteristics of high molecular weight cut-off microdialysis has been built and testified; Macromolecular transport of microdialysis catheter has been visualized; In vivo biomolecules sampling has been simulated by well-defined in vitro studies; Individual biomolecular extraction efficiency has been shown; Different surface modifications of microdialysis catheter have been investigated. It was found that, improved sampling performance can be achieved, in terms of balanced fluid recovery and controlled protein extraction efficiency.
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- Chu, Jiangtao, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Protein Desalination Chip for Mass Spectrometry Sample Preparation
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work focuses on desalination of a protein sample in a lab-on-chip device using the ion concentration polarization (ICP) technique. It was demonstrated with a salt containing buffer with four proteins and two peptides of concentrations typical to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Not only was the output desalinated but its protein concentration with large molecular weight (MW) was as much as 3 times higher for the largest protein compared to the original. We conclude that ICP based microfluidic chips have great potential for desalination and protein concentration in microdialysis sampling coupled to mass spectroscopy (MS).
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- Dahlin, Andreas P, et al.
(författare)
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Refined microdialysis method for protein biomarker sampling in acute brain injury in the neurointensive care setting
- 2014
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 86:17, s. 8671-8679
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is growing interest in cerebral microdialysis (MD) for sampling of protein biomarkers in neurointensive care (NIC) patients. Published data point to inherent problems with this methodology including protein interaction and biofouling leading to unstable catheter performance. This study tested the in vivo performance of a refined MD method including catheter surface modification, for protein biomarker sampling in a clinically relevant porcine brain injury model. Seven pigs of both sexes (10-12 weeks old; 22.2-27.3 kg) were included. Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure was recorded during the stepwise elevation of intracranial pressure by inflation of an epidural balloon catheter with saline (1 mL/20 min) until brain death. One naïve MD catheter and one surface modified with Pluronic F-127 (10 mm membrane, 100 kDa molecular weight cutoff MD catheter) were inserted into the right frontal cortex and perfused with mock CSF with 3% Dextran 500 at a flow rate of 1.0 μL/min and 20 min sample collection. Naïve catheters showed unstable fluid recovery, sensitive to ICP changes, which was significantly stabilized by surface modification. Three of seven naïve catheters failed to deliver a stable fluid recovery. MD levels of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glutamate, glycerol and urea measured enzymatically showed an expected gradual ischemic and cellular distress response to the intervention without differences between naïve and surface modified catheters. The 17 most common proteins quantified by iTRAQ and nanoflow LC-MS/MS were used as biomarker models. These proteins showed a significantly more homogeneous response to the ICP intervention in surface modified compared to naïve MD catheters with improved extraction efficiency for most of the proteins. The refined MD method appears to improve the accuracy and precision of protein biomarker sampling in the NIC setting.
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| 13. |
- Hillered, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebral microdialysis for protein biomarker monitoring in the neurointensive care setting - a technical approach
- 2014
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neurology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-2295. ; 5, s. 245-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cerebral microdialysis (MD) was introduced as a neurochemical monitoring method in the early 1990s and is currently widely used for the sampling of low molecular weight molecules, signaling energy crisis, and cellular distress in the neurointensive care (NIC) setting. There is a growing interest in MD for harvesting of intracerebral protein biomarkers of secondary injury mechanisms in acute traumatic and neurovascular brain injury in the NIC community. The initial enthusiasm over the opportunity to sample protein biomarkers with high molecular weight cut-off MD catheters has dampened somewhat with the emerging realization of inherent methodological problems including protein-protein interaction, protein adhesion, and biofouling, causing an unstable in vivo performance (i.e., fluid recovery and extraction efficiency) of the MD catheter. This review will focus on the results of a multidisciplinary collaborative effort, within the Uppsala Berzelii Centre for Neurodiagnostics during the past several years, to study the features of the complex process of high molecular weight cut-off MD for protein biomarkers. This research has led to new methodology showing robust in vivo performance with optimized fluid recovery and improved extraction efficiency, allowing for more accurate biomarker monitoring. In combination with evolving analytical methodology allowing for multiplex biomarker analysis in ultra-small MD samples, a new opportunity opens up for high-resolution temporal mapping of secondary injury cascades, such as neuroinflammation and other cell injury reactions directly in the injured human brain. Such data may provide an important basis for improved characterization of complex injuries, e.g., traumatic and neurovascular brain injury, and help in defining targets and treatment windows for neuroprotective drug development.
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